2012 Toyota Tacoma Owners Manual

The rear differential lock system is provided for use only when wheel spinning occurs in a ditch or on a slippery or rugged surface. The rear differential lock system is effective in case one of the rear wheels is spinning.

Press the RR DIFF LOCK switch to lock the rear differen- tial.

At this time, the indicator will blink. Wait a few seconds for the system to complete opera- tion. After the rear differential is locked, the rear differential lock indicator will stop blinking and remain on. To unlock the rear differential, push the switch again.

Using the rear differential lock system

Automatic transmission

4WD models: Before using the rear differential lock system. Stop the vehicle, shift the shift lever to N and put the front- wheel drive control switch in the L4 position to see if this is sufficient. If this has no effect, additionally use the rear differ- ential lock system. Be sure to stop the wheels. Press the RR DIFF LOCK switch. After the rear differential is locked, the indicator will come on. Gently depress the accelerator pedal.

Unlock the rear differential as soon as the vehicle moves. To unlock the rear differential, push the switch again.

∗: If equipped

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Manual transmission

4WD models: Before using the rear differential lock system. Stop the vehicle or reduce your speed to less than 2 mph (3
km/h). Depress the clutch pedal and put the front-wheel drive control switch in the L4 position to see if this is sufficient. If this has no effect, additionally use the rear differential lock system. Be sure to stop the wheels. Depress the clutch pedal. Press the RR DIFF LOCK switch. After the rear differential is locked, the indicator will come on. Slowly release the clutch pedal.

Unlock the rear differential as soon as the vehicle moves. To unlock the rear differential, push the switch again.

■Locking the rear differential

●When the rear differential is locked, VSC is automatically turned off.

(The rear differential lock and VSC OFF indicators come on.)

●The following systems do not operate when the rear differential is locked. It is normal operation for the ABS warning light and VSC OFF indicator to be on at this time. If the DAC switch turns on, the downhill assist control system indicator light flashes. • ABS • Brake assist system • VSC • TRAC • Downhill assist control system • Hill-start assist control system

■The rear differential lock is disengaged when

Shift the front-wheel drive control switch to H2 or H4 position. (4WD models) Never forget to turn off the switch after using this feature.

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■After unlocking the rear differential

To check that the indicator goes off, turn the engine switch to the ON posi- tion, but do not start the engine.

CAUTION

■To avoid an accident

●Do not use the rear differential lock system except when wheel spinning occurs in a ditch or on a slippery or ragged surface. Large steering effort and careful cornering control will be required.

●Do not lock the rear differential until the wheels have stopped spinning.

Otherwise, the vehicle may move in an unexpected direction when the dif- ferential lock is engaged, resulting in an accident. This may also lead to possible damage to differential lock component parts.

●Do not drive over 5 mph (8 km/h) when the differential is locked. ●Do not keep driving with the RR DIFF LOCK switch on.

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2-4. Using other driving systems Downhill Assist Control system∗

The downhill assist control system helps to prevent excessive speed on steep downhill descents. ■ System operation

The system will operate when the vehicle is traveling under 15
mph (25 km/h) and the front-wheel drive control switch is in the L4 position.

Press the DAC switch. The indicator will come on, and the system will operate. With the vehicle traveling at a speed of 15 mph (25 km/h) or less, release your foot from the accelerator or brake pedal to activate the system.

the

stop

When the system is in opera- tion, the slip indicator will flash, and lights/high mounted stop light will come on. A sound may also occur during the operation. This does not indicate a malfunction.

■ Turning off the system

Press the DAC switch while the system is in operation. The indi- cator will flash as the system gradually ceases operation, and will turn off when the system is fully off. Pressing the DAC switch while the indicator is flashing will start the system again.

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■Operating tips

The system will operate when the shift lever is in a position other than P. However, to make effective use of the system it is recommended that the shift lever be shifted to 2 or L.

■The system will not operate when

●The front-wheel drive control switch is in the H2 or H4 position. ●The rear differential is locked.

■The downhill assist control system indicator light flashes when

●The shift lever is in the N position. ●The front-wheel drive control switch is in the H2 or H4 position. ●The rear differential is locked. ■If the brake system overheats

The system will cease operation and a buzzer will sound to alert the driver. Stop the vehicle in a safe place. (There is no problem with continuing normal driving.)

■System malfunction

●The downhill assist control system indicator does not come on when the

engine switch is turned to the ON position.

●The downhill assist control system indicator does not come on when the

DAC switch is pressed. In the above cases have your vehicle checked by your Toyota dealer.

CAUTION

■Do not rely excessively on the downhill assist control system

It may not be able to maintain a low speed over road surfaces on which slid- ing can easily occur, such as extremely steep slopes or icy or muddy roads.

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2-4. Using other driving systems Clutch start cancel switch∗

The switch allows the vehicle to be driven out of difficult situations by cranking the engine with the clutch engaged. Never use the switch for normal engine starting. Be sure to follow the starting procedure. (→P. 143)

Press the CLUTCH START CANCEL switch to cancel the clutch start system when the engine switch is turned to the ON position.

The indicator comes on when the clutch start system is can- celed. The clutch start cancel switch turned off is automatically when is turned off.

the engine switch

■Clutch start system

The system is designed to keep the starter motor from operating if the clutch pedal is not depressed all the way down.

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2-4. Using other driving systems Driving assist systems

To help enhance driving safety and performance, the following sys- tems operate automatically in response to various driving situations. Be aware, however, that these systems are supplementary and should not be relied upon too heavily when operating the vehicle. ■ ABS (Anti-lock Brake System)

Helps to prevent wheel lock when the brakes are applied suddenly, or if the brakes are applied while driving on a slippery road surface.

■ Brake assist

Generates an increased level of braking force after the brake pedal is depressed, while the system detects a panic stop situation.

■ VSC (Vehicle Stability Control)

Helps the driver to control skidding when swerving suddenly or turning on slippery road surfaces.

■ Trailer Sway Control (vehicles with towing hitch and 7 pin

connector) Helps the driver to control trailer sway by selectively applying brake pressure for individual wheels and reducing engine torque when trailer sway is detected. Trailer Sway Control is part of the VSC system and will not operate if VSC is turned off or experiences a malfunction.

■ TRAC (Traction Control)

Helps to maintains drive power and prevent the drive wheels from spin- ning when starting the vehicle or accelerating on slippery roads.

■ Hill-start assist control (if equipped)

Helps prevent the vehicle from rolling backwards when starting on an incline or slippery slope. It operates for approximately 5 seconds at maximum.

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2-4. Using other driving systems

When the VSC/Trailer Sway Control/TRAC/hill-start assist control systems are operating

If the vehicle is in danger of slip- ping or rolling backward when starting on an incline, or if any of the drive wheels spins, the slip indicator light flashes to indicate that the VSC/Trailer Sway Con- trol/TRAC/hill-start assist control systems are operating.

The stop lights and high mounted stoplight the hill-start assist control system or Trailer Sway Control is operating.

turn on when

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To disable VSC, Trailer Sway Control and TRAC (2WD models and 2WD mode on 4WD models)

If the vehicle gets stuck in fresh snow or mud, VSC, Trailer Sway Control and TRAC may reduce power from the engine to the wheels. You may need to turn the system off to enable you to rock the vehicle in order to free it. ■ Turning off TRAC, VSC and Trailer Sway Control

Press and hold the VSC OFF switch for more than 3 seconds while the vehicle is stopped to turn off TRAC, VSC and Trailer Sway Control.

The VSC OFF and TRAC OFF indicators will come on. Push the switch again to turn both systems back on.

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2-4. Using other driving systems

To disable VSC, Trailer Sway Control and/or TRAC (4WD mode on 4WD models)

If the vehicle gets stuck in fresh snow or mud, VSC, Trailer Sway Control and TRAC may reduce power from the engine to the wheels. You may need to turn the system off to enable you to rock the vehicle in order to free it. ■ Turning off TRAC

Quickly push and release the VSC OFF switch to turn off TRAC.

The TRAC OFF indicator will come on. Push the switch again to turn the system back on.

■ Turning off TRAC, VSC and Trailer Sway Control

Press and hold the VSC OFF switch for more than 3 seconds while the vehicle is stopped to turn off TRAC, VSC and Trailer Sway Control.

The VSC OFF and TRAC OFF indicators will come on. Push the switch again to turn both systems back on.

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■When the TRAC OFF indicator light comes on even if the VSC OFF

switch has not been pressed TRAC, hill-start assist control, downhill assist control system cannot be oper- ated. Contact your Toyota dealer.

■Reactivation of the TRAC, VSC and Trailer Sway Control systems after

turning off the engine Turning off the engine after turning off the TRAC, VSC and Trailer Sway Control systems will automatically reactivate them. ■Automatic TRAC reactivation (AUTO LSD mode)

With AUTO LSD mode, VSC OFF and AUTO LSD indicator lights turn on. The TRAC system will turn on when the vehicle speed increases. ■Automatic TRAC, VSC and Trailer Sway Control reactivation

If the TRAC, VSC and Trailer Sway Control systems are turned off, the sys- tems will not turn on even when vehicle speed increases.

■Sounds and vibrations caused by the ABS, TRAC, VSC, Trailer Sway

Control, brake assist and hill-start assist control system ●A sound may be heard from the engine compartment when the engine is started or just after the vehicle begins to move. This sound does not indi- cate that a malfunction has occurred in any of these systems.

●Any of the following conditions may occur when the above systems are

operating. None of these indicates that a malfunction has occurred. • Vibrations may be felt through the vehicle body and steering. • A motor sound may be heard after the vehicle comes to a stop. • The brake pedal may pulsate slightly when the ABS is activated. • The brake pedal may move down slightly after the ABS is activated.

■Hill-start assist control is operational when (if equipped)

●The shift lever is in the D, 4, 3, 2 (5-speed automatic transmission), D, 3,

2 (4-speed automatic transmission) or L positions.

●The brake pedal is not depressed.

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■Hill-start assist control will not operate when (if equipped)

●The shift lever is in the P, R or N positions. ●The rear differential is locked. ■If the brake system overheats

TRAC and hill-start control will cease operation and a buzzer will sound to alert the driver. Stop the vehicle in a safe place. (There is no problem with continuing normal driving.)

CAUTION

■The ABS does not operate effectively when

●The limits of the gripping performance have been exceeded. ●The vehicle hydroplanes while driving at high speed on the wet or slick

road.

■Stopping distance when the ABS is operating may exceed that of nor-

mal conditions The ABS is not designed to shorten the vehicle’s stopping distance. Always maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you in the following situ- ations. ●When driving on dirt, gravel or snow-covered roads ●When driving with tire chains ●When driving over bumps in the road ●When driving over roads with potholes or roads with uneven roads

■When VSC and Trailer Sway Control are activated

The slip indicator flashes. Always drive carefully. Reckless driving may cause an accident. Exercise particular care when the indicator flashes.

■TRAC may not operate effectively when

Directional control and power may not be achievable while driving on slip- pery road surfaces, even if TRAC is operating. Do not drive the vehicle in conditions where stability and power may be lost.

■If the hill-start assist control does not operate effectively

Do not overly rely on the hill-start assist control. The hill start assist control may not operate effectively on steep inclines and roads covered in ice.

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CAUTION

■Replacing tires

Make sure that all tires are of the same size, brand, tread pattern and total load capacity. In addition, make sure that the tires are inflated to the appro- priate tire pressure level. The ABS, VSC, TRAC and Trailer Sway Control will not function correctly if different tires are fitted on the vehicle. Contact your Toyota dealer for further information when replacing tires or wheels.

■Handling of tires and suspension

Using tires with any kind of problem or modifying the suspension will affect the driving assist systems, and may cause the system to malfunction.

■Trailer Sway Control precaution

The Trailer Sway Control system is not able to reduce trailer sway in all situ- ations. Depending on many factors such as the conditions of the vehicle, trailer, road surface, and driving environment, the Trailer Sway Control sys- tem may not be effective. Refer to your trailer owner’s manual for information on how to tow your trailer properly.

■If trailer sway occurs

Observe the following precautions. Failing to do so may cause death or serious injury. ●Firmly grip the steering wheel. Steer straight ahead.

Do not try to control trailer swaying by turning the steering wheel.

●Begin releasing the accelerator pedal immediately but very gradually to

reduce speed. Do not increase speed. Do not apply vehicle brakes.

If you make no extreme correction with the steering or brakes, your vehicle and trailer should stabilize. (→P. 240)

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2-5. Driving information Off-road precautions (4WD models and PreRunner)

This vehicle has higher ground clearance and narrower tread in rela- tion to the height of its center of gravity to make it capable of per- forming in a wide variety of off-road applications.

Off-road vehicle feature

● Specific design characteristics give it a higher center of gravity than ordinary passenger cars. This vehicle design feature causes this type of vehicle to be more likely to rollover. And, it has a signif- icantly higher rollover rate than other types of vehicles.

● An advantage of the higher ground clearance is a better view of the

road allowing you to anticipate problems.

● It is not designed for cornering at the same speeds as ordinary passenger cars any more than low-slung sports cars are designed to perform satisfactorily under off-road conditions. Therefore, sharp turns at excessive speeds may cause rollover.

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CAUTION

■Off-road vehicle precautions

Always observe the following precautions to minimize the risk of serious per- sonal injury or damage to your vehicle: ●In a rollover crash, an unbelted person is significantly more likely to die than a person wearing a seat belt. Therefore, the driver and all passengers should fasten their seat belts whenever the vehicle is moving.

●Avoid sharp turns or abrupt maneuvers, if at all possible.

Failure to operate this vehicle correctly may result in loss of control or vehicle rollover causing death or serious injury.

●Avoid loading any items on the roof that will raise the vehicle’s center of

gravity.

●Always slow down in gusty crosswinds. Because of its profile and higher center of gravity, your vehicle is more sensitive to side winds than an ordi- nary passenger car. Slowing down will allow you to have much better con- trol.

●When driving off-road or in rugged terrain, do not drive at excessive speeds, jump, make sharp turns, strike objects, etc. This may cause loss of control or vehicle rollover causing death or serious injury. You are also risking expensive damage to your vehicle’s suspension and chassis.

●Do not drive horizontally across steep slopes. Driving straight up or straight down is preferred. Your vehicle (or any similar off-road vehicle) can tip over sideways much more easily than forward or backward.

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Off-road driving

When driving your vehicle off-road, please observe the following pre- cautions to ensure your driving enjoyment and to help prevent the closure of areas to off-road vehicles. ● Drive your vehicle only in areas where off-road vehicles are permit-

ted to travel.

● Respect private property. Get owner’s permission before entering

private property.

● Do not enter areas that are closed. Honor gates, barriers and signs

that restrict travel.

● Stay on established roads. When conditions are wet, driving tech- niques should be changed or travel delayed to prevent damage to roads.

■Additional information for off-road driving

For owners in U.S. mainland, Hawaii and Puerto Rico:

To obtain additional information pertaining to driving your vehicle off-road, consult the following organizations. ●State and Local Parks and Recreation Departments ●State Motor Vehicle Bureau ●Recreational Vehicle Clubs ●U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management

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CAUTION

■Off-road driving precautions

Always observe the following precautions to minimize the risk of serious injury or damage to your vehicle: ●Drive carefully when off the road. Do not take unnecessary risks by driving

in dangerous places.

●Do not grip the steering wheel spokes when driving off-road. A bad bump could jerk the wheel and injure your hands. Keep both hands and espe- cially your thumbs on the outside of the rim.

●Always check your brakes for effectiveness immediately after driving in

sand, mud, water or snow.

●After driving through tall grass, mud, rock, sand, rivers, etc., check that there is no grass, bush, paper, rags, stone, sand, etc. adhering or trapped on the underbody. Clear off any such matter from the underbody. If the vehicle is used with these materials trapped or adhering to the underbody, a breakdown or fire could occur.

●In a rollover crash, an unbelted person is significantly more likely to die than a person wearing a seat belt. Therefore, the driver and all passengers should fasten their seat belts whenever the vehicle is moving.

●When driving off-road or in rugged terrain, do not drive at excessive speeds, jump, make sharp turns, strike objects, etc. This may cause loss of control or vehicle rollover causing death or serious injury. You are also risking expensive damage to your vehicle’s suspension and chassis.

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NOTICE

■To prevent the water damage

●Take all necessary safety measures to ensure that water damage to the

engine or other components does not occur.

●Water entering the engine air intake will cause severe engine damage. ●Water entering the automatic transmission will cause deterioration in shift quality, locking up of your transmission accompanied by vibration, and ulti- mately damage.

●Water can wash the grease from wheel bearings, causing rusting and pre- mature failure, and may also enter the differentials, transmission and transfer case, reducing the gear oil’s lubricating qualities.

■When you drive through water

If driving through water, such as when crossing shallow streams, first check the depth of the water and the bottom of the river bed for firmness. Drive slowly and avoid deep water.

■Inspection after off-road driving

●Sand and mud that has accumulated in brake drums and around brake discs may affect braking efficiency and may damage brake system compo- nents.

●Always perform a maintenance inspection after each day of off-road driv- ing that has taken you through rough terrain, sand, mud, or water. For scheduled maintenance information, refer to the “Scheduled Maintenance Guide” or “Owner’s Manual Supplement”.

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2-5. Driving information Cargo and luggage

Take notice of the following information about storage precau- tions, cargo capacity and load. ● Stow cargo and luggage in the rear deck whenever possible. ● Be sure all items are secured in place. ● Be careful to keep the vehicle level. Placing the weight as far for-

ward as possible helps maintain vehicle balance.

● For better fuel economy, do not carry unnecessary weight. ■ Deck rails

Headboard rail Side rails To use the deck rails, you must install genuine Toyota accessories or their equiva- lent for the deck rails. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and precautions when installing a genuine Toyota accessory or equiva- lent.

CAUTION

■When you secure cargo with the deck rails

Be sure to follow the instructions below in order to avoid the cargo com- ing loose. ●Do not install accessories (tie-down cleats, storage boxes, etc.) at

more than the following number of locations per deck rail. • Side rail:

Short deck—Max. 3 locations Long deck—Max. 4 locations

• Headboard rail: Max 3 locations

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CAUTION

■When you secure cargo with the deck rails

●Spread out tie-down/support locations evenly along the length of the

rails.

●Do not exceed a total tensile load of 440 lb. (200 kg) per deck rail. ●To prevent luggage or cargo from sliding forward during braking, make sure the deck rail accessories such as storage box are securely attached on the deck rails.

Capacity and distribution

Cargo capacity depends on the total weight of the occupants. (Cargo capacity) = (Total load capacity) − (Total weight of occupants) Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit— (1)Locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs.” on your vehicle’s placard.

(2)Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that

will be riding in your vehicle.

(3)Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from

XXX kg or XXX lbs.

(4)The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and lug-

gage load capacity. For example, if the “XXX” amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1400 − 750 (5 × 150) = 650 lbs.)

(5)Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4.

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2-5. Driving information

(6)If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.

Example on your vehicle

Cargo capacity Total load capacity

When 2 people with the combined weight of A lb. (kg) are riding in your vehicle, which has a total load capacity of B lb. (kg), the avail- able amount of cargo and luggage load capacity will be C lb. (kg) as follows: B lb. (kg) − A lb. (kg) = C lb. (kg)

In this condition, if 3 more passengers with the combined weight of D lb. (kg) get on, the available cargo and luggage load will be reduced E lb. (kg) as follows:

C lb. (kg) − D lb. (kg) = E lb. (kg) As shown in the above example, if the number of occupants increases, the cargo and luggage load will be reduced by an amount that equals the increased weight due to the additional occupants. In other words, if an increase in the number of occupants causes an excess of the total load capacity (combined weight of occupants plus cargo and luggage load), you must reduce the cargo and luggage on your vehicle.

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CAUTION

■Things that must not be carried in the luggage compartment

The following things may cause a fire if loaded in the luggage compart- ment. ●Receptacles containing gasoline ●Aerosol cans

■Storage precautions

Observe the following precautions. Failing to do so may result in death or serious injury. ●Do not stack anything behind the front seats higher than the seat-

backs. Such items may be thrown about and possibly injure people in the vehicle during sudden braking or in an accident.

●Do not place cargo or luggage in or on the following locations as the item may get under the clutch, brake or accelerator pedal and prevent the pedals from being depressed properly, block the driver’s vision, or hit the driver or passengers, causing an accident. • Driver’s feet • Front passenger or rear seats (when stacking items) • Instrument panel • Dashboard • Auxiliary box or tray that has no lid

●Secure all items in the occupant compartment, as they may shift and injure someone during sudden braking, sudden swerving or an acci- dent.

●Never allow anyone to ride in the rear deck. It is not designed for pas- sengers. They should ride in their seats with their seat belts properly fastened. Otherwise, they are much more likely to suffer death or seri- ous bodily injury, in the event of sudden braking, sudden swerving or an accident.

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CAUTION

■Capacity and distribution

●Do not exceed the maximum axle weight rating or the total vehicle

weight rating.

●Even if the total load of occupant’s weight and the cargo load is less than the total load capacity, do not apply the load unevenly. Improper loading may cause deterioration of steering or braking control which may cause death or serious injury.

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2-5. Driving information Vehicle load limits

Vehicle load limits include total load capacity, seating capacity, TWR (Trailer Weight Rating) and cargo capacity. ■ Total load capacity: (→P. 549)

Total load capacity means the combined weight of occupants, cargo and luggage. ■ Seating capacity:

Regular Cab models With separated type seats— 2 occupants With bench type seat— 3 occupants Access Cab models 4 occupants (Front 2, Rear 2) Double Cab models 5 occupants (Front 2, Rear 3) Seating capacity means the maximum number of occupants whose estimated average weight is 150 lb. (68 kg) per person. Even if the number of occupants are within the seating capacity, do not exceed the total load capacity.

■ TWR (Trailer Weight Rating): (→P. 228, 551)

TWR means the maximum gross trailer weight (trailer weight plus its cargo weight) that your vehicle is able to tow.

■ Cargo capacity

Cargo capacity may increase or decrease depending on the weight and the number of occupants.

■Total load capacity and seating capacity

These details are also described on the tire and loading information label. (→P. 461)

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CAUTION

■Overloading the vehicle

Do not overload the vehicle. It may not only cause damage to the tires, but also degrade steering and braking ability, resulting in an accident.

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2-5. Driving information Winter driving tips

Carry out the necessary preparations and inspections before driving the vehicle in winter. Always drive the vehicle in a manner appropri- ate to the prevailing weather conditions. ■ Pre-winter preparations

● Use fluids that are appropriate to the prevailing outside tem-

peratures. • Engine oil • Engine coolant • Washer fluid

● Have a service technician inspect the level and specific grav-

ity of battery electrolyte.

● Have the vehicle fitted with four snow tires or purchase a set

of tire chains for the rear tires. Ensure that all tires are the same size and brand, and that chains match the size of the tires. ■ Before driving the vehicle

Perform the following according to the driving conditions. ● Do not try to forcibly open a window, scrape an outside rear view mirror surface or move a wiper or outside rear view mir- ror that is frozen. Pour warm water over the frozen area to melt the ice. Wipe away the water immediately to prevent it from freezing.

● To ensure proper operation of the climate control system fan, remove any snow that has accumulated on the air inlet vents in front of the windshield.

● Remove any ice that has accumulated on the vehicle chassis. ● Periodically check for and remove any excess ice or snow that may have accumulated in the wheel well or on the brakes.

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■ When driving the vehicle

Accelerate the vehicle slowly and drive at a reduced speed suit- able to road conditions.

■ When parking the vehicle

Park the vehicle and move the shift lever to P (automatic trans- mission) or 1 or R (manual transmission) without setting the parking brake. The parking brake may freeze up, preventing it from being released. If necessary, block the wheels to prevent inadvertent sliding or creeping.

Selecting tire chains

Use the correct tire chain size when mounting the snow chains. Chain size is regulated for each tire size.

Side chain 0.2 in. (5 mm) in diameter Cross chain 0.25 in. (6.3 mm) in diameter

Regulations on the use of snow chains

● Regulations regarding the use of tire chains vary according to loca- tion and type of road. Always check local regulations before install- ing chains.

● Install the chains on the rear tires. ● Retighten the chains after driving 1/4 - 1/2 mile (0.5 - 1.0 km).

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■Snow chain installation

Observe the following precautions when installing and removing chains. ●Install and remove tire chains in a safe location. ●Install tire chains on the rear tires only. Do not install tire chains on the

front tires.

●Install tire chains following the instructions provided in the accompanying

instructions.

CAUTION

■Driving with snow tires

Observe the following precautions to reduce the risk of accidents. Failing to do so may result in a loss of vehicle control and cause death or serious injury. ●Use tires of the size specified for your vehicle. ●Maintain the recommended level of air pressure. ●Do not drive in excess of 75 mph (120 km/h) regardless of the type of

snow tires being used.

●Snow tires should be installed on all wheels. ●4WD models:

Do not mix tires of different makes, models, tread patterns or treadwear.

■Driving with snow chains

Observe the following precautions to reduce the risk of accidents. Failing to do so may result in the vehicle being unable to be driven safely, and may cause death or serious injury. ●Do not drive in excess of the speed limit specified for the tire chains being

used or 30 mph (50 km/h), whichever is lower.

●Avoid driving on bumpy road surfaces or over potholes. ●Avoid sudden turns and braking. ●Slow down sufficiently before entering a curve to ensure that vehicle con-

trol is maintained.

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CAUTION

■When parking the vehicle

Always use wheel blocks when parking without the parking brake. Failure to do so may allow the vehicle to move, resulting in an accident.

NOTICE

■Repairing or replacing snow tires

Request repairs of and obtain replacement snow tires from Toyota dealers or legitimate tire retailers. This is because the removal and attachment of snow tires affects the opera- tion of the tire pressure warning valves and transmitters.

■Fitting tire chains

The tire pressure warning valves and transmitters may not function correctly when tire chains are fitted.

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2-5. Driving information Trailer towing

Your vehicle is designed primarily as a passenger-and-load-carrying vehicle. Towing a trailer can have an adverse impact on handling, performance, braking, durability, and fuel consumption. For your safety and the safety of others, you must not overload your vehicle or trailer. You must also ensure that you are using appropriate tow- ing equipment, that the towing equipment has been installed cor- rectly and used properly, and that you employ the requisite driving habits. Vehicle-trailer stability and braking performance are affected by trailer stability, brake performance and setting, trailer brakes, the hitch and hitch systems (if equipped). To tow a trailer safely, use extreme care and drive the vehicle in accordance with your trailer’s characteristics and operating condi- tions. Toyota warranties do not apply to damage or malfunction caused by towing a trailer for commercial purposes. Contact your Toyota dealer for further information about additional requirements such as towing kits, etc.

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Towing related terms

■ GCWR (Gross Combination Weight Rating)

The maximum allowable gross combination weight. The gross combination weight is the sum of the total vehicle weight (including the occupants, cargo and any optional equipment installed on the vehicle) and the weight of the trailer being towed (including the cargo in the trailer).

■ GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating)

The maximum allowable gross vehicle weight. The gross vehicle weight is the total weight of the vehicle. When towing a trailer, it is the sum of the vehicle weight (including the occupants, cargo and any optional equipment installed on the vehicle) and the tongue weight.

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■ GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating)

Front GAWR

Rear GAWR

The maximum allowable gross axle weight. The gross axle weight is the load placed on each axle (front and rear).

■ TWR (Trailer Weight Rating)

(With brakes)

The maximum allowable gross trailer weight. The gross trailer weight is the sum of the trailer weight and the weight of the cargo in the trailer. TWR is calculated assuming base vehicle with one driver, one front passenger, towing package (if available), hitch and hitch sys- tems (if required).

Additional optional equipment, passengers and cargo in the vehi- cle will reduce the trailer weight rating so as not to exceed GCWR, GVWR and GAWR. If the gross trailer weight exceeds 3000 lb. (1360 kg), it is recom- mended to use a trailer with 2 or more axles.

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2-5. Driving information

■ Unbraked TWR (Unbraked Trailer Weight Rating) (Without brakes)

The trailer weight rating for tow- ing a trailer without a trailer ser- vice brake system.

■ Tongue Weight

The load placed on the trailer hitch ball. (→P. 232)

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2-5. Driving information

Weight limits

● The gross trailer weight must never exceed the TWR described in

the table. (→P. 228, 551)

● The gross combination weight must never exceed the GCWR

described in the table. (→P. 228) Regular Cab models and Double Cab models

● The gross vehicle weight must never exceed the GVWR indi- cated on the Certification Label.

● The gross axle weight on each axle must never exceed the GAWR indicated on the Certi- fication Label.

Access Cab models

● If the gross trailer weight is over the unbraked TWR, trailer service

brakes are required.

● If the gross trailer weight is over 2000 lb. (905 kg), a sway control

device with sufficient capacity is required.

● If the gross trailer weight is over 5000 lb. (2265 kg), a weight dis-

tributing hitch with sufficient capacity is required.

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2-5. Driving information

GCWR, TWR, Unbraked TWR, Fifth wheel and Gooseneck towing TWR

Confirm that the gross trailer weight, gross combination weight, gross vehicle weight, gross axle weight and tongue weight are all within the limits. ■ GCWR* and TWR* Regular Cab models

Model code*1

Engine

TRN220L- TRMDKA TRN220L- TRPDKA TRN240L- TRMDKA TRN240L- TRPDKA

2.7 L

4-cylinder (2TR-FE) engine

Driving system

2WD

4WD

GCWR

TWR

7150 lb. (3240 kg) 7170 lb. (3250 kg) 7530 lb. (3415 kg) 7580 lb. (3435 kg)

3500 lb. (1585 kg)

*: These models meet the tow-vehicle trailering requirement of SAE

International per SAE J2807.

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Access Cab models

Model code*1

Engine

Driving system

2WD

4WD

2WD

2.7 L

4-cylinder (2TR-FE) engine

4WD

4.0 L V6 (1GR-FE) engine

2WD

TRN225L- CRMDKA TRN225L- CRPDKA TRN245L- CRMDKA TRN245L- CRPDKA TRN265L- CRPDKA GRN225L- CRFDKA

GRN245L- CRADKA

GRN245L- CRFDKA

GRN265L- CRADKA

2-5. Driving information

GCWR

TWR

7440 lb. (3370 kg) 7470 lb. (3385 kg) 7850 lb. (3560 kg) 7870 lb. (3565 kg) 7630 lb. (3460 kg) 7460 lb. (3380 kg) 7960 lb. (3610 kg)*2
11090 lb. (5030 kg)*3
7920 lb. (3590 kg)*2
11060 lb. (5015 kg)*3
7720 lb. (3500 kg)*2
10850 lb. (4920 kg)*3

3500 lb. (1585 kg)

3300 lb. (1495 kg) 3500 lb. (1585 kg)*2
6500 lb. (2945 kg)*3
3500 lb. (1585 kg)*2
6500 lb. (2945 kg)*3
3500 lb. (1585 kg)*2
6500 lb. (2945 kg)*3

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Driving system

2WD

2.7 L

4-cylinder (2TR-FE) engine

4.0 L V6 (1GR-FE) engine

4WD

GCWR

TWR

7450 lb. (3375 kg) 7710 lb. (3495 kg) 8040 lb. (3645 kg)*2
11170 lb. (5065 kg)*3
8010 lb. (3630 kg)*2
11150 lb. (5055 kg)*3
8100 lb. (3670 kg)*2
11140 lb. (5050 kg)*3

3400 lb. (1540 kg) 3500 lb. (1585 kg) 3500 lb. (1585 kg)*2
6500 lb. (2945 kg)*3
3500 lb. (1585 kg)*2
6500 lb. (2945 kg)*3
3500 lb. (1585 kg)*2
6400 lb. (2900 kg)*3

2-5. Driving information

Double Cab models

Model code*1

Engine

TRN225L- PRPDKA TRN265L- PRPDKA

GRN245L- PRADKA

GRN245L- PRFDKA

GRN250L- PRADKA

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2-5. Driving information

Model code*1

Engine

Driving system

GCWR

TWR

GRN265L- PRADKA

GRN270L- PRADKA

4.0 L V6 (1GR-FE) engine

2WD

7800 lb. (3535 kg)*2
10940 lb. (4960 kg)*3
7890 lb. (3575 kg)*2
11020 lb. (4995 kg)*3

3500 lb. (1585 kg)*2
6500 lb. (2945 kg)*3
3500 lb. (1585 kg)*2
6500 lb. (2945 kg)*3

*1: The model code is indicated on the Certification Label. (→P. 227, 553) *2: Without towing package *3: With towing package ■ Unbraked TWR* 1000 lb. (450 kg)

■ Fifth wheel and gooseneck towing TWR*

Toyota does not recommend fifth wheel and gooseneck towing.

*: These models meet the tow-vehicle trailering requirement of SAE

International per SAE J2807.

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2-5. Driving information

Trailer Tongue Weight

● A recommended tongue weight varies in accordance with the types

of trailers or towing as described below.

● To ensure the recommended values shown below, the trailer must

be loaded by referring to the following instructions. • Tongue Weight

The gross trailer weight should be distributed so that the tongue weight is 9% to 11%. (Tongue weight /Gross trailer weight x 100
= 9% to 11%)

Gross trailer weight Tongue weight

If using a weight distributing hitch when towing, return the front axle to the same weight as before the trailer connection. If front axle weight cannot be measured directly, measure the front fender height above the front axle before connection. Adjust weight distributing hitch torque until front fender is returned to the same height as before connection. The gross trailer weight, gross axle weight and tongue weight can be measured with platform scales found at a highway weighing station, building supply company, trucking company, junk yard, etc.

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2-5. Driving information

Hitch

Trailer hitch assemblies have different weight capacities. Toyota rec- ommends the use of Toyota hitch/bracket for your vehicle. For details, contact your Toyota dealer. ● If you wish to install a trailer hitch, contact your Toyota dealer. ● Use only a hitch that conforms to the gross trailer weight require-

ment of your vehicle.

● Follow the directions supplied by the hitch manufacturer. ● Lubricate the hitch ball with a light coating of grease. ● Remove the trailer hitch whenever you are not towing a trailer. After removing the hitch, seal any mounting hole in the vehicle body to prevent entry of any substances into the vehicle.

Bumper towing (vehicles with steel bumper only)

The rear bumper of your vehicle is equipped with a hole to install a trailer ball. If you have any questions, contact your Toyota dealer.

The gross trailer weight (trailer weight plus cargo weight) when towing with the bumper must never exceed the TWR (→P. 228, 551) or 3500 lb. (1585 kg) which- ever is lower.

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2-5. Driving information

Selecting trailer ball

Use the correct trailer ball for your application.

Trailer ball load rating Matches or exceeds the gross trailer weight rating of the trailer. Ball diameter Matches the size of the trailer coupler. Most couplers are stamped with the required trailer ball size.

Trailer class

Typical trailer ball size

IV

2 5/16 in.

II and III

2 in.

1 7/8 in.

Shank length Protrudes beyond the bottom of the lock washer and nut by at least 2 threads. Shank diameter Matches diameter size.

the ball mount hole

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2-5. Driving information

Positions for towing hitch receiver and hitch ball

Weight carrying ball position: 56.1 in. (1425 mm) Hitch receiver pin hole posi- tion: 44.2 in. (1123 mm)

Connecting trailer lights

Vehicles with 7 pin connector

Use the wire harness stored in the rear end under the vehicle body.

Vehicles without 7 pin connector Please consult your dealer when installing trailer lights, as incor- rect installation may cause damage to the vehicle’s lights. Please take care to comply with your state’s laws when installing trailer lights.

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2-5. Driving information

■Service connector for towing brake controller (vehicles with 7 pin con-

nector)

Your vehicle is equipped with a service connector for the trailer brake controller as shown.

Trailer towing tips

Your vehicle will handle differently when towing a trailer. Help to avoid an accident, death or serious injury, keep the following in mind when towing: ● Speed limits for towing a trailer vary by state or province. Do not

exceed the posted towing speed limit.

● Toyota recommends that the vehicle-trailer speed limit is 65 mph (104 km/h) on a flat, straight, dry road. Do not exceed this limit, the posted towing speed limit or the speed limit for your trailer as set forth in your trailer owner’s manual, whichever is lowest. Instability of the towing vehicle-trailer combination (trailer sway) increases as speed increases. Exceeding speed limits may cause loss of con- trol.

● Before starting out, check the trailer lights, tires and the vehicle-

trailer connections. Recheck after driving a short distance.

● Practice turning, stopping and reversing with the trailer attached in an area away from traffic until you become accustomed to the feel of the vehicle-trailer combination.

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2-5. Driving information

● Reversing with a trailer attached is difficult and requires practice. Grip the bottom of the steering wheel and move your hand to the left to move the trailer to the left. Move your hand to the right to move the trailer to the right. (This is generally opposite to reversing without a trailer attached.) Avoid sharp or prolonged turning. Have someone guide you when reversing to reduce the risk of an acci- dent.

● As stopping distance is increased when towing a trailer, vehicle-to- vehicle distance should be increased. For each 10 mph (16 km/h) of speed, allow at least one vehicle and trailer length.

● Avoid sudden braking as you may skid, resulting in the trailer jack- knifing and a loss of vehicle control. This is especially true on wet or slippery surfaces.

● Avoid jerky starts or sudden acceleration. ● Avoid jerky steering and sharp turns, and slow down before mak-

ing a turn.

● Note that when making a turn, the trailer wheels will be closer than the vehicle wheels to the inside of the turn. Compensate by making a wider than normal turning radius.

● Slow down before making a turn, in cross winds, on wet or slippery

surfaces, etc. Increasing vehicle speed can destabilize the trailer.

● Take care when passing other vehicles. Passing requires consider- able distance. After passing a vehicle, do not forget the length of your trailer, and be sure you have plenty of room before changing lanes.

● To maintain engine braking efficiency and charging system perfor- mance when using engine braking, do not use fifth gear (5-speed manual transmission), sixth gear (6-speed manual transmission), or do not put the transmission in D (automatic transmission).

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2-5. Driving information

● Instability happens more frequently when descending steep or long downhill grades. Before descending, slow down and downshift. Do not make sudden downshifts while descending steep or long down- hill grades.

● Avoid holding the brake pedal down too long or applying the brakes too frequently. This could cause the brakes to overheat and result in reduced braking efficiency.

● Due to the added load of the trailer, your vehicle’s engine may overheat on hot days (at temperatures over 85°F [30°C]) when driving up a long or steep grade. If the engine coolant temperature gauge indicates overheating, immediately turn off the air condition- ing (if in use), pull your vehicle off the road and stop in a safe spot. (→P. 539)

● Always place wheel blocks under both the vehicle’s and the trailer’s wheels when parking. Apply the parking brake firmly, and put the transmission in P (automatic transmission) or in 1 or R (manual transmission). Avoid parking on a slope, but if unavoid- able, do so only after performing the following: Apply the brakes and keep them applied. Have someone place wheel blocks under both the vehicle’s and trailer’s wheels. When the wheel blocks are in place, release the brakes slowly until the blocks absorb the load. Apply the parking brake firmly. Shift into P (automatic transmission) or 1 or R (manual trans- mission) and turn off the engine.

● When restarting after parking on a slope:

With the transmission in P (automatic transmission) or the clutch pedal (manual transmission) depressed, start the engine. On vehicles with an automatic transmission, be sure to keep the brake pedal depressed. Shift into a forward gear. If reversing, shift into R.

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2-5. Driving information

Release the parking brake (and also the brake pedal on vehi- cles with an automatic transmission), and slowly pull or back away from the wheel blocks. Stop and apply the brakes. Have someone retrieve the blocks.

■Matching trailer ball height to trailer coupler height

No matter which class of tow hitch applies, for a more safe trailer hookup, the trailer ball setup must be the proper height for the coupler on the trailer.

Coupler Trailer ball

■Before towing

Check that the following conditions are met: ●Ensure that your vehicle’s tires are properly inflated. (→P. 564) ●Trailer tires are inflated according to the trailer manufacturer’s recom-

mendation.

●All trailer lights work as required by law. ●All lights work each time you connect them. ●The trailer ball is set at the proper height for the coupler on the trailer. ●The vehicle remains level when a loaded or unloaded trailer is hitched. Do not drive if the vehicle is not level, and check for improper tongue weight, overloading, worn suspension, or other possible causes.

●The trailer cargo is securely loaded.

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2-5. Driving information

●The rear view mirrors conform to all applicable federal, state/provincial or local regulations. If they do not, install rear view mirrors appropriate for towing purposes. ■Break-in schedule

If your vehicle is new or equipped with any new power train components (such as an engine, transmission, differential or wheel bearing), Toyota rec- ommends that you do not tow a trailer until the vehicle has been driven for over 500 miles (800 km). After the vehicle has been driven for over 500 miles (800 km), you can start towing. However, for the next 500 miles (800 km), drive the vehicle at a speed of less than 50 mph (80 km/h) when towing a trailer, and avoid full throttle acceleration.

■Maintenance

●If you tow a trailer, your vehicle will require more frequent maintenance due to the additional load. (See “Owner’s Warranty Information Booklet” or “Scheduled Maintenance Guide/Owner’s Manual Supplement”.)

●Retighten the fixing bolts of the towing ball and bracket after approxi-

mately 600 miles (1000 km) of trailer towing.

■If trailer sway occurs

One or more factors (crosswinds, passing vehicles, rough roads, etc.) can adversely affect handling of your vehicle and trailer, causing instability. ●If trailer swaying occurs:

• Firmly grip the steering wheel. Steer straight ahead.

Do not try to control trailer swaying by turning the steering wheel.

• Begin releasing the accelerator pedal immediately but very gradually to

reduce speed. Do not increase speed. Do not apply vehicle brakes.

If you make no extreme correction with the steering or brakes, your vehicle and trailer should stabilize. (if enabled, Trailer Sway Control can also help to stabilize the vehicle and trailer.)

240

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2-5. Driving information

●After the trailer swaying has stopped:

• Stop in a safe place. Get all occupants out of the vehicle. • Check the tires of the vehicle and the trailer. • Check the load in the trailer.

Make sure the load has not shifted. Make sure the tongue weight is appropriate, if possible.

• Check the load in the vehicle.

Make sure the vehicle is not overloaded after occupants get in.

If you cannot find any problems, the speed at which trailer swaying occurred is beyond the limit of your particular vehicle-trailer combination. Drive at a lower speed to prevent instability. Remember that swaying of the towing vehicle-trailer increases as speed increases.

CAUTION

■Trailer towing precautions

To tow a trailer safely, use extreme care and drive the vehicle in accordance with the trailer’s characteristics and operating conditions. Failure to do so could cause an accident resulting in death or serious injury. Vehicle stability and braking performance are affected by trailer stability, brake setting and performance, and the hitch. Your vehicle will handle differently when towing a trailer.

■To avoid accident or injury

●Do not exceed the TWR, unbraked TWR, GCWR, GVWR or GAWR. ●If the gross trailer weight is over 2000 lb. (905 kg), a sway control device

with sufficient capacity is required.

●If the gross trailer weight is over 5000 lb. (2265 kg), a weight distributing

hitch with sufficient capacity is required.

●Adjust the tongue weight within the appropriate range. Place heavier loads

as close to the trailer axle as possible.

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2-5. Driving information

CAUTION

■To avoid accident or injury

●Do not exceed 65 mph (104 km/h), the posted towing speed limit or the speed limit for your trailer as set forth in your trailer owner’s manual, whichever is lowest. Slow down sufficiently before making a turn, in cross winds, on wet or slippery surface, etc. to help avoid an accident. If you experience a vehicle-trailer instability from reducing a certain speed, slow down and make sure you keep your vehicle speed under the speed of which you experience the instability.

●Do not make jerky, abrupt or sharp turns. ●Do not apply the brakes suddenly as you may skid, resulting in jackknifing and loss of vehicle control. This is especially true on wet or slippery sur- faces.

●Do not exceed the trailer hitch assembly weight, gross vehicle weight,

gross axle weight and trailer tongue weight capacities.

●Do not use cruise control when towing. ●Slow down and downshift before descending steep or long downhill grades. Do not make sudden downshifts while descending steep or long downhill grades.

●Vehicle-trailer instability is more likely on steep long downhills. Before descending steep or long downhill grades, slow down and downshift. Do not make sudden downshifts when descending steep or long downhill grades. Avoid holding the brake pedal down too long or applying the brakes too frequently. This could cause the brakes to overheat and result in reduced braking efficiency.

■Hitch

Trailer hitch assemblies have different weight capacities established by the hitch manufacturer. Even though the vehicle may be physically capable of towing a higher weight, the operator must determine the maximum weight rating of the particular hitch assembly and never exceed the maximum weight rating specified for the trailer-hitch. Exceeding the maximum weight rating set by the trailer-hitch manufacturer can cause an accident resulting in death or serious personal injuries.

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2-5. Driving information

CAUTION

■When towing a trailer

Toyota recommends trailers with brakes that conform to any applicable fed- eral and state/provincial regulations. ●If the gross trailer weight exceeds unbraked TWR, trailer brakes are required. Toyota recommends trailers with brakes that conform to all appli- cable federal and state/provincial regulations.

●Never tap into your vehicle’s hydraulic system, as this will lower the vehi-

cle’s braking effectiveness.

●Never tow a trailer without using a safety chain securely attached to both the trailer and the vehicle. If damage occurs to the coupling unit or hitch ball, there is danger of the trailer wandering into another lane.

NOTICE

■When installing a trailer hitch

Use only the position recommended by your Toyota dealer. Do not install the trailer hitch on the bumper; this may cause body damage.

■Do not directly splice trailer lights

Do not directly splice trailer lights. Directly splicing trailer lights may damage your vehicle’s electrical system and cause a malfunction.

243

2-5. Driving information Dinghy towing

Your vehicle is not designed to be dinghy towed (with 4 wheels on the ground) behind a motor home.

NOTICE

■To avoid serious damage to your vehicle

Do not tow your vehicle with four wheels on the ground.

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2-5. Driving information

245

3-1. Using the air conditioning system and defogger Air conditioning system

Temperature control dial

Fan speed control dial

Air outlet selection dial

Air conditioning ON/OFF switch

Outside air or recirculated air mode switch

Adjusting the settings

■ Adjusting the temperature setting

Turn the temperature control dial clockwise (warm) or counter- clockwise (cool).

is not pressed, the system will blow ambient temperature air or

If heated air. For quick cooling, turn the temperature control dial to the MAX A/C posi- tion. The air conditioning will automatically turn on and the air intake selector will be set to recirculated air mode.

■ Adjusting the fan speed

Turn the fan speed control dial clockwise (increase) or counter- clockwise (decrease). Set the dial to OFF to turn the fan off.

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3-1. Using the air conditioning system and defogger

■ Selecting the air outlets

Set the air outlet selection dial to an appropriate position. The positions between the air outlet selections shown below can also be selected for more detailed adjustment.

When the dial is set to flows to the upper body.