2009 Volvo S60 Owners Manual

This practice can result in vehicle per- formance deterioration and can dam- age critical parts in the fuel system. Such damage may not be covered

1 If the fuel filler cap is not closed tightly or if the engine is running when the vehicle is refueled, the Check Engine Light (malfunction indicator lamp) may indicate a fault. However, your vehicle's

performance will not be affected. Use only Volvo original or approved fuel filler caps.

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06 Starting and driving

Starting the vehicle

Starting the engine

WARNING

Before starting, check that the seat, steering wheel and mirrors are adjusted properly. Make sure the brake pedal can be depressed completely. Adjust the seat if necessary. See pages 94 and 94.

1. Fasten the seat belt. 2. Apply the parking brake (hand brake) if not already set. The gear selector (automatic transmission) is locked in the (P)ark posi- tion (SHIFTLOCK). Manual transmission: the clutch must be fully depressed.

3. Without touching the accelerator pedal, turn the ignition key1to the starting posi- tion. Allow the starter to operate for up to 10 seconds. Release the key as soon as the engine starts. If the engine fails to start, repeat this step.

NOTE

NOTE

• If the key blade section of the remote is

not fully folded out when starting the vehicle, the immobilizer function may make it impossible to start the engine.

• After a cold start, idle speed may be noticeably higher than normal for a short period. This is done to help bring components in the emission control system to their normal operating tem- perature as quickly as possible, which enables them to control emissions and help reduce the vehicle's impact on the environment.

• To release the gear selector from the P position, the engine must be running (or the ignition key must be in position II) and the brake pedal must be depressed.

• Select the desired gear. The gear

engages after a very slight delay which is especially noticeable when selecting R.

Your vehicle is equipped with a KEYLOCK system (automatic transmission). When the engine is switched off, the gear selector must be in the P position before the key can be removed from the ignition switch. When starting in cold weather, the trans- mission may shift up at slightly higher engine speeds than normal until the auto- matic transmission fluid reaches normal operating temperature.

WARNING

An extra mat on the driver's floor can cause the accelerator pedal to catch. Check that the movement of the accelerator pedal is not impeded. No more than one protective floor covering may be used at one time.

1 If two of the keys to your vehicle are close together, e.g. on the same key ring, when you try to start the vehicle, this could cause interference in the immobilizer system and result in the vehicle not

starting. If this should occur, remove one of the keys from the key ring before trying to start the vehicle again.

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Ignition switch and steering wheel lock

0 – Locked position: Remove the key to lock the steering wheelA.

I – Intermediate posi- tionB – "radio position": Certain accessories, radio, etc. on, daytime running lights off.

II – Drive position: The key position when driving. The vehicle's entire elec- trical system is con- nected.

WARNING

Always place the gear selector in Park or in reverse on models with a manual transmis- sion, and apply the parking brake before leaving the vehicle. Never leave the vehicle unattended with the engine running. Always open garage doors fully before star- ting the engine inside a garage to ensure adequate ventilation. The exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide, which is invisible and odorless but very poisonous

CAUTION

Automatic transmission The engine should be idling when you move the gear selector. Never accelerate until after you feel the transmission engage! Accelerating immediately after selecting a gear will cause harsh engagement and pre- mature transmission wear. Selecting P or N when idling at a standstill for prolonged periods of time will help pre- vent overheating of the automatic transmis- sion fluid.

Do not race a cold engine immediately after starting.

06 Starting and driving

Starting the vehicle

III – Start position: Release the key when the engine starts. The key returns automatically to the Drive position.

A chime will sound if the key is left in the ignition and the driver's door is opened.

A The gear selector must be in the P (Park) position (automatic

B Please be aware that leaving the key in this position will

transmission).

increase battery drain.

WARNING

Never turn the key to position 0 while driving or when the vehicle is being towed.

Steering wheel lock The steering wheel lock might be under tension when the vehicle is parked. Turn the steering wheel slightly to free the igni- tion key. In order to help reduce vehicle theft, make sure the steering wheel lock is engaged before leaving the vehicle.

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06 Starting and driving

Starting the vehicle

WARNING

Never switch off the ignition (turn the ignition key to position 0) or remove the key from the ignition switch while the vehicle is in motion. This could cause the steering wheel to lock, which would make the vehicle impossible to steer.

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Economical driving conserves natural resources Better driving economy may be obtained by thinking ahead, avoiding rapid starts and stops and adjusting the speed of your vehicle to immediate traffic conditions. Observe the fol- lowing rules: • Bring the engine to normal operating tem-

perature as soon as possible by driving with a light foot on the accelerator pedal for the first few minutes of operation. A cold engine uses more fuel and is subject to increased wear.

• Whenever possible, avoid using the vehicle for driving short distances. This does not allow the engine to reach normal operating temperature.

• Drive carefully and avoid rapid acceleration

and hard braking.

• Do not exceed posted speed limits. • Avoid carrying unnecessary items (extra

load) in the vehicle.

• Maintain correct tire pressure. Check tire pressure regularly (when tires are cold).

• Remove snow tires when threat of snow or

ice has ended.

• Note that roof racks, ski racks, etc,

increase air resistance and also fuel con- sumption.

• Avoid using automatic transmission kick-

down feature unless necessary.

• However, at higher driving speeds, fuel

consumption will be lower with the air con- ditioning on and the windows closed than with the air conditioning off and the win- dows open.

• Using the onboard trip computer's fuel consumption modes can help you learn how to drive more economically.

Other factors that decrease gas mileage are: • Dirty air cleaner • Dirty engine oil and clogged oil filter • Dragging brakes • Incorrect front end alignment. Some of the above mentioned items and others are checked at the standard Maintenance Service intervals.

NOTE

Vehicles equipped with automatic transmis- sions should use (D)rive as often as possible and avoid using "kickdown" to help improve fuel economy.

06 Starting and driving

Economical driving

CAUTION

Drive slowly and carefully if going through standing water (i.e. flooded roadways, etc.). Damage to the engine could result if excess water is drawn in through the air intake sys- tem. Never drive the vehicle in water deeper than 1 foot (300 mm).

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06 Starting and driving

Handling and road holding

Weight distribution affects handling At the specified curb weight your vehicle has a tendency to understeer, which means that the steering wheel has to be turned more than might seem appropriate for the curvature of a bend. This ensures good stability and reduces the risk of rear wheel skid. Remember that these properties can alter with the vehicle load. The heavier the load in the trunk (max. 220 lbs, 100 kg), the less the tendency to understeer.

Handling, roadholding Vehicle load, tire design and inflation pressure all affect vehicle handling. Therefore, check that the tires are inflated to the recommended pressure according to the vehicle load. See "Tire pressure" section. Loads should be distributed so that capacity weight or maximum permissible axle loads are not exceeded.

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CAUTION

• Engine damage will occur if water is

drawn into the air cleaner.

• If the vehicle is driven through water deeper than 9 in (25 cm), water may enter the differential and the transmis- sion. This reduces the oil's lubricating capacity and may shorten the service life of these components.

• Do not allow the vehicle to stand in water up to the door sills longer than absolutely necessary. This could result in electrical malfunctions.

• If the engine has been stopped while the car is in water, do not attempt to restart the engine. Have the car towed out of the water.

Speed-sensitive power steering (Option on certain models) With this feature, the steering is most respon- sive at lower speeds to make parking, driving in city traffic, etc., easier. The effect of the power steering diminishes as you accelerate for greater stability at highway speeds.

Driving through water The vehicle can be driven through water up to a depth of approximately 9 in. (25 cm), at a maximum speed of 6 mph (10 km/h). Take particular care when driving through flow- ing water. Clean the electrical connections for trailer wir- ing after driving in mud or water. When driving through water, maintain low speed and do not stop in the water.

WARNING

After driving through water, press lightly on the brake pedal to ensure that the brakes are functioning normally. Water or mud can make the brake linings slippery, resulting in delayed braking effect.

06 Starting and driving

Manual transmission

6-speed manual transmission (option on certain models)

WARNING

An extra mat on the driver's floor can cause the accelerator pedal and/or the clutch pedal to catch. Check that the movement of these pedals is not impeded. Not more than one protective floor covering may be used at one time.

Engaging reverse gear Never engage R while the vehicle is moving.

CAUTION

Be careful to avoid inadvertently engaging reverse while moving forward.

Depress the clutch pedal completely when changing gears1. Remove your foot from the clutch pedal while driving. The shift pattern should be followed. Fifth and sixth gears should be used as often as possible to help improve fuel economy.

1 Clutch interlockThe clutch must be fully depressed before you can start your vehicle. If the clutch is not depressed, it will not be possible to start the engine.

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06 Starting and driving

Automatic transmission (option)

P (Park)

Use this position when starting the engine or parking the vehicle.

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CAUTION

The vehicle must be stationary when posi- tion P is selected.

The parking brake should be set whenever the vehicle is parked. The gear selector is mechanically locked in the P position (SHIFTLOCK). To release the gear selector from this position, the engine must be running (or the ignition key must be in posi- tion II) and the brake pedal must be depressed.

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WARNING

Never leave the vehicle unattended when the engine is running. If, by mistake, the gear selector is moved from P, the vehicle may start moving.

3 (Intermediate gear) The transmission will shift automatically between gears 3, 2 and 1 from this position. The transmission cannot shift up to fourth gear or D from third gear.

L (Low gears) The transmission is locked in gears 1 and 2
when the selector is in this position.

NOTE

Gears 4, 3, or L can be used if you are driv- ing in a mountainous area, towing a trailer or to increase engine braking effect. The transmission has a built-in limiter designed to help prevent excessive engine speeds (high rpm) when gears 4, 3, or L are selected.

R (Reverse) Never engage R while the vehicle is moving.

N (Neutral) Neutral - no gear engaged. Use the parking brake.

D (Drive) D is the normal driving position and should be used as often as possible to help improve fuel economy. The vehicle should not be moving when shifting from R to the D position.

4 (Intermediate gear) The transmission will shift automatically between gears 4, 3, 2 or 1 from this position. The transmission cannot shift up to D from fourth gear.

W - Winter/Wet driving mode - enhanced vehicle traction

Shift gate positions

The gear selector can be moved freely between N and D. Depressing the button on the front of the gear selector knob enables you to move the gear selector to positions P, R, N, D, 4, 3 and L .

Press the button at the base of the gear selec- tor to engage/disengage this driving mode (see illustration). The W symbol will appear in the display (see page 50) when the function is acti- vated. This mode may be selected for starting/moving off on slippery roads. The vehicle starts off in 3rd gear to help maintain traction. First and second gears will only be used during kick- down.

06 Starting and driving

Automatic transmission (option)

"Kickdown" Automatic shift to a lower gear (kickdown) is achieved by depressing the accelerator pedal fully and briskly. An upshift will occur when approaching the top speed for a particular gear or by releasing the accelerator pedal slightly. Kickdown can be used for maximum acceler- ation or when passing at highway speeds.

Cold starts When driving before the engine has reached its normal operating temperature, the transmis- sion will shift up at slightly higher engine speeds to heat the three-way catalytic con- verter as quickly as possible.

Automatic transmission - adaptive system The automatic transmission is controlled by an adaptive control system that constantly moni- tors the way in which the transmission func- tions. It senses and adapts each gear shift for optimal performance.

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06 Starting and driving

Automatic transmission (option)

Geartronic

running (or the ignition key must be in posi- tion II) and the brake pedal must be depressed.

Manual shifting

WARNING

Never leave the vehicle unattended when the engine is running. If, by mistake, the gear selector is moved from P, the vehicle may start moving.

R (Reverse) Never engage R while the vehicle is moving.

N (Neutral) Neutral - no gear engaged. Use the parking brake.

D (Drive) D is the normal driving position and should be used as often as possible to help improve fuel economy. The vehicle should not be moving when shifting from R to the D position.

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P (Park) Use this position when starting the engine or parking the vehicle.

CAUTION

The vehicle must be stationary when posi- tion P is selected.

The parking brake should also be set whenever the vehicle is parked. The gear selector is mechanically locked in the P position (SHIFTLOCK). To release the gear selector from this position, the engine must be

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Shift gate positions You can move the gear selector freely between the MAN and D positions to select forward gears while driving. Gears 3, 4, 5, and 6 (where applicable) have a "lock-up" function which reduces engine speed and helps save fuel. Depress the button on the front of the gear selector knob to move between the R, N, D, and P positions.

NOTE

Reverse, Neutral, and Park cannot be selected in Geartronic mode.

The currently selected gear will be displayed in the instrument panel (see page 50). • To access the MAN shifting position from

D, move the gear selector to the left to MAN.

• To return to the D position from MAN,

move the gear selector to the right.

While driving If you select the MAN position while driving, the gear that was being used in the D position will also initially be selected in MAN position. • Move the gear selector forward (toward "+") to shift to a higher gear or rearward (toward "–") to shift to a lower gear.

• If you hold the gear selector toward "–", the transmission will downshift one gear and will utilize the braking power of the engine. If the current speed is too high for using a lower gear, the downshift will not occur until the speed has decreased enough to allow the lower gear to be used.

• If you slow down to a very low speed, the transmission will automatically shift down.

• When starting in the MAN position, 3rd

gear is the highest gear that may be selected.

NOTE

Kickdown does not function when the trans- mission is in the manual shift (Geartronic) mode.The gear selector must be in the D position.

Kickdown Automatic shift to a lower gear (kickdown) is achieved by depressing the accelerator pedal fully and briskly. An upshift will occur when approaching the top speed for a particular gear or by releasing the accelerator pedal slightly. Kickdown can be used for maximum acceler- ation or when passing at highway speeds. Kickdown does not function when the trans- mission is in the manual shift (Geartronic) mode.

W - Winter/Wet driving mode - enhanced vehicle traction Please refer to the information on page 131.

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Automatic transmission (option)

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Temporary Spare The temporary spare tire is for temporary, low- speed, short-distance use only. Replace it with a full-sized tire as soon as possible. Do not drive on the temporary spare at speeds above 50 mph (80 km/h) or for distances greater than 50 miles (80 km). Never install snow chains on a temporary spare.

06 Starting and driving

All Wheel Drive (option)

All Wheel Drive (AWD) - general information Your Volvo can be equipped with permanent All Wheel Drive, which means that power is distributed automatically between the front and rear wheels. Under normal driving condi- tions, most engine's power is directed to the front wheels. However, if there is any tendency for the front wheels to spin, an electronically controlled coupling distributes power to the wheels that have the best traction.

Tire dimensions Volvo recommends that you always drive on tires of the same brand, size, construction (radial), tread pattern, load-, speed-, traction-, temperature-, and treadwear rating. Never drive on mixed tires, except for brief periods when the temporary spare tire is in use. Always use properly inflated tires of correct dimensions. Tire size and inflation pressures are shown on the tire inflation pressure plac- ards, located on the driver's side B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening), or on the inside of the fuel filler door on Canadian mod- els.

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NOTE

When the vehicle is at a standstill and the engine is idling, e.g. at a traffic light and the brake pedal is depressed, the pedal may go down slightly. This is a normal function of the power-assisted brake system.

Power brakes function only when the engine is running The power brakes utilize vacuum pressure which is only created when the engine is run- ning. Never let the vehicle roll to a stop with the engine switched off. If the power brakes are not working, the brake pedal must be pressed approximately four times harder than usual to make up for the lack of power assistance. This can happen for example when towing your vehicle or if the engine is switched off when the vehicle is roll- ing. The brake pedal feels harder than usual.

BRAKE Brake circuit malfunction The brake system is a hydraulic system con- sisting of two master cylinders and two sepa- rate brake circuits. If a problem should occur in one of these circuits, it is still possible to stop the vehicle with the other brake circuit. If the brake pedal must be depressed farther than normal and requires greater foot pressure, the stopping distance will be longer. A warning light in the instrument panel will light up to warn the driver that a fault has occurred. If this light comes on while driving or braking, stop immediately and check the brake fluid level in the reservoir.

NOTE

Press the brake pedal hard and maintain pressure on the pedal – do not pump the brakes.

WARNING

If the fluid level is below the MIN mark in the reservoir or if a Brake failure – Service urgent message is displayed in the text window: DO NOT DRIVE. Have the vehicle towed to a trained and qualified Volvo serv- ice technician and have the brake system inspected.

06 Starting and driving

Brake system

Water on brake discs and brake pads affects braking Driving in rain and slush or passing through an automatic car wash can cause water to collect on the brake discs and pads. This will cause a delay in braking effect when the pedal is depressed. To avoid such a delay when the brakes are needed, depress the pedal occa- sionally when driving through rain, slush etc. This will remove the water from the brakes. Check that brake application feels normal. This should also be done after washing or starting in very damp or cold weather.

Severe strain on the brake system The brakes will be subject to severe strain when driving in mountains or hilly areas or tow- ing. Vehicle speed is usually slower, which means that the cooling of the brakes is less efficient than when driving on level roads. To reduce the strain on the brakes, shift into a lower gear and let the engine help with the braking. Do not forget that, if you are towing a trailer, the brakes will be subjected to a greater than normal load.

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06 Starting and driving

Brake system

Anti-lock brakes (ABS)

If the warning lamp lights up there is a malfunction of the ABS system (the standard braking system will however function) and the vehicle should be driven cautiously to a

trained and qualified Volvo service technician for inspection. The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) helps to improve vehicle control (stop- ping and steering) during severe braking con- ditions by limiting brake lockup. When the system "senses" impending lockup, braking pressure is automatically modulated in order to help prevent lockup, which could lead to a skid. The system performs a self-diagnostic test when the engine is started and when the vehicle first reaches a speed of approxi- mately 12 mph (20 km/h). The brake pedal will pulsate several times and a sound may be audible from the ABS control module. This is normal. To obtain optimal effect from the ABS system, constant pressure should be kept on the brake pedal. Do not pump the brake pedal. The switching of the ABS modulator will be audible and the brake pedal will pulsate during braking. Please be aware that ABS does not increase the absolute braking potential of the vehicle. While control will be enhanced, ABS

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4.

5.

If both lights are still on after the engine has been restarted, switch off the engine again and check the brake fluid level (see page 193 for the location of the brake fluid reservoir). If the brake fluid level is above the MIN mark, drive carefully to a trained and quali- fied Volvo service technician and have the brake system inspected.

Emergency Brake Assistance (EBA) The EBA function is designed to provide full brake effect immediately in the event of sud- den, hard braking. The system is activated by the speed with which you depress the brake pedal.

will not shorten stopping distances on slippery surfaces.

ABS with EBD (Electronic Brake Force Distribution) EBD is an integrated part of the ABS system. EBD regulates the hydraulic pressure to the rear brakes to help provide optimal braking capacity. The brake pedal will pulsate during braking, which is normal. If the BRAKE and ABS warning lights come on at the same time, this could indicate a fault in the brake system. 1. Stop the vehicle in a suitable place and

switch off the engine.

2. Restart the engine. 3.

If both warning lights go off, no further action is required.

WARNING

If the fluid level is below the MIN mark in the reservoir or if a "Brake failure - Service urgent" message is displayed in the text window: DO NOT DRIVE. Have the vehicle towed to a trained and qualified Volvo serv- ice technician and have the brake system inspected.

NOTE

• When the EBA system is activated, the brake pedal will go down and pressure in the brake system immediately increa- ses to the maximum level. You must maintain full pressure on the brake pedal in order to utilize the system com- pletely. There will be no braking effect if the pedal is released. EBA is automati- cally deactivated when the brake pedal is released.

• When the vehicle has been parked for some time, the brake pedal may sink more than usual when the engine is started. This is normal and the pedal will return to its usual position when it is released.

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Brake system

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06 Starting and driving

Stability system

Dynamic Stability Traction Control (DSTC) The stability system consists of a number of functions designed help reduce wheel spin, counteract skidding, and to generally help improve directional stability.

NOTE

A pulsating sound will be audible when the system is actively operating and is normal.

Traction control (TC) This function is designed to help reduce wheel spin by transferring power from a drive wheel that begins to lose traction to the wheel on the opposite side of the vehicle (on the same axle). TC is most active at low speeds. This is one of the DSTC's permanent functions and cannot be switched off.

Spin control (SC) The spin control function is designed to help prevent the drive wheels from spinning while the vehicle is accelerating. Under certain circumstances, such as when driving with snow chains, or driving in deep snow or loose sand, it may be advisable to temporarily switch off this function for maxi- mum tractive force.

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Temporarily switching off Spin control 1. Turn the thumb wheel (2) on the left-side steering wheel lever until the DSTC menu is displayed.

2. Hold down the RESET button (1) to toggle

between DSTC SPIN CONTROL ON or OFF.

Active Yaw Control (AYC) This function helps maintain directional stabil- ity, for example when cornering, by braking one or more of the wheels if the vehicle shows a tendency to skid or slide laterally.)

WARNING

Controls on the left-side steering wheel lever

The car's handling and stability characteris- tics will be altered if the DSTC system func- tions have been disabled.

NOTE

• The message DSTC SPIN CONTROL

OFF indicates that the stability sys- tem's spin control function has tempo- rarily been switched off.

• The stability control indicator light will illuminate and remain on until spin con- trol has been reactivated.

• DSTC ON indicates that all system

functions are active.

• The spin control function is automati- cally enabled each time the engine is started.

Symbols in the instrument panel

4.

DSTC-related messages in the text window • "TRACTION CONTROL TEMPORARILY OFF" - The system has been temporarily switched off due to high brake temperature and will automatically switch on again when the brakes have cooled.

• "ANTI SKID SERVICE REQUIRED" - the

system has been automatically disen- gaged due to a fault. A trained and qualified Volvo service technician should check the system.

The Stability Control indicator light

This light indicates different condi- tions, depending on how it illumi- nates.

The Stability Control indicator light illuminates for approximately 2 seconds This indicates that the system is performing a self-diagnostic test when the ignition is switched on. The Stability Control indicator light flashes This indicates that the stability system is actively functioning to help counteract wheel spin and/or a skid.

The Stability Control indicator light glows steadily "ANTI SKID SERVICE REQUIRED" will be displayed in the text window at the same time. A fault is indicated in the stability system. 1. Stop the vehicle in a safe place and switch

off the engine.

2. Restart the engine. 3.

If the indicator light goes out, the fault was temporary and no further action is required. If the indicator light remains on, drive to an authorized Volvo workshop as soon as possible to have the system checked.

The Stability Control indicator light glows steadily If "DSTC SPIN CONTROL OFF" is displayed in the text window at the same time, this is a reminder that spin control has been disabled by the driver. The warning symbol

The warning symbol glows steadily yellow

06 Starting and driving

Stability system

The system has been temporarily switched off due to high brake temperature. "TRACTION CONTROL TEMPORARILY OFF" will be dis- played. The system will automatically switch on again when the brakes have cooled.

WARNING

The stability system is intended to help improve driving safety. It supplements, but can never replace, the driver's judgement and responsibility when operating the vehi- cle. Speed and driving style should always be adapted to traffic and road conditions.

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06 Starting and driving

Towing

Emergency towing

Front towing eyelet The towing eyelet is located in the tool bag, under the floor of the trunk, with the spare tire. This eyelet must be screwed into the positions provided on the right sides of either the front or rear bumper (B, see illustrations).

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To attach the towing eyelet: A. Use a coin to pry open the lower edge of

the cover (A)1.

B. Screw the towing eyelet (C) in place, first by hand and then using the tire iron until it is securely in place.

After the vehicle has been towed, the eyelet should be removed and returned to the tool bag. Press the cover back into position.

Precautions when the vehicle is in tow • The steering wheel must be unlocked. Turn

the ignition key to position I or II.

• The gear selector must be in position N. • Maximum speed: 50 mph (80 km/h). Do not

exceed the maximum allowable towing speed.

• Maximum distance with front wheels on

ground: 50 miles (80 km).

• While the vehicle is being towed, try to

keep the tow rope taut at all times.

• The vehicle should only be towed in for-

ward direction.

WARNING

Do not use the towing eyelets to pull the vehicle up onto a flat bed tow truck.

Rear towing eyelet

1 The opening in the cover may vary.

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CAUTION

WARNING

CAUTION

06 Starting and driving

Towing

• Please check with state and local

authorities before attempting this type of towing, as vehicles being towed are subject to regulations regarding maxi- mum towing speed, length and type of towing device, lighting, etc.

• If the vehicle's battery is dead, do not attempt to start the vehicle by pushing or pulling it as this will damage the three-way catalytic converter(s). The engine must be jump started using an auxiliary battery (see page 142).

• If the vehicle is being towed on a flat bed

truck, the towing eyelets must not be used to secure the vehicle on the flat bed. Consult the tow truck operator.

• Sling-type equipment applied at the

front will damage radiator and air con- ditioning lines.

• It is equally important not to use sling- type equipment at the rear or apply lift- ing equipment inside the rear wheels; serious damage to the rear axle may result.

• If the vehicle is being towed on a flat bed

truck, the towing eyelets must not be used to secure the vehicle on the flat bed. Consult the tow truck operator.

WARNING

Do not use the towing eyelets to pull the vehicle up onto a flat bed tow truck.

• Remember that the power brakes and power steering will not function when engine is not running. The braking and steering systems will function but the brake pedal pressure required is 3 – 4 times above normal and greater steering effort must be exerted.

• The towing eyelets must not be used for pulling another vehicle out of a ditch or for any similar purpose involving severe strain.

• Do not use the towing eyelets to pull the

vehicle up onto a flat bed tow truck.

Towing vehicles with front wheel drive/ All Wheel Drive Volvo recommends the use of flat bed equip- ment. If wheel lift equipment must be used, please use extreme caution to help avoid damage to the vehicle. In this case, the vehicle should be towed with the rear wheels on the ground if at all possible. If it is absolutely necessary to tow the vehicle with the front wheels on the ground, please refer to the towing information on the previous page.

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06 Starting and driving

Jump starting

Jump starting

Follow these instructions to jump start your vehicle's dead battery or to jump start another vehicle's dead battery using your vehicle. Although your vehicle's battery is located under the floor of the trunk, jumper cables should be connected in the engine compart- ment, to the points shown in the illustrations. If the 12-volt auxiliary battery to be used is in another vehicle, check that the vehicles are not touching to prevent premature completion of a circuit. Be sure to follow jump starting instruc- tions provided for the other vehicle.

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WARNING

• Do not connect the jumper cable to any part of the fuel system or to any moving parts. Avoid touching hot manifolds.

• Never expose the battery to open flame

or electric spark.

• Do not smoke near the battery. • Batteries generate hydrogen gas, which

is flammable and explosive.

• Battery fluid contains sulfuric acid. Do not allow battery fluid to contact eyes, skin, fabrics or painted surfaces. If con- tact occurs, flush the affected area immediately with water. Obtain medical help immediately if eyes are affected.

• Failure to follow the instructions for jump starting can lead to personal injury.

To jump start your vehicle: 1. Switch off the ignition. 2. First connect the auxiliary battery positive (+) terminal (1) to the positive (+) terminal in your vehicle's engine compartment (2), located under a small black plastic cover attached to the fuse box cover, marked with a "+" sign. Remove the cover on the main fuse box if necessary to access this terminal. Then connect the auxiliary bat- tery's negative (–) terminal (3) to the ground point in your vehicle's engine compartment (4).

3. Start the engine in the assisting vehicle, then start the engine in the vehicle with dead battery.

4. After the engine has started, first remove

the negative (–) terminal jumper cable. Then remove the positive (+) terminal jumper cable.

WARNING

PROPOSITION 65 WARNING! Battery posts, terminals, and related acces- sories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.

Volvo recommends the use of Volvo trailer hitches that are specially designed for the vehi- cle. • Maximum trailer weight recommended by Volvo is: Trailers without brakes: 1650 lbs (750 kg) Trailers with brakes: 2" (50 mm) ball - 3300 lbs* (1500 kg), 1 7/8 " (47 mm) ball - 2000 lbs (900 kg). Observe the legal requirements of the state/province in which the vehicles are

• All Volvo models are equipped with

energy-absorbing shock-mounted bump- ers. Trailer hitch installation should not interfere with the proper operation of this bumper system.

Trailer towing does not normally present any particular problems, but take into considera- tion: • Increase tire pressure to recommended

full. See section "Wheels and tires."

• When your vehicle is new, avoid towing heavy trailers during the first 620 miles (1000 km).

• Recommended hitch tongue load is: Trailer

weights below 2,650 lbs (1,200 kg) - 110 lbs (50 kg) Trailer weights above 2,650 lbs (1,200 kg) - 165 lbs (75 kg)

• Maximum speed when towing a trailer:

50 mph (80 km/h).

• Engine and transmission are subject to

increased loads. Therefore, engine coolant temperature should be closely watched when driving in hot climates or hilly terrain. Use a lower gear and turn off the air con- ditioner if the temperature gauge needle enters the red range.

• If the automatic transmission begins to overheat, a message will be displayed in the text window.

• Avoid overload and other abusive opera-

tion.

• Hauling a trailer affects handling, durabil-

ity, and economy.

• It is necessary to balance trailer brakes

with the towing vehicle brakes to provide a safe stop (check and observe state/local regulations).

• Do not connect the trailer's brake system

directly to the vehicle's brake system. • More frequent vehicle maintenance is

required.

• Remove the ball and drawbar assembly

when the hitch is not being used.

• Volvo recommends the use of synthetic engine oil when towing a trailer over long distances or in mountainous areas.

06 Starting and driving

Towing a trailer

WARNING

• Bumper-attached trailer hitches must

not be used on Volvos, nor should safety chains be attached to the bumper.

• Trailer hitches attaching to the vehicle

rear axle must not be used.

• Never connect a trailer's hydraulic brake system directly to the vehicle brake system, nor a trailer's lighting system directly to the vehicle lighting system. Consult your nearest trained and qualified Volvo service technician for correct installation.

• When towing a trailer, the trailer's safety wire must be correctly fastened to the hole or hook provided in the trailer hitch on the vehicle. The safety wire should never be fastened to or wound around the drawbar ball.

NOTE

When parking the vehicle with a trailer on a hill, apply the parking brake before putting the gear selector in P (first/reverse gear on manual transmissions). Always follow the trailer manufacturer's recommendations for wheel chocking.

06

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06 Starting and driving

Towing a trailer

• When starting on a hill, put the gear selec- tor in D before releasing the parking brake.

• If you use the manual (Geartronic) shift

positions while towing a trailer, make sure the gear you select does not put too much strain on the engine (using too high a gear). • The drawbar assembly/trailer hitch may be rated for trailers heavier than the vehicle is designed to tow. Please adhere to Volvo's recommended trailer weights.

Leveling If your vehicle is equipped with automatic lev- eling, the rear suspension always retains the correct ride height regardless of the load. When the vehicle is stationary, the rear sus- pension lowers, which is normal.

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4. Slide the locking bolt through the hitch

5.

assembly/ball holder. Insert the cotter pin in the hole at the end of the locking bolt.

Removing the ball holder 1. Remove the cotter pin from the locking bolt

and slide the locking bolt out of the ball holder/hitch assembly.

2. Pull the ball holder out of the hitch assem-

bly.

A cover for the hitch assembly can be pur- chased from your Volvo retailer.

Ball holder

Locking bolt

Cotter pin

Hitch assembly

Safety wire attachment

Installing the ball holder 1.

If necessary, remove the cotter pin from the locking bolt and slide the locking bolt out of the hitch assembly.

2. Slide the ball holder into the hitch assem-

bly.

3. Align the hole in the ball holder with the one

in the hitch assembly.

06 Starting and driving

Detachable trailer hitch

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06 Starting and driving

Load carriers (accessory)

Load carrier Load carriers are available as Volvo accesso- ries. Observe the following points when in use: • To avoid damaging your vehicle and to

achieve maximum safety when driving, we recommend using the load carriers that Volvo has developed especially for your vehicle.

• Volvo-approved removable roof racks are designed to carry the maximum allowable roof load for this vehicle: 220 lbs (100 kg). For Non-Volvo roof racks, check the man- ufacturer's weight limits for the rack.

• Never exceed the rack manufacturer's

weigh limits and never exceed the maxi- mum rated roof load of 220 lbs (100 kg).

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• Avoid single-point loads. Distribute loads

evenly.

• Place heavier cargo at the bottom of the

load.

• Secure the cargo correctly with appropri-

ate tie-down equipment.

• Check periodically that the load carriers

and load are properly secured.

• Remember that the vehicle's center of gravity and handling change when you carry a load on the roof.

• The vehicle's wind resistance and fuel con- sumption will increase with the size of the load.

• Drive smoothly. Avoid rapid starts, fast

cornering and hard braking.

Attaching load carriers

The attachment brackets for the load carriers are located under the roof molding. 1. Make sure that the load carriers are placed in the right direction. See the mark on the decal under the cover.

2. Press the guide lugs into the holes (1). 3. Carefully lower the opposite side of the

load carrier to the roof.

4. Loosen the tightening wheel slightly. Slide

the hook on the load carrier attachment into the attachment bracket under the roof molding.

5. Turn the tightening wheel to secure the load carrier in the attachment bracket.

6. Repeat this procedure for the other load

carrier attachments.

7. Check that the hooks on all four load carrier attachments are securely tightened in the respective attachment brackets on the roof of the vehicle.

8. Press down the covers. Check periodically that the load carriers and load are properly secured.

06 Starting and driving

Load carriers (accessory)

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06 Starting and driving

Cold weather precautions

If you wish to check your vehicle before the approach of cold weather, the following advice is worth noting: • Make sure that the engine coolant contains

50 percent antifreeze. Any other mixture will reduce freeze protection. This gives protection against freezing down to -31 °F (-35 °C). See section "Coolant". The use of "recycled" antifreeze is not approved by Volvo. Different types of antifreeze must not be mixed.

• Volvo recommends using only genuine

Volvo antifreeze in your vehicle's radiator. • Try to keep the fuel tank well filled - this prevents the formation of condensation in the tank. In addition, in extremely cold weather conditions it is worthwhile to add fuel line de-icer before refueling.

• The viscosity of the engine oil is important. Oil with low viscosity (thinner oil) improves cold-weather starting as well as decreas- ing fuel consumption while the engine is warming up. For winter use, 5W-30 oil, par- ticularly the synthetic type1, is recom- mended. Be sure to use good quality oil but do not use cold-weather oil for hard driving or in warm weather. See section "Engine oil" for more information.

• The load placed on the battery is greater during the winter since the windshield wip-

ers, lighting, etc. are used more often. Moreover, the capacity of the battery decreases as the temperature drops. In very cold weather, a poorly charged bat- tery can freeze and be damaged. It is there- fore advisable to check the state of charge more frequently and spray an antirust oil on the battery posts.

• Volvo recommends the use of snow tires on all four wheels for winter driving - see section "Wheels and tires."

• To prevent the washer fluid reservoir

from freezing, add washer solvents con- taining antifreeze (see page 192 for the location of the washer fluid reservoir). This is important since dirt is often splashed on the windshield during winter driving, requiring the frequent use of the washers and wipers. Volvo Washer Solvent should be diluted as follows:

• Use Volvo Teflon Lock Spray in the locks.

NOTE

Avoid the use of de-icing sprays as they can cause damage to the locks.

1 Synthetic oil is not used when the oil is changed at the normal maintenance service intervals.

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06 Starting and driving

Before a long distance trip

• Have a word with your Volvo retailer if you intend to drive in countries where it may be difficult to obtain the correct fuel.

• Consider your destination. If you will be

driving through an area where snow or ice are likely to occur, consider snow tires.

It is always worthwhile to have your vehicle checked by a trained and qualified Volvo serv- ice technician before driving long distances. Your retailer or service technician will also be able to supply you with bulbs, fuses, spark plugs and wiper blades for your use in the event that problems occur. As a minimum, the following items should be checked before any long trip: • Check that engine runs smoothly and that

fuel consumption is normal.

• Check for fuel, oil, and fluid leakage. • Check transmission oil level1. • Check condition of drive belts. • Check state of the battery's charge. • Examine tires carefully (the spare tire as well), and replace those that are worn. Check tire pressures.

• The brakes, front wheel alignment, and steering gear should be checked by a trained and qualified Volvo service techni- cian only.

• Check all lights, including high beams. • Reflective warning triangles are legal

requirement in some countries.

1 To prevent injury from contact with hot surfaces, do not inspect your vehicle's transmission fluid yourself. Have your vehicle's transmission fluid level inspected by a qualified Volvo service technician.

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06 Starting and driving

Front/rear park assist (option/accessory)

Front/rear park assist

WARNING

NOTE

Park Assist is an information system, NOT a safety system. This system is designed to be a supplementary aid when parking the vehicle. It is not, however, intended to replace the driver's attention and judge- ment.

Function The system is activated automatically when the vehicle is started. The indicator light in the but- ton in the center console illuminates. • The front park assist system is active from the time the engine is started until the vehi- cle exceeds a speed of approximately 10 mph (15 km/h). It is also active when the vehicle is backing up.

• Rear park assist is active when the engine

is running and reverse gear has been selected.

Rear park assist The distance monitored behind the vehicle is approximately 5 ft (1.5 m). The signal comes from the rear speakers. The system must be deactivated when towing a trailer, carrying bicycles in a rearmounted carrier, etc, which could trigger the rear park assist system's sensors.

Rear park assist is deactivated automati- cally when towing a trailer if Volvo genuine trailer wiring is used.

Front park assist The distance monitored in front of the vehicle is approximately 2.5 ft (0.8 m). The audible sig- nal comes from the audio system's front speakers. • It may not be possible to combine auxiliary

headlights and front park assist since these lights could trigger the system's sen- sors.

Activating/deactivating park assist The system is activated automatically when the vehicle is started. • Press the Park assist button on the center console (see page 57) to temporarily deac- tivate the system(s). The indicator light in the button will go out when the system has been deactivated.

• Park assist will be automatically reactiva- ted the next time the engine is started, or if the button is pressed (the indicator light in the button will illuminate).

Front/rear park assist The park assist system is designed to assist you when driving into parking spaces, garages, etc. It utilizes four ultrasound sensors located in one or both bumpers to measure the dis- tance to a vehicle, object, or a person who may be close to the front or rear of your vehicle. Park assist is available in two versions: • Rear bumper only • Front and rear bumpers

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NOTE

• Front park assist is disengaged auto-

matically when the parking brake is applied.

• If the vehicle is equipped with front and

rear park assist, both systems will be deactivated by pressing the button.

Audible signals from the park assist system The Park Assist system uses an intermittent tone that pulses faster as you come close to an object, and becomes constant when you are within approximately 1 ft (30 cm) of an object in front of or behind the vehicle. If the volume of another source from the audio system is high, this will be automatically lowered. If there are objects within this distance both behind and in front of the vehicle, the signal alternates between front and rear speakers.

06 Starting and driving

Front/rear park assist (option/accessory)

Faults in the system

Cleaning the sensors

If the yellow warning symbol illu- minates and PARK ASSIST SERVICE REQUIRED is shown on the information display, this indicates that the system is not

functioning properly and has been disengaged. Consult a trained and qualified Volvo service technician.

CAUTION

In certain circumstances, the park assist system may give unexpected warning sig- nals that can be caused by external sound sources that use the same ultrasound fre- quencies as the system. This may include such things as the horns of other vehicles, wet tires on asphalt, pneumatic brakes, motorcycle exhaust pipes, etc. This does not indicate a fault in the system.

Park assist sensors The sensors must be cleaned regularly to ensure that they work properly. Clean them with water and a suitable car washing deter- gent. Ice and snow covering the sensors may cause incorrect warning signals.

06

NOTE

If the sensors are obstructed by e.g., dirt, snow, or ice, this could result in false warn- ing signals from the park assist system.

151

General information............................................................................... 154
Tire inflation........................................................................................... 156
Tire inflation pressure table - U.S. models............................................ 158
Tire inflation pressure table - Canadian models................................... 159
Tire designations................................................................................... 160
Glossary of tire terminology ................................................................. 162
Vehicle loading...................................................................................... 163
Uniform Tire Quality Grading................................................................ 165
Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires................................................ 166
Temporary spare................................................................................... 167
Tire rotation........................................................................................... 168
Changing wheels................................................................................... 169
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) - U.S. models...................... 172

152

WHEELS AND TIRES

07

07 Wheels and tires

General information

Your vehicle is equipped with tires according to the vehicle's tire information placard on the B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening), or on the inside of the fuel filler door on Canadian models.

CAUTION

Some Volvo models are equipped with an Ultra High Performance tire and wheel com- bination designed to provide maximum dry pavement performance with consideration for hydroplaning resistance. As such, they may be more susceptible to road hazard damage and, depending on driving condi- tions, may achieve a tread life of less than 20,000 miles (30,000 km). Even if this vehi- cle is equipped with Volvo’s advanced AWD or DSTC system, these tires are not designed for winter driving, and should be replaced with winter tires when weather conditions dictate.

The tires have good road holding characteris- tics and offer good handling on dry and wet surfaces. It should be noted however that the tires have been developed to give these fea- tures on snow/ice-free surfaces. Certain models are equipped with "all-season" tires, which provide a somewhat higher degree of road holding on slippery surfaces than tires without the "all-season" rating. However, for

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WARNING

The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo are specified to meet stringent stability and handling requirements. Unapproved wheel/ tire size combinations can negatively affect your vehicle's stability and handling. Approved tire sizes are shown in the Tire inflation pressure tables on pages 158 and 159. Any damage caused by installation of unap- proved wheel/tire size combinations will not be covered by your new vehicle warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility for death, injury, or expenses that may result from such installations.

optimum road holding on icy or snow-covered roads, we recommend suitable winter tires on all four wheels. When replacing tires, be sure that the new tires are the same size designation, type (radial) and preferably from the same manufacturer, on all four wheels. Otherwise there is a risk of altering the vehicle's roadholding and handling charac- teristics.

Storing wheels and tires When storing complete wheels (tires mounted on rims), they should be suspended off the floor or placed on their sides on the floor. Tires not mounted on rims should be stored on their sides or standing upright, but should not be suspended.

CAUTION

Tires should preferably be stored in a cool, dry, dark place, and should never be stored in close proximity to solvents, gasoline, oils, etc.

Tread wear indicator

New tires

Remember that tires are per- ishable goods. As of 2000, the manufacturing week and year will be indicated with 4 digits (e.g. 1502 means that the tire illustrated was manufactured during week 15 of 2002).

Tire age Tires degrade over time, even when they are not being used. It is recommended that tires generally be replaced after 6 years of normal service. Heat caused by hot climates, frequent high loading conditions or Ultra Violet (U.V) exposure can accelerate the aging process. You should replace the spare tire when you replace the other road tires due to the aging of the spare. A tire's age can be determined by the DOT stamp on the sidewall (see the illustration above). A tire with e.g., visible cracks or discoloration should be replaced immediately.

Improving tire economy: • Maintain correct tire pressure. See the tire

pressure tables on pages 158 and 159. • Drive smoothly: avoid fast starts, hard

braking and tire screeching.

Tread wear indicator The tires have wear indicator strips running across or parallel to the tread. The letters TWI are printed on the side of the tire. When approximately 1/16 " (1.6 mm) is left on the tread, these strips become visible and indicate that the tire should be replaced. Tires with less than 1/16 " (1.6 mm) tread offer very poor trac- tion. When replacing worn tires, it is recommended that the tire be identical in type (radial) and size as the one being replaced. Using a tire of the same make (manufacturer) will prevent altera- tion of the driving characteristics of the vehicle.

07 Wheels and tires

General information

• Tire wear increases with speed. • Correct front wheel alignment is very

important.

• Unbalanced wheels impair tire economy

and driving comfort.

• Tires must maintain the same direction of

rotation throughout their lifetime.

When replacing tires, the tires with the most tread should be mounted on the rear wheels to reduce the chance of oversteer during hard braking. Hitting curbs or potholes can damage the tires and/or wheels permanently.

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07 Wheels and tires

Tire inflation

Tire inflation placard on Canadian models

NOTE

The placards shown indicate inflation pres- sure for the tires installed on the vehicle at the factory only.

• Under-inflation or over-inflation may cause

uneven treadwear patterns.

WARNING

Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result in severe tire cracking, tread separation, or "blowout," with unexpected loss of vehicle control and increased risk of injury. Under-inflated tires reduce the load carrying capacity of your vehicle.

When weather temperature changes occur, tire inflation pressures also change. A 10-degree temperature drop causes a corresponding drop of 1 psi (7 kPa) in inflation pressure. Check your tire pressures frequently and adjust them to the proper pressure, which can be found on the vehicle's tire information placard or certifi- cation label.

• Use a tire gauge to check the tire inflation pressure, including the spare, at least once a month and before long trips. You are strongly urged to buy a reliable tire pres- sure gauge, as automatic service station gauges may be inaccurate.

• Use the recommended cold inflation pres-

sure for optimum tire performance and wear.

Checking tire pressure A certain amount of air seepage from the tires occurs naturally and tire pressure fluctuates with seasonal changes in temperature. Always check tire pressure regularly.

Cold tires Inflation pressure should be checked when the tires are cold.

Tire inflation placards on U.S. models Check tire inflation pressure regularly. Tables listing the recommended inflation pres- sure for your vehicle can be found on pages 158 and 159. A tire inflation pressure placard is also located on the driver's side B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening). This plac- ard indicates the designation of the factory- mounted tires on your vehicle, as well as load limits and inflation pressure.

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5. Visually inspect the tires to make sure there

are no nails or other objects embedded that could puncture the tire and cause an air leak.

6. Check the sidewalls to make sure there are no gouges, cuts, bulges or other irregular- ities.

NOTE

If you overfill the tire, release air by pushing on the metal stem in the center of the valve. Then recheck the pressure with your tire gauge. Some spare tires require higher inflation pressure than the other tires. Consult the tire inflation tables on pages 158 and 159, or see the inflation pressure placard.

The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the surrounding (ambient) air. This temperature is normally reached after the vehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours. After driving a distance of approximately 1 mile (1.6 km), the tires are considered to be hot. If you have to drive farther than this distance to pump your tire(s), check and record the tire pressure first and add the appropriate air pres- sure when you get to the pump. If checking tire pressure when the tire is hot, never "bleed" or reduce air pressure. The tires are hot from driving and it is normal for pres- sures to increase above recommended cold pressures. A hot tire at or below recommended cold inflation pressure could be significantly under-inflated.

To check inflation pressure: 1. Remove the cap from the valve on one tire,

then firmly press the tire gauge onto the valve.

2. Add air to reach the recommended air

pressure.

3. Replace the valve cap. 4. Repeat this procedure for each tire, includ-

ing the spare.

07 Wheels and tires

Tire inflation

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157

07 Wheels and tires

Tire inflation pressure table - U.S. models

Speed ratings The speed ratings in the tables translate as fol- lows: M = 81 mph (130 km/h) V= 149 mph (240 km/h) W= 168 mph (270 km/h) See page 160 for an explanation of the desig- nations on the sidewall of the tire.

The following tire pressures are recommended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to the tire infla- tion placard for information specific to the tires installed on your vehicle at the factory.

Cold tire pressures up to five per- sons

Front, psi (kPa)

Rear, psi (kPa)

35 (240)

35 (240)

Tire size

195/65R15
205/55R16
215/55R16
235/45R17

235/40R18

39 (270)

61 (420)

Temporary spare tire T125/80R17

39 (270)

61 (420)

Load ratings The load ratings in the tables above translate as follows: 91 = 1365 lbs (615 kg) 93 = 1433 lbs (650 kg) 99 = 1709 lbs (755 kg)

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07 Wheels and tires

Tire inflation pressure table - Canadian models

The following tire pressures are recommended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to the tire infla-

tion placard for information specific to the tires installed on your vehicle at the factory.

Tire size

Cold tire pressures up to five persons psi (kPa) Optional pressure up to three persons psi (kPa)

195/65R15
205/55R16
215/55R16
235/45R17