Download PDF Manual

wheels that have the best traction.


Tire dimensions Volvo recommends that you always drive on tires of the same brand, size, construction (radial), tread pattern, load-, speed-, traction-, temperature-, and treadwear rating. Never drive on mixed tires, except for brief periods when the temporary spare tire is in use. Always use properly inflated tires of correct dimensions. Tire size and inflation pressures are shown on the tire inflation pressure plac- ards, located on the driver's side B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening), or on the inside of the fuel filler door on Canadian mod- els.


06


134


NOTE


When the vehicle is at a standstill and the engine is idling, e.g. at a traffic light and the brake pedal is depressed, the pedal may go down slightly. This is a normal function of the power-assisted brake system.


Power brakes function only when the engine is running The power brakes utilize vacuum pressure which is only created when the engine is run- ning. Never let the vehicle roll to a stop with the engine switched off. If the power brakes are not working, the brake pedal must be pressed approximately four times harder than usual to make up for the lack of power assistance. This can happen for example when towing your vehicle or if the engine is switched off when the vehicle is roll- ing. The brake pedal feels harder than usual.


BRAKE Brake circuit malfunction The brake system is a hydraulic system con- sisting of two master cylinders and two sepa- rate brake circuits. If a problem should occur in one of these circuits, it is still possible to stop the vehicle with the other brake circuit. If the brake pedal must be depressed farther than normal and requires greater foot pressure, the stopping distance will be longer. A warning light in the instrument panel will light up to warn the driver that a fault has occurred. If this light comes on while driving or braking, stop immediately and check the brake fluid level in the reservoir.


NOTE


Press the brake pedal hard and maintain pressure on the pedal – do not pump the brakes.


WARNING


If the fluid level is below the MIN mark in the reservoir or if a Brake failure – Service urgent message is displayed in the text window: DO NOT DRIVE. Have the vehicle towed to a trained and qualified Volvo serv- ice technician and have the brake system inspected.


06 Starting and driving


Brake system


Water on brake discs and brake pads affects braking Driving in rain and slush or passing through an automatic car wash can cause water to collect on the brake discs and pads. This will cause a delay in braking effect when the pedal is depressed. To avoid such a delay when the brakes are needed, depress the pedal occa- sionally when driving through rain, slush etc. This will remove the water from the brakes. Check that brake application feels normal. This should also be done after washing or starting in very damp or cold weather.


Severe strain on the brake system The brakes will be subject to severe strain when driving in mountains or hilly areas or tow- ing. Vehicle speed is usually slower, which means that the cooling of the brakes is less efficient than when driving on level roads. To reduce the strain on the brakes, shift into a lower gear and let the engine help with the braking. Do not forget that, if you are towing a trailer, the brakes will be subjected to a greater than normal load.


06


(cid:96)(cid:96)


135


06 Starting and driving


Brake system


Anti-lock brakes (ABS)


If the warning lamp lights up there is a malfunction of the ABS system (the standard braking system will however function) and the vehicle should be driven cautiously to a


trained and qualified Volvo service technician for inspection. The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) helps to improve vehicle control (stop- ping and steering) during severe braking con- ditions by limiting brake lockup. When the system "senses" impending lockup, braking pressure is automatically modulated in order to help prevent lockup, which could lead to a skid. The system performs a self-diagnostic test when the engine is started and when the vehicle first reaches a speed of approxi- mately 12 mph (20 km/h). The brake pedal will pulsate several times and a sound may be audible from the ABS control module. This is normal. To obtain optimal effect from the ABS system, constant pressure should be kept on the brake pedal. Do not pump the brake pedal. The switching of the ABS modulator will be audible and the brake pedal will pulsate during braking. Please be aware that ABS does not increase the absolute braking potential of the vehicle. While control will be enhanced, ABS


06


136


4.


5.


If both lights are still on after the engine has been restarted, switch off the engine again and check the brake fluid level (see page 193 for the location of the brake fluid reservoir). If the brake fluid level is above the MIN mark, drive carefully to a trained and quali- fied Volvo service technician and have the brake system inspected.


Emergency Brake Assistance (EBA) The EBA function is designed to provide full brake effect immediately in the event of sud- den, hard braking. The system is activated by the speed with which you depress the brake pedal.


will not shorten stopping distances on slippery surfaces.


ABS with EBD (Electronic Brake Force Distribution) EBD is an integrated part of the ABS system. EBD regulates the hydraulic pressure to the rear brakes to help provide optimal braking capacity. The brake pedal will pulsate during braking, which is normal. If the BRAKE and ABS warning lights come on at the same time, this could indicate a fault in the brake system. 1. Stop the vehicle in a suitable place and


switch off the engine.


2. Restart the engine. 3.


If both warning lights go off, no further action is required.


WARNING


If the fluid level is below the MIN mark in the reservoir or if a "Brake failure - Service urgent" message is displayed in the text window: DO NOT DRIVE. Have the vehicle towed to a trained and qualified Volvo serv- ice technician and have the brake system inspected.


NOTE


• When the EBA system is activated, the brake pedal will go down and pressure in the brake system immediately increa- ses to the maximum level. You must maintain full pressure on the brake pedal in order to utilize the system com- pletely. There will be no braking effect if the pedal is released. EBA is automati- cally deactivated when the brake pedal is released.


• When the vehicle has been parked for some time, the brake pedal may sink more than usual when the engine is started. This is normal and the pedal will return to its usual position when it is released.


06 Starting and driving


Brake system


06


137


06 Starting and driving


Stability system


Dynamic Stability Traction Control (DSTC) The stability system consists of a number of functions designed help reduce wheel spin, counteract skidding, and to generally help improve directional stability.


NOTE


A pulsating sound will be audible when the system is actively operating and is normal.


Traction control (TC) This function is designed to help reduce wheel spin by transferring power from a drive wheel that begins to lose traction to the wheel on the opposite side of the vehicle (on the same axle). TC is most active at low speeds. This is one of the DSTC's permanent functions and cannot be switched off.


Spin control (SC) The spin control function is designed to help prevent the drive wheels from spinning while the vehicle is accelerating. Under certain circumstances, such as when driving with snow chains, or driving in deep snow or loose sand, it may be advisable to temporarily switch off this function for maxi- mum tractive force.


06


138


Temporarily switching off Spin control 1. Turn the thumb wheel (2) on the left-side steering wheel lever until the DSTC menu is displayed.


2. Hold down the RESET button (1) to toggle


between DSTC SPIN CONTROL ON or OFF.


Active Yaw Control (AYC) This function helps maintain directional stabil- ity, for example when cornering, by braking one or more of the wheels if the vehicle shows a tendency to skid or slide laterally.)


WARNING


Controls on the left-side steering wheel lever


The car's handling and stability characteris- tics will be altered if the DSTC system func- tions have been disabled.


NOTE


• The message DSTC SPIN CONTROL


OFF indicates that the stability sys- tem's spin control function has tempo- rarily been switched off.


• The stability control indicator light will illuminate and remain on until spin con- trol has been reactivated.


• DSTC ON indicates that all system


functions are active.


• The spin control function is automati- cally enabled each time the engine is started.


Symbols in the instrument panel


4.


DSTC-related messages in the text window • "TRACTION CONTROL TEMPORARILY OFF" - The system has been temporarily switched off due to high brake temperature and will automatically switch on again when the brakes have cooled.


• "ANTI SKID SERVICE REQUIRED" - the


system has been automatically disen- gaged due to a fault. A trained and qualified Volvo service technician should check the system.


The Stability Control indicator light


This light indicates different condi- tions, depending on how it illumi- nates.


The Stability Control indicator light illuminates for approximately 2 seconds This indicates that the system is performing a self-diagnostic test when the ignition is switched on. The Stability Control indicator light flashes This indicates that the stability system is actively functioning to help counteract wheel spin and/or a skid.


The Stability Control indicator light glows steadily "ANTI SKID SERVICE REQUIRED" will be displayed in the text window at the same time. A fault is indicated in the stability system. 1. Stop the vehicle in a safe place and switch


off the engine.


2. Restart the engine. 3.


If the indicator light goes out, the fault was temporary and no further action is required. If the indicator light remains on, drive to an authorized Volvo workshop as soon as possible to have the system checked.


The Stability Control indicator light glows steadily If "DSTC SPIN CONTROL OFF" is displayed in the text window at the same time, this is a reminder that spin control has been disabled by the driver. The warning symbol


The warning symbol glows steadily yellow


06 Starting and driving


Stability system


The system has been temporarily switched off due to high brake temperature. "TRACTION CONTROL TEMPORARILY OFF" will be dis- played. The system will automatically switch on again when the brakes have cooled.


WARNING


The stability system is intended to help improve driving safety. It supplements, but can never replace, the driver's judgement and responsibility when operating the vehi- cle. Speed and driving style should always be adapted to traffic and road conditions.


06


139


06 Starting and driving


Towing


Emergency towing


Front towing eyelet The towing eyelet is located in the tool bag, under the floor of the trunk, with the spare tire. This eyelet must be screwed into the positions provided on the right sides of either the front or rear bumper (B, see illustrations).


06


To attach the towing eyelet: A. Use a coin to pry open the lower edge of


the cover (A)1.


B. Screw the towing eyelet (C) in place, first by hand and then using the tire iron until it is securely in place.


After the vehicle has been towed, the eyelet should be removed and returned to the tool bag. Press the cover back into position.


Precautions when the vehicle is in tow • The steering wheel must be unlocked. Turn


the ignition key to position I or II.


• The gear selector must be in position N. • Maximum speed: 50 mph (80 km/h). Do not


exceed the maximum allowable towing speed.


• Maximum distance with front wheels on


ground: 50 miles (80 km).


• While the vehicle is being towed, try to


keep the tow rope taut at all times.


• The vehicle should only be towed in for-


ward direction.


WARNING


Do not use the towing eyelets to pull the vehicle up onto a flat bed tow truck.


Rear towing eyelet


1 The opening in the cover may vary.


140


CAUTION


WARNING


CAUTION


06 Starting and driving


Towing


• Please check with state and local


authorities before attempting this type of towing, as vehicles being towed are subject to regulations regarding maxi- mum towing speed, length and type of towing device, lighting, etc.


• If the vehicle's battery is dead, do not attempt to start the vehicle by pushing or pulling it as this will damage the three-way catalytic converter(s). The engine must be jump started using an auxiliary battery (see page 142).


• If the vehicle is being towed on a flat bed


truck, the towing eyelets must not be used to secure the vehicle on the flat bed. Consult the tow truck operator.


• Sling-type equipment applied at the


front will damage radiator and air con- ditioning lines.


• It is equally important not to use sling- type equipment at the rear or apply lift- ing equipment inside the rear wheels; serious damage to the rear axle may result.


• If the vehicle is being towed on a flat bed


truck, the towing eyelets must not be used to secure the vehicle on the flat bed. Consult the tow truck operator.


WARNING


Do not use the towing eyelets to pull the vehicle up onto a flat bed tow truck.


• Remember that the power brakes and power steering will not function when engine is not running. The braking and steering systems will function but the brake pedal pressure required is 3 – 4 times above normal and greater steering effort must be exerted.


• The towing eyelets must not be used for pulling another vehicle out of a ditch or for any similar purpose involving severe strain.


• Do not use the towing eyelets to pull the


vehicle up onto a flat bed tow truck.


Towing vehicles with front wheel drive/ All Wheel Drive Volvo recommends the use of flat bed equip- ment. If wheel lift equipment must be used, please use extreme caution to help avoid damage to the vehicle. In this case, the vehicle should be towed with the rear wheels on the ground if at all possible. If it is absolutely necessary to tow the vehicle with the front wheels on the ground, please refer to the towing information on the previous page.


06


141


06 Starting and driving


Jump starting


Jump starting


Follow these instructions to jump start your vehicle's dead battery or to jump start another vehicle's dead battery using your vehicle. Although your vehicle's battery is located under the floor of the trunk, jumper cables should be connected in the engine compart- ment, to the points shown in the illustrations. If the 12-volt auxiliary battery to be used is in another vehicle, check that the vehicles are not touching to prevent premature completion of a circuit. Be sure to follow jump starting instruc- tions provided for the other vehicle.


06


142


WARNING


• Do not connect the jumper cable to any part of the fuel system or to any moving parts. Avoid touching hot manifolds.


• Never expose the battery to open flame


or electric spark.


• Do not smoke near the battery. • Batteries generate hydrogen gas, which


is flammable and explosive.


• Battery fluid contains sulfuric acid. Do not allow battery fluid to contact eyes, skin, fabrics or painted surfaces. If con- tact occurs, flush the affected area immediately with water. Obtain medical help immediately if eyes are affected.


• Failure to follow the instructions for jump starting can lead to personal injury.


To jump start your vehicle: 1. Switch off the ignition. 2. First connect the auxiliary battery positive (+) terminal (1) to the positive (+) terminal in your vehicle's engine compartment (2), located under a small black plastic cover attached to the fuse box cover, marked with a "+" sign. Remove the cover on the main fuse box if necessary to access this terminal. Then connect the auxiliary bat- tery's negative (–) terminal (3) to the ground point in your vehicle's engine compartment (4).


3. Start the engine in the assisting vehicle, then start the engine in the vehicle with dead battery.


4. After the engine has started, first remove


the negative (–) terminal jumper cable. Then remove the positive (+) terminal jumper cable.


WARNING


PROPOSITION 65 WARNING! Battery posts, terminals, and related acces- sories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.


Volvo recommends the use of Volvo trailer hitches that are specially designed for the vehi- cle. • Maximum trailer weight recommended by Volvo is: Trailers without brakes: 1650 lbs (750 kg) Trailers with brakes: 2" (50 mm) ball - 3300 lbs* (1500 kg), 1 7/8 " (47 mm) ball - 2000 lbs (900 kg). Observe the legal requirements of the state/province in which the vehicles are


• All Volvo models are equipped with


energy-absorbing shock-mounted bump- ers. Trailer hitch installation should not interfere with the proper operation of this bumper system.


Trailer towing does not normally present any particular problems, but take into considera- tion: • Increase tire pressure to recommended


full. See section "Wheels and tires."


• When your vehicle is new, avoid towing heavy trailers during the first 620 miles (1000 km).


• Recommended hitch tongue load is: Trailer


weights below 2,650 lbs (1,200 kg) - 110 lbs (50 kg) Trailer weights above 2,650 lbs (1,200 kg) - 165 lbs (75 kg)


• Maximum speed when towing a trailer:


50 mph (80 km/h).


• Engine and transmission are subject to


increased loads. Therefore, engine coolant temperature should be closely watched when driving in hot climates or hilly terrain. Use a lower gear and turn off the air con- ditioner if the temperature gauge needle enters the red range.


• If the automatic transmission begins to overheat, a message will be displayed in the text window.


• Avoid overload and other abusive opera-


tion.


• Hauling a trailer affects handling, durabil-


ity, and economy.


• It is necessary to balance trailer brakes


with the towing vehicle brakes to provide a safe stop (check and observe state/local regulations).


• Do not connect the trailer's brake system


directly to the vehicle's brake system. • More frequent vehicle maintenance is


required.


• Remove the ball and drawbar assembly


when the hitch is not being used.


• Volvo recommends the use of synthetic engine oil when towing a trailer over long distances or in mountainous areas.


06 Starting and driving


Towing a trailer


WARNING


• Bumper-attached trailer hitches must


not be used on Volvos, nor should safety chains be attached to the bumper.


• Trailer hitches attaching to the vehicle


rear axle must not be used.


• Never connect a trailer's hydraulic brake system directly to the vehicle brake system, nor a trailer's lighting system directly to the vehicle lighting system. Consult your nearest trained and qualified Volvo service technician for correct installation.


• When towing a trailer, the trailer's safety wire must be correctly fastened to the hole or hook provided in the trailer hitch on the vehicle. The safety wire should never be fastened to or wound around the drawbar ball.


NOTE


When parking the vehicle with a trailer on a hill, apply the parking brake before putting the gear selector in P (first/reverse gear on manual transmissions). Always follow the trailer manufacturer's recommendations for wheel chocking.


06


(cid:96)(cid:96)


143


06 Starting and driving


Towing a trailer


• When starting on a hill, put the gear selec- tor in D before releasing the parking brake.


• If you use the manual (Geartronic) shift


positions while towing a trailer, make sure the gear you select does not put too much strain on the engine (using too high a gear). • The drawbar assembly/trailer hitch may be rated for trailers heavier than the vehicle is designed to tow. Please adhere to Volvo's recommended trailer weights.


Leveling If your vehicle is equipped with automatic lev- eling, the rear suspension always retains the correct ride height regardless of the load. When the vehicle is stationary, the rear sus- pension lowers, which is normal.


06


144


4. Slide the locking bolt through the hitch


5.


assembly/ball holder. Insert the cotter pin in the hole at the end of the locking bolt.


Removing the ball holder 1. Remove the cotter pin from the locking bolt


and slide the locking bolt out of the ball holder/hitch assembly.


2. Pull the ball holder out of the hitch assem-


bly.


A cover for the hitch assembly can be pur- chased from your Volvo retailer.


Ball holder


Locking bolt


Cotter pin


Hitch assembly


Safety wire attachment


Installing the ball holder 1.


If necessary, remove the cotter pin from the locking bolt and slide the locking bolt out of the hitch assembly.


2. Slide the ball holder into the hitch assem-


bly.


3. Align the hole in the ball holder with the one


in the hitch assembly.


06 Starting and driving


Detachable trailer hitch


06


145


06 Starting and driving


Load carriers (accessory)


Load carrier Load carriers are available as Volvo accesso- ries. Observe the following points when in use: • To avoid damaging your vehicle and to


achieve maximum safety when driving, we recommend using the load carriers that Volvo has developed especially for your vehicle.


• Volvo-approved removable roof racks are designed to carry the maximum allowable roof load for this vehicle: 220 lbs (100 kg). For Non-Volvo roof racks, check the man- ufacturer's weight limits for the rack.


• Never exceed the rack manufacturer's


weigh limits and never exceed the maxi- mum rated roof load of 220 lbs (100 kg).


06


146


• Avoid single-point loads. Distribute loads


evenly.


• Place heavier cargo at the bottom of the


load.


• Secure the cargo correctly with appropri-


ate tie-down equipment.


• Check periodically that the load carriers


and load are properly secured.


• Remember that the vehicle's center of gravity and handling change when you carry a load on the roof.


• The vehicle's wind resistance and fuel con- sumption will increase with the size of the load.


• Drive smoothly. Avoid rapid starts, fast


cornering and hard braking.


Attaching load carriers


The attachment brackets for the load carriers are located under the roof molding. 1. Make sure that the load carriers are placed in the right direction. See the mark on the decal under the cover.


2. Press the guide lugs into the holes (1). 3. Carefully lower the opposite side of the


load carrier to the roof.


4. Loosen the tightening wheel slightly. Slide


the hook on the load carrier attachment into the attachment bracket under the roof molding.


5. Turn the tightening wheel to secure the load carrier in the attachment bracket.


6. Repeat this procedure for the other load


carrier attachments.


7. Check that the hooks on all four load carrier attachments are securely tightened in the respective attachment brackets on the roof of the vehicle.


8. Press down the covers. Check periodically that the load carriers and load are properly secured.


06 Starting and driving


Load carriers (accessory)


06


147


06 Starting and driving


Cold weather precautions


If you wish to check your vehicle before the approach of cold weather, the following advice is worth noting: • Make sure that the engine coolant contains


50 percent antifreeze. Any other mixture will reduce freeze protection. This gives protection against freezing down to -31 °F (-35 °C). See section "Coolant". The use of "recycled" antifreeze is not approved by Volvo. Different types of antifreeze must not be mixed.


• Volvo recommends using only genuine


Volvo antifreeze in your vehicle's radiator. • Try to keep the fuel tank well filled - this prevents the formation of condensation in the tank. In addition, in extremely cold weather conditions it is worthwhile to add fuel line de-icer before refueling.


• The viscosity of the engine oil is important. Oil with low viscosity (thinner oil) improves cold-weather starting as well as decreas- ing fuel consumption while the engine is warming up. For winter use, 5W-30 oil, par- ticularly the synthetic type1, is recom- mended. Be sure to use good quality oil but do not use cold-weather oil for hard driving or in warm weather. See section "Engine oil" for more information.


• The load placed on the battery is greater during the winter since the windshield wip-


ers, lighting, etc. are used more often. Moreover, the capacity of the battery decreases as the temperature drops. In very cold weather, a poorly charged bat- tery can freeze and be damaged. It is there- fore advisable to check the state of charge more frequently and spray an antirust oil on the battery posts.


• Volvo recommends the use of snow tires on all four wheels for winter driving - see section "Wheels and tires."


• To prevent the washer fluid reservoir


from freezing, add washer solvents con- taining antifreeze (see page 192 for the location of the washer fluid reservoir). This is important since dirt is often splashed on the windshield during winter driving, requiring the frequent use of the washers and wipers. Volvo Washer Solvent should be diluted as follows:


• Use Volvo Teflon Lock Spray in the locks.


NOTE


Avoid the use of de-icing sprays as they can cause damage to the locks.


1 Synthetic oil is not used when the oil is changed at the normal maintenance service intervals.


06


148


06 Starting and driving


Before a long distance trip


• Have a word with your Volvo retailer if you intend to drive in countries where it may be difficult to obtain the correct fuel.


• Consider your destination. If you will be


driving through an area where snow or ice are likely to occur, consider snow tires.


It is always worthwhile to have your vehicle checked by a trained and qualified Volvo serv- ice technician before driving long distances. Your retailer or service technician will also be able to supply you with bulbs, fuses, spark plugs and wiper blades for your use in the event that problems occur. As a minimum, the following items should be checked before any long trip: • Check that engine runs smoothly and that


fuel consumption is normal.


• Check for fuel, oil, and fluid leakage. • Check transmission oil level1. • Check condition of drive belts. • Check state of the battery's charge. • Examine tires carefully (the spare tire as well), and replace those that are worn. Check tire pressures.


• The brakes, front wheel alignment, and steering gear should be checked by a trained and qualified Volvo service techni- cian only.


• Check all lights, including high beams. • Reflective warning triangles are legal


requirement in some countries.


1 To prevent injury from contact with hot surfaces, do not inspect your vehicle's transmission fluid yourself. Have your vehicle's transmission fluid level inspected by a qualified Volvo service technician.


06


149


06 Starting and driving


Front/rear park assist (option/accessory)


Front/rear park assist


WARNING


NOTE


Park Assist is an information system, NOT a safety system. This system is designed to be a supplementary aid when parking the vehicle. It is not, however, intended to replace the driver's attention and judge- ment.


Function The system is activated automatically when the vehicle is started. The indicator light in the but- ton in the center console illuminates. • The front park assist system is active from the time the engine is started until the vehi- cle exceeds a speed of approximately 10 mph (15 km/h). It is also active when the vehicle is backing up.


• Rear park assist is active when the engine


is running and reverse gear has been selected.


Rear park assist The distance monitored behind the vehicle is approximately 5 ft (1.5 m). The signal comes from the rear speakers. The system must be deactivated when towing a trailer, carrying bicycles in a rearmounted carrier, etc, which could trigger the rear park assist system's sensors.


Rear park assist is deactivated automati- cally when towing a trailer if Volvo genuine trailer wiring is used.


Front park assist The distance monitored in front of the vehicle is approximately 2.5 ft (0.8 m). The audible sig- nal comes from the audio system's front speakers. • It may not be possible to combine auxiliary


headlights and front park assist since these lights could trigger the system's sen- sors.


Activating/deactivating park assist The system is activated automatically when the vehicle is started. • Press the Park assist button on the center console (see page 57) to temporarily deac- tivate the system(s). The indicator light in the button will go out when the system has been deactivated.


• Park assist will be automatically reactiva- ted the next time the engine is started, or if the button is pressed (the indicator light in the button will illuminate).


Front/rear park assist The park assist system is designed to assist you when driving into parking spaces, garages, etc. It utilizes four ultrasound sensors located in one or both bumpers to measure the dis- tance to a vehicle, object, or a person who may be close to the front or rear of your vehicle. Park assist is available in two versions: • Rear bumper only • Front and rear bumpers


06


150


NOTE


• Front park assist is disengaged auto-


matically when the parking brake is applied.


• If the vehicle is equipped with front and


rear park assist, both systems will be deactivated by pressing the button.


Audible signals from the park assist system The Park Assist system uses an intermittent tone that pulses faster as you come close to an object, and becomes constant when you are within approximately 1 ft (30 cm) of an object in front of or behind the vehicle. If the volume of another source from the audio system is high, this will be automatically lowered. If there are objects within this distance both behind and in front of the vehicle, the signal alternates between front and rear speakers.


06 Starting and driving


Front/rear park assist (option/accessory)


Faults in the system


Cleaning the sensors


If the yellow warning symbol illu- minates and PARK ASSIST SERVICE REQUIRED is shown on the information display, this indicates that the system is not


functioning properly and has been disengaged. Consult a trained and qualified Volvo service technician.


CAUTION


In certain circumstances, the park assist system may give unexpected warning sig- nals that can be caused by external sound sources that use the same ultrasound fre- quencies as the system. This may include such things as the horns of other vehicles, wet tires on asphalt, pneumatic brakes, motorcycle exhaust pipes, etc. This does not indicate a fault in the system.


Park assist sensors The sensors must be cleaned regularly to ensure that they work properly. Clean them with water and a suitable car washing deter- gent. Ice and snow covering the sensors may cause incorrect warning signals.


06


NOTE


If the sensors are obstructed by e.g., dirt, snow, or ice, this could result in false warn- ing signals from the park assist system.


151


General information............................................................................... 154
Tire inflation........................................................................................... 156
Tire inflation pressure table - U.S. models............................................ 158
Tire inflation pressure table - Canadian models................................... 159
Tire designations................................................................................... 160
Glossary of tire terminology ................................................................. 162
Vehicle loading...................................................................................... 163
Uniform Tire Quality Grading................................................................ 165
Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires................................................ 166
Temporary spare................................................................................... 167
Tire rotation........................................................................................... 168
Changing wheels................................................................................... 169
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) - U.S. models...................... 172


152


WHEELS AND TIRES


07


07 Wheels and tires


General information


Your vehicle is equipped with tires according to the vehicle's tire information placard on the B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening), or on the inside of the fuel filler door on Canadian models.


CAUTION


Some Volvo models are equipped with an Ultra High Performance tire and wheel com- bination designed to provide maximum dry pavement performance with consideration for hydroplaning resistance. As such, they may be more susceptible to road hazard damage and, depending on driving condi- tions, may achieve a tread life of less than 20,000 miles (30,000 km). Even if this vehi- cle is equipped with Volvo’s advanced AWD or DSTC system, these tires are not designed for winter driving, and should be replaced with winter tires when weather conditions dictate.


The tires have good road holding characteris- tics and offer good handling on dry and wet surfaces. It should be noted however that the tires have been developed to give these fea- tures on snow/ice-free surfaces. Certain models are equipped with "all-season" tires, which provide a somewhat higher degree of road holding on slippery surfaces than tires without the "all-season" rating. However, for


07


154


WARNING


The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo are specified to meet stringent stability and handling requirements. Unapproved wheel/ tire size combinations can negatively affect your vehicle's stability and handling. Approved tire sizes are shown in the Tire inflation pressure tables on pages 158 and 159. Any damage caused by installation of unap- proved wheel/tire size combinations will not be covered by your new vehicle warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility for death, injury, or expenses that may result from such installations.


optimum road holding on icy or snow-covered roads, we recommend suitable winter tires on all four wheels. When replacing tires, be sure that the new tires are the same size designation, type (radial) and preferably from the same manufacturer, on all four wheels. Otherwise there is a risk of altering the vehicle's roadholding and handling charac- teristics.


Storing wheels and tires When storing complete wheels (tires mounted on rims), they should be suspended off the floor or placed on their sides on the floor. Tires not mounted on rims should be stored on their sides or standing upright, but should not be suspended.


CAUTION


Tires should preferably be stored in a cool, dry, dark place, and should never be stored in close proximity to solvents, gasoline, oils, etc.


Tread wear indicator


New tires


Remember that tires are per- ishable goods. As of 2000, the manufacturing week and year will be indicated with 4 digits (e.g. 1502 means that the tire illustrated was manufactured during week 15 of 2002).


Tire age Tires degrade over time, even when they are not being used. It is recommended that tires generally be replaced after 6 years of normal service. Heat caused by hot climates, frequent high loading conditions or Ultra Violet (U.V) exposure can accelerate the aging process. You should replace the spare tire when you replace the other road tires due to the aging of the spare. A tire's age can be determined by the DOT stamp on the sidewall (see the illustration above). A tire with e.g., visible cracks or discoloration should be replaced immediately.


Improving tire economy: • Maintain correct tire pressure. See the tire


pressure tables on pages 158 and 159. • Drive smoothly: avoid fast starts, hard


braking and tire screeching.


Tread wear indicator The tires have wear indicator strips running across or parallel to the tread. The letters TWI are printed on the side of the tire. When approximately 1/16 " (1.6 mm) is left on the tread, these strips become visible and indicate that the tire should be replaced. Tires with less than 1/16 " (1.6 mm) tread offer very poor trac- tion. When replacing worn tires, it is recommended that the tire be identical in type (radial) and size as the one being replaced. Using a tire of the same make (manufacturer) will prevent altera- tion of the driving characteristics of the vehicle.


07 Wheels and tires


General information


• Tire wear increases with speed. • Correct front wheel alignment is very


important.


• Unbalanced wheels impair tire economy


and driving comfort.


• Tires must maintain the same direction of


rotation throughout their lifetime.


When replacing tires, the tires with the most tread should be mounted on the rear wheels to reduce the chance of oversteer during hard braking. Hitting curbs or potholes can damage the tires and/or wheels permanently.


07


155


07 Wheels and tires


Tire inflation


Tire inflation placard on Canadian models


NOTE


The placards shown indicate inflation pres- sure for the tires installed on the vehicle at the factory only.


• Under-inflation or over-inflation may cause


uneven treadwear patterns.


WARNING


Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result in severe tire cracking, tread separation, or "blowout," with unexpected loss of vehicle control and increased risk of injury. Under-inflated tires reduce the load carrying capacity of your vehicle.


When weather temperature changes occur, tire inflation pressures also change. A 10-degree temperature drop causes a corresponding drop of 1 psi (7 kPa) in inflation pressure. Check your tire pressures frequently and adjust them to the proper pressure, which can be found on the vehicle's tire information placard or certifi- cation label.


• Use a tire gauge to check the tire inflation pressure, including the spare, at least once a month and before long trips. You are strongly urged to buy a reliable tire pres- sure gauge, as automatic service station gauges may be inaccurate.


• Use the recommended cold inflation pres-


sure for optimum tire performance and wear.


Checking tire pressure A certain amount of air seepage from the tires occurs naturally and tire pressure fluctuates with seasonal changes in temperature. Always check tire pressure regularly.


Cold tires Inflation pressure should be checked when the tires are cold.


Tire inflation placards on U.S. models Check tire inflation pressure regularly. Tables listing the recommended inflation pres- sure for your vehicle can be found on pages 158 and 159. A tire inflation pressure placard is also located on the driver's side B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening). This plac- ard indicates the designation of the factory- mounted tires on your vehicle, as well as load limits and inflation pressure.


07


156


5. Visually inspect the tires to make sure there


are no nails or other objects embedded that could puncture the tire and cause an air leak.


6. Check the sidewalls to make sure there are no gouges, cuts, bulges or other irregular- ities.


NOTE


If you overfill the tire, release air by pushing on the metal stem in the center of the valve. Then recheck the pressure with your tire gauge. Some spare tires require higher inflation pressure than the other tires. Consult the tire inflation tables on pages 158 and 159, or see the inflation pressure placard.


The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the surrounding (ambient) air. This temperature is normally reached after the vehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours. After driving a distance of approximately 1 mile (1.6 km), the tires are considered to be hot. If you have to drive farther than this distance to pump your tire(s), check and record the tire pressure first and add the appropriate air pres- sure when you get to the pump. If checking tire pressure when the tire is hot, never "bleed" or reduce air pressure. The tires are hot from driving and it is normal for pres- sures to increase above recommended cold pressures. A hot tire at or below recommended cold inflation pressure could be significantly under-inflated.


To check inflation pressure: 1. Remove the cap from the valve on one tire,


then firmly press the tire gauge onto the valve.


2. Add air to reach the recommended air


pressure.


3. Replace the valve cap. 4. Repeat this procedure for each tire, includ-


ing the spare.


07 Wheels and tires


Tire inflation


07


157


07 Wheels and tires


Tire inflation pressure table - U.S. models


Speed ratings The speed ratings in the tables translate as fol- lows: M = 81 mph (130 km/h) V= 149 mph (240 km/h) W= 168 mph (270 km/h) See page 160 for an explanation of the desig- nations on the sidewall of the tire.


The following tire pressures are recommended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to the tire infla- tion placard for information specific to the tires installed on your vehicle at the factory.


Cold tire pressures up to five per- sons


Front, psi (kPa)


Rear, psi (kPa)


35 (240)


35 (240)


Tire size


195/65R15
205/55R16
215/55R16
235/45R17


235/40R18


39 (270)


61 (420)


Temporary spare tire T125/80R17


39 (270)


61 (420)


Load ratings The load ratings in the tables above translate as follows: 91 = 1365 lbs (615 kg) 93 = 1433 lbs (650 kg) 99 = 1709 lbs (755 kg)


07


158


07 Wheels and tires


Tire inflation pressure table - Canadian models


The following tire pressures are recommended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to the tire infla-


tion placard for information specific to the tires installed on your vehicle at the factory.


Tire size


Cold tire pressures up to five persons psi (kPa) Optional pressure up to three persons psi (kPa)


195/65R15
205/55R16
215/55R16
235/45R17


235/40R18


Temporary spare tire T125/80R17


Front


38 (260)


39 (270)


61 (420)


Rear


38 (260)


39 (270)


61 (420)


Front


32 (220)


35 (240)


61 (420)


Rear


32 (220)


35 (240)


61 (420)


07


159


07 Wheels and tires


Tire designations


95: The tire's load index. In this example, a load index of 95 equals a maximum load of 1521 lbs (690 kg). H: The tire's speed rating, or the maximum speed at which the tire is designed to be driven for extended periods of time, carry- ing a permissible load for the vehicle, and with correct inflation pressure. For exam- ple, H indicates a speed rating of 130 mph (210 km/h).


NOTE


This information may not appear on the tire because it is not required by law.


10


11


12


Federal law mandates that tire manufacturers place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires (see the illustration). The following information is listed on the tire sidewall: The tire designation (the following figures are examples of a tire designation):


215: the width of the tire (in millimeters) from sidewall edge to sidewall edge. The larger the number, the wider the tire. 65: The ratio of the tire's height to its width.


R: Radial tire.


15: The diameter of the wheel rim (in inches).


07


160


M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow; AT = All Terrain; AS = All Season U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN): This begins with the letters "DOT" and indi- cates that the tire meets all federal stand- ards. The next two numbers or letters are the plant code where it was manufactured, the next two are the tire size code and the last four numbers represent the week and year the tire was built. For example, the numbers 317 mean the 31st week of 1997. After 2000 the numbers go to four digits. For example, 2501 means the 25th week of 2001. The numbers in between are mar- keting codes used at the manufacturer's discretion. This information helps a tire manufacturer identify a tire for safety recall purposes. Tire Ply Composition and Material Used: Indicates the number of plies indicates or the number of layers of rubber-coated fab- ric in the tire tread and sidewall. Tire man- ufacturers also must indicate the ply mate- rials in the tire and the sidewall, which include steel, nylon, polyester, and others.


Maximum Load: Indicates the maximum load in pounds and kilograms that can be carried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tire information placard or the safety certifica- tion label, located on the B-Pillar or the driver's door or on the inside of the fuel filler door on Canadian models, for the correct tire pressure for your vehicle. Treadwear, Traction, and Temperature grades: see page 163 for more informa- tion. Maximum permissible inflation pressure: the greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.


Tire suppliers may have additional markings, notes or warnings such as standard load, radial tubeless, etc.


07 Wheels and tires


Tire designations


07


161


information can be found on the tire infla- tion placard(s) located on the driver's side B-pillar or on the inside of the fuel filler door on Canadian models, and in the tire infla- tion table in this chapter.


• Cold tires: The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the surrounding (ambient) air. This tem- perature is normally reached after the vehi- cle has been parked for at least 3 hours.


07 Wheels and tires


Glossary of tire terminology


Tire suppliers may have additional markings, notes or warnings such as standard load, radial tubeless, etc. • Tire information placard: A placard


showing the OE (Original Equipment) tire sizes, recommended inflation pressure, and the maximum weight the vehicle can carry.


• Tire Identification Number (TIN): A num- ber on the sidewall of each tire providing information about the tire brand and man- ufacturing plant, tire size and date of man- ufacturer.


• Inflation pressure: A measure of the


amount of air in a tire.


• Standard load: A class of P-metric or Met- ric tires designed to carry a maximum load at 35 psi [37 psi (2.5 bar) for Metric tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this pressure will not increase the tires load carrying capability.


• Extra load: A class of P-metric or Metric tires designed to carry a heavier maximum load at 41 psi [43 psi (2.9 bar) for Metric tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this pressure will not increase the tires load carrying capability.


• kPa: Kilopascal, a metric unit of air pres-


sure.


07


162


• PSI: Pounds per square inch, a standard


unit of air pressure.


• B-pillar: The structural member at the side


of the vehicle behind the front door.


• Bead area of the tire: Area of the tire next


to the rim.


• Sidewall of the tire: Area between the


bead area and the tread.


• Tread area of the tire: Area of the perim- eter of the tire that contacts the road when mounted on the vehicle.


• Rim: The metal support (wheel) for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upon which the tire beads are seated.


• Maximum load rating: a figure indicating


the maximum load in pounds and kilo- grams that can be carried by the tire. This rating is established by the tire manufac- turer.


• Maximum permissible inflation pres-


sure: the greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.


• Recommended tire inflation pressure: inflation pressure, established by Volvo, which is based on the type of tires that are mounted on a vehicle at the factory. This inflation pressure is affected by the number of occupants in the vehicle, the amount of cargo, and the speed at which the vehicle will be driven for a prolonged period. This


Permissible axle weight The maximum allowable weight that can be carried by a single axle (front or rear). These numbers are shown on the Federal/Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/ CMVSS) label. The total load on each axle must never exceed its maximum permissible weight.


Gross vehicle weight (GVW) The vehicle's curb weight + cargo + passen- gers.


NOTE


• The location of the various labels in your


vehicle can be found on page 234.


• A table listing important weight limits for


your vehicle can be found on page 238.


Properly loading your vehicle will provide maxi- mum return of vehicle design performance. Before loading your vehicle, familiarize yourself with the following terms for deter-mining your vehicle's weight ratings, with or without a trailer, from the vehicle's Federal/Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/ CMVSS) label, and the vehicle's tire informa- tion placard:


Curb weight The weight of the vehicle including a full tank of fuel and all standard equipment. It does not include passengers, cargo, or optional equip- ment.


Capacity weight All weight added to the curb weight, including cargo and optional equipment. When towing, trailer hitch tongue load is also part of cargo weight.


NOTE


For trailer towing information, please refer to the section "Towing a trailer" on page 143.


07 Wheels and tires


Vehicle loading


Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement "the combined


weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX pounds" on your vehi- cle's placard.


2. Determine the combined weight of the


driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.


3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver


and passengers from XXX kilograms or XXX pounds.


4. The resulting figure equals the available


amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if the "XXX" amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb. passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1400-750 (5
× 150) = 650 lbs.)


5. Determine the combined weight of luggage


and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual1to determine


6.


07


(cid:96)(cid:96)


163


07 Wheels and tires


Vehicle loading


how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.


WARNING


• Exceeding the permissible axle weight,


gross vehicle weight, or any other weight rating limits can cause tire over- heating resulting in permanent defor- mation or catastrophic failure.


• Do not use replacement tires with lower load carrying capacities than the tires that were original equipment on the vehicle because this will lower the vehi- cle's GVW rating. Replacement tires with a higher limit than the originals do not increase the vehicle's GVW rating limitations.


07


164


1 See "Towing a trailer" see page 143.


ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES Quality grades can be found, where applicable, on the tire sidewall between the tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A


TREADWEAR The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified gov- ernment test course. For example, a tire gra- ded 150 would wear one and one half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and many depart signifi- cantly from the norm due to variation in driving habits, maintenance practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.


TRACTION The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test sur- faces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance.


WARNING


The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a measure of cornering (turning) traction.


TEMPERATURE The temperature grades are AA (the highest), A, B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dis- sipate heat when tested under controlled con- ditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corre- sponds to a minimum level of performance that all passenger vehicle tires must meet under the Federal Motor Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of per- formance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.


07 Wheels and tires


Uniform Tire Quality Grading


WARNING


The temperature grade for this tire is estab- lished for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underin- flation, or excessive loading, either sepa- rately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and tire failure.


07


165


07 Wheels and tires


Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires


Snow chains Snow chains can be used on your Volvo with the following restrictions: • Snow chains should be installed on front


wheels only. Use only Volvo approved snow chains.


• If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tires and wheels are installed and are of a size different than the original tires and wheels, chains in some cases CANNOT be used. Sufficient clearances between chains and brakes, suspension and body components must be maintained.


• Some strap-on type chains will interfere


with brake components and therefore CANNOT be used.


• All Wheel Drive models: Snow chains should only be installed on the front wheels. Only chains adapted for AWD models should be used.


Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snow chain information.


07


166


1 Where permitted


cornering, braking, and accelerating. Fail- ure to do so could reduce traction to an unsafe level or adversely affect handling. • Do not mix tires of different design as this could also negatively affect overall tire road grip.


• Winter tires wear more quickly on dry roads in warm weather. They should be removed when the winter driving season has ended.


• Studded tires should be run-in


300-600 miles (500-1000 km) during which the vehicle should be driven as smoothly as possible to give the studs the opportu- nity to seat properly in the tires. The tires should have the same rotational direction throughout their entire lifetime.


NOTE


Please consult state or provincial regula- tions restricting the use of studded winter tires before installing such tires.


CAUTION


• Check local regulations regarding the use of snow chains before installing.


• Always follow the chain manufacturer's installation instructions carefully. Install chains as tightly as possible and retighten periodically.


• Never exceed the chain manufacturer's specified maximum speed limit. (Under no circumstances should you exceed 31 mph (50 km/h)).


• Avoid bumps, holes or sharp turns


when driving with snow chains.


• The handling of the vehicle can be


adversely affected when driving with chains. Avoid fast or sharp turns as well as locked wheel braking.


Snow tires, studded tires1


Tires for winter use: • Owners who live in or regularly commute through areas with sustained periods of snow or icy driving conditions are strongly advised to fit suitable winter tires to help retain the highest degree of traction.


• It is important to install winter tires on all four wheels to help retain traction during


The spare tire in your vehicle is called a "Tem- porary Spare". Recommended tire pressure (see the placard on the B-pillar or on the fuel filler door) should be maintained irrespective of which position on the vehicle the temporary spare tire is used on. In the event of damage to this tire, a new one can be purchased from your Volvo retailer.


WARNING


Current legislation prohibits the use of the "Temporary Spare" tire other than as a tem- porary replacement for a punctured tire. It must be replaced as soon as possible by a standard tire. Road holding and handling may be affected with the "Temporary Spare" in use. Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h).


CAUTION


The vehicle must not be driven with wheels of different dimensions or with a spare tire other than the one that came with the vehi- cle. The use of different size wheels can seriously damage your vehicle's transmis- sion.


07 Wheels and tires


Temporary spare


07


167


an aid in detecting a suspension problem. Each tire, if left in place, tells a story about the sus- pension. Tire rotation, on the other hand, could make suspension wear harder to detect. Early detection is very important, because suspen- sion problems can make tire wear worse. If you do rotate your tires… Please follow the tire manufacturer's recom- mendations, as outlined in the tire manufactur- ers tire warranty pamphlet. Your Volvo retailer can also provide guidance based on your particular driving circumstan- ces.


07 Wheels and tires


Tire rotation


The arrows shows the direction of rotation of the tire


Summer and winter tires • When switching between summer and winter tires, mark the tires to indicate where they were mounted on the car, e.g., LF = left front, RR = right rear


• Tires with tread designed to roll in only one direction are marked with an arrow on the sidewall.


• Incorrectly mounted tires impair the car's


braking properties and ability to force aside rain, snow and slush.


• The tires with the most tread should always


be at the rear (to reduce the risk of skid- ding).


07


168


• Contact a Volvo workshop if you are


unsure about the tread depth.


Tire rotation Your vehicle has no recommended tire rota- tion. The following information is intended to help you understand why. Tread set As a tire ages and the rubber cures, front and rear tires set at different angles. Therefore, if tires are rotated, the tread will eventually set at an angle that is a compromise. Even if ride, handling, and road noise may still seem acceptable, they may not be optimal. Further, tires that are rotated, but not on a regular basis, may actually cause more tire noise, faster tire wear, and unpleasant changes in steering feel and vehicle handling. A tire that can fully adapt to its position will provide better steering feel, lower tire noise, and better fuel economy. Braking stability performance Your vehicle is driven mainly by the front tires, which will wear faster. This can be beneficial. Having more tread on the rear tires will help reduce oversteer. Oversteer is when a vehicle wants to keep turning because of momentum and dynamic forces on its suspension. Suspension wear diagnostics Every suspension needs periodic inspection and maintenance. A tire's wear pattern can be


1


Insert flat end of lug wrench and turn/pull straight out The spare wheel is located under the carpet on the trunk floor. The jack and crank are secured in the wheel recess. There are two jack attachment points on each side of the vehicle (see illustration below).


To change a wheel: 1. Engage the parking brake. 2. Put the gear selector in P (automatic trans- mission) or reverse (manual transmission).


Loosen the wheel bolts 3. Remove the wheel cap (where applicable)


using the lug wrench in the tool bag.


4. With the vehicle still on the ground, use the lug wrench to loosen the wheel bolts 1/2 - 1 turn by exerting downward pressure. Turn the bolts counterclockwise to loosen.


07 Wheels and tires


Changing wheels


Loading...
x