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D A safety chain must always be used between the towing vehicle and the trailer. Leave sufficient slack in the chain for turns. The chain should cross under to prevent the tongue from dropping to the ground in case it becomes dam- aged or separated. For correct safety chain procedures, follow the hitch or trailer manufacturer’s recommenda- tions.


tongue


trailer


the


CAUTION


D If the total trailer weight exceeds 453 kg (1000 lb.), trailer brakes are required.


D Never tap


into your vehicle’s hy- draulic system as it would lower its braking effectiveness.


D Never tow a trailer without using a safety chain securely attached to both the trailer and the vehicle. If damage occurs to the coupling unit or hitch ball, there is danger of the trailer wandering over into another lane.


167


TIRES D Ensure


that your vehicle’s


tires are properly inflated. Adjust the tire pres- sure tire pressure indicated below (see Chapter 7−2 for instructions.):


recommended cold


the


to


Tire pressure, kPa (kgf/cm2 or bar, psi)


5S−FE engine


Front Rear


210 (2.1, 30) 210 (2.1, 30)


1MZ−FE engine


Front Rear


220 (2.2, 32) 220 (2.2, 32)


D The trailer tires should be inflated to the pressure recommended by the trail- er manufacturer in respect to the total trailer weight.


local


local


TRAILER LIGHTS D Trailer lights must comply with federal, regulations. state/provincial and See your recreational vehicle dealer or rental agency for the correct type of wiring and relays for your trail- er. Check for correct operation of the turn signals and stop lights each time you hitch up. Direct splicing may dam- age your vehicle’s electrical system and cause a malfunction of your lights.


BREAK−IN SCHEDULE D Toyota recommends


that you do not tow a trailer with a new vehicle or a vehicle with any new power train com- ponent (engine, transmission, differen- tial, wheel bearing, etc.) for the first 800 km (500 miles) of driving.


MAINTENANCE D If you tow a trailer, your vehicle will require more frequent maintenance due to the additional load. For this informa- tion, please the scheduled maintenance information in the ”Own- er’s Manual Supplement/Maintenance Schedule”.


refer


to


168


D Retighten all fixing bolts of the towing ball and bracket after approximately 1000 km (600 miles) of trailer driving.


PRE−TOWING SAFETY CHECK D Check that your vehicle remains level when a loaded or unloaded trailer is hitched. Do not drive if the vehicle has an abnormal nose−up or nose−down condition, and check improper tongue load, overload,worn suspension or other possible causes.


for


D Make sure the trailer cargo is securely


loaded so that it can not shift.


D Check that your rear view mirrors con- form to any applicable federal, state/ provincial or If not, install the rear view mirrors required for towing purpose.


local regulation.


TRAILER TOWING TIPS When towing a trailer, your vehicle will handle differently than when not tow- ing. The three main causes of vehicle− trailer accidents are driver error, exces- sive speed and improper trailer loading. Keep these in mind when towing: D Before starting out, check operation of the lights and all vehicle−trailer connec- tions. After driving a short distance, stop and recheck the lights and con- nections. Before actually towing a trail- er, practice turning, stopping and back- ing with a trailer in an area away from traffic until you learn the feel.


D Backing with a trailer is difficult and requires practice. Grip the bottom of the steering wheel and move your hand to the left to move the trailer to the left. Move your hand to the right to move the trailer to the right. (This pro- cedure that when backing without a trailer). Also, just turn the steering wheel a little at time, avoiding sharp or prolonged turning. Have someone guide you when backing to reduce the risk of an acci- dent.


is generally opposite


to


increased when


D Because stopping distance may be in- vehicle−to−vehicle distance creased, should be towing a trailer. For each 16 km/h (10 mph) of speed, allow at least one vehicle and trailer length between you and the ve- hicle ahead. Avoid sudden braking as you may skid, resulting in jackknifing and loss of control. This is especially true on wet or slippery surfaces.


D Avoid jerky starts or sudden accelera- tion. If your vehicle has a manual transmission, prevent excessive clutch slippage by keeping engine rpm low and not racing the engine. Always start out in first gear.


D Avoid jerky steering and sharp turns. The trailer could hit your vehicle in a tight turn. Slow down before making a turn to avoid the necessity of sudden braking.


D Remember that when making a turn, the trailer wheels will be closer than the vehicle wheels to the inside of the turn. Therefore, compensate for this by making a turning radius with your vehicle.


than normal


larger


D Crosswinds and rough roads will ad- versely affect handling of your vehicle and trailer, causing sway. Pay attention to the rear from time to time to pre- pare yourself for being passed by large trucks or buses, which may cause your vehicle and trailer to sway. If swaying happens, firmly grip the steering wheel and immediately but gradually. Never increase speed. Steer straight ahead. If you make no extreme correction with the steering or brakes, the vehicle and trailer will stabilize.


reduce speed


D Be careful when passing other ve- hicles. Passing requires considerable distance. After passing a vehicle, do not forget the length of your trailer and be sure you have plenty of room be- fore changing lanes.


D In order to maintain engine braking effi- ciency do not use fifth gear (manual transmission) or overdrive (automatic transmission).


(at


D Because of the added load of the trail- er, your vehicle’s engine may overheat on hot days temperatures over 30_C [85_F]) when going up a long or steep grade with a trailer. If the engine coolant indicates overheating, immediately turn off the air conditioning (if in use), pull off the road and stop in a safe spot. Refer to ”If your vehicle overheats” in Part 4 of this manual.


temperature gauge


D Always place wheel blocks under both the vehicle and trailer wheels when parking. Apply the parking brake firmly. Put the transmission in ”P” (automatic) or in first or reverse (manual). Avoid parking on a slope with a trailer, but if it cannot be avoided, do so only after performing the following:


169


CAUTION


speed


towing


D Do not exceed 72 km/h (45 mph) or the posted lim- it,whichever is lower. Because insta- bility (swaying) of a towing vehicle− trailer in- creases as the speed increases,ex- ceeding 72 km/h (45 mph) may cause loss of control.


combination


usually


D Slow down and downshift before descending steep or long downhill grades. Do not make sudden down- shifts.


long or


D Avoid holding the brake pedal down too frequently. This could cause the brakes to overheat and result in reduced braking effi- ciency.


too


1. Apply the brakes and hold. 2. Have someone place wheel blocks un- der both the vehicle and trailer wheels. 3. When the wheel blocks are in place, the


release your brakes slowly until blocks absorb the load.


4. Apply the parking brake firmly. 5. Shift into first or reverse (manual) or ”P” (automatic) and turn off the engine. When restarting out after parking on a slope: 1. With the transmission in ”P” position the clutch pedal de- the engine. transmission, be the brake pedal de-


(automatic) or pressed (With an automatic sure pressed.)


(manual), start


to keep


2. Shift into gear. 3. Release the parking brake (also foot brake on automatic transmission ve- hicles) and slowly pull or back away from the wheel blocks. Stop and apply your brakes.


4. Have someone retrieve the blocks.


170


fuel


How to save fuel and make your vehicle last longer, too Getting more kilometers/mileage from a liter/gallon of take it is easy–just easy. It will help make your vehicle last longer, too. Here are some specific tips on how to save money on both fuel and repairs: D Keep your tires inflated at the cor- rect pressure. Underinflation causes tire wear and wastes fuel. See Chapter 7−2 for instructions.


D Do not carry unneeded weight


in your vehicle. Excess weight puts a heavier the engine, causing greater fuel consumption.


load on


D Avoid lengthy warm−up idling. Once the engine is running smoothly, begin driving—but gently. Remember, howev- er, that on cold winter days this may take a little longer.


D Accelerate


slowly


smoothly. Avoid jackrabbit starts. Get into high gear as quickly as possible.


and


D Avoid long engine idling. If you have a long wait and you are not in traffic, it is better to turn off the engine and start again later.


D Avoid engine lug or overrevving. Use a gear position suitable for the road on which you are travelling.


D Avoid continuous speeding up and slowing down. Stop−and−go driving wastes fuel.


D Avoid unnecessary stopping and braking. Maintain a steady pace. Try to time the traffic signals so you only need to stop as little as possible or take advantage of through streets to avoid traffic lights. Keep a proper dis- tance from other vehicles to avoid sud- den braking. This will also reduce wear on your brakes.


D Avoid heavy traffic or traffic


whenever possible.


jams


D Do not rest your foot on the clutch or brake pedal. This causes needless wear, overheating and poor fuel econo- my.


D Maintain a moderate speed on high- ways. The faster you drive,the greater the fuel consumption. By reducing your speed, you will cut down on fuel con- sumption.


D Keep


the


front wheels


in proper alignment. Avoid hitting the curb and slow down on rough roads. Improper alignment not only causes faster tire wear but also puts an extra load on the engine, which, in turn, wastes fuel.


D Keep the bottom of your vehicle free from mud, etc. This not only lessens weight but also helps prevent corro- sion.


D Keep your vehicle tuned−up and in top shape. A dirty air cleaner, improp- er valve clearance, dirty plugs, dirty oil and grease,brakes not adjusted, etc. all lower engine performance and contrib- ute to poor fuel economy. For longer life of all parts and lower operating costs, keep all maintenance work on schedule, and if you often drive under severe conditions, see that your vehicle frequent maintenance. receives more (For scheduled maintenance informa- tion, please refer to the separate ”Own- er’s Manual Supplement/Maintenance Schedule”).


CAUTION


Never turn off the engine to coast down hills. Your power steering and brake booster will not function with- out the emission control system operates properly only when the engine is run- ning.


the engine running. Also,


171


Part 4
IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY


D If your vehicle will not start D If your engine stalls while


driving


D If your vehicle overheats D If you have a flat tire D If your vehicle needs to be


towed


D If you cannot shift automatic


transmission selector lever


D If you lose your keys D If you lose your wireless remote


control transmitter


172


If your vehicle will not start— (a) Simple checks Before making these checks, make sure you have followed the correct starting pro- cedure given in ”How to start the engine” in Part 3 and that you have sufficient fuel. If your vehicle is equipped with the engine immobiliser system, also check whether the other keys will start the engine. If they work, your key may be broken. Have the key checked at your Toyota dealer. If none of your keys work, the system is possibly broken. Call your Toyota dealer. (See ”Keys (with engine immobiliser sys- tem)” in chapter 1−2.) If the engine is not turning over or is turning over too slowly— 1. Check the battery


terminals are


that


tight and clean.


2. If the battery terminals are O.K., switch


on the interior light.


3. If the light


is out, dim or goes out when the starter is cranked, the battery is discharged. You may try jump start- ing. See ”(c) Jump starting” for further instructions.


If the light is O.K., but the engine still will not start, it needs adjustment or repair. Call a Toyota dealer or qualified repair shop.


NOTICE


Do not pull− or push−start the ve- hicle. It may damage the vehicle or the engine cause a collision when starts. Also the three−way catalytic converter may overheat and become a fire hazard.


If the engine turns over at its normal speed but will not start— 1. 5S−FE engine only—Check that all the push−on connectors are tight. (For ex- ample, connectors at the spark plugs, ignition coil and/or distributor)


2. If the connectors are O.K., the engine may be flooded because of repeated cranking. See ”(b) Starting a flooded engine” for further instructions.


(b) Starting a flooded engine If the engine will not start, your engine may be flooded because of repeated cranking. If this happens, turn the key to ”START” with the accelerator pedal held down. Keep the key and accelerator pedal so for 15 seconds and release them. Then try starting the engine with your foot off the accelerator pedal. If the engine does not start after 30 se- conds of cranking, release the key, wait a few minutes and try again. If the engine still will not start, it needs adjustment or repair. Call a Toyota dealer or qualified repair shop for assistance.


NOTICE


Do not crank for more than 30 se- conds at a time. This may overheat the starter and wiring systems.


(c) Jump starting To avoid serious personal injury and damage to your vehicle which might re- sult from battery explosion, acid burns, electrical burns, or damaged electronic components, these instructions must be followed precisely. If you are unsure about how to follow this procedure, we strongly that you seek the help of a competent me- chanic or towing service.


recommend


CAUTION


D Batteries contain sulfuric acid which is poisonous and corrosive. Wear protective safety glasses when jump starting, and avoid spilling acid on your skin, clothing, or vehicle.


D If you should accidentally get acid on yourself or in your eyes, remove any contaminated clothing and flush the affected area with water imme- diately. Then get immediate medical attention. If possible, continue to apply water with a sponge or cloth while enroute to the medical office.


D The gas normally produced by a battery will explode if a flame or spark is brought near. Use only standardised jumper cables and do not smoke or light a match while jump starting.


NOTICE


The battery used for boosting must be 12 V. Do not jump start unless you are sure that the booster battery is correct.


173


Discharged battery


Booster battery


Jumper cable


Positive terminal (”+” mark)


Jumper cable


Positive terminal (”+” mark)


Discharged battery


Negative terminal (”−” mark)


Booster battery


4. Make the cable connections in the or-


der a, b, c, d. a. Connect the clamp of the positive (red) jumper cable to the positive ( ) terminal on the discharged battery. b. Connect the clamp at the other end of the positive (red) jumper cable to the positive ( ) terminal on the booster battery.


c. Connect the clamp of the negative (black) jumper cable to the negative ( ) terminal on the booster battery. d. Connect the clamp at the other end of the negative (black) jumper cable to a solid, stationary, unpainted, metallic point of the vehicle with the discharged battery. The recommended connecting points are shown in the following illustrations:


JUMP STARTING PROCEDURE 1. If


the booster battery


installed in another vehicle, make sure the vehicles are not touching. Turn off all unneces- sary lights and accessories.


is


2. If required, remove all the vent plugs from the booster and discharged batter- ies. Lay a cloth over the open vents on the batteries. (This helps reduce the explosion hazard, personal injuries and burns.)


3. If the engine in the vehicle with the booster battery is not running, start it and let it run for a few minutes. During jump starting run the engine at about 2000 rpm with the accelerator pedal lightly depressed.


174


If your engine stalls while driving If your engine stalls while driving... 1. Reduce your speed gradually, keeping a straight line. Move cautiously off the road to a safe place.


2. Turn on your emergency flashers. 3. Try starting the engine again. If the engine will not start, see ”If your vehicle will not start”.


CAUTION


If the engine is not running, the pow- er assist for the brakes and steering will not work so steering and braking will be much harder than usual.


Do not connect it to or near any part that moves when the engine is cranked.


CAUTION


the connections,


When making to avoid serious injury, do not lean over the battery or accidentally the jumper cables or clamps touch any- thing except the correct battery termi- nals or the ground.


let


Connecting point for 5S−FE engine


5. Start your engine in the normal way. After starting, run it at about 2000 rpm for several minutes with the accelerator pedal lightly depressed.


6. Carefully disconnect the cables in the exact reverse order: the negative cable and then the positive cable.


7. Carefully dispose of the battery cover cloths—they may now contain sulfuric acid.


8. If removed, replace all the battery vent


plugs.


If the cause of your battery discharging is not apparent (for example, lights left on), you should have it checked.


Connecting point for 1MZ−FE engine


175


6. After


the engine coolant


temperature has cooled to normal, again check the coolant level in the reservoir. If neces- sary, bring it up to half full again. Seri- ous coolant loss indicates a leak in the system. You should have it checked as soon as possible at your Toyota dealer.


If your vehicle overheats If your engine coolant temperature gauge indicates overheating, if you ex- perience a loss of power, or if you hear a loud knocking or pinging noise, the engine has probably overheated. You should follow this procedure... 1. Pull safely off the road, stop the ve- turn on your emergency hicle and flashers. Put the transmission in ”P” (automatic) or neutral (manual) and ap- ply the parking brake. Turn off the air conditioning if it is being used.


2. If coolant or steam is boiling out of the radiator or reservoir,stop the engine. Wait until the steam subsides before opening the hood. If there is no coolant boiling over or steam, leave the engine running and make sure the electric cooling fan is operating. If it is not, turn the ignition off.


CAUTION


injury, keep To help avoid personal the hood closed until there is no steam. Escaping steam or coolant is a sign of very high pressure.


3. Look for obvious coolant leaks from the radiator, hoses,and under the vehicle. However, note that water draining from the air conditioning is normal if it has been used.


CAUTION


the engine


When is running, keep hands and clothing away from the moving fan and engine drive belts.


4. If the coolant is leaking, stop the en- gine immediately. Call a Toyota dealer for assistance.


5. If there are no obvious leaks, check the coolant reservoir. If it is dry, add coolant to the reservoir while the en- gine is running. Fill it about half full.


CAUTION


Do not attempt to remove the radiator cap when the engine and radiator are hot. Serious injury could result from scalding hot fluid and steam blown out under pressure.


176


If you have a flat tire— 1. Reduce your speed gradually, keeping a straight line. Move cautiously off the road to a safe place well away from the traffic. Avoid stopping on the center divider of a highway. Park on a level spot with firm ground.


2. Stop


the engine and


turn on your


emergency flashers.


3. Firmly set the parking brake and put the transmission in ”P” (automatic) or reverse (manual).


4. Have everyone get out of the vehicle


on the side away from traffic.


5. Read oughly.


the


following


instructions


thor-


CAUTION


When jacking, be sure to observe the following to reduce the possibility of personal injury: D Follow jacking instructions. D Do not start or run the engine while is supported by the


your vehicle jack.


D Stop the vehicle on a


the transmission


level firm ground, firmly set the parking brake and put in ”P” (automatic) or (manual). Block the wheel diagonally opposite to the one being changed if neces- sary.


reverse


D Make sure to set the jack properly in the jack point. Raising the ve- hicle with improperly posi- tioned will damage the vehicle or may allow the vehicle to fall off the jack and cause personal injury.


jack


D Never get under the vehicle when the vehicle is supported by the jack alone.


D Use the jack only for lifting your


vehicle during wheel changing.


D Do not raise the vehicle with some-


one in the vehicle.


D When raising the vehicle, do not put an object on or under the jack. D Raise the vehicle only high enough


to remove and change the tire.


NOTICE


Do not continue driving with a de- flated tire. Driving even a short dis- tance can damage a tire beyond re- pair.


177


—Required tools and spare tire


tools and spare


the required


1. Get tire. 1. Wheel nut wrench 2. Jack 3. Jack handle 4. Spare tire


To prepare yourself for an emergency, you should familiarize yourself with the use of the jack, each of the tools and their stor- age locations.


Turn the jack joint by hand. To remove: Turn the joint in direction 1
until the jack is free. To store: Turn the joint in direction 2 until the jack is firmly secured to prevent it flying forward during a collision or sudden braking.


178


To remove the spare tire: 1. Loosen the nut and remove it. 2. Remove the spare tire cover. 3. Loosen the bolt and remove it. 4. Remove the spacer. Then take the spare tire out of the ve- hicle. When storing the spare tire, put it in place with the outer side of the wheel facing up. Then secure the above removal steps in reverse order to prevent forward during a collision or sudden braking.


repeating


tire by


flying


from


the


it


—Blocking the wheel


—Removing wheel ornament


3. Remove the wheel ornament. Pry off the beveled end of the wheel nut wrench as shown.


the wheel ornament, using


CAUTION


Do not try to pull off the ornament by hand. Take due care in handling the ornament to avoid unexpected person- al injury.


Steel wheels


2. Block the wheel diagonally opposite the flat tire to keep the vehicle from rolling when it is jacked up.


When blocking the wheel, place a wheel block from the front for the front wheels or from the rear for the rear wheels.


Aluminium wheels


179


—Loosening wheel nuts


—Positioning the jack


—Raising your vehicle


5. Position the jack at the correct jack


point as shown.


Make sure the jack level and solid place.


is positioned on a


6. After making sure that no one is in the vehicle, raise it high enough so that the spare tire can be installed. Remember you will need more ground clearance when putting on the spare tire than when removing the flat tire. To raise the vehicle, insert the jack handle into the jack (it is a loose fit) and turn it clockwise. As the jack touches the vehicle and begins to lift, double−check that it is properly positioned.


4. Loosen all the wheel nuts. Always loosen the wheel nuts before rais- ing the vehicle. The nuts turn counterclockwise to loosen. To get maximum leverage, fit the wrench to the nut so that the handle is on the right side, as shown above. Grab the wrench near the end of the handle and pull up on the handle. Be careful that the wrench does not slip off the nut. Do not remove the nuts yet—just unscrew them about one−half turn.


180


—Changing wheels


CAUTION


Never get under the vehicle when the vehicle jack alone.


is supported by


the


7. Remove the wheel nuts and change


tires. the


it


flat


the spare wheel


tire straight off and put


Lift aside. Roll into position and align the holes in the wheel with the bolts. Then lift up the wheel and get at least the top bolt started through its hole. Wiggle the tire and press it back over the other bolts.


Before putting on wheels, remove any cor- rosion on the mounting surfaces with a wire brush or such. Installation of wheels without good metal−to−metal contact at the mounting surface can cause wheel nuts to loosen and eventually cause a wheel to come off while driving. Therefore after the first 1600 km (1000 miles), check to see that the wheel nuts are tight.


181


—Reinstalling wheel nuts


—Lowering your vehicle


CAUTION


When lowering the vehicle, make sure all portions of your body and all oth- er persons around will not be injured as the ground.


the vehicle


lowered


to


is


8. Reinstall all the wheel nuts finger


tight.


Reinstall the wheel nuts (tapered end in- ward) and tighten them as much as you can by hand. Press back on the tire and see if you can tighten them more.


182


9. Lower


the vehicle completely and


tighten the wheel nuts.


Turn the jack handle counterclockwise to lower the vehicle. Use only the wheel nut wrench to tighten the nuts. Do not use other tools or any additional leverage other than your hands, such as a hammer, pipe or your foot. is securely en- Make sure gaged over the nut. Tighten each nut a little at a time in the order shown. Repeat the process until all the nuts are tight.


the wrench


10. Reinstall the wheel ornament. 1. Put the wheel ornament into position. On some models, align the cutout of the wheel ornament with the valve stem as shown. 2. Then tap it firmly with the side or heel


of your hand to snap it into place.


CAUTION


Take due care in handling the orna- ment to avoid unexpected personal injury.


—Reinstalling wheel ornament


Steel wheels


Aluminum wheels


—After changing wheels 11. Check the air pressure of the re- placed tire. Adjust the air pressure to the specification designed in part 8. If the pressure is low- er, drive slowly to the nearest service sta- tion and fill to the correct pressure. Do not forget to reinstall the tire inflation valve cap as dirt and moisture could get into the valve core and possibly cause air leakage. If the cap is missing, have a new one put on as soon as possible. 12. Restow all the tools, jack and flat tire securely. As soon as possible after changing wheels, the torque specified in Part 8 with a torque wrench and have a technician repair the flat tire.


the wheel nuts


tighten


to


CAUTION


Before driving, make sure all the tools, jack and flat tire are securely in place in their storage location to reduce the possibility of personal in- jury during a collision or sudden braking.


183


If your vehicle needs to be towed—


(a) Towing with wheel lift type truck— —From front


—From rear


(b) Using flat bed truck


184


If towing is necessary, we recommend you to have it done by your Toyota dealer or a commercial tow truck ser- vice. In consultation with them, have your vehicle towed using either (a) or (b). Only when you cannot receive a towing service from a Toyota dealer or com- mercial tow truck service, tow your ve- hicle carefully in accordance with the instructions given in ”—Emergency tow- ing” in this part. Proper equipment will help ensure that your vehicle is not damaged while being towed. Commercial operators are generally aware of local laws pertaining to towing. Your vehicle can be damaged is towed incorrectly. Although most operators know the correct procedure, it is possible to make a mistake. To avoid damage to your vehicle, make sure the following few precautions are observed. If necessary, show this page to the tow truck driver. TOWING PRECAUTIONS: Use a safety chain system for all towing, and abide by the state/provincial and local laws. The wheels and axle on the ground must be in good condition. If they are damaged, use a towing dolly.


the state/provincial and


if


it


(a) Towing with wheel lift type truck From front—Release the parking brake.


NOTICE


When lifting wheels, take care to en- sure adequate ground clearance for towing at the opposite end of the raised vehicle. Otherwise, the bumper and/or underbody of the towed vehicle will be damaged during towing.


From rear— D Manual transmission:


We recommend using a towing dolly under the front wheels. If you do not use a towing dolly, place the ignition key in the ”ACC” position and put the transmission in neutral.


NOTICE


Do not tow with the key removed or in the ”LOCK” position when towing from the rear without a towing dolly. The steering lock mechanism is not strong enough front wheels straight.


to hold


the


(c) Towing with sling type truck


—Emergency towing


D Automatic transmission:


Use a wheels.


towing dolly under


the


front


NOTICE


Never tow a vehicle with an automatic transmission from the rear with the front wheels on the ground, as this may cause serious damage the transmission.


to


(b) Using flat bed truck


(c) Towing with sling type truck


NOTICE


Do not tow with sling type truck, ei- ther from the front or rear. This may cause body damage.


If towing is necessary, we recommend you to have it done by your Toyota dealer or a commercial tow truck ser- vice. If towing service is not available in an emergency, your vehicle may be tempo- rarily towed by a cable or chain se- cured to one of the emergency towing eyelets under the vehicle. Use extreme caution when towing vehicles. A driver must be in the vehicle to steer it and operate the brakes. Towing in this manner may be done only on hard−surfaced roads for a short dis- tance and at the wheels, axles, drive train,steering and brakes must all be in good condition.


low speeds. Also,


185


CAUTION


CAUTION


If you cannot shift automatic transmission selector lever


If the engine is not running, the pow- er assist for the brakes and steering will not work so steering and braking will be much harder than usual.


Use extreme caution when towing ve- hicles. Avoid sudden starts or erratic driving maneuvers which would place excessive stress on the emergency towing eyelets and towing cable or chain. The eyelets and towing cable or chain may break and cause serious injury or damage.


NOTICE


Use only a cable or chain specifically intended for use in towing vehicles. Securely fasten the cable or chain to the towing eyelets provided.


Before towing, release the parking brake and put the transmission in neutral (manu- al) or ”N” (automatic). The key must be in ”ACC” (engine off) or ”ON” (engine run- ning).


186


though


If you cannot shift the selector lever out of ”P” position to other positions even is de- pressed, use the shift lock override but- ton as follows: 1. Turn


the brake pedal


ignition key


the


to ”LOCK” the parking


position. Make sure brake is on.


2. Pry up the cover with a flat−bladed


screwdriver or equivalent.


in


in ”Keys”


their special


the suggestion given


If you lose your keys Many Toyota dealers can make a new key if you can give them the key num- ber. See Chapter 1−2. If your keys are locked in the vehicle and you cannot get a duplicate, many Toyota dealers can still open the door for you, using If you must break a window in, we suggest breaking the smallest side window be- cause it is the least expensive to replace. Be extremely cautious to avoid cuts from the glass. Vehicles with engine immobiliser system— Even if you lose only one key, contact your Toyota dealer to make a new key. If you lose all your master keys, you cannot make new keys; the whole system must be replaced.


to get


tools.


If you lose your wireless re- mote control transmitter If you lose your transmitter, you can purchase a new one at your Toyota dealer. You can use the wireless remote control system with the new transmitter. Contact your Toyota dealer for detailed information.


187


3. Insert your finger into the hole to push down the shift lock override button. You can shift out of ”P” position only while pushing the but- ton.


4. Shift into ”N” position. 5. Insert the cover. 6. Start the engine. For your safety,


keep the brake pedal depressed.


Be sure to have the system checked by your Toyota dealer as soon as possible.


Part 5
CORROSION PREVENTION AND APPEARANCE CARE


D Protecting your Toyota from


corrosion


D Washing and waxing your Toyota D Cleaning the interior


188


the


Protecting your Toyota from corrosion Toyota, through its diligent research, de- sign and use of the most advanced technology available, has done its part to help prevent corrosion and has provided you with vehicle construction. Now, it is up to you. Proper care of your Toyota can help ensure long− term corrosion prevention. The most common causes of corrosion to your vehicle are: D The accumulation of road salt, dirt and moisture in hard−to−reach areas under the vehicle.


quality


finest


D Chipping of paint, or undercoating caused by minor accidents or by stones and gravel.


Care is especially important if you live in particular areas or operate your ve- hicle under certain environmental condi- tions: D Road salt or dust control chemicals will accelerate corrosion, as will the pres- ence of salt in the air near the sea− coast or in areas of industrial pollution. D High humidity accelerates corrosion es- pecially when temperatures range just above the freezing point.


D Wetness or dampness to certain parts of your vehicle for an extended period of time, may cause corrosion even though other parts of the vehicle may be dry.


those components of


D High temperatures will cause corrosion to the vehicle which are prevented from quick−drying due to lack of proper ventilation.


The above signifies the necessity to keep your vehicle, particularly the underside, as clean as possible and to repair any dam- age to paint or protective coatings as soon as possible. To help prevent corrosion on your Toyota, follow these guidelines: Wash your vehicle frequently. It is, of course, necessary to keep your vehicle clean by regular washing, but to prevent corrosion, the following points should be observed: D If you drive on salted roads


the winter or if you live near the ocean, you should hose off the undercarriage at least once a month to minimize cor- rosion.


in


D High pressure water or steam is effec- tive for cleaning the vehicle’s underside and wheel housings. Pay particular attention to these areas as it is difficult to see all the mud and dirt. It will do more harm than good to simply wet the mud and debris without removing them. The lower edge of doors, rocker panels and frame members have drain holes which should not be allowed to clog with dirt as these areas can cause corrosion.


trapped water


in


D Wash the underside of the vehicle thor-


oughly when winter is over.


See ”Washing and waxing your Toyota” for more tips. Check the condition of your vehicle’s paint and trim. If you find any chips or scratches in the paint, touch them up im- mediately to prevent corrosion from start- ing. If the chips or scratches have gone through the bare metal, have a qualified body shop make the repair.


Check the interior of your vehicle. Wa- ter and dirt can accumulate under the floor mats and could cause corrosion. Oc- casionally check under the mats to make sure the area is dry. Be particularly care- ful when transporting chemicals, cleans- ers, fertilizers, salt, etc.; these should be transported in proper containers. If a spill or leak should occur, immediately clean and dry the area. Use mud shields on your wheels. If you drive on salted or gravel roads, mud shields help protect your vehicle. Full−size shields, which come as near to the ground as possible, are the best. We recommend that the fittings and the area where the shields are installed be treated to resist corrosion. Your Toyota dealer will be happy to assist in supplying and installing the shields if they are recommended for your area. Keep your vehicle in a well ventilated garage or a roofed place. Do not park your vehicle in a damp, poorly venti- lated garage. If you wash your vehicle in the garage, or if you drive it in covered with water or snow, your garage may be so damp it will cause corrosion. Even if your garage is heated, a wet vehicle can corrode if the ventilation is poor.


Washing and waxing your Toyota Washing your Toyota Keep your vehicle clean by regular washing. The following cases may cause weakness to the paint or corrosion to the body and parts. Wash your vehicle as soon as pos- sible. D When driving in a coastal area D When driving on a road sprinkled with


antifreeze


D When having stuck of coal


tree sap, bird droppings and carcass of an insect


tar,


D When driving in the areas where there are a lot of smoke, soot, dust, iron dust and chemical substance


D When the vehicle becomes remarkably


dirty with dust and mud Hand−washing your Toyota Work in the shade and wait until the vehicle body is not hot to the touch.


CAUTION


When cleaning under floor or chassis, be careful not to injure your hands.


189


1. Rinse off loose dirt with a hose. Re- move any mud or road salt from the underside of the wheel wells.


the vehicle or


in


2. Wash with a mild car−wash soap, mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Use a soft cotton mitt and keep it wet by dipping it frequently into the wash water. Do not rub hard—let the soap and water remove the dirt.


Aluminum wheels: Use only a mild soap or neutral detergent. Plastic bumpers: Wash carefully. Do not scrub with abrasive cleaners. The bumper faces are soft. Road turpentine or cleaners that are marked safe for painted surfaces.


tar: Remove with


NOTICE


Do not use gasoline or strong sol- vents, which may be toxic or cause damage.


3. Rinse


thoroughly—dried


can In hot weather you cause streaking. may need to rinse each section right after you wash it.


soap


190


1. Always wash and dry the vehicle be- fore you begin waxing, even if you are using a combined cleaner and wax.


2. Use a good quality polish and wax. If the finish has become extremely weath- ered, use a car−cleaning polish, fol- lowed by a separate wax. Carefully fol- low the manufacturer’s instructions and precautions. Be sure to polish and wax the chrome trim as well as the paint. the vehicle again when water does not bead but remains on the sur- face in large patches.


3. Wax


NOTICE


Always remove the plastic bumpers if your vehicle is re−painted and placed in a high heat paint waxing booth. High temperatures could damage the bumpers.


4. To prevent water spots, dry the vehicle using a clean soft cotton towel. Do not rub or press hard—you might scratch the paint.


Automatic car wash Your vehicle may be washed in an auto- matic car wash, but remember that the paint can be scratched by some type of brushes, unfiltered washing water, or the washing process itself. Scratching reduces paint durability and gloss, especially on darker colors. The manager of the car wash should be able to advise you wheth- er the process is safe for the paint on your vehicle.


NOTICE


With mast type antenna: To prevent damage to the antenna, make sure it is removed before driv- ing your Toyota through an automatic car wash.


Waxing your Toyota Polishing and waxing is recommended to maintain the original beauty of your Toyota’s finish. Once a month or if the vehicle does not repel water well, apply wax.


Cleaning the interior


CAUTION


D Vehicles with side airbags:


Be careful not to splash water or spill liquid on the floor. This may prevent the side airbags from acti- vating correctly, resulting in serious injury


D Do not wash the vehicle floor with water, or allow water to get onto the floor when cleaning the vehicle interior or exterior. Water may get into audio components or other electrical components above or un- der the floor carpet (or mat) and cause a malfunction; and it may cause body corrosion.


Vinyl interior The vinyl upholstery may be easily cleaned with a mild soap or detergent and water.


First vacuum over the upholstery to re- move loose dirt. Then, using a sponge or soft cloth, apply the soap solution to the vinyl. After allowing it to soak in for a few minutes to loosen the dirt, remove the dirt and wipe off the soap with a clean damp cloth. If all the dirt does not come off, repeat the procedure. Commercial foam- ing−type vinyl cleaners are also available which work well. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions.


NOTICE


Do not use solvent, thinner, gasoline or window cleaner on the interior.


to


foam−type shampoo


Carpets Use a good clean the carpets. Begin by vacuuming thoroughly to remove as much dirt as possible. Several types of foam cleaners are available; some are in aerosol can sand others are powders or liquids which you mix with water to pro- duce a foam. To shampoo the carpets, use a sponge or brush to apply the foam. Rub in overlapping circles.


Do not apply water—the best results are obtained by keeping the carpet as dry as possible. Read the shampoo instructions and follow them closely. Seat belts The seat belts may be cleaned with mild soap and water or with l ukewarm water. Use a cloth or sponge. As you are clean- ing, check the belts for excessive wear, fraying, or cuts.


NOTICE


Do not use dye or bleach on the belt- s—it may weaken them.


Windows The windows may be cleaned with any household window cleaner.


NOTICE


When cleaning the inside of the win- dows, be careful not to scratch or damage the heater wires on the rear window.


191


Air conditioning control panel, car au- instrument panel, c onsole panel, dio, and switches Use a soft damp cloth for cleaning. Soak a clean soft cloth in water or luke- warm water then lightly wipe off any dirt.


NOTICE


z Do not use organic substances (sol- vents, kerosene, alcohol, g asoline, etc.) or alkaline or acidic solutions. These chemicals can cause discol- oring, staining or peeling of the surface.


z If you use cleaners or polishing agents, make sure their ingredients do not include the substances men- tioned above.


z If you use a liquid car freshener, do not spill the liquid onto the ve- hicle’s interior surfaces. It may con- ingredients mentioned a - tain bove. Immediately clean any spill using the method mentioned above.


the


192


Leather Interior The leather upholstery may be cleaned with neutral detergent for wool. Remove dirt using a soft cloth dampened with 5 % solution of neutral detergent for wool. Then thoroughly wipe off all traces of detergent with a clean damp cloth. After cleaning or whenever any part of the leather gets wet, dry with a soft clean cloth. Allow the leather to dry in a venti- lated shaded area.


NOTICE


z If a stain should fail to come out with a neutral detergent, apply a cleaner that does not contain an organic solvent.


z Never use organic substances such as benzine, alcohol or gasoline, o r alkaline or acid solutions for clean- ing these could c ause discoloring.


leather


the


as


z Use of a nylon brush or synthetic fiber cloth, etc. may scratch the fine grained surface of the leather.


z Mildew may develop on soiled leath- er upholstery. Be especially careful to avoid oil spots. Try to keep your upholstery always clean.


to direct sunlight z Long exposure may cause the leather surface to harden and shrink. Keep your ve- hicle in a shaded area, especially in the summer.


z The interior of your vehicle is apt to heat up on hot summer days, so avoid placing on the upholstery items made of vinyl or plastic or containing wax as these tend to stick to leather when warm.


z Improper cleaning of the leather up- in discolor-


holstery could result ation or staining.


If you have any questions about the cleaning of your Toyota, your local Toyota dealer will be pleased to answer them.


193


Part 6
VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND CARE


D Maintenance requirements D General maintenance D Does your vehicle need


repairing?


For scheduled maintenance informa- tion, please refer to the separate ”Owner’s Manual Supplement/Main- tenance Schedule”.


194


Maintenance requirements Your Toyota vehicle has been designed to for fewer maintenance requirements with longer service intervals to save both your time and money. However, each regular maintenance, as well as day−to−day care, is more important than ever before to en- sure smooth, trouble−free, safe, and eco- nomical drivings. It is the owner’s responsibility to make sure the specified maintenance, including general maintenance service, is performed. Note that both the new vehicle and emis- sion control system warranties specify that proper maintenance and care must be per- formed. See Owner’s Guide, Owner’s Manual Supplement or Warranty Booklet for complete warranty information. General maintenance General maintenance items are those day− to−day care practices that are important to your vehicle for proper operation. It is the owner’s responsibility to insure that the general maintenance items are performed regularly. These checks or inspections can be done either by yourself or a qualified technician, or if you prefer, your Toyota dealer will be pleased to do them at a nominal cost.


the


separate


Scheduled maintenance The scheduled maintenance items listed in the ”Owner’s Manual Supplement/Mainte- nance Schedule” are those required to be serviced at regular intervals. For details of your maintenance schedule, read ”Owner’s Manual Supplement/Maintenance Schedule”. It is recommended that any replacement parts used for maintenance or for the repair of the emission control system be Toyota supplied. The owner may elect to use non−Toyota supplied parts replacement pur- poses without invalidating the emission control system warranty. However, use of replacement parts which are not of equivalent quality may impair the effec- tiveness of the emission control sys- tems. You may also elect to have mainte- nance, replacement, or repair of the emission control devices and system performed by any automotive repair es- tablishment or individual without invali- dating this warranty. See Owner’s Guide, Owner’s manual Supplement or Warranty Booklet for complete warranty information.


for


If you are a skilled do−it−yourself mechan- ic, the Toyota service manuals are recom- mended. Please be aware that do−it−your- self maintenance can affect your warranty coverage. See Owner’s Guide, Owner’s Manual Supplement or Warranty Booklet for the details.


Where to go for service? Toyota technicians are well−trained spe- cialists and are kept up to date with the latest service information through technical bulletins, service tips, and in−dealership training programs. They learn to work on Toyotas before they work on your vehicle, rather than while they are working on it. You can be confident that your Toyota dealer’s service department performs the best job to meet the maintenance require- ments on your vehicle—reliably and eco- nomically. Your copy of the repair order is proof that all required maintenance has been per- formed for warranty coverage. And if any problems should arise with your vehicle while under warranty, your Toyota dealer will promptly take care of it. Again, be sure to keep a copy of the repair order for any service performed on your Toyota. What about do−it−yourself maintenance? Many of the maintenance items are easy to do yourself if you have a little mechani- cal ability and a few basic automotive tools. Simple instructions for how to per- form them are presented in Part 7.


the


items


listed,


General maintenance Listed below are the general maintenance items that should be performed as fre- quently as specified. In addition to check- ing if you notice any unusual noise, smell or vibration, you should investigate the cause or take your vehicle to your Toyota dealer or a quali- fied service shop immediately. It is recom- mended that any problem you notice be brought to the attention of your dealer or the qualified service shop for their advice.


CAUTION


Make these checks only where ade- quate ventilation can be obtained if you run the engine.


to


time


OUTSIDE THE VEHICLE Items listed below should be performed from time, unless otherwise specified. Tire pressure Check the pressure with a gauge every two weeks, or at least once a month. See Chapter 7−2 for additional information.


195


for


the nuts


Tire surface and wheel nuts Check the tires carefully for cuts, damage or excessive wear. See Chapter 7−2 for additional information. When checking the tires, make sure no nuts are missing, and check looseness. Tighten them if necessary. Tire rotation Rotate the tires every 12000 km (7500
miles). See Chapter 7−2 for additional in- formation. Fluid leaks Check underneath for leaking fuel, oil, wa- ter or other the vehicle has been parked for a while. If you smell fuel fumes or notice any leak, have the cause found and corrected immediately. Doors and engine hood Check that all doors including trunk lid operate smoothly and all latches lock se- curely. Make sure the engine hood sec- ondary latch secures the hood from open- ing when the primary latch is released. INSIDE THE VEHICLE Items listed below should be checked regularly, e.g. while performing periodic services, cleaning the vehicle, etc.


fluid after


196


Lights Make sure the headlights, stop lights, tail lights, turn signal lights, and other lights are all working. Check headlight aim. Service reminder indicators and warning buzzers Check that all service reminder indicators and warning buzzers function properly. Steering wheel Be alert for changes in steering condition, such as hard steering or strange noise. Seats Check that all front seat controls such as seat adjusters, seatback recliner, etc. op- erate smoothly and that all latches lock securely in any position. Check that the head restraints move up and down smoothly and that the locks hold securely in any latched position. For folding−down rear seatbacks, check latches lock securely. Seat belts Check that the seat belt system such as buckles, retractors and anchors operate properly and smoothly. Make sure that the belt webbings not cut, frayed, worn or damaged.


that


the


Accelerator pedal Check the pedal for smooth operation and uneven pedal effort or catching. Clutch pedal Check the pedal for smooth operation. Brake pedal Check the pedal for smooth operation and that the pedal has the proper clearance. Check the brake booster function. Brakes At a safe place, check that the brakes do not pull to one side when applied. Parking brake Check that the lever has the proper travel and that, on a safe incline, your vehicle is held securely with only the parking brake applied. Automatic transmission ”Park” mecha- nism Check the lock release button of the se- lector lever for proper and smooth opera- tion. On a safe incline, check that your vehicle is held securely with the selector lever in ”P” position and all brakes re- leased.


Power steering fluid level Check the level through the reservoir. The level should be in the ”HOT” or ”COLD” range depending on the fluid temperature. See Chapter 7−2 for additional information. Exhaust system If you notice any change in the sound of the exhaust or smell exhaust fumes, have the cause located and corrected immedi- ately. in Part 2.)


(See engine exhaust cautions


IN THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT Items listed below should be checked from time to time, e.g. each time when refueling. Washer fluid Make sure there is sufficient fluid in the tank. See Chapter 7−3 for additional in- formation. Engine coolant level Make sure the coolant level is between the ”FULL” and ”LOW” lines on the see− through reservoir when the engine is cold. See Chapter 7−2 for additional information. Battery electrolyte level Make sure the electrolyte level of all bat- tery cells is between upper and lower lev- el lines on the case. Add only distilled water when replenishing. See Chapter 7−3
for additional information. Brake fluid level Make sure the brake fluid level is correct. See Chapter 7−2 for additional information. Engine oil level Check the level on the dipstick with the engine turned off and the vehicle parked on a level spot. See Chapter 7−2 for addi- tional information.


tip−offs


for changes


Does your vehicle need repairing? Be on the alert in perfor- mance, sounds, and visual that indicate service is needed. Some impor- tant clues are as follows: D Engine missing, stumbling, or pinging D Appreciable loss of power D Strange engine noises D A leak under the vehicle (however, wa- ter dripping from the air conditioning after use is normal.)


D Change


in exhaust sound (This may indicate a dangerous carbon monoxide leak. Drive with the windows open and have the exhaust system checked im- mediately.)


D Flat−looking tire; excessive tire squeal


when cornering; uneven tire wear


D Vehicle pulls to one side when driving


straight on a level road


D Strange noises related to suspension


movement


D Loss of brake effectiveness; spongy feeling brake or clutch pedal;pedal al- most touches floor; vehicle pulls to one side when braking


D Engine coolant temperature continually


higher than normal


197


If you notice any of these clues, take your vehicle to your Toyota dealer as soon as possible. It probably needs adjustment or repair.


CAUTION


Do not continue driving with the ve- hicle unchecked. It could result in se- rious vehicle damage and possibly personal injury.


198


199


Part 7
DO−IT−YOURSELF MAINTENANCE—


Chapter 7−1
Introduction


D Engine compartment overview D Fuse locations D Do−it−yourself service


precautions


D Parts and tools


200


Engine compartment overview "5S−FE engine


1. Power steering fluid reservoir


2. Engine coolant reservoir


3. Engine oil filler cap


4. Engine oil level dipstick


5. Brake fluid reservoir


6. Fuse blocks


7. Battery


8. Electric cooling fans


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