6. Open the access cover by removing the clips and turning the access cover counterclockwise. The oil filter will be ex- posed.
B00307
3.0-liter models
7. Remove the oil filter with an oil filter wrench.
11-12 Maintenance and service
Oil capacity (Guideline):
Oil grade:
2.5-liter models: 4.2 US qt (4.0 liters, 3.5
Imp qt)
3.0-liter models: 5.8 US qt (5.5 liters, 4.8
Imp qt)
The oil quantity indicated above is only a guideline. The necessary quantity of oil depends on the quantity of oil that has been drained. The quantity of drained oil differs slightly depending on the tempera- ture of the oil and the time the oil is left flowing out. After refilling the engine with oil, therefore, you must use the dipstick to confirm that the level is correct. 13.Start the engine and make sure that no oil leaks appear around the filter’s rubber seal and drain plug. 14.Run the engine until it reaches the nor- mal operating temperature. Then stop the engine and wait a few minutes to allow the oil drain back. Check the oil level again and if necessary, add more engine oil.
(cid:132) Recommended grade and
viscosity
Use only engine oil with the recom- mended grade and viscosity.
ILSAC GF-4, which can be identified with the ILSAC certification mark (Starburst mark) or API classification SM with the words “ENERGY CONSERVING”
These recommended oil grades can be identified by looking for either or both of the following marks displayed on the oil container.
API S E RVICE
SAE
5W-30
GY CO N S
R VING
B00446
API Service label 1) Indicates the oil quality by API designa-
2) Indicates the SAE oil viscosity grade 3) Indicates that the oil has fuel saving ca-
tions
pabilities
ILSAC Certification Mark (Starburst Mark)
B00014
In choosing an oil, you want the proper quality and viscosity, as well as one that will add to fuel economy. The following ta- ble lists the recommended viscosities and applicable temperatures. When adding oil, different brands may be used together as long as they are the same API classification and SAE viscosity as those recommended by SUBARU.
API classification SM (or SL):
SAE viscosity No.:
30, 40, 10W-50, 20W-40, 20W-50
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
-20 0
20
40
60
80 100
5W-30*
10W-30, 10W-40
B00503
SAE viscosity number and applicable temperature *: 5W-30 is preferred.
Engine oil viscosity (thickness) affects fuel economy. Oils of lower viscosity provide better fuel economy. However, in hot weather, oil of higher viscosity is required to properly lubricate the engine.
(cid:132) Recommended grade and
viscosity under severe driv- ing conditions
If the vehicle is used in desert areas, in ar- eas with very high temperatures, or used for heavy-duty applications such as tow- ing a trailer, use of oil with the following grade and viscosities is recommended.
Maintenance and service 11-13
Cooling system
Never attempt to remove the radia- tor cap until the engine has been shut off and has cooled down com- pletely. Since the coolant is under pressure, you may suffer serious burns from a spray of boiling hot coolant when the cap is removed.
(cid:121) The cooling system has been filled at the factory with a high quality, corrosion-inhibiting, year- around coolant which provides protection against freezing down to –33°F (–36°C). For adding, use genuine SUBARU coolant or an equivalent: a mixture of 50% soft water and 50% ethylene-glycol ba- sis coolant. Use of improper cool- ants may result in corrosion in the cooling system. It is important to maintain protection against freez- ing and corrosion, even if freezing temperatures are not expected. Never mix different kinds of cool- ant.
– CONTINUED –
11-14 Maintenance and service
(cid:121) Do not splash the engine coolant over painted parts. The alcohol contained in the engine coolant may damage the paint surface.
(cid:132) Hose and connections Your vehicle employs an electric cooling fan which is thermostatically controlled to operate when the engine coolant reaches a specific temperature. If the radiator cooling fan does not operate even when the engine coolant tempera- ture gauge exceeds the normal operating range, the cooling fan circuit may be de- fective. Check the fuse and replace it if necessary. If the fuse is not blown, have the cooling system checked by your SUBARU dealer. If frequent addition of coolant is neces- sary, there may be a leak in the engine cooling system. It is recommended that the cooling system and connections be checked for leaks, damage, or looseness.
(cid:132) Engine coolant (cid:84) Checking the coolant level
FULL LOW
600151
Check the coolant level at each fuel stop.
1. Check the coolant level on the outside
of the reservoir while the engine is cool.
2. If the level is close to or lower than the
“LOW” level mark, add coolant up to the
“FULL” level mark. If the reserve tank is
empty, remove the radiator cap and refill
as required.
B00018
3. After refilling the reserve tank and the
radiator, reinstall the caps and check that
the rubber gaskets inside the radiator cap
are in the proper position.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill engine cool- ant when adding it. If coolant touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If engine coolant gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
(cid:121) Do not splash the engine coolant over painted parts. The alcohol contained in the engine coolant may damage the paint surface.
(cid:84) Changing the coolant Always add genuine Subaru cooling sys- tem conditioner whenever the coolant is replaced. Change the engine coolant and add gen- uine Subaru cooling system conditioner using the following procedures according to the maintenance schedule in the “War- ranty and Maintenance Booklet”. 1. Remove the under cover.
B00422
2.5-liter models 1) Drain plug
Maintenance and service 11-15
4. Install the under cover.
B00423
3.0-liter models 1) Drain plug
2. Place a proper container under the drain plug and loosen the drain plug. 3. Loosen the radiator cap to drain the coolant from the radiator. Then drain the coolant from the reserve tank. Tighten the drain plug securely.
Non-turbo models 1) Fill up to here
B00424
Never attempt to remove the radia- tor cap until the engine has been shut off and has cooled down com- pletely. Since the coolant is under pressure, you may suffer serious burns from a spray of boiling hot coolant when the cap is removed.
Turbo models 1) Fill up to here
B00425
– CONTINUED –
11-16 Maintenance and service
5. Slowly pour the coolant and fill up to just below the filler neck, allowing enough room to add genuine Subaru cooling sys- tem conditioner in the radiator. Add genu- ine Subaru cooling system conditioner un- til the coolant level reaches the filler neck. Do not pour the coolant too quickly, as this may lead to insufficient air bleeding and trapped air in the system.
Coolant capacity (Guideline): 2.5-liter non-turbo models:
MT. 6.8 US qt (6.4 liters, 5.6 Imp qt) AT. 6.7 US qt (6.3 liters, 5.5 Imp qt)
2.5-liter turbo models:
MT. 7.7 US qt (7.3 liters, 6.4 Imp qt) AT. 7.6 US qt (7.2 liters, 6.3 Imp qt)
3.0-liter models:
7.6 US qt (7.2 liters, 6.3 Imp qt)
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill engine cool- ant when adding it. If coolant touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If engine coolant gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
(cid:121) Do not splash the engine coolant over painted parts. The alcohol contained in the engine coolant may damage the paint surface.
FULL LOW
600151
6. Pour the coolant and fill to the reservoir
tank’s “FULL” level mark.
B00018
7. Put the radiator cap back on and tight-
en firmly. At this time, make sure that the
rubber gasket in the radiator cap is cor-
rectly in place.
8. Start and run the engine for more than
five minutes at 2,000 to 3,000 rpm.
9. Stop the engine and wait until the cool-
ant cools down (122 to 140°F [50 to
60°C]). If there is any loss of coolant, add
coolant to the radiator’s filler neck and to
the reserve tank’s “FULL” level.
10.Put the radiator cap and reservoir cap
back on and tighten firmly.
Air cleaner element
(cid:84) Non-turbo models
Do not operate the engine with the air cleaner element removed. The air cleaner element not only filters in- take air but also stops flames if the engine backfires. If the air cleaner element is not installed when the en- gine backfires, you could be burned. The air cleaner element functions as a fil- ter screen. When the element is perforat- ed or removed, engine wear will be exces- sive and engine life shortened. The air cleaner element is a dry type. It is unnecessary to clean or wash the ele- ment.
(cid:132) Replacing the air cleaner ele-
ment
Replace the air cleaner element according to the maintenance schedule in the “War- ranty and Maintenance Booklet”. Under extremely dusty conditions, replace it more frequently. It is recommended that you always use genuine SUBARU parts.
B00426
1) Connector 2) Duct 3) Clamp
1. Unplug the connector that is attached to the top of the air cleaner case. 2. Remove the hose that is located at the bottom of the side surface of the air clean- er case. 3. Undo the screw and pull the air duct out of the air cleaner case. 4. Unsnap the two clamps holding the air cleaner case cover.
Maintenance and service 11-17
B00114
5. Open the air cleaner case cover and remove the air cleaner element. 6. Clean the inside of the air cleaner cov- er and case with a damp cloth and install a new air cleaner element.
B00115
– CONTINUED –
11-18 Maintenance and service
7. To install the air cleaner case cover, in- sert the three projections on the air clean- er case cover into the slits on the air clean- er case and then snap the two clamps on the air cleaner case cover. (cid:84) Turbo models
B00116
1. Use a screwdriver to undo the clips on
the air intake duct, then remove the air in-
take duct.
B00206
2. Unplug the connector that is attached
to the top of the air cleaner case.
B00201
4. Unsnap the two clamps holding the air
cleaner case cover.
At the same time, pull the hose from the
clamp that runs next to the case cover.
B00207
3. Use a screwdriver to remove the duct
that is connected to the air cleaner case
cover.
5. Open the air cleaner case cover and
B00114
remove the air cleaner element. 6. Clean the inside of the air cleaner cov- er and case with a damp cloth and install a new air cleaner element.
Spark plugs
(cid:132) Recommended spark plugs
Maintenance and service 11-19
(cid:121) When disconnecting the spark plug cables, always grasp the spark plug cap, not the cables.
(cid:121) Make sure the cables are replaced
in the correct order.
2.5-liter non-turbo models:
FR5AP-11 (NGK)
2.5-liter turbo and 3.0-liter models:
ILFR6B (NGK)
B00115
7. To install the air cleaner case cover, in- sert the three projections on the air clean- er case cover into the slits on the air clean- er case and then snap the two clamps on the air cleaner case cover.
B00027
It may be difficult to replace the spark
plugs. It is recommended that you have
the spark plugs
replaced by your
SUBARU dealer.
The spark plugs should be replaced ac-
cording to the maintenance schedule in
the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.
11-20 Maintenance and service
Drive belts The alternator, power steering pump, and air conditioner compressor depend on drive belts. Satisfactory performance re- quires that belt tension be correct.
(cid:132) 2.5-liter models
B00365
1) Power steering pump pulley 2) Air conditioner compressor pulley 3) Crank pulley
in (mm)
Deflection
New belt
0.28 – 0.35 (7.0 – 9.0)
0.30 – 0.33 (7.5 – 8.5)
Used belt
0.35 – 0.43 (9.0 – 11.0)
0.35 – 0.40 (9.0 – 10.0)
To check belt tension, place a straight- edge (ruler) across two adjacent pulleys and apply a force of 22 lbs (98 N, 10 kg) midway between the pulleys by using a spring scale. Belt deflection should be the amount specified.
(cid:132) 3.0-liter models It is unnecessary to check belt tension pe- riodically because your engine is equipped with an automatic belt tension adjuster. However, replacement of the belt should be done according to the maintenance schedule in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”. Consult your SUBARU dealer for replacement. If a belt is loose, cracked, or worn, contact your SUBARU dealer.
Manual transmission oil (cid:132) Checking the oil level
Non-turbo models 1) Yellow handle
B00427
Maintenance and service 11-21
(cid:132) Recommended grade and
viscosity
Each oil manufacturer has its own base oils and additives. Never use different brands together.
Oil grade:
API classification GL-5
-30 -20 -10
10
20
30
40
-20
20
40
60
80
100
90
85W
80W
75W/90
SAE viscosity No. and applicable tem- perature
B00032
B00196
B00368
Turbo models
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and stop the engine. 2. Pull out the dipstick, wipe it clean, and insert it again.
1) Upper level 2) Lower level
3. Pull out the dipstick again and check the oil level on it. If it is below the lower level, add oil through the dipstick hole to bring the level up to the upper level.
Be careful not to spill manual trans- mission oil when adding it. If oil touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If oil gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
11-22 Maintenance and service
Automatic transmission fluid (cid:132) Checking the fluid level The automatic transmission fluid expands largely as its temperature rises; the fluid level differs according to fluid tempera- ture. Therefore, there are two different scales for checking the level of hot fluid and cold fluid on the dipstick. Though the fluid level can be checked without warming up the fluid on the “COLD” range, we recommend checking the fluid level when the fluid is at operating temperature. (cid:84) Checking the fluid level when the
fluid is hot
Check the fluid level monthly.
1. Drive the vehicle several miles to raise
the temperature of the transmission fluid
up to normal operating temperature; 158
to 176°F (70 to 80°C) is normal.
2. Park the vehicle on a level surface and
set the parking brake.
3. First shift the selector lever in each po-
sition. Then shift it in the “P” position, and
run the engine at idling speed.
4-speed automatic transmission 1) Yellow handle
B00428
5-speed automatic transmission 1) Yellow handle
B00429
B00370
1) HOT range 2) COLD range 3) Upper level 4) Lower level
4. Pull out the dipstick and check the fluid level on the gauge. If it is below the lower level on the “HOT” range, add the recom- mended automatic transmission fluid up to the upper level. (cid:84) Checking the fluid level when the
fluid is cold
When the fluid level has to be checked without time to warm up the automatic transmission, check to see that the fluid level is between the lower level and upper level on the “COLD” range. If it is below that range, add fluid up to the upper level. Be careful not to overfill.
Front differential gear oil (AT vehicles) (cid:132) Checking the oil level
B00430
1) Yellow handle
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and stop the engine. 2. Pull out the dipstick, wipe it clean, and insert it again.
Be careful not to spill automatic transmission fluid when adding it. If automatic transmission fluid touch- es the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If au- tomatic transmission fluid gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
(cid:132) Recommended fluid
Use one of the following types of automat- ic transmission fluid.
Genuine Subaru Automatic Transmis- sion Fluid Type-HP IDEMITSU ATF HP Castrol Transmax J Pennzoil ATF-J* * Available only in the USA (except Alaska and Hawaii)
NOTE Using any non-specified type of auto- matic transmission fluid could result in damage inside the transmission. When replacing the automatic transmission fluid, be sure to use the kind specified above.
Maintenance and service 11-23
B00372
1) Upper level 2) Lower level
3. Pull out the dipstick again and check the oil level on it. If it is below the lower level, add oil to bring the level up to the up- per level.
Be careful not to spill front differen- tial gear oil when adding it. If oil touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If oil gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
– CONTINUED –
11-24 Maintenance and service
(cid:132) Recommended grade and
viscosity
Each oil manufacturer has its own base oils and additives. Never use different brands together.
Oil grade:
API classification GL-5
-30 -20 -10
10
20
30
40
-20
20
40
60
80
100
90
Rear differential gear oil (cid:132) Checking the gear oil level Your vehicle may be equipped with a rear differential protector. The differential pro- tector provides protection to the rear dif- ferential assembly during off-road use. Removal of the rear differential protector is not required when checking the oil level.
85W
80W
75W/90
B00032
B00410
SAE viscosity No. and applicable tem- perature
2.5i (AT) 1) Filler plug 2) Drain plug
2.5i (AT) 1) Filler hole 2) Drain hole 3) Oil level
B00411
Maintenance and service 11-25
B00433
B00320
2.5-liter turbo and 3.0-liter models (AT) 1) Filler plug 2) Drain plug
2.5-liter turbo and 3.0-liter models (AT) 1) Filler hole 2) Drain hole 3) Oil level
Others 1) Filler plug 2) Drain plug
B00373
– CONTINUED –
11-26 Maintenance and service
Others 1) Filler hole 2) Drain hole 3) Oil level
B00434
Remove the plug from the filler hole and check the oil level. The oil level should be kept even with the bottom of the filler hole. If the oil level is below the bottom edge of the hole, add oil through the filler hole to raise the level.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill rear differ- ential gear oil when adding it. If rear differential gear oil touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If rear differential gear oil gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
(cid:121) If the vehicle requires frequent re- filling, there may be an oil leak. If you suspect a problem, have the vehicle checked at your SUBARU dealer.
(cid:132) Recommended grade and
viscosity
Each oil manufacturer has its own base oils and additives. Never use different brands together.
Oil grade:
API classification GL-5
-30 -20 -10
10
20
30
40
-20
20
40
60
80
100
90
85W
80W
75W/90
SAE viscosity No. and applicable tem- perature
B00032
Maintenance and service 11-27
If the fluid level is extreme low, it may indi- cate possible leakage. Consult your SUBARU dealer for inspection.
(cid:132) Recommended fluid
“Dexron III” Type Automatic Transmis- sion Fluid
Power steering fluid (cid:132) Checking the fluid level
HOT MAX
COLD MAX
HOT MIN
COLD MIN
B00124
Be careful not to burn yourself be- cause the fluid may be hot.
(cid:121) When power steering fluid is be- ing added, use only clean fluid, and be careful not to allow any dirt into the tank. And never use dif- ferent brands together.
(cid:121) Avoid spilling fluid when adding it
in the tank.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill power steer- ing fluid when adding it. If power steering fluid touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If power steering fluid gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
The power steering fluid expands greatly as its temperature rises; the fluid level dif- fers according to fluid temperature. There- fore, the reservoir tank has two different checking ranges for hot and cold fluids. Check the power steering fluid level monthly. 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface, and stop the engine. 2. Check the fluid level of the reservoir tank. When the fluid is hot after the vehicle has been run: Check that the oil level is be- tween “HOT MIN” and “HOT MAX” on the surface of the reservoir tank. When the fluid is cool before the vehicle is run: Check that the oil level is between “COLD MIN” and “COLD MAX” on the sur- face of the reservoir tank. 3. If the fluid level is lower than the appli- cable “MIN” line, add the recommended fluid as necessary to bring the level be- tween the “MIN” and “MAX” line.
11-28 Maintenance and service
Brake fluid (cid:132) Checking the fluid level
(cid:121) Never let brake fluid contact your eyes because brake fluid can be harmful to your eyes. If brake fluid gets in your eyes, immediately flush them thoroughly with clean water. For safety, when perform- ing this work, wearing eye protec- tion is advisable.
(cid:121) Brake fluid absorbs moisture from the air. Any absorbed moisture can cause a dangerous loss of braking performance.
(cid:121) If the vehicle requires frequent re- filling, there may be a leak. If you suspect a problem, have the vehi- cle checked at your SUBARU dealer.
Use only brake fluid from a sealed con- tainer.
(cid:132) Recommended brake fluid
FMVSS No. 116, fresh DOT 3 or 4 brake flu- id
(cid:121) When adding brake fluid, be care- ful not to allow any dirt into the reservoir.
(cid:121) Never splash the brake fluid over painted surfaces or rubber parts. Alcohol contained in the brake flu- id may damage them.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill brake fluid when adding it. If brake fluid touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If brake fluid gets on the ex- haust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
Check the fluid level monthly.
(cid:121) Never use different brands of brake fluid together. Also, avoid mixing DOT 3 and DOT 4 brake flu- ids even if they are of the same brand.
B00125
Check the fluid level on the outside of the reservoir. If the level is below “MIN”, add the recommended brake fluid to “MAX”.
Clutch fluid (MT vehicles) (cid:132) Checking the fluid level
Never let clutch fluid contact your eyes because clutch fluid can be harmful to your eyes. If clutch fluid gets in your eyes, immediately flush them thoroughly with clean water. For safety, when performing this work, wearing eye protection is ad- visable.
(cid:121) Clutch fluid absorbs moisture from the air. Any absorbed mois- ture can cause improper clutch operation.
(cid:121) If the vehicle requires frequent re- filling, there may be a leak. If you suspect a problem, have the vehi- cle checked at your SUBARU dealer.
(cid:121) Never use different brands of
clutch fluid together.
(cid:121) When clutch fluid is added, be careful not to allow any dirt into the tank.
(cid:121) Never splash the clutch fluid over painted surfaces or rubber parts. Alcohol contained in the clutch fluid may damage them.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill clutch fluid when adding it. If clutch fluid touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If clutch fluid gets on the ex- haust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
Maintenance and service 11-29
(cid:132) Recommended clutch fluid
FMVSS No. 116, fresh DOT 3 or 4 brake flu- id
Avoid mixing DOT 3 and DOT 4
brake fluids even if they are of the
same brand.
B00126
Check the fluid level on the outside of the
reservoir. If the level is below “MIN” level
mark, add the recommended clutch fluid
to “MAX” level mark.
Use only clutch fluid from a sealed con-
tainer.
11-30 Maintenance and service
Brake booster If the brake booster does not operate as described in the following, have it checked by your SUBARU dealer. 1. With the engine off, depress the brake pedal several times, applying the same pedal force each time. The distance the pedal travels should not vary. 2. With the brake pedal depressed, start the engine. The pedal should move slight- ly down to the floor. 3. With the brake pedal depressed, stop the engine and keep the pedal depressed for 30 seconds. The pedal height should not change. 4. Start the engine again and run for ap- proximately one minute then turn it off. Depress the brake pedal several times to check the brake booster. The brake boost- er operates properly if the pedal stroke de- creases with each depression.
(cid:132) Checking the brake pedal re-
serve distance
B00324
1) More than 2.56 in (65 mm)
Depress the pedal with a force of approxi- mately 66 lbs (294 N, 30 kg) and measure the distance between the upper surface of the pedal pad and the floor. When the measurement is smaller than the specification, or when the pedal does not operate smoothly, contact with your SUBARU dealer.
Brake pedal Check the brake pedal free play and re- serve distance according to the mainte- nance schedule in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.
(cid:132) Checking the brake pedal free
play
B00323
1) 0.02 – 0.08 in (0.5 – 2.0 mm)
Stop the engine and firmly depress the brake pedal several times. Lightly pull the brake pedal up with one finger to check the free play with a force of less than 2 lbs (10 N, 1 kg). If the free play is not within proper specifi- cation, contact your SUBARU dealer.
Clutch pedal (Manual trans- mission vehicles) Check the clutch pedal free play and re- serve distance according to the mainte- nance schedule in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.
(cid:132) Checking the clutch function Check the clutch engagement and disen- gagement. 1. With the engine idling, check that there are no abnormal noises when the clutch pedal is depressed, and that shifting into 1st or reverse feels smooth. 2. Start the vehicle by releasing the pedal slowly to check that the engine and trans- mission smoothly couple without any sign of slippage.
(cid:132) Checking the clutch pedal
free play
Replacement of brake pad and lining
Maintenance and service 11-31
B00323
1) 0.16 – 0.51 in (4.0 – 13.0 mm)
Lightly press the clutch pedal down with your finger until you feel resistance, and check the free play. If the free play is not within proper specifi- cation, contact your SUBARU dealer.
If you continue to drive despite the scraping noise from the audible brake pad wear indicator, it will re- sult in the need for costly brake ro- tor repair or replacement.
700040
The right front disc brake and the right rear disc brake have audible wear indicators on the brake pads. If the brake pads wear close to their service limit, the wear indica- tor makes a very audible scraping noise when the brake pedal is applied. If you hear this scraping noise each time – CONTINUED –
11-32 Maintenance and service
you apply the brake pedal, have the brake pads serviced by your SUBARU dealer as soon as possible.
(cid:132) Breaking-in of new brake
pads and linings
When replacing the brake pad or lining, use only genuine SUBARU parts. After re- placement, the new parts must be broken in as follows: (cid:84) Brake pad and lining While maintaining a speed of 30 to 40 mph (50 to 65 km/h), step on the brake pedal lightly. Repeat this five or more times. (cid:84) Parking brake lining
A safe location and situation should be selected for break-in driving.
Pulling the parking brake lever too forcefully may cause rear wheels to lock. To avoid this, be cer- tain to pull the lever up slowly and gently. 1. Drive the vehicle at a speed of approx-
the
imately 22 mph (35 km/h).
2. With the parking brake release button
pushed in, pull the parking brake lever
SLOWLY and GENTLY. (Pulling with a
force of approximately 33 lbs [147 N, 15
kg].)
3. Drive the vehicle for approximately 220
yards (200 meters) in this condition.
4. Wait 5 to 10 minutes for the parking
brake to cool down. Repeat this proce-
dure.
5. Check the parking brake stroke. If the
parking brake stroke is out of the specified
range, adjust it by turning the adjusting nut
located on the parking brake lever.
Parking brake stroke:
5 – 6 notches / 44 lbs (196 N, 20 kg)
Parking brake stroke
B00127
Check the parking brake stroke according
to the maintenance schedule in the “War-
ranty and Maintenance Booklet”. When
the parking brake is properly adjusted,
braking power is fully applied by pulling
the lever up five to six notches gently but
firmly (approximately 44 lbs, 196 N, 20
kg). If the parking brake lever stroke is not
within the specified range, have the brake
system checked and adjusted at your
SUBARU dealer.
Tires and wheels (cid:132) Types of tires You should be familiar with type of tires present on your vehicle. (cid:84) All season tires The factory-installed tires on your new ve- hicle are all season tires. All season tires are designed to provide an adequate measure of traction, handling and braking performance in year-round driving including snowy and icy road con- ditions. However all season tires do not of- fer as much traction performance as win- ter (snow) tires in heavy or loose snow or on icy roads. All season tires are identified by “ALL SEASON” and/or “M+S” (Mud & Snow) on the tire sidewall. (cid:84) Summer tires Summer tires are high-speed capability tires best suited for highway driving under dry conditions. Summer tires are inadequate for driving on slippery roads such as on snow-cov- ered or icy roads. If you drive your vehicle on snow-covered or icy roads, we strongly recommend the use of winter (snow) tires. When installing winter tires, be sure to re-
place all four tires. (cid:84) Winter (snow) tires Winter tires are best suited for driving on snow-covered and icy roads. However winter tires do not perform as well as sum- mer tires and all season tires on roads oth- er than snow-covered and icy roads.
(cid:132) Tire pressure monitoring sys-
tem (TPMS) (if equipped)
The tire pressure monitoring system pro- vides the driver with a warning message by sending a signal from a sensor that is installed in each wheel when tire pressure is severely low. The tire pressure monitor- ing system will activate only when the ve- hicle is driven. Also, this system may not react immediately to a sudden drop in tire pressure (for example, a blow-out caused by running over a sharp object). If you adjust the tire pressures in a warm garage and will then drive the vehicle in cold outside air, the resulting drop in tire pressures may cause the low tire pressure warning light to come on. To avoid this problem when adjusting the tire pressures in a warm garage, inflate the tires to pres- sures higher than those shown on the tire placard. Specifically, inflate them by an extra 1 psi (6.9 kPa, 0.07 kgf/cm2) for ev-
Maintenance and service 11-33
ery difference of 10°F (5.6°C) between the temperature in the garage and the tem- perature outside. By way of example, the following table shows the required tire pressures that correspond to various out- side temperatures when the temperature in the garage is 60°F (15.6°C). Standard tire pressures: Front: 32 psi (220 kPa, 2.2 kgf/cm2) Rear: 30 psi (210 kPa, 2.1 kgf/cm2) Garage temperature: 60°F (15.6°C)
Outside
temperature
30°F (–1°C) 10°F (–12°C)
–10°F (–23°C)
Adjusted pressure [psi (kPa, kgf/cm2)]
front
rear
35 (240, 2.4) 33 (230, 2.3)
37
(255, 2.55)
35
(245, 2.45)
39 (270, 2.7) 37 (260, 2.6)
If the low tire pressure warning light comes on when you drive the vehicle in cold outside air after adjusting the tire pressures in a warm garage, re-adjust the tire pressures using the method described above. Then, increase the vehicle speed to at least 20 mph (32 km/h) and check to see that the low tire pressure warning light – CONTINUED –
11-34 Maintenance and service
goes off a few minutes later. If the low tire pressure warning light does not go off, the tire pressure monitoring system may not be functioning normally. In this event, go to a SUBARU dealer to have the system inspected as soon as possible. While the vehicle is driven, friction be- tween tires and the road surface causes the tires to warm up. After illumination of the low tire pressure warning light, any in- crease in the tire pressures caused by an increase in the outside air temperature or by an increase in the temperature in the tires can cause the low tire pressure warn- ing light to go off. System resetting is necessary when the wheels are changed (for example, a switch to snow tires) and new TPMS valves are installed on the newly fitted wheels. Have this work performed by a SUBARU dealer following wheel replace- ment. It may not be possible to install TPMS valves on certain wheels that are on the market. Therefore, if you change the wheels (for example, a switch to snow tires), use wheels that have the same part number as the standard-equipment wheels. Without four operational TPMS valve/sensors on the wheels, the TPMS
will not fully function and the warning light in the instrument panel will flash. When a tire is replaced, adjustments are necessary to ensure continued normal op- eration of the tire pressure monitoring sys- tem. As with wheel replacement, there- fore, you should have the work performed by a SUBARU dealer.
If the low tire pressure warning light does not come on briefly after the ig- nition switch is turned ON or the light is flashing, you should have your Tire Pressure Monitoring Sys- tem checked at a SUBARU dealer as soon as possible. If this light comes on while driving, never brake suddenly and keep driv- ing straight ahead while gradually reducing speed. Then slowly pull off the road to a safe place. Otherwise an accident involving serious vehi- cle damage and serious personal in- jury could occur.
If this light still comes on while driv- ing after adjusting the tire pressure, a tire may have significant damage and a fast leak that causes the tire to lose air rapidly. If you have a flat tire, replace it with a spare tire as soon as possible. When a spare tire is mounted or a wheel rim is replaced without the original pressure sensor/transmitter being transferred, the low tire pres- sure warning light will flash. This in- dicates the TPMS is unable to moni- tor all four road wheels. Contact your SUBARU dealer as soon as possible for tire and sensor replace- ment and/or system resetting. If the light flashes, promptly contact a SUBARU dealer to have the system inspected.
(cid:132) Tire inspection Check on a daily basis that the tires are free from serious damage, nails, and stones. At the same time, check the tires for abnormal wear. Contact your SUBARU dealer immediate- ly if you find any problem. NOTE (cid:121) When the wheels and tires strike
curbs or are subjected to harsh treat- ment as when the vehicle is driven on a rough surface, they can suffer damage that cannot be seen with the naked eye. This type of damage does not become evident until time has passed. Try not to drive over curbs, potholes or on oth- er rough surfaces. If doing so is un- avoidable, keep the vehicle’s speed down to a walking pace or less, and ap- proach the curbs as squarely as possi- ble. Also, make sure the tires are not pressed against the curb when you park the vehicle. (cid:121) If you feel unusual vibration while driving or find it difficult to steer the ve- hicle in a straight line, one of the tires and/or wheels may be damaged. Drive slowly the nearest authorized SUBARU dealer and have the vehicle inspected.
to
(cid:132) Tire pressures and wear Maintaining the correct tire pressures helps to maximize the tires’ service lives and is essential for good running perfor- mance. Check and, if necessary, adjust the pressure of each tire (including the spare) at least once a month (for example, during a fuel stop) and before any long journey.
B00128
Check the tire pressures when the tires
are cold. Use a pressure gauge to adjust
the tire pressures to the values shown on
the tire placard. The tire placard is located
on the door pillar on the driver’s side.
Driving even a short distance warms up
the tires and increases the tire pressures.
Also, the tire pressures are affected by the
outside temperature. It is best to check tire
pressure outdoors before driving the vehi-
cle.
When a tire becomes warm, the air inside
it expands, causing the tire pressure to in-
crease. Be careful not to mistakenly re-
lease air from a warm tire to reduce its
pressure.
Maintenance and service 11-35
NOTE
(cid:121) The air pressure in a tire increases
by approximately 4.3 psi (30 kPa, 0.3
kgf/cm2) when the tire becomes warm.
(cid:121) The tires are considered cold when
the vehicle has been parked for at least
three hours or has been driven less
than one mile (1.6 km).
Do not let air out of warm tires to ad- just pressure. Doing so will result in low tire pressure. Incorrect tire pressures detract from con- trollability and ride comfort, and they cause the tires to wear abnormally.
– CONTINUED –
11-36 Maintenance and service
(cid:121) Correct tire pressure (tread worn evenly)
(cid:121) Abnormally low tire pressure (tread worn at shoulders)
(cid:121) Abnormally high tire pressure (tread worn in center)
B00050
Roadholding is good, and steering is re-
sponsive. Rolling resistance is low, so fuel
consumption is also lower.
B00051
Rolling resistance is high, so fuel con-
sumption is also higher.
B00052
Ride comfort is poor. Also, the tire magni-
fies the effects of road-surface bumps and
dips, possibly resulting in vehicle damage.
Driving at high speeds with exces- sively low tire pressures can cause the tires to deform severely and to rapidly become hot. A sharp in- crease in temperature could cause tread separation, and destruction of the tires. The resulting loss of vehi- cle control could lead to an acci- dent.
(cid:132) Wheel balance Each wheel was correctly balanced when your vehicle was new, but the wheels will become unbalanced as the tires become worn during use. Wheel imbalance caus- es the steering wheel to vibrate slightly at certain vehicle speeds and detracts from the vehicle’s straight-line stability. It can also cause steering and suspension sys- tem problems and abnormal tire wear. If you suspect that the wheels are not cor- rectly balanced, have them checked and adjusted by your SUBARU dealer. Also have them adjusted after tire repairs and after tire rotation. NOTE Loss of correct wheel alignment* caus- es the tires to wear on one side and re- duces the vehicle’s running stability. Contact your SUBARU dealer if you no- tice abnormal tire wear. *: The suspension system is designed to hold each wheel at a certain alignment (relative to the other wheels and to the road) for optimum straight-line stability and cornering perfor- mance.
(cid:132) Wear indicators
B00327
1) New tread 2) Worn tread 3) Tread wear indicator
Each tire incorporates a tread wear indica- tor, which becomes visible when the depth of the tread grooves decreases to 0.063 in (1.6 mm). A tire must be replaced when the tread wear indicator appears as a solid band across the tread.
Maintenance and service 11-37
When a tire’s tread wear indicator becomes visible, the tire is worn be- yond the acceptable limit and must be replaced immediately. With a tire in this condition, driving at high speeds in wet weather can cause the vehicle to hydroplane. The re- sulting loss of vehicle control can lead to an accident. NOTE For safety, inspect the tire tread regu- larly and replace the tires before their tread wear indicators become visible.
(cid:132) Tire rotation
B00054
– CONTINUED –
11-38 Maintenance and service
Tire wear varies from wheel to wheel. To
maximize the life of each tire and ensure
that the tires wear uniformly, it is best to
rotate the tires every 7,500 miles (12,500
km). Rotating the tires involves switching
the front and rear tires on the right-hand
side of the vehicle and similarly switching
the front and rear tires on the left-hand
side of the vehicle. (Each tire must be kept
on its original side of the vehicle.)
Replace any damaged or unevenly worn
tire at the time of rotation. After tire rota-
tion, adjust the tire pressures and make
sure the wheel nuts are correctly tight-
ened.
After driving approximately 600 miles
(1,000 km), check the wheel nuts again
and retighten any nut that has become
loose.
(cid:132) Tire replacement The wheels and tires are important and in- tegral parts of your vehicle’s design; they cannot be changed arbitrarily. The tires fit- ted as standard equipment are optimally matched to the characteristics of the vehi- cle and were selected to give the best pos- sible combination of running performance, ride comfort, and service life. It is essential for every tire to have a size and construc- tion matching those shown on the tire
placard and to have a speed symbol and load index matching those shown on the tire placard. Using tires of a non-specified size detracts from controllability, ride comfort, braking performance, speedometer accuracy and odometer accuracy. It also creates incor- rect body-to-tire clearances and inappro- priately changes the vehicle’s ground clearance. All four tires must be the same in terms of manufacturer, brand (tread pattern), con- struction, and size. You are advised to re- place the tires with new ones that are identical to those fitted as standard equip- ment. For safe vehicle operation, SUBARU rec- ommends replacing all four tires at the same time.
(cid:121) All four tires must be the same in terms of manufacturer, brand (tread pattern), construction, de- gree of wear, speed symbol, load index and size. Mixing tires of dif- ferent types, sizes or degrees of wear can result in damage to the vehicle’s power train. Use of dif- ferent types or sizes of tires can also dangerously reduce control- lability and braking performance and can lead to an accident.
(cid:121) Use only radial tires. Do not use radial tires together with belted bias tires and/or bias-ply tires. Do- ing so can dangerously reduce controllability, resulting in an ac- cident.
(cid:132) Wheel replacement When replacing wheels due, for example, to damage, make sure the replacement wheels match the specifications of the wheels that are fitted as standard equip- ment. Replacement wheels are available from SUBARU dealers.
Use only those wheels that are specified for your vehicle. Wheels not meeting specifications could in- terfere with brake caliper operation and may cause the tires to rub against the wheel well housing dur- ing turns. The resulting loss of vehi- cle control could lead to an acci- dent.
Aluminum wheels
Aluminum wheels can be scratched and
damaged easily. Handle them carefully to
maintain their appearance, performance,
and safety.
(cid:121) When any of the wheels is removed and
replaced for tire rotation or to change a
flat, always check the tightness of the
wheel nuts after driving approximately 600
miles (1,000 km). If any nut is loose, tight-
en it to the specified torque.
(cid:121) Never apply oil to the threaded parts,
wheel nuts, or tapered surface of the
wheel.
(cid:121) Never let the wheel rub against sharp
protrusions or curbs.
(cid:121) Be sure to fit tire chains on uniformly
and completely around the tire, otherwise
the chains may scratch the wheel.
(cid:121) When wheel nuts, balance weights, or
the center cap is replaced, be sure to re-
place them with genuine SUBARU parts
designed for aluminum wheels.
Maintenance and service 11-39
Windshield washer fluid
Never use engine coolant as washer fluid because it could cause paint damage.
B00199
If you spray washer fluid on the windshield
but the supply of washer fluid appears to
diminish, check the level of washer fluid in
the tank.
– CONTINUED –
perature, it may freeze and block the noz- zles.
Adjust the washer fluid concentra- tion appropriately for the outside temperature. If the concentration is inappropriate, sprayed washer fluid may freeze on the windshield and obstruct your view, and the fluid may freeze in the reservoir tank.
11-40 Maintenance and service
Hi
Low
300172
Washer fluid level gauge
300173
Remove the washer tank filler cap, then check the fluid level indicated by the level gauge (attached to the inside of the cap). If the level is near the “Low” mark, add flu-
id until it reaches the “Hi” level on the level gauge or the “Full” mark on the tank. Use windshield washer fluid. If windshield washer fluid is unavailable use clean wa- ter. In areas where water freezes in winter, use an anti-freeze type windshield washer fluid. SUBARU Windshield Washer Fluid contains 58.5% methyl alcohol and 41.5% surfactant, by volume. Its freezing temper- ature varies according to how much it is di- luted, as indicated in the following table.
Washer Fluid Concentration
30% 50% 100%
Freezing Temperature 10.4°F (–12°C) –4°F (–20°C) –49°F (–45°C)
In order to prevent freezing of washer flu- id, check the freezing temperatures in the table above when adjusting the fluid con- centration to the outside temperature. If you fill the reservoir tank with a fluid with a different concentration from the one used previously, purge the old fluid from the piping between the reservoir tank and washer nozzles by operating the washer for a certain period of time. Otherwise, if the concentration of the fluid remaining in the piping is too low for the outside tem-
(cid:121) Return the passenger-side wiper arm to its original position before returning the driver-side wiper arm to its original position. Other- wise, the passenger-side wiper assembly and driver-side wiper assembly will touch each other, possibly resulting in scratches.
If you cannot eliminate the streaking even after following this method, replace the wiper blades using the following proce- dures:
(cid:132) Windshield wiper blade as-
sembly
1. Raise the windshield wiper arm on the driver’s side. 2. Next, raise the windshield wiper arm on the passenger’s side.
Replacement of wiper blades Grease, wax, insects, or other materials on the windshield or the wiper blade re- sults in jerky wiper operation and streak- ing on the glass. If you cannot remove the streaks after operating the windshield washer or if the wiper operation is jerky, clean the outer surface of the windshield (or rear window) and the wiper blades us- ing a sponge or soft cloth with a neutral detergent or mild-abrasive cleaner. After cleaning, rinse the windshield and wiper blades with clean water. The windshield is clean if beads do not form when you rinse the windshield with water.
(cid:121) Do not clean the wiper blades with gasoline or a solvent, such as paint thinner or benzene. This will cause deterioration of the wiper blades.
(cid:121) When you wish to raise the pas- senger-side wiper arm, first raise the driver-side wiper arm. Other- wise, the passenger-side wiper assembly and driver-side wiper assembly will touch each other, possibly resulting in scratches.
Maintenance and service 11-41
B00380
1) Stopper
3. Remove the wiper blade assembly by holding its pivot area and pushing it in the direction shown by the arrow while de- pressing the wiper blade stopper. 4. Install the wiper blade assembly to the wiper arm. Make sure that it locks in place. 5. Lower the windshield wiper arm on the passenger’s side slowly while supporting it by hand. 6. Next, lower the windshield wiper arm on the driver’s side slowly while support- ing it by hand.
– CONTINUED –
11-42 Maintenance and service
(cid:132) Windshield wiper blade rub-
ber
B00330
1) Metal support
1. Grasp the locked end of the blade rub- ber assembly and pull it firmly until the stoppers on the rubber are free of the met- al support.
3. Align the claws of the metal support with the grooves in the rubber and slide the blade rubber assembly into the metal support until it locks.
B00332
1) Stopper
4. Be sure to position the claws at the end of the metal support between the stoppers on the rubber as shown. If the rubber is not retained properly, the wiper blade may scratch the windshield.
(cid:132) Rear window wiper blade as-
sembly
1. Raise the wiper arm off the rear win- dow.
B00504
1) Metal spines
2. If the new blade rubber is not provided with two metal spines, remove the metal spines from the old blade rubber and in- stall them in the new blade rubber.
B00059
(cid:132) Rear window wiper blade rub-
ber
2. Pull the blade rubber assembly out of the plastic support.
Maintenance and service 11-43
2. Turn the wiper blade assembly coun- terclockwise.
700063
700017
1. Pull out the end of the blade rubber as- sembly to unlock it from the plastic sup- port.
B00505
1) Metal spines
3. If the new blade rubber is not provided with two metal spines, remove the metal spines from the old blade rubber and in- stall them in the new blade rubber.
3. Pull the wiper blade assembly toward you to remove it from the wiper arm.
700064
B00064
– CONTINUED –
11-44 Maintenance and service
ends. If the rubber is not retained properly, the wiper may scratch the rear window glass. 5. Install the wiper blade assembly to the wiper arm. Make sure that it locks in place. 6. Hold the wiper arm by hand and slowly lower it in position.
B00066
4. Align the claws of the plastic support
with the grooves in the blade rubber as-
sembly, then slide the blade rubber as-
sembly into place.
B00067
Securely retain both ends of the rubber
with the stoppers on the plastic support
Battery
(cid:121) Before beginning work on or near any battery, be sure to extinguish all cigarettes, matches, and light- ers. Never expose a battery to an open flame or electric sparks. Bat- teries give off a gas which is high- ly flammable and explosive.
(cid:121) For safety, in case an explosion does occur, wear eye protection or shield your eyes when working near any battery. Never lean over a battery.
(cid:121) Do not let battery fluid contact eyes, skin, fabrics, or paint be- cause battery fluid is a corrosive acid. If battery fluid gets on your skin or in your eyes, immediately flush the area with water thor- oughly. Seek medical help imme- diately if acid has entered the eyes. If battery fluid is accidentally swallowed, immediately drink a large amount of milk or water, and seek medical attention immediate- ly.
(cid:121) To lessen the risk of sparks, re- move rings, metal watchbands, and other metal jewelry. Never al- low metal tools to contact the pos- itive battery terminal and anything connected to it WHILE you are at the same time in contact with any other metallic portion of the vehi- cle because a short circuit will re- sult.
(cid:121) Keep everyone including children
away from the battery.
(cid:121) Charge the battery in a well-venti-
lated area.
(cid:121) Battery posts, terminals, and re- lated accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Batteries also contain other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer. Wash hands after handling.
Never use more than 10 amperes when charging the battery because it will shorten battery life. It is unnecessary to periodically check the
battery fluid level or periodically refill with distilled water.
Fuses
Maintenance and service 11-45
Never replace a fuse with one hav- ing a higher rating or with material other than a fuse because serious damage or a fire could result.
B00130
The fuses are designed to melt during an overload to prevent damage to the wiring harness and electrical equipment. The fuses are located in two fuse boxes. One is located under the instrument panel be- hind the fuse box cover on the driver’s seat side.
– CONTINUED –
11-46 Maintenance and service
B00338
1) Good 2) Blown
If any lights, accessories or other electri- cal controls do not operate, inspect the corresponding fuse. If a fuse has blown, replace it. 1. Turn the ignition switch to the “LOCK” position and turn off all electrical accesso- ries. 2. Remove the cover. 3. Determine which fuse may be blown. The back side of each fuse box cover and the “Fuses and circuits” section in chapter 12 in this manual show the circuit for each fuse.
B00131
Open the lid that is located above the
hood release knob and pull it toward you
to remove it.
B00198
The spare fuses are stored in the main
fuse box cover in the engine compart-
ment.
The other one is housed in the engine compartment.
600120
600159
The fuse puller is stored in the main fuse
box in the engine compartment.
Main fuse
Maintenance and service 11-47
Installation of accessories Always consult your SUBARU dealer be- fore installing fog lights or any other elec- trical equipment in your vehicle. Such ac- cessories may cause the electronic sys- tem to malfunction if they are incorrectly installed or if they are not suited for the ve- hicle.
600160
4. Pull out the fuse with the fuse puller. 5. Inspect the fuse. If it has blown, re- place it with a spare fuse of the same rat- ing. 6. If the same fuse blows again, this indi- cates that its system has a problem. Con- tact your SUBARU dealer for repairs.
600120
Main fuse box
The main fuses are designed to melt dur- ing an overload to prevent damage to the wiring harness and electrical equipment. Check the main fuses if any electrical component fails to operate (except the starter motor) and other fuses are good. A melted main fuse must be replaced. Use only replacements with the same speci- fied rating as the melted main fuse. If a main fuse blows after it is replaced, have the electrical system checked by your nearest SUBARU dealer.
11-48 Maintenance and service
Replacing bulbs
21
10
18
11
12
13
14
17
18
17
16 15
B00435
1) 2) 3)
4) 5) 6) 7)
8) 9) 10) 11) 12)
13) 14) 15)
16)
17) 18)
High beam headlight Low beam headlight Front turn signal/Parking and front side marker light Map light Dome light Door step light Front fog light
Except OUTBACK OUTBACK
Trunk room light (Sedan) High mount stop light (Sedan) Rear turn signal light (Sedan) Backup light (Sedan) Brake/tail and rear side marker light (Sedan) Cargo area light Brake/tail light (Station wagon) Rear side marker light (Station wagon) Rear turn signal light (Station wag- on) Backup light (Station wagon) Licence plate light
Wattage 12V-60W 12V-55W 12V-27/8W
12V-8W 12V-8W 12V-3.5W
12V-55W 12V-51W 12V-5W 12V-21W 12V-21W 12V-16W