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that brake service might be required.
Brake Adjustment Every time you make a brake stop, the disc brakes adjust for wear.
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Battery Your vehicle has a maintenance free battery. When it is time for a new battery, see your dealer/retailer for one that has the replacement number shown on the original battery’s label. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 9-6 for battery location. Warning: Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.
Replacing Brake System Parts The braking system on a vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. Your vehicle was designed and tested with top-quality brake parts. When you replace parts of the braking system — for example, when the brake linings wear down and you need new ones put in — be sure you get new approved replacement parts. If you do not, the brakes might not work properly. For example, if someone puts in brake linings that are wrong for your vehicle, the balance between the front and rear brakes can change — for the worse. The braking performance you have come to expect can change in many other ways if someone puts in the wrong replacement brake parts.
Vehicle Storage
{ CAUTION
Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting on page 9-68 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.
Infrequent Usage: If you drive your vehicle infrequently, remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery. This will help keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: For extended storage of your vehicle, remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger. This will help maintain the charge of the battery over an extended period of time.
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Headlamp Aiming The optical headlamp aiming system has been preset at the factory and should need no further adjustment. However, If the vehicle is damaged in a crash, the headlamp aim may be affected and adjustment may be necessary. If oncoming vehicles flash their high beams at you, this may also mean the vertical aim needs to be adjusted. It is recommended that the vehicle is taken to your dealer/retailer for service if the headlamps need to be re-aimed. It is possible however, to re-aim the headlamps as described.
The vehicle should: (cid:129) Be placed so the headlamps are 25 ft. (7.6 m) from a light colored wall.
(cid:129) Have all four tires on a perfectly
level surface which is level all the way to the wall.
(cid:129) Be placed so it is perpendicular
to the wall.
(cid:129) Not have any snow, ice, or
mud on it.
(cid:129) Be fully assembled and all other
work stopped while headlamp aiming is being done.
(cid:129) Have a full tank of fuel and
one person or 160 lbs (75 kg) on the driver seat.
(cid:129) Have all tires properly inflated.
Headlamp aiming is done with the vehicle’s low-beam headlamps. The high-beam headlamps will be correctly aimed if the low-beam headlamps are aimed properly. To adjust the vertical aim on the headlamps: 1. Open the hood. See Hood
Release on page 9-5 for more information.
2. Locate the aim dot on the lens of
the low-beam headlamp.
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Notice: Do not cover a headlamp to improve beam cut-off when aiming. Covering a headlamp may cause excessive heat build-up which may cause damage to the headlamp. 6. Turn on the low-beam headlamps
and place a piece of cardboard or equivalent in front of the headlamp not being adjusted. Do not place it directly on the headlamp. This allows only the beam of light from the headlamp being adjusted to be seen on the flat surface.
3. Record the distance from the ground to the aim dot on the low-beam headlamp.
4. At a wall, measure from the
ground upward (A) to the recorded distance from Step 3
and mark it.5. Draw or tape a horizontal line (B)
on the wall the width of the vehicle at the height of the mark in Step 4.
7. Locate the vertical headlamp
aiming screws, which are under the hood near each headlamp assembly. The adjustment screw can be turned with a 6 mm socket wrench.
8. Turn the vertical aiming screw
until the headlamp beam is aimed to the horizontal tape line. Turn it clockwise or counterclockwise to raise or lower the angle of the beam.
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Vehicle Service and Care
Bulb Replacement For the proper type of replacement bulbs, see Replacement Bulbs on page 9-33. For any bulb changing procedure not listed in this section, contact your dealer/retailer.
Halogen Bulbs
{ CAUTION
Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the bulb package.
Front Turn Signal Lamps
1. The bulbs of the turn signal lamp are replaced through openings in the front wheel wells. Turn the wheel to gain access to the push tabs and remove the cover.
9. Make sure that the light from the
headlamp is positioned at the bottom edge of the horizontal tape line. The lamp on the left (A) shows the correct headlamp aim. The lamp on the right (B) shows the incorrect headlamp aim.
10. Repeat Steps 7 through 9 for
the opposite headlamp.
Taillamps (Five-Door Hatchback)
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To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Open the liftgate. 2. To replace the bulbs on the driver side, turn both locks and remove the cover.
2. Turn the bulb socket
counterclockwise and pull straight out.
3. Turn bulb counterclockwise
and remove.
4. Install new bulb. 5. Reverse Steps 2 through 4 to
reinstall.
A. Backup Lamp B. Taillamp C. Taillamp/Stoplamp/Turn
Signal Lamp
To replace the bulbs on the passenger side, turn the lock clockwise and remove the cover.
3. Detach the plug connector
from the bulb assembly.
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Vehicle Service and Care
9. Install a new bulb without
touching the glass.
10. Reinstall the bulb assembly in
taillamp assembly.
Taillamps (Three-Door Hatchback)
4. Turn the nuts counterclockwise and hold the outside of taillamp assembly.
5. Pull the taillamp assembly
straight out.
6. Remove the three nuts. 7. Press on the tabs on the outside of bulb assembly and remove the bulb assembly.
8. Remove the bulb from the bulb
assembly.
11. Make sure the seals are applied
to the taillamp assembly and screws.
12. Insert the taillamp assembly
into the body.
13. Reinstall the three nuts. 14. Attach the plug connector to the
bulb assembly.
A. Backup Lamp B. Taillamp C. Taillamp/Stoplamp/Turn
Signal Lamp
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To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Open the liftgate. See Liftgate on
page 2-6 for more information. 2. Detach the plug connector from
the bulb assembly.
5. Remove the seal. 6. Press on the tabs on outside of bulb assembly and remove the bulb assembly.
7. Remove the bulb from the bulb
assembly.
8. Install a new bulb without
touching the glass.
9. Reinstall the bulb assembly in
taillamp assembly.
10. Make sure the seals are applied
to the taillamp assembly and screws.
11. Insert the taillamp assembly
into the body.
12. Reinstall the three nuts. 13. Attach the plug connector to the
bulb assembly.
3. Turn the nuts counterclockwise and hold the outside of taillamp assembly.
4. Pull the taillamp assembly
straight out.
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Vehicle Service and Care
License Plate Lamp To replace one of these bulbs:
1. Push tab in and pull down on it to
remove the license plate lamp.
2. Turn and pull the license plate
lamp toward you through the opening.
3. Turn the bulb socket
counterclockwise and pull the bulb straight out of the socket.
4. Install the new bulb. 5. Reverse Steps 1 through 3 to
reinstall the license plate lamp.
Replacement Bulbs
Exterior Lamp
Front Turn Signal Lamp License Plate Lamp Parking Lamp Taillamp
Bulb
Number
3157 NAK
W5W
4157K W21
For replacement bulbs not listed here, contact your dealer/retailer.
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Electrical System Add-On Electrical Equipment Notice: Do not add anything electrical to your vehicle unless you check with your dealer/retailer first. Some electrical equipment can damage your vehicle and the damage would not be covered by your warranty. Some add-on electrical equipment can keep other components from working as they should. Add-on equipment can drain your vehicle’s battery, even if your vehicle is not operating.
Your vehicle has an airbag system. Before attempting to add anything electrical to your vehicle, see Servicing Your Airbag-Equipped Vehicle on page 1-34.
Headlamp Wiring The headlamp wiring is protected by fuses in the fuse block. An electrical overload will cause the lamps to turn off. If this happens, have your headlamp wiring checked right away.
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Vehicle Service and Care
Windshield Wiper Fuses The windshield wiper motor is protected by a circuit breaker and a fuse. If the motor overheats due to heavy snow, etc., the wiper will stop until the motor cools. If the overload is caused by some electrical problem, have it fixed.
Power Windows and Other Power Options Circuit breakers in the fuse block protect the power windows and other power accessories. When the current load is too heavy, the circuit breaker opens and closes, protecting the circuit until the problem is fixed or goes away.
Fuses The wiring circuits in your vehicle are protected from short circuits by a combination of fuses and circuit breakers. This greatly reduces the chance of damage caused by electrical problems. Look at the silver-colored band inside the fuse. If the band is broken or melted, replace the fuse. Be sure to replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. There are two fuse blocks in your vehicle: one in the engine compartment and one in the trunk. There is a fuse puller located on the rear compartment fuse block. See Rear Compartment Fuse Block on page 9-36. It can be used to easily remove fuses from the fuse block.
Engine Compartment Fuse Block The engine compartment fuse block is located in the front left side of the engine compartment. Engine Compartment Overview on page 9-6. To open the fuse block cover, insert a tool into the latch and turn. Pull up on the cover to remove. Notice: Spilling liquid on any electrical components on your vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component.
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Fuses
Usage Antilock Brake System (ABS) Valves ABS Pump
Fuses
Usage Climate Control System (Ignition) Engine Cooling Fan (AT and AC only)
Fuses
Usage
Engine Cooling Fan Windshield & Liftgate Glass Washer Motor
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Vehicle Service and Care
Fuses
Usage
Fuses
Usage
10
1314
15
16
17
18
2021
22
24Horn Door Locks Foglamps Windshield Wipers (high speed) Windshield Wipers (low speed) Antilock Brake System, Brake Lamp Switch Vacuum Pump Starter Air Conditioning Clutch Engine Control Module (ECM) (Main Relay) ECM (Battery) Fuel Pump/Injectors
26
27
28
29
30
3234
35
36
ECM (Sensor and Actuators) Power Steering Automatic Transmission (Battery) Automatic Transmission (Ignition) ECM (Ignition) Brake Switch Steering Column Module Radio OnStar™ Module/ OnStar™ Interface Module/Display
Rear Compartment Fuse Block To open the liftgate, See Liftgate on page 2-6.
The rear compartment fuse block is located on the left side of the cargo area behind a cover.
Use the fuse puller, to remove and replace fuses.
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Fuses
Usage
Front Power Window Cluster
Fuses
11
Usage Climate Control System (Battery) Rear Defogger
Fuses
Usage
12
14
Rear Windshield Wiper Climate Control System (Ignition)
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Vehicle Service and Care
Fuses
Usage
16
17
18
21
22
2324
29
34
38
3940
Front Passenger Seat Detection Sensor Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)/ Rain Sensor/Inside Rearview Mirror Interior Lights Outside Mirror Heating Sunroof Rear Power Window Diagnostic Link Connector Accessory Power Outlet (APO) Sunroof Door Locks Seat Heating Driver Seat Heating Front Passenger
Tires Your new vehicle comes with high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. If you ever have questions about the tire warranty and where to obtain service, see the “Limited Warranty, Maintenance and Owner Assistance Information” manual for details.
{ CAUTION
(cid:129) Poorly maintained and
improperly used tires are dangerous.
(cid:129) Overloading your tires can
cause overheating as a result of too much flexing. You could have an air-out and a serious accident. See Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30.
(Continued)
CAUTION (Continued)
(cid:129) Underinflated tires pose
the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting accident could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when your tires are cold. See Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 9-46.
(cid:129) Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by a sudden impact — such as when you hit a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure.
(Continued)
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If the vehicle has Notice: low-profile tires, they are more susceptible to damage from road hazards or curb impact than standard profile tires. Tire and/or wheel assembly damage can occur when coming into contact with road hazards like, potholes, or sharp edged objects, or when sliding into a curb. The vehicle warranty does not cover this type of damage. Keep tires set to the correct inflation pressure and, when possible avoid contact with curbs, potholes, and other road hazards.
CAUTION (Continued)
(cid:129) Worn, old tires can cause
accidents. If your tread is badly worn, or if your tires have been damaged, replace them.
See High-Speed Operation on page 9-47 for inflation pressure adjustment for high speed driving.
Low-Profile Tires If the vehicle has 225/40ZR18
or 215/45R18 size tires, they are classified as low-profile performance tires. These tires are designed for very responsive driving on wet or dry pavement. You may also notice more road noise with low-profile performance tires and that they tend to wear faster.Winter Tires If the vehicle has 225/40ZR18 or 215/45R18 size tires, they are classified as low-profile performance tires. These tires are designed for very responsive driving on wet or dry pavement. If you expect to drive on snow or ice covered roads often, you may want to get winter tires for your vehicle. All season tires provide good overall performance on most surfaces but they may not offer the traction you would like or the same level of performance as winter tires on snow or ice covered roads. Winter tires, in general, are designed for increased traction on snow and ice covered roads. With winter tires, there may be decreased dry road traction, increased road noise, and shorter tire tread life. After switching to winter tires, be alert for changes in vehicle handling and braking.
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Vehicle Service and Care
See your dealer/retailer for details regarding winter tire availability and proper tire selection. Also, see Buying New Tires on page 9-54. If you choose to use winter tires: (cid:129) Use tires of the same brand and
tread type on all four wheel positions.
(cid:129) Use only radial ply tires of the
same size, load range, and speed rating as your original equipment tires.
Winter tires with the same speed rating as the original equipment tires may not be available for H, V, W, Y and ZR speed rated tires. If you choose winter tires with a lower speed rating, never exceed the tire’s maximum speed capability.
Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into its sidewall. The examples below show a typical passenger vehicle tire and a compact spare tire sidewall.
Passenger (P-Metric) Tire
Example
(A) Tire Size: The tire size is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire’s width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (B) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM’s specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM’s TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (C) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.
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(D) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following DOT (Department of Transportation) code is the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (E) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (F) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG): Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. For more information see Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 9-56.
(G) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load.
Compact Spare Tire Example
(A) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread.
(B) Temporary Use Only: The compact spare tire or temporary use tire has a tread life of approximately 3,000 miles (5 000 km) and should not be driven at speeds over 50 mph (80 km/h). The compact spare tire is for emergency use when a regular road tire has lost air and gone flat. If your vehicle has a compact spare tire. See Compact Spare Tire on page 9-67 and If a Tire Goes Flat on page 9-60. (C) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT (Department of Transportation) code is the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture.
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(G) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM’s specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM’s TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. Tire Size The following illustration shows an example of a typical passenger vehicle tire size.
(D) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load. (E) Tire Inflation: The temporary use tire or compact spare tire should be inflated to 60 psi (420 kPa). For more information on tire pressure and inflation see Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 9-46. (F) Tire Size : A combination of letters and numbers define a tire’s width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. The letter T as the first character in the tire size means the tire is for temporary use only.
(A) Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (B) Tire Width: The three-digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. (C) Aspect Ratio: A two-digit number that indicates the tire height-to-width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 60, as shown in item C of the illustration, it would mean that the tire’s sidewall is 60 percent as high as it is wide.
(D) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted-bias ply construction. (E) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches. (F) Service Description: These characters represent the load range and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carry capacity a tire is certified to carry. The load index can range from 1 to 279. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load. Speed ratings range from A to Z.
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Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure: The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopascal (kPa). Accessory Weight: This means the combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are, automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio: The relationship of a tire’s height to its width. Belt: A rubber coated layer of cords that is located between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials.
Bead: The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Cold Tire Pressure: The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopascals (kPa) before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 9-46. Curb Weight: The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo.
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Vehicle Service and Care
DOT Markings: A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) motor vehicle safety standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30. GAWR FRT: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30. GAWR RR: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30.
Intended Outboard Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire, that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa): The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire: A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index: An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279
that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire. Maximum Inflation Pressure: The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall. Maximum Load Rating: The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire.Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight: The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight: The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 150 lbs (68 kg). See Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30. Occupant Distribution: Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire.
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Traction: The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators: Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 9-53. UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards): A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a tire’s traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 9-56.
Vehicle Capacity Weight: The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 150 lbs (68 kg) plus the rated cargo load. See Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30. Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire: Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard: A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle’s capacity weight and the original equipment tire size and recommended inflation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30.
Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure: Vehicle manufacturer’s recommended tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 9-46 and Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30. Radial Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim: A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated. Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating: An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate.
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Vehicle Service and Care
Inflation - Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively. Notice: Do not let anyone tell you that under-inflation or over-inflation is all right. It is not. If your tires do not have enough air (under-inflation), you can get the following: (cid:129) Too much flexing (cid:129) Too much heat (cid:129) Tire overloading (cid:129) Premature or irregular wear (cid:129) Poor handling (cid:129) Reduced fuel economy If your tires have too much air (over-inflation), you can get the following: (cid:129) Unusual wear (cid:129) Poor handling (cid:129) Rough ride (cid:129) Needless damage from
road hazards
A vehicle specific Tire and Loading Information label is attached to your vehicle. This label shows your vehicle’s original equipment tires and the correct inflation pressures for your tires when they are cold. The recommended cold tire inflation pressure, shown on the label, is the minimum amount of air pressure needed to support your vehicle’s maximum load carrying capacity. For additional information regarding how much weight your vehicle can carry, and an example of the Tire and Loading Information label, see Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30. How you load your vehicle affects vehicle handling and ride comfort. Never load your vehicle with more weight than it was designed to carry.
When to Check Check your tires once a month or more. Do not forget to check the compact spare tire, it should be at 60 psi (420 kPa). For additional information regarding the compact spare tire, see Compact Spare Tire on page 9-67. How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gage to check tire pressure. You cannot tell if your tires are properly inflated simply by looking at them. Radial tires may look properly inflated even when they are under-inflated. Check the tire’s inflation pressure when the tires are cold. Cold means your vehicle has been sitting for at least three hours or driven no more than 1 mile (1.6 km).
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Remove the valve cap from the tire valve stem. Press the tire gage firmly onto the valve to get a pressure measurement. If the cold tire inflation pressure matches the recommended pressure on the Tire and Loading Information label, no further adjustment is necessary. If the inflation pressure is low, add air until you reach the recommended amount. If you overfill the tire, release air by pushing on the metal stem in the center of the tire valve. Re-check the tire pressure with the tire gage. Be sure to put the valve caps back on the valve stems. They help prevent leaks by keeping out dirt and moisture.
High-Speed Operation
{ CAUTION
Driving at high speeds, 100 mph (160 km/h) or higher, puts an additional strain on tires. Sustained high-speed driving causes excessive heat build up and can cause sudden tire failure. You could have a crash and you or others could be killed. Some high-speed rated tires require inflation pressure adjustment for high speed operation. When speed limits and road conditions are such that a vehicle can be driven at high speeds, make sure the tires are rated for high speed operation, in excellent condition, and set to the correct cold tire inflation pressure for the vehicle load.
If the vehicle has P205/55R16 size tires, additional air pressure is required when driving the vehicle at speeds of 99 mph (158 km/h) or higher. Set the cold tire inflation pressure to the maximum inflation pressure shown on the tire sidewall, or 32 psi (220 kPa), whichever is lower. See the example following. Example: The maximum load and inflation pressure is molded on the tire’s sidewall, in small letters, near the rim flange. It reads something like this: Maximum load 710 kg (1565 lbs) 350 kPa (51 psi) Max. Press. For this example, the cold tire inflation pressure for high-speed driving should be set at 32 psi (220 kPa).
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Vehicle Service and Care
When high-speed driving ends, return the tire pressure to the recommended cold inflation pressure shown on the Tire and Loading Information label. See Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30. Tire pressure should be checked and correctly set when the tires are cold. See Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 9-46.
Tire Pressure Monitor System The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses radio and sensor technology to check tire pressure levels. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in your vehicle’s tires and transmit tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle. Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation
pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, you should determine the proper tire inflation pressure for those tires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pressure telltale when one or more of your tires is significantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should stop and check your tires as soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pressure. Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle’s handling and stopping ability.
Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire maintenance, and it is the driver’s responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure, even if under-inflation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not operating properly. The TPMS malfunction indicator is combined with the low tire pressure telltale. When the system detects a malfunction, the telltale will flash for approximately one minute and then remain continuously illuminated. This sequence will continue upon subsequent vehicle start-ups as long as the malfunction exists.
When the malfunction indicator is illuminated, the system may not be able to detect or signal low tire pressure as intended. TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety of reasons, including the installation of replacement or alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale after replacing one or more tires or wheels on your vehicle to ensure that the replacement or alternate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to continue to function properly. See Tire Pressure Monitor Operation on page 9-50 for additional information.
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Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and Industry and Science Canada The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) operates on a radio frequency and complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause
harmful interference.
2. This device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
The TPMS operates on a radio frequency and complies with RSS-210 of Industry and Science Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause
interference.
2. This device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
Changes or modifications to this system by other than an authorized service facility could void authorization to use this equipment.
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Vehicle Service and Care
Tire Pressure Monitor Operation The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) is designed to warn the driver when a low tire pressure condition exists. TPMS sensors are mounted onto each tire and wheel assembly, excluding the spare tire. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in the vehicle’s tires and transmit tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle.
When a low tire pressure condition is detected, the TPMS illuminates the low tire pressure warning light located in the instrument panel cluster.
The low tire pressure warning light comes on at each ignition cycle until the tires are inflated to the correct inflation pressure. The low tire pressure warning light may come on in cool weather when the vehicle is first started, and then turn off as you start to drive. This could be an early indicator that the air pressure in the tire(s) are getting low and need to be inflated to the proper pressure. You must begin driving before the TPMS system is operational. TPMS sensors need to be installed onto the full-size tire and wheel assemblies, and the tires adjusted to the manufacturers’ recommended tire pressure amount. A Tire and Load Information label is attached to the vehicle, and shows the size of the vehicle’s original equipment tires and the correct inflation pressure for the tires when they are cold. See Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30, for an
example of the Tire and Load Information label and its location on the vehicle. Also see Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 9-46. The vehicle’s TPMS can warn you about a low tire pressure condition but it does not replace normal tire maintenance. See Tire Inspection and Rotation on page 9-51 and Tires on page 9-38. Notice: Liquid tire sealants could damage the Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) sensors. Sensor damage caused by using a tire sealant is not covered by your warranty. Do not use liquid tire sealants. Each TPMS sensor has a unique identification code. Any time you replace one or more of the TPMS sensors or rotate the vehicle’s tires, the identification codes are automatically learned by the TPMS. This occurs within a few moments of driving the vehicle over 19 mph (31 km/h).
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(cid:129) Replacement tires or wheels do not match the vehicle’s original equipment tires or wheels. Tires and wheels other than those recommended for the vehicle could prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. See Buying New Tires on page 9-54.
(cid:129) Operating electronic devices or being near facilities using radio wave frequencies similar to the TPMS could cause the TPMS sensors to malfunction.
If the TPMS is not functioning it cannot detect or signal a low tire condition. See your dealer/retailer for service if the TPMS malfunction light comes on and stays on.
TPMS Malfunction Light The TPMS will not function properly if one or more of the TPMS sensors are missing or inoperable. When the system detects a malfunction, the low tire warning light flashes for about one minute and then stays on for the remainder of the ignition cycle. Some of the conditions that can cause the malfunction light to come on are: (cid:129) One of the road tires has been
replaced with the spare tire. The spare tire does not have a TPMS sensor. The TPMS malfunction light and DIC message should go off once you re-install the road tire containing the TPMS sensor.
(cid:129) One or more TPMS sensors are missing or damaged. The TPMS malfunction light should go off after the TPMS sensors are installed and the vehicle is driven for a few moments over 19 mph (31 km/h). See your dealer/retailer for service.
Tire Inspection and Rotation Inspect tires regularly for signs of wear or damage. Also inspect the spare tire. For more information on tire inspection, see When It Is Time for New Tires on page 9-53. Rotating vehicle tires helps them to wear evenly and keeps the vehicle performing like it did when tires were new. Rotate the tires and check wheel alignment approximately every 5,000 to 8,000 miles (8 000 to 13 000 km) or when unusual tire wear is noted. See “Scheduled Maintenance” in the Index of the “Limited Warranty, Maintenance and Owner Assistance Information” manual for more information. Also check the wheels for damage, see Wheel Replacement on page 9-58
for more information.9-52
Vehicle Service and Care
{ CAUTION
Rust or dirt on a wheel, or on the parts to which it is fastened, can make wheel bolts become loose after time. The wheel could come off and cause a crash. When you change a wheel, remove any rust or dirt from places where the wheel attaches to the vehicle using a scraper or wire brush.
Installing wheels with a good metal-to-metal contact at the mounting surfaces is necessary to prevent wheel bolts from becoming loose.
To prevent corrosion or rust build-up, lightly coat the wheel hub center and the cone-shaped surface of each wheel bolt with wheel bearing grease, after a wheel change. See Changing a Flat Tire on page 9-60 for information on installing the tire and wheel assembly. Also see “Wheel Bolt Torque” under Capacities and Specifications on page 10-2. Adjust the front and rear tires to the recommended cold tire inflation pressure shown on the Tire and Loading Information label. See Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 9-46 and Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30.
Use this pattern when rotating the vehicle tires. Do not include the compact spare tire in the tire rotation.
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You need new tires if any of the following statements are true: (cid:129) You can see the indicators at three or more places around the tire.
(cid:129) You can see cord or fabric
showing through the tire’s rubber. The tread or sidewall is cracked, cut, or snagged deep enough to show cord or fabric. The tire has a bump, bulge, or split. The tire has a puncture, cut, or other damage that cannot be repaired well because of the size or location of the damage.
The rubber in tires degrades over time, even if they are not being used. This is also true for the spare tire, if the vehicle has one. Multiple conditions affect how fast this aging takes place, including temperatures, loading conditions, and inflation pressure maintenance. With proper care and maintenance tires typically wear out before they degrade due to age. If you are unsure about the need to replace the tires as they get older, consult the tire manufacturer for more information.
When It Is Time for New Tires Various factors, such as maintenance, temperatures, driving speeds, vehicle loading, and road conditions influence when you need new tires.
One way to tell when it is time for new tires is to check the treadwear indicators, which will appear when the tires have only 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) or less of tread remaining.
(cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) 9-54
Vehicle Service and Care
Buying New Tires GM has developed and matched specific tires for your vehicle. The original equipment tires installed on your vehicle, when it was new, were designed to meet General Motors Tire Performance Criteria Specification (TPC Spec) system rating. If you need replacement tires, GM strongly recommends that you get tires with the same TPC Spec rating. This way, your vehicle will continue to have tires that are designed to give the same performance and vehicle safety, during normal use, as the original tires. GM’s exclusive TPC Spec system considers over a dozen critical specifications that impact the overall performance of your vehicle, including brake system performance, ride and handling, traction control,
and tire pressure monitoring performance. GM’s TPC Spec number is molded onto the tire’s sidewall near the tire size. If the tires have an all-season tread design, the TPC Spec number will be followed by an MS for mud and snow. See Tire Sidewall Labeling on page 9-40 for additional information. GM recommends replacing tires in sets of four. This is because uniform tread depth on all tires will help keep your vehicle performing most like it did when the tires were new. Replacing less than a full set of tires can affect the braking and handling performance of your vehicle. See Tire Inspection and Rotation on page 9-51 for information on proper tire rotation.
{ CAUTION
Mixing tires could cause you to lose control while driving. If you mix tires of different sizes, brands, or types (radial and bias-belted tires), the vehicle may not handle properly, and you could have a crash. Using tires of different sizes, brands, or types may also cause damage to the vehicle. Be sure to use the correct size, brand, and type of tires on all wheels. It is all right to drive with the compact spare temporarily, as it was developed for use on the vehicle. See Compact Spare Tire on page 9-67.
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{ CAUTION
If you use bias-ply tires on the vehicle, the wheel rim flanges could develop cracks after many miles of driving. A tire and/or wheel could fail suddenly, causing a crash. Use only radial-ply tires with the wheels on the vehicle.
If you must replace your vehicle’s tires with those that do not have a TPC Spec number, make sure they are the same size, load range, speed rating, and construction type (radial and bias-belted tires) as your vehicle’s original tires. Vehicles that have a tire pressure monitoring system could give an inaccurate low-pressure warning if non-TPC Spec rated tires are installed on your vehicle. Non-TPC Spec rated tires may give a low-pressure warning that is higher or lower than the proper warning
level you would get with TPC Spec rated tires. See Tire Pressure Monitor System on page 9-48. Your vehicle’s original equipment tires are listed on the Tire and Loading Information Label. See Loading the Vehicle on page 8-30, for more information about the Tire and Loading Information Label and its location on your vehicle.
Different Size Tires and Wheels If you add wheels or tires that are a different size than your original equipment wheels and tires, this may affect the way your vehicle performs, including its braking, ride and handling characteristics, stability, and resistance to rollover. Additionally, if your vehicle has electronic systems such as, anti-lock brakes, traction control, and stability control, the performance of these systems can be affected.
{ CAUTION If you add different sized wheels, your vehicle may not provide an acceptable level of performance and safety if tires not recommended for those wheels are selected. You may increase the chance that you will crash and suffer serious injury. Only use Saturn specific wheel and tire systems developed for your vehicle, and have them properly installed by a Saturn certified technician.
See Buying New Tires on page 9-54
and Accessories and Modifications on page 9-3 for additional information.9-56
Vehicle Service and Care
Uniform Tire Quality Grading Quality grades can be found where applicable on the tire sidewall between tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A The following information relates to the system developed by the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), which grades tires by treadwear, traction, and temperature performance. This applies only to vehicles sold in the United States. The grades are molded
on the sidewalls of most passenger car tires. The Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG) system does not apply to deep tread, winter-type snow tires, space-saver, or temporary use spare tires, tires with nominal rim diameters of 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm), or to some limited-production tires. While the tires available on General Motors passenger cars and light trucks may vary with respect to these grades, they must also conform to federal safety requirements and additional General Motors Tire Performance Criteria (TPC) standards.
Treadwear The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and a half (1.5) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and may depart significantly from the norm due to variations in driving habits, service practices, and differences in road characteristics and climate.
Traction – AA, A, B, C The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C. Those grades represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance.
{ WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on straight-ahead braking traction tests, and does not include acceleration, cornering, hydroplaning, or peak traction characteristics.
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Temperature – A, B, C The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a level of performance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor
Vehicle Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.
{ WARNING The temperature grade for this tire is established for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire failure.
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Vehicle Service and Care
Wheel Alignment and Tire Balance The tires and wheels on your vehicle were aligned and balanced carefully at the factory to give you the longest tire life and best overall performance. Adjustments to wheel alignment and tire balancing will not be necessary on a regular basis. However, if you notice unusual tire wear or your vehicle pulling to one side or the other, the alignment might need to be checked. If you notice your vehicle vibrating when driving on a smooth road, the tires and wheels might need to be rebalanced. See your dealer/retailer for proper diagnosis.
Wheel Replacement Replace any wheel that is bent, cracked or badly rusted or corroded. If the wheel bolts keep coming loose, the wheel and wheel bolts should be replaced. If the wheel leaks air, replace it (except some aluminum wheels, which can sometimes be repaired). See your dealer/retailer if any of these conditions exist. Your dealer/retailer will know the kind of wheel you need. Each new wheel should have the same load-carrying capacity, diameter, width, offset and be mounted the same way as the one it replaces.
If you need to replace any of the wheels or wheel bolts, replace them only with new GM original equipment parts. This way, you will be sure to have the right wheel and wheel bolts for the vehicle.
{ CAUTION
Using the wrong replacement wheels or wheel bolts on your vehicle can be dangerous. It could affect the braking and handling of the vehicle, make the tires lose air and make you lose control of the vehicle. You could have a collision in which you or others could be injured. Always use the correct wheel and wheel bolts for replacement.
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Tire Chains
{ CAUTION
Do not use tire chains. There is not enough clearance. Tire chains used on a vehicle without the proper amount of clearance can cause damage to the brakes, suspension or other vehicle parts. The area damaged by the tire chains could cause you to lose control of the vehicle and you or others may be injured in a crash.
(Continued)
CAUTION (Continued)
Use another type of traction device only if its manufacturer recommends it for use on the vehicle and tire size combination and road conditions. Follow that manufacturer’s instructions. To help avoid damage to the vehicle, drive slowly, readjust or remove the device if it is contacting the vehicle, and do not spin the vehicle’s wheels. If you do find traction devices that will fit, install them on the front tires.
Notice: The wrong wheel can also cause problems with bearing life, brake cooling, speedometer or odometer calibration, headlamp aim, bumper height, vehicle ground clearance, and tire or tire chain clearance to the body and chassis. See Changing a Flat Tire on page 9-60 for more information.
Used Replacement Wheels
{ CAUTION
Putting a used wheel on the vehicle is dangerous. You cannot know how it has been used or how far it has been driven. It could fail suddenly and cause a crash. If you have to replace a wheel, use a new GM original equipment wheel.
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Vehicle Service and Care
Tire Changing If a Tire Goes Flat It is unusual for a tire to blowout while you are driving, especially if you maintain your vehicle’s tires properly. If air goes out of a tire, it is much more likely to leak out slowly. But if you should ever have a blowout, here are a few tips about what to expect and what to do: If a front tire fails, the flat tire creates a drag that pulls the vehicle toward that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the steering wheel firmly. Steer to maintain lane position, and then gently brake to a stop well out of the traffic lane. A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a skid and may require the same correction you would use in a skid. In any rear blowout remove your foot from the accelerator pedal. Get the vehicle under control by steering the
way you want the vehicle to go. It may be very bumpy and noisy, but you can still steer. Gently brake to a stop, well off the road if possible.
{ CAUTION
Lifting a vehicle and getting under it to do maintenance or repairs is dangerous without the appropriate safety equipment and training. The jack provided with your vehicle is designed only for changing a flat tire. If it is used for anything else, you or others could be badly injured or killed if the vehicle slips off the jack. Use the jack provided with your vehicle only for changing a flat tire.
If a tire goes flat, the next part shows how to use the jacking equipment to change a flat tire safely.
Changing a Flat Tire If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to a level place. Turn on the hazard warning flashers.
{ CAUTION Changing a tire can be dangerous. The vehicle can slip off the jack and roll over or fall on you or other people. You and they could be badly injured or even killed. Find a level place to change your tire. To help prevent the vehicle from moving:
1. Set the parking brake
firmly.
2. Put an automatic
transmission shift lever in P (Park), or shift a manual transmission to 1 (First) or R (Reverse).
(Continued)
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Removing the Spare Tire and Tools The equipment you will need is located in the rear storage area. 1. Open the liftgate. See Liftgate on
page 2-6.
3. Remove the foam pad. Turn the
retainer counterclockwise to remove it.
4. Remove the spare tire by pulling
it up and out of the trunk.
2. Lift the floor cover to access the
spare tire and tools.
CAUTION (Continued)
3. Turn off the engine and do not restart while the vehicle is raised.
4. Do not allow passengers to
remain in the vehicle.
To be certain the vehicle will not move, put blocks at the front and rear of the tire farthest away from the one being changed. That would be the tire on the other side, at the opposite end of the vehicle.
When you have a flat tire, place the wheel block at the tire diagonally across from the flat tire.
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Vehicle Service and Care
Removing the Flat Tire and Installing the Spare Tire 1. If your vehicle has wheel covers,
remove the cover. Do not try to put a wheel cover on your compact spare tire. It will not fit. Store the wheel cover in the trunk until you have the flat tire repaired or replaced.
Notice: Wheel covers will not fit on your vehicle’s compact spare. If you try to put a wheel cover on the compact spare, the cover or the spare could be damaged. 2. If your vehicle has wheel bolt caps, remove the caps. Store the caps with the wheel cover.
5. The jack and tools are stored
below the spare tire.
6. The tools you will be using include the jack (A), wheel wrench (B) and jack handle (C).
3. Use the wheel wrench to loosen
all the wheel bolts. Do not remove them yet.
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Notice: Make sure that the jack lift head is in the correct position or you may damage your vehicle. The repairs would not be covered by your warranty.
4. Position the jack lift head at the
jack location nearest the flat tire. The location is indicated by a mark on the bottom edge of the vehicle.
5. Put the compact spare tire
near you.
{ CAUTION
Getting under a vehicle when it is jacked up is dangerous. If the vehicle slips off the jack, you could be badly injured or killed. Never get under a vehicle when it is supported only by a jack.
{ CAUTION
Raising your vehicle with the jack improperly positioned can damage the vehicle and even make the vehicle fall. To help avoid personal injury and vehicle damage, be sure to fit the jack lift head into the proper location before raising the vehicle.
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Vehicle Service and Care
{ CAUTION
Rust or dirt on a wheel, or on the parts to which it is fastened, can make wheel bolts become loose after time. The
