2006 Saab 9 5 Owners Manual

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the road surface is dry, wet or slippery, press the brake pedal down hard- without letting up (do not pump the pedal), declutching simulta- neously, and steer the car to safety. Starting and driving 163 ABS (antilock braking system) modulates the brake pressure to the respective wheels. Wheel sensors detect if a wheel is about to lock, and the control module reduces the pressure to that wheel and then increases it once more until the tendency is detected again. The brake system is equipped with an Elec- tronic Brake-force Distribution device (EBD), which distributes the brake pressure between the front and rear wheels, in such a way as to achieve optimum braking perfor- mance irrespective of the car’s speed and load. WARNING (cid:127) It is prudent to try your brakes from time to time, especially when driving in heavy rain, through water collected on the road, in snow, on a wet road sur- face or in salty slush. In such condi- tions, the brakes may take longer than normal to take effect. To rectify this, touch the brake pedal periodically to dry the brakes out. (cid:127) The same applies after the car has been washed or when the weather is very humid. (cid:127) Avoid parking the car with wet brakes. Before parking, and if the traffic condi- tions allow, brake quite heavily so that the brake discs and pads warm up and dry. (cid:127) The brakes are power assisted and it should be kept in mind that the servo unit only provides the power assis- tance when the engine is running. (cid:127) The brake pressure required when the engine is off,(e.g. when the car is being towed) is roughly four times the normal pedal force required. The pedal also feels hard and unre- sponsive. 95usM06.book Page 164 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 164 Starting and driving The ABS system has a built-in diagnostic function which will switch on the Anti-lock brake warning light if a fault is detected in the system (see page 60). The ABS system will not reduce the braking distance on loose gravel or on snow or ice but, because the wheels cannot lock up, some steering control is retained. When the ABS system is working, i.e. mod- ulation of the brake pressure is in progress, the brake pedal will pulsate and a ticking noise will be heard. All this is perfectly nor- mal. Press the pedal down hard (you cannot press too hard) and steer the car to safety. Braking with ABS – evasive steering Braking with ABS brakes. When the system is operating, the brake pedal will pulsate gently and the system will make a ticking noise. Do not release the brake pedal before the car has come to a halt or the danger has passed! If the road is slippery, the ABS system will operate even when only light pressure is applied to the pedal. This means that you can brake gently to test the condition of the road and adapt your driving accordingly. It is well worth practicing the use of ABS brakes on a skid pad or other suitable facility. 95usM06.book Page 165 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Electronic Stability Program (ESP) WARNING When driving normally, ESP will help to improve the stability of the car. This does not mean that car can be driven faster. The same care and prudence as normally applied should be displayed on cornering and when driving on slippery roads. The Electronic Stability Program employs both the antilock braking system (ABS) and the traction control system (TCS). It is a system that helps the driver to stabilize the car in unusual circumstances that would otherwise be more difficult to handle. How the ESP system works The Electronic Stability Program can help to prevent the car from skidding by braking one or several wheels independently of the driver. The engine output is then also reduced to prevent the driving wheels from spinning. The car has sensors that measure wheel speed, yaw acceleration, lateral acceleration, steering wheel position and braking pressure. The values provided by these sensors are used to calculate the actual direction of the car. If this direction does not agree with that intended by the driver, calculated from the steering wheel position, the ESP is engaged. ESP improves the driver’s chances of retaining control over the car in critical situ- ations. To ensure that the system works as designed, the dimensions of all four tires must be the same. Starting and driving 165 Increased stability with ESP. The system applies the brakes to the wheels as shown in order to reduce the likelihood of the car skidding 95usM06.book Page 166 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 166 Starting and driving indicator light on the main instru- ESP indicator light The ment comes on for a short period of time when the ESP system is operative. Operation of the ESP indicates reduced cohesion between the tires and the road, and that extra care should be taken by the driver. ESP OFF The comes on if: (cid:127) A fault has been detected and the system light on the main instrument has therefore been switched off. (cid:127) The system has been switched off manu- ally. (cid:127) When the ignition key is turned to the ON position, the lamp is lit for about four sec- onds while the system undergoes a self-test. Turning ESP off The system can be turned off manually with the ESP button, whereupon the light on the main instrument panel will come on. The ESP system cannot be switched off if the car is travelling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h). The ESP is always operative during brak- ing, even if it has been switched off manu- ally. NOTICE Suspension modifications, such as changing the type of wheels, dampers or springs, can affect the function of the ESP system. Always consult a workshop before chang- ing any suspension components. We rec- ommend that you contact an authorized Saab dealer. 95usM06.book Page 167 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Parking brake WARNING (cid:127) Always apply the parking brake when you park the car. (cid:127) Always apply the parking brake before removing the ignition key. (cid:127) Do not use the parking brake while driving. The parking brake is situated between the front seats and acts on the rear wheels. When the parking brake is on, the indicator light on the main instrument panel will be on. To release the parking brake, lift the lever slightly, press the release button and release the lever by pushing down on it. Starting and driving 167 95usM06.book Page 168 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Starting and driving 168 Parking WARNING (cid:127) Do not leave children or pets unat- tended in the car. In warm, sunny weather, the temperature inside the car can reach 160–180°F (70–80°C). (cid:127) Park where the vehicle will not create an obstruction or a hazard to other road users. (cid:127) Do not park on dry grass or other com- bustible material. The catalytic con- verter gets very hot and could start a fire. (cid:127) Apply the parking brake. (cid:127) Shift to Reverse for manual transmis- sion (automatic transmission: move selector lever to P (Park)), and remove the ignition key. Lock the car. NOTICE Empty the car yourself and bear in mind: (cid:127) Never leave a mobile phone, camera, computer or similar object visible in your car. (cid:127) Clothing, packages and bags attract thieves. (cid:127) Do not leave small objects such as CDs, sunglasses and coins visible. (cid:127) If possible, park in a well-lit, conspicuous parking space. (cid:127) Thieves strike whenever and wher- ever they are given the opportunity. Parking on a hill When parking on a steep hill, turn the front wheels so that they will be blocked by the curb if the car should move. 95usM06.book Page 169 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 1 Pointing downhill and against the curb – Turn the wheels into the curb and edge the car forward until the wheels touch the curb. 2 Pointing uphill and against the curb – Turn the wheels away from the curb and edge the car back until the wheels touch the curb. 3 Pointing uphill or downhill – no curb – Turn the wheels towards the edge of the road. If the car should start rolling, it will not run into the road. Starting and driving 169 (cid:127) Disconnect the negative (–) battery lead. If frost is likely to occur during the long-term parking, remove the battery and store it away from the frost. Ideally, the car should be put up on blocks, with the wheels off the ground. If this is not possible, inflate the tires to about 43 psi (300 kPa). (cid:127) Leave all the windows open a crack and cover the car with a fabric tarpaulin – not one made of plastic. Long-term parking If the car is not going to be used for some time, e.g. 3–4 months, the following steps are recommended: (cid:127) Run the engine to normal temperature before long-term parking. (cid:127) Drain the washer-fluid reservoir and hoses. (cid:127) Wash and wax the car. Clean the rubber seals on the hood, luggage compartment lid and doors, and lubricate them with glycerol (glycerin). (cid:127) After washing the car, dry the brake discs by taking the car out on the road and applying the brakes a few times. (cid:127) Fill the fuel tank with fuel to prevent con- densation forming in it. (cid:127) Top up the coolant and check the anti- freeze before the onset of winter. (cid:127) Park the car in a dry, covered and well-ventilated building. Leave the park- ing brake OFF! (cid:127) 95usM06.book Page 170 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Starting and driving 170 Saab Parking Assistance WARNING Responsibility always lies with the driver when reversing. (cid:127) Saab Parking Assistance can facilitate reversing at low speeds, such as when reverse parking. (cid:127) Bear in mind that small and/or narrow objects cannot always be detected by the system. The parking aid system facilitates parking and reversing. There are four sensors in the rear bumper that detect objects up to 6 feet (1.8 metres) behind the car. Area monitored by the sensors seen from the side Area monitored by the sensors seen from above The system uses four sensors in the rear bumper. These emit ultrasound signals that bounce back to the sensors off any objects behind the car. The system, however, cannot always detect small or narrow objects or objects that do not reflect ultra- sound back towards the car, such as pipes, or the corner of a house or rectangular post. The system is activated automatically when reverse is engaged or selected. When the sensors detect an object within the moni- tored area, the SID will display the text "PARK ASSIST" and pulses of sound (- - - - -) will be heard. The frequency of the pulses increases as the car comes closer to the object. When the distance to the object is less than 12 in. (30 cm), a continuous tone will be heard. Starting and driving 171 95usM06.book Page 171 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM NOTICE Reverse slowly so that you have time to stop the car when the continuous tone is heard at approx. 12 in. (30 cm). When an object is approximately 3 feet (90 cm) from the car, the sound pulses change character markedly. A distance of about 3 feet (90 cm) is suitable if you wish to load or unload the luggage compartment. If the distance between an object and the corner sensors does not change for three seconds, e.g. if you are reversing alongside a wall, the system will switch to monitoring straight back. The system indicates if the distance to the wall decreases again. The system can be disengaged for when driving with a trailer. Press and hold the CLEAR button on the SID when the display shows "PARK ASSIST", until the display shows "PARK ASSIST OFF". The system is re-engaged in the same way. The system is also always activated when the ignition key is turned to ON. Pressing a SID button briefly will not disen- gage the system, the display will simply show the previously selected function. NOTICE To function well, the sensors must be kept clean. Ice snow and dirt can affect their sensitivity. Do not spray the sensors or closer than 8 in. (20 cm) to the sensors with a pres- sure washer, as this could damage them. Ice, snow and dirt can affect the sensitivity of the sensors. In such cases a continuous tone will sound warning the driver that the system cannot measure the distance to an object. You can turn the system off by press- ing and holding the CLEAR button for 1.5 seconds. If the text "PARK ASSIST FAILURE" is dis- played on the SID, have the system checked by a workshop. We recommend that you contact an authorized Saab dealer. 95usM06.book Page 172 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM How to read the graph above: If fuel consumption with the engine at normal temperature is 28 mpg (10l/100 km), the actual fuel consumption 3 miles (5 km) after the engine has started from cold will be: – 23.5 mpg (12l/100 km) at outside temp. of 68°F (20°C) (increase of 20 %). – 17.7 mpg (16l/100 km) at outside temp. of 32°F (0°C) (increase of 60 %). – 14 mpg (20l/100 km)) at outside temp. of –4°F (–20°C) (increase of 100 %). As can be seen, both the distance travelled by the car and the outside temperature have a major impact on fuel consumption after the engine has started from cold. Thus, if the car is mainly used for short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km), the fuel consumption will be 60–80 % higher than normal. Starting and driving 172 Economical motoring Factors affecting fuel consumption Fuel consumption is greatly affected by the general driving conditions, the way in which the car is driven and at what speeds, the weather, the state of the road, the condition of the car, etc. Breaking-in Fuel consumption may be somewhat higher during the break-in period (the first 3,000– 4,000 miles (5,000–7,000 km) than stated. Weather conditions Fuel consumption can be as much as 10 % lower in summer than in winter. The higher consumption in cold weather is explained by the longer time it takes for the engine to reach normal operating temperature, and for the transmission and wheel bearings to warm up. Fuel economy is also affected by the distance driven: short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km) do not give the engine enough time to reach normal temperature. Strong winds can also affect fuel con- sumption. Percentage increase in fuel consumption of engine starting from cold compared to engine at normal temperature 95usM06.book Page 173 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Driving technique (cid:127) To obtain the best running economy, not only regarding fuel consumption but gen- eral wear also, regular service is required. (cid:127) High speed, unnecessary acceleration, heavy braking and much low gear work all gives rise to higher fuel consumption. (cid:127) Frequent gear changing in traffic, starting in cold weather, the use of studded tires and roof racks, and towing a trailer all increase fuel consumption. (cid:127) Do not run the engine when the car is sta- tionary. If idling, it will take much longer before the engine becomes hot. Engine wear is greatest during this warming-up phase. Therefore drive away as soon as possible after the engine is started and avoid high revving. (cid:127) Driving in a low gear results in higher fuel consumption than in a high gear because of the higher engine speed for a given road speed. Always change up to a higher gear as soon as traffic conditions allow and use the highest gear as much as pos- sible. (cid:127) Check the air pressure in the tires once a month. Incorrect pressures increase tire wear. It is better to have slightly higher pressure than lower. (cid:127) Check fuel consumption regularly. Increased consumption can indicate that something is wrong and that the car needs to be checked by a workshop. We recommend that you contact an autho- rized Saab dealer. Practical trials on the roads have demon- strated that substantial savings in fuel con- sumption can be made if the above advice is heeded. Starting and driving 173 Road conditions Wet roads increase fuel consumption, as do unpaved roads and driving in hilly country (the amount of fuel saved driving downhill is less than the additional amount required to climb the hill). WARNING Never switch the engine off while driving as the effect of the brakes and power steering will be greatly reduced. 95usM06.book Page 174 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Starting and driving 174 Engine block heater The following are just some of the benefits to the car and the environment of using an engine block heater: (cid:127) Lower fuel consumption. (cid:127) Exhaust emissions substantially reduced over short runs. (cid:127) Reduced wear on the engine. Inside of car warms up faster. The engine heater is effective at outside temperatures up to 58–68°F (+15–20:C). The warmer it is outside, the shorter the time the engine heater needs to be connected. Longer than 1.5 hours is unnecessary. If the car is equipped with a removable, electrical cabin heater that is not in use, this should be stored in the luggage compart- ment. (cid:127) Check the anti-freeze in the engine cool- ant, see page 198. The car´s trip computer will warn you when there is a risk of slippery conditions. For fur- ther information on this function, see page 68. The car is equipped with tires designed to provide optimum grip on both wet and dry roads, although this has been achieved at the expense of somewhat reduced grip on snow and ice. For regular driving on snow and ice, we therefore recommend that winter (snow) tires be fitted. Winter (snow) tires, particularly studded tires (where use is legally permitted), gener- ally make driving safer on snow and ice. Acquaint yourself with the legal provi- sions governing the use of different types of winter tires and snow chains. Studded tires are not allowed in some countries. Driving in cold weather Before starting a journey in cold weather you should check the following: (cid:127) That the wiper blades have not become frozen to the windshield/glass. (cid:127) Brush any snow away from the air intake for the heater system (opening between hood and windshield). It may be advisable to lubricate the door-lock cylinder (use molybdenum disulphide, MoS) to prevent its freezing. If the lock has frozen, take care not to break the key (or use the remote control) – heat it first or spray it with de-icer. (cid:127) Periodically during the winter, add gaso- line anti-freeze to the fuel to dispel any condensation in the fuel tank which could freeze and cause problems in the system. Keep the tank well filled to reduce the risk of condensation forming. If the car is parked outside in freezing weather, fuel additives (gasoline anti-freeze) will not do any good as it cannot remove water that has already fro- zen. Park the car in a warm place so that any ice that may have built up melts, then add gasoline anti-freeze when filling up the tank. Condensation is caused by changes in the outdoor temperature or by the car being parked alternately in a garage and outside. It is particularly important when the roads are slippery that the brakes and tires be in good condition. (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) 95usM06.book Page 175 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM If winter tires are fitted, the same type must be fitted on all wheels. Your Saab dealer will be pleased to advise you on the best tires for your car. Remember that tires age. It may therefore be necessary to change them before they reach the legal wear limit, as they gradually lose their friction properties. The best response if the car gets into a front-wheel skid is to freewheel (manual gearbox only), i.e. disengage the clutch (so that the wheels are neither driven or retarded by the engine. If the car has automatic transmission, ease up on the accelerator and steer carefully in the desired direction. In a rear-wheel skid, steer in the same direc- tion that the rear of the car is moving. Tire chains If you want to fit tire chains (where legally permitted) they should only be fitted to the tires recommended under ”Specifications” (see page 268). Consult your Saab dealer for details of approved tire chains. WARNING (cid:127) Do not exceed 30 mph (50 km/h) when tire chains are fitted. (cid:127) Tire chains can reduce the directional stability of the car. (cid:127) Tire chains must not be used on the rear wheels. Starting and driving 175 Driving in hot weather (cid:127) Always check the coolant level before starting a journey. The level should be just below the MAX mark. (cid:127) At the end of a journey, if the engine has worked hard, allow it to idle for two or three minutes before switching it off. If the needle on the temperature gauge enters the red zone: 1 Bring the car to a standstill but leave the engine running. Do not remove the cap on the expansion tank even if the tank is empty. If the needle on the temperature gauge continues to rise while the engine is idling, switch off the engine. NOTICE (cid:127) Check the links frequently for wear. (cid:127) Check that the chains do not contact the wheel-arch liner at full lock. (cid:127) See section ”Specifications”, page 268, for information on allowable wheel dimensions for the fitting of tire chains. 95usM06.book Page 176 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 176 Starting and driving 2 Wait until the needle has dropped back to indicate normal temperature (roughly midway, in the white zone) before stop- ping the engine. If the coolant needs top- ping up, unscrew the cap on expansion tank carefully. Top up, as necessary, ideally with a 50/50 mixture of Saab-approved coolant and water. If only water is available, use that, but remember to have the coolant mixture checked as soon as possible. WARNING (cid:127) Exercise care when opening the hood if the engine is overheated. Never remove the expansion tank cap com- pletely when the engine is hot. (cid:127) The cooling system is pressurized - hot coolant and vapor can escape. These can cause injury to your eyes and burns. Open the cap slowly to release the pressure before removing it. 3 As soon as possible, have the cooling system checked by a workshop. We rec- ommend that you contact an authorized Saab dealer. Towing a trailer WARNING (cid:127) When towing a trailer, do not attempt to negotiate a hill having a gradient in excess of 15 %. The weight distribu- tion over the front wheels of the car will be insufficient to prevent wheelspin, making further progress impossible. (cid:127) In addition, the parking brake may not always be able to hold the car and trailer securely, with the result that the wheels can start to slide downhill. (cid:127) Always apply the trailer’s parking- brake when unhitching it. There is oth- erwise a risk of personal injury or damage to the bumper should the trailer start to roll. Trailer hitch attachment Trailer hitch attachments are available as accessories. These are designed for a max- imum trailer weight of 3500 lbs. (1588 kg), see also page 261. Use only the electrical trailer hitch socket provided in the trailer hitch kit. Saab recommends: (cid:127) Use a Saab original hitch kit attachment which is designed and tested by Saab. (cid:127) Consult your Saab dealer regarding the appropriate hitch kit for your car. NOTICE Use only a genuine Saab trailer hitch and wiring, since other wiring methods can cause expensive damage to the car’s body and electrical system. We recommend that you consult an authorized Saab dealer for guidance on how to connect the trailer hitch electrical system. Maximum recommended trailer weights for different gradients 95usM06.book Page 177 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Trailer weight Maximum recommended trailer weights for different gradients, with a view to comfort and drivability for manual and automatic cars, are shown on the drawing. Make sure you are familiar with the law regarding speed limits for towing, maxi- mum trailer weights, trailer-braking requirements, and also any special driving-licence provisions (see also page 261). The specified trailer weights and gradients assume that the journey starts at the hill and therefore apply only to short periods. Starting and driving 177 Recommendations for driving in hilly terrain The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in warm weather, i.e. approximately 86°F (30°C). Gradient of hill, % 6–7 8–9 10–15 Maximum dura- tion, minutes Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 3300 (1500) unlimited 3300 (1500) 15 max 15 max 1870 (850) The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in hot weather, i.e. approximately 104°F (40°C). Gradient of hill, % 6–7 8–9 10–15 Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 2000 (900) 2000 (900) 1000 (450) Maximum dura- tion, minutes unlimited 15 max 15 max. 95usM06.book Page 178 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 178 Starting and driving When negotiating long hills, bear the follow- ing important considerations in mind: (cid:127) Use Normal mode when driving with a caravan or trailer on hilly roads. The adap- tive gear change pattern function will pre- vent the transmission overheating. (cid:127) Rises in coolant temperature are indi- cated by the temperature gauge in the main instrument panel. When continuing your journey, select manual mode and a gear in which the engine speed is about 3,000 rpm until the incline eases (see page 159). WARNING Remember to use the braking effect of the engine (position D or L) when you are descending long or steep hills to spare the brakes. Brake failure can result from overheated brakes! Recommendations for cars with automatic transmission Rises in coolant temperature are indicated by the temperature gauge in the main instru- ment panel. The following steps are taken in order as the temperature of the engine increases: (cid:127) Gear change pattern is altered. (cid:127) A/C compressor is switched off. (cid:127) Engine torque is reduced. The following message will be displayed on the SID if the transmission fluid becomes too hot: “Gearbox too hot. Make a safe stop. If this message appears, stop the car as soon as it is safe to do so and allow the engine to idle until the message has gone out. The selector lever should be in position P. 95usM06.book Page 179 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Recommendations for cars with manual gearbox Rises in coolant temperature are indicated by the temperature gauge in the main instru- ment panel. The following steps are taken in order as the temperature of the engine increases: (cid:127) A/C compressor is switched off. (cid:127) engine torque is reduced. When continuing your journey, select a gear in which the engine speed is about 3,000 rpm until the incline eases. WARNING Utilize the braking effect of the engine (1st, 2nd or 3rd gear) when you are descending long or steep hills to spare the brakes. Brake failure can result from overheated brakes! Driving considerations Always take extra care when towing a trailer, as the car’s handling will be different and its braking effect reduced. The trailer’s braking system and suspension also have a considerable effect on these characteris- tics, see also ”Driving with a load” page 183. If the car has automatic transmission, select position D when ascending steep hills. This ensures that the adaptive gear change pat- terns are operational, see page 160. Use position D or L for steep descents. NOTICE If the ”Automatic transmission , fault indicator” indicator towing until the problem has been recti- fied. comes on, cease Starting and driving 179 Checks before driving Make sure that the car and camper or trailer are in good working order. This is essential since towing a camper or trailer increases the strain on the car. (cid:127) Check and if necessary adjust the tire pressure of the car and camper or trailer. (cid:127) Make sure all wheel bolts are properly tightened. (cid:127) Make sure that the equipment joining the car and camper or trailer is properly secured and adjusted. (cid:127) Make sure the camper or trailer’s electri- cal cable is properly connected and is not so long that it drags along the ground. Also, make sure the cable is not too short and risks breaking when turning a corner. (cid:127) Check all bulbs. (cid:127) Check the car and camper or trailer brakes. (cid:127) Make sure that all items on or in the cara- van or trailer are properly secured. (cid:127) Make sure that the camper or trailer’s jockey wheel is raised and locked. (cid:127) Check the distribution of the load so that the car and camper or trailer are well bal- anced. (cid:127) Check that the rearview mirrors provide the best possible rearward vision. (cid:127) Make sure the camper or trailer’s safety cable is correctly attached. 95usM06.book Page 180 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 180 Starting and driving Trailer hitch load The weight distribution on the trailer makes a lot of difference to the handling properties of the car and trailer combination. As regards single-axle trailers, whenever pos- sible, concentrate the load over the wheels and keep it as low as possible. The trailer should be loaded so that the maximum load on the towbar ball is 5 % to 7 % of the trailer weight with a maximum permissible tongue weight of 110–165 lbs. (50–75 kg). Note that this load must be added to the total load for the car. If this now exceeds the specified load capacity, the load in the lug- gage compartment will have to be reduced by a corresponding amount. WARNING When you connect the trailer be sure to attach its safety chains to the holes as illustrated. Distribution of load in trailer a Light b Moderate c Heavy Attach the safety chains to the holes as illustrated 95usM06.book Page 181 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Starting and driving 181 Driving with a roof rack load WARNING (cid:127) A roof load will affect the car’s center of gravity and aerodynamics. Be aware of this when cornering and driv- ing in crosswinds. (cid:127) Suit your speed to the prevailing con- ditions. (cid:127) Due to higher aerodynamic drag, fuel economy may suffer when driving with a roof rack. The maximum permissible roof load is 220 lbs. (100 kg). Note that the roof load is included in the car’s maximum permissible load (see page 260). Strong, sturdy roof carriers designed spe- cially for the car are available from your Saab dealer. Always secure the roof load safely. Fitting the roof carriers , 9-5 Sedan and 9-5 SportCombi without roof rails The carrier feet are marked with a top view of the car and arrow indicating their posi- tions. 1 Slip the plastic cover onto the adjustable foot of the carrier (foot with knob for tight- ening) to protect the paintwork during assembly. 2 Open all the doors. Fold back the rubber strip and find the fixing holes. 3 Start on the left-hand side of the car. Rest the carrier carefully across the roof, with the rigid foot towards you. Hold the foot clear of the roof to avoid damaging the paintwork. Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins on the foot into the fixing holes. Make sure that the rubber strip comes inside the plastic cover on the carrier. Repeat the procedure with the other carrier. 95usM06.book Page 182 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 182 Starting and driving 4 Close the doors on the left-hand side of the car gently, to hold the carrier feet in place. 5 Now go around to the other side of the car and remove the plastic cover from the carrier’s adjustable foot. Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins on the foot into the fixing holes. Do the same with the other carrier and close the doors gently. 6 Tighten each carrier by turning the knob clockwise (by hand). Tighten just enough to bring the foot up against the edges of the fixing holes. Remove the carriers when not in use, as they increase fuel consumption. The instructions that accompany the carri- ers also include advice on driving with a roof load – we strongly recommend that you read them carefully. Fitting the roof carriers , 9-5 SportCombi with roof rails 1 Clean the car’s roof rails. 2 Check the markings on the cross mem- bers to see which is the front and which is the rear roof carrier. 3 Place the cross members on the roof rails, on their respective sides of the center supports. The cross members must not be placed beyond the front or rear joint on the rail. Ensure that the dis- tance between the cross members is at least 28 inches (700 mm). If a roof box is to be fitted, the cross members must be positioned so that the tailgate can be opened fully without hit- ting the roof box. 4 Using your thumb, press the bracket so that it lies snugly against the outside of the roof rail. Make sure that the roof car- riers are seated centrally on the rubber spacers and that these sit correctly on the roof rail. Pull the spacers down slightly on the inside of the roof rail. 5 Center the roof carriers so that they pro- trude equally on both sides. 6 Tighten the roof carriers by hand. Ensure that the tightening knobs are upright once the roof carriers have been tightened. 7 Make sure the roof carriers are securely in place. 95usM06.book Page 183 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Driving at night Bear in mind the following points when driving at night: (cid:127) Nighttime driving requires your full con- centration. 183 Starting and driving Driving with a load The driving characteristics of the car are affected by the way it is loaded. (cid:127) Place heavy loads as far forward and as low as possible in the trunk. (cid:127) Do not rush. Count on your journey taking slightly longer. (cid:127) Secure the load to the tie downs, see page 132. (cid:127) The number of drivers under the influence of drugs is likely to be greater at night than during the day. (cid:127) The load should be such that the car´s total weight or axle weight are not exceeded, see page 260. (cid:127) Do not stare at the headlights of oncom- ing vehicles. (cid:127) Avoid driving at night if you have poor eye- sight. Night vision deteriorates with age. (cid:127) Keep your car's headlights, windows and mirrors clean. Also, if you wear glasses, make sure they are clean. (cid:127) Make sure you are well rested before starting a long journey. Take a break every other hour. (cid:127) Only eat light meals. Heavy meals have a tendency to induce tiredness. (cid:127) Heavy loads mean that the car’s center of gravity is further back. As a result, the car will sway more during evasive steering. (cid:127) Never exceed the permissible load in the roof box , even if there is room for more. (cid:127) Ensure that the tire pressure is correct – slight overinflation is preferable to under- inflation. (cid:127) The braking distance of a loaded car is always greater. Keep your distance from the vehicle in front. (cid:127) Roof loads can negatively affect tele- communication. Tire pressure, see page 270 and back cover. 95usM06.book Page 184 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 184 Starting and driving Tires WARNING Check the tire pressure at least once a month and before long journeys. Under- inflation can result in: (cid:127) Punctures (cid:127) Separation of the tire and tread (cid:127) Damage to the sidewalls (cid:127) Damage to the rims on poor roads (cid:127) Poor handling characteristics (cid:127) Premature tire wear (cid:127) Increased fuel consumption. The tire pressure should match the current load and speed of the car; for cars sold in U.S. see page 234; for cars sold in Canada see page 269. The tire pressures given apply to cold tires, that is tires that are the same temperature as the outside air temperature. The tire pressure increases as the tires become warm (e.g. during highway driving) with approximately 0.3 bar (4 psi). When the temperature of the tires changes by 50° (10°C), the tire pressure will change 0.1 bar (2 psi). Never reduce the pressure of a hot tire. If the tires are hot when you check them, only increase the pressure, if necessary. Underinflated tires wear more quickly than slightly overinflated tires. If a valve is leaking, simply unscrew it and fit a new one. Important! Remember to adjust the tire pressures if you change the load in the car or intend to drive at substantially lower or higher speeds than normal. 95usM06.book Page 185 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Driving with a spare wheel fitted See page 238. Driving with the trunk lid/tailgate open Avoid driving with the trunk lid/tailgate partly or fully open, since exhaust fumes can be drawn into the cabin. If you must drive with the trunk lid/tailgate open, all windows and the moonroof must be closed and the cabin fan on at its highest speed setting. Driving in deep water Towing the car Starting and driving 185 NOTICE Do not drive in water deeper than 12 inches (30 cm) and do not drive faster than 3–4 mph. Water can otherwise be sucked into the engine. The engine will be seriously damaged if water enters the intake system. WARNING (cid:127) Remember that the brake servo does not operate when the engine is off. Much greater pressure than normal will therefore be required to operate the brake pedal. (cid:127) Nor does the steering servo operate when the engine is off. The steering will therefore be much heavier than usual. (cid:127) The towing vehicle should always be heavier than the vehicle on tow. (cid:127) Never allow passengers to ride in the car being towed. (cid:127) Always seek professional help if the car needs to be towed. 95usM06.book Page 186 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 186 Starting and driving Front towing eye WARNING (cid:127) Make sure that the towing eye at the front is screwed in tightly. (cid:127) The towing eye is only designed for use when the car is being towed on the road. It must not be used to pull the car out of a ditch, for example. (cid:127) Make sure that all bystanders keep a suitable distance, in case the towing eye or tow rope should break. The towing eye or tow rope could catapult off and cause serious injury. NOTICE (cid:127) Do not drive the car with the front towing eye in position. If it catches the curb, for example, the engine sub- frame could be damaged. (cid:127) Refit the plastic plug in the hole when the towing eye has been removed, to keep dirt and moisture out of the threads. Front towing eye Rear towing eye The front towing eye is stored with the spare wheel. The attachment point (tapped hole) for the towing eye is midway along the engine sub- frame at the front of the car. Remove the plastic plug and screw in the towing eye securely. To ensure that the towing eye is in far enough, insert the handle of the wheel wrench through the eye for additional leverage. Rear towing eye The car has a permanently mounted towing eye at the back. If the car is equipped with a trailer hitch, this can be used instead of the towing eye. Starting and driving 187 Transporting the car NOTICE If a car with a sport (lowered) chassis is transported, for example on a flat bed truck, take extra care not to damage the spoiler and/or underbody. 95usM06.book Page 187 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Towing the car NOTICE (cid:127) Never use the towing eyes to pull the car unstuck. Gear lever in neutral (in cars with automatic transmission: selector lever at N (neutral)) Turn on the parking lights. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles being towed. Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake, as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked violently. The local regulations on towing speeds must be followed. The highest permissible towing speed is 30 mph (50 km/h), unless the legal limit is lower. The longest permissible towing dis- tance is 30 miles (50 km). If the car has to be transported farther than that, summon a tow truck. A flat bed tow truck is the pre- ferred method to tow. Failure to follow these guidelines can result in damage. Never use the towing eyes to pull the car unstuck Cars with automatic transmission NOTICE (cid:127) The car must be towed front first. (cid:127) If the car is to be towed with the front wheels off the ground, make sure the parking brake is off, as this acts on the rear wheels. The car cannot be push started. In an emer- gency, it is possible to start the engine using jump leads (see the section, ”Jump starting” on page 188). 95usM06.book Page 188 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Starting and driving 188 Jump starting WARNING (cid:127) When working on the battery, highly explosive gas can build up. A spark could ignite this gas that collects around the battery. Therefore, always avoid sparks and open flames in the vicinity of the bat- tery. (cid:127) The battery contains corrosive sulfuric acid. Always wear a face mask or gog- gles when working on the battery. (cid:127) If battery acid gets into the eyes or splashes onto skin or clothing, wash the affected area liberally with water. If acid gets into the eyes or a large quantity makes contact with the skin, seek medical help. (cid:127) Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds. Wash your hands after handling. If your battery has run down, you may want to use another vehicle and some jumper cables to start your Saab. Follow the steps below to do it safely. NOTICE Ignoring these steps could result in costly damage to your vehicle that would not be covered by your warranty. Trying to start your car by pushing or pull- ing it could damage your vehicle, even if you have a manual transmission. If you have an automatic transmission, your vehicle cannot be started by pushing or pulling it. To jump start your vehicle: 1 Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system. NOTICE If the other system is not a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged. 2 Get the vehicles close enough so the jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles are not touching each other. If a poor connection on the negative jumper cable should exist, it is possible for damage to be caused to electrical sys- tems/components of either vehicle should inadvertent contact be made. You would not be able to start your car and bad grounding could damage elec- trical systems. WARNING You could be injured if the vehicles roll. Set the parking brake firmly on each vehi- cle. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in Neutral. 3 Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Turn off all lights that are not needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries and it could save your radio. 95usM06.book Page 189 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM NOTICE WARNING If you leave your radio on, it could be badly damaged. The repairs would not be covered by your warranty. 4 Open the hood and locate the battery. Find the positive (+) and negative (–) termi- nals on the battery. WARNING An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan. Using a match or flame of any kind near a battery can cause battery gas to explode. You can suffer burns or be blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the battery has enough water. The battery installed in your new Saab has filler caps. Be sure the right amount of water is there. Add distilled or boiled water if the level is too low. If you don’t, explosive gas could be present. Be sure the electrolyte in the battery is not frozen. Discharged batteries will freeze. When connecting jumper cables to a frozen battery, gas from the chemical reaction inside the battery can build up under the ice and cause an explosion. Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Do not get it on you. If you acciden- tally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the area with water and get medical help immediately. Starting and driving 189 5 Check that the jumper cables do not have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock and also the vehicles could be damaged. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (–) will go to a major metal engine part with a good ground. Do not connect (+) to (–) or you will get a short that could injure you or would damage the battery and maybe other parts as well. 6 Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal of the vehicle with the discharged battery. 7 Do not let the other end touch metal. Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one. 8 Now connect the black negative (–) cable to the good battery’s negative terminal. 95usM06.book Page 190 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 190 Starting and driving WARNING Do not let the other end touch anything until the next step. The other end of the negative cable does not go to the dead battery. It goes to a major metal part with a good ground on the engine of the vehi- cle with the discharged battery. 9 Attach the cable at least 18 inches (45 cm) away from the discharged bat- tery, but not near engine parts that move. To avoid an arc which could deto- nate the hydrogen gas around the bat- tery, the final connection must be at least 18” from the battery. 10 Start the vehicle with the good battery and run the engine for a while. 11 Try to start the vehicle with the dis- charged battery. If it does not start after a few tries, it probably needs service. 12 Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take care that they do not touch each other or any other metal. Charging the battery/Jump starting To avoid damaging the car’s electrical system and electronics, the following rules must be followed when charging the battery or jump starting the car. If the charger or starter unit can be set to different voltages (6V/12V/18V/24V), 12V must be selected. (cid:127) Follow the manufacturer’s instructions supplied with the charger or starter unit. (cid:127) Nothing that is plugged into an electrical outlet should be connected to the car during charging or jump starting. (cid:127) The charger or starter unit must under no conditions produce a voltage greater than: (cid:127) 16V continuous (cid:127) 18V for 60 min. If you are unsure about the charge rating of the unit, disconnect the battery clamp from the positive terminal before connect- ing the unit to the battery. (cid:127) (cid:127) 95usM06.book Page 191 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Car care and technical information 191 Car care and technical information Hood ________________ Engine compartment __ Emission control systems ____________ Engine ______________ Engine oil ____________ Transmission fluid ____ Coolant______________ Brake and clutch fluid__ Power steering fluid ___ Air filter _____________ Battery ______________ Drive belts ___________ Wipers and washers ___ Changing bulbs _______ Fuses _______________ 192 193 194 196 196 198 198 199 201 201 202 204 205 207 219 Tires ________________ Compact spare tire ____ Safety belts __________ Upholstery and trim ___ Textile carpeting ______ Washing the car ______ Waxing and polishing__ Engine compartment __ Touching up the paint _ Air conditioning (ACC) _ Anti-corrosion treatment For long trips_________ Recovery and/or recycling of automotive materials ___________ Headlight aiming ______ 225 237 242 243 243 244 245 245 245 246 248 249 250 250 Asterisk means: equipment not fitted in all cars (can depend on model variant, engine variant, market specification, options or accessories). 95usM06.book Page 192 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Car care and technical information 192 Hood The hood release handle is located under- neath the instrument panel. To open the hood: 1 Pull the release handle. 2 The front of the hood will now spring up, providing access to the secondary safety catch. Hood release handle Hood secondary safety catch 3 Push the catch upwards, pushing the hood downward a little bit at the same time. The hood can now be lifted right up. To close the hood, release it from a height of about 8 - 16 in (20-40 cm). Do not press down on it. WARNING Never hold your fingers between the hood and safety catch if lowering but not clos- ing the hood. Check that the hood is now closed securely. 95usM06.book Page 193 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Engine compartment Car care and technical information 193 Engine compartment 1 Engine-oil dipstick/filler cap 2 Reservoir, brake/clutch fluid 3 Fuse box 4 Expansion tank, coolant 5 Washer-fluid filler cap 6 Battery 7 Turbo unit 8 Ignition discharge module 9 Reservoir, power-steering fluid 95usM06.book Page 194 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM 194 Car care and technical information Engine families Saab cars imported into the United States and Canada meet all applicable emission control standards. The engine family and appropriate tune-up specifications are iden- tified on a label affixed to the left front inner fender. These engine families meet applicable EPA Federal Standards, California State Stan- dards and Canadian Federal Standards and are equipped with the following systems: (cid:127) Sequential multiport fuel injection system (cid:127) Three way catalytic converter (cid:127) Crankcase emissions control system (cid:127) Evaporative emission control system (cid:127) On-Board diagnostic (OBD II) system. Emission control systems The systems for controlling emissions to the atmosphere require regular checking and adjustment at the intervals specified in the service program. In addition to meeting the exhaust emission regulations and thereby helping to keep the environment clean, a correctly tuned engine will also give maximum fuel economy. WARNING Engine exhaust, some of its constituents, and certain vehicle components contain or emit chemicals known to the State of CA to cause cancer and birth defects and reproductive harm. In addition, certain fluids contained in vehicles and certain products of component wear contain or emit chemicals known to the State of Cal- ifornia to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. 95usM06.book Page 195 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Saab Trionic engine management system The Saab Trionic engine management system is a unique Saab development that combines sequential multiport fuel injection, electronic distributorless ignition and turbo- charger boost pressure control into one sys- tem. The Trionic engine control module (ECM) monitors many different engine parameters such as: Intake manifold pressure Intake air temperature (cid:127) Crankshaft position (cid:127) Engine coolant temperature (cid:127) Throttle position and (cid:127) The oxygen content of the exhaust gases. The ECM receives information regarding engine knocking from a sophisticated feed- back function in the ignition discharge unit. By processing all of this information, the Tri- onic system can control fuel injector open- ing duration, ignition timing and turbo- charger boost pressure to provide excellent engine performance while maintaining low emissions and fuel consumption. Car care and technical information 195 NOTICE The Trionic engine management system continuously monitors the operation of these systems and has on-board diag- nostic capabilities (OBD II). If the ”Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE)” lamp in the main instru- ment illuminates, this indicates that the Trionic ECM has detected a problem. The car will continue to operate, but perfor- mance may be diminished. You should have your car checked by a Saab dealer as soon as possible. ORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) Hydrocarbon vapors formed when refueling will be recovered by the car and not released into the atmosphere. The hydro- carbons are absorbed in a evaporative emission canister. When the engine is sub- sequently started, the evaporative emission canister is gradually purged as air is sucked into it through a shut-off valve. The hydro- carbon/air mixture passes through the evap canister purge valve and into the engine where it is burned. When refueling, make sure you screw the filler cap on and keep turning until it has clicked at least 3 times. Otherwise, it is pos- sible for the CHECK ENGINE light to illumi- nate. Refueling, see page 148. (cid:127) (cid:127) 95usM06.book Page 196 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Car care and technical information 196 Engine The 2.3-liter model is a transverse, 4-cylin- der in-line engine with twin overhead cam- shafts and 4 valves per cylinder. This engine is equipped with balance shafts that reduce engine vibration to a minimum. The balance shafts are chain driven and rotate at twice the speed of the crankshaft. They produce forces and torques that are opposed to those generated by the pistons and connecting rods, an effect that occurs twice for each revolution of the engine. Engine noise is also reduced as the counter-rotating shafts counteract the vibra- tion from the moving parts of the engine. The transmission, located on the right (viewed from the front), is integrated with the engine. All models have front-wheel drive. When necessary, add oil of the recom- mended grade via the dipstick tube. Recommended oil grade, see page 263. NOTICE (cid:127) Do not operate the engine with a low oil level. (cid:127) Change engine oil and oil filter as pre- scribed in the service programme. (cid:127) Only use the recommended oil type. Follow the three points listed above to avoid severe engine damage. More frequent oil changes are recom- mended if your vehicle is operated under certain conditions, see page 254. Balance shafts Engine oil Checking the oil level Check the engine-oil level regularly. This should be done after the engine has been run to normal temperature and then allowed to cool for 2–5 minutes, with the car stand- ing on level ground. Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean before checking the level. The oil level must not be allowed to drop below the MIN mark on the dipstick, nor should oil be filled beyond the MAX mark, as this can lead to excessive oil consumption. The distance between the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corresponds to a volume of approximately 1.05 qts (1 liter). 95usM06.book Page 197 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Car care and technical information 197 The engine oil must be changed in accor- dance with the service program, see page 254. Oil volume and grade, see page 263. Oil changing should be carried out on a warm engine. 1 Unscrew the drain plug in the bottom of the sump and leave the oil to drain into an oil tray or other suitable receptacle for at least ten minutes. Take care, as the oil may be hot. 2 After the oil has been drained, unscrew and remove the oil filter. 3 Fit a new filter and tighten it by hand. 4 Refit the drain plug with a new washer. 5 Fill with new engine oil. Run the engine to normal temperature and check the oil level. Change of engine oil and oil filter may be required more frequently, see page 254. Changing engine oil WARNING (cid:127) Prolonged and repeated exposure of the skin to engine oil can cause seri- ous skin disorders. Avoid prolonged skin contact whenever possible. (cid:127) Used engine oil contains chemicals that have caused cancer in laboratory animals. Always protect your skin by washing thoroughly with soap and water. (cid:127) Keep oil out of reach of children. (cid:127) Do not touch the turbocharger or exhaust manifold. These get very hot when the engine has been running. (cid:127) Do not spill oil on hot parts of the engine as this could cause a fire. Used engine oil is particularly flammable. (cid:127) Protect the environment. Do not dis- pose of oil in the ground or down a drain. Dispose of all used oil and oil fil- ters at an appropriate disposal facility. Engine-oil filler cap and dipstick Drain plug and oil filter 95usM06.book Page 198 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM Car care and technical information 198 Transmission fluid Manual transmission Check and top up the fluid in accordance with the service program. Automatic transmission Check and top up the fluid in accordance with the service program. Coolant WARNING (cid:127) Proceed with caution if the radiator is boiling when you open the hood. Never remove the expansion-tank filler cap when the radiator is boiling. (cid:127) The cooling system is pressurized – hot coolant and vapor can escape when the filler cap is released. These can cause injury to your eyes and burns. Loosen the cap carefully, and let the engine cool before removing the cap. (cid:127) Exercise care when adding . # on hot surfaces constitutes a fire risk. The expansion tank is transparent to facili- tate checking of the coolant level. When the engine is cold, the coolant must not lie over the KALT/COLD mark on the expansion tank. Coolant expansion tank If the message ”Coolant level low. Refill.” is displayed on the SID, check the level of fluid in the expansion tank. Top up, as necessary, with equal parts of clean water and Saab-approved coolant. If the expansion tank is empty when coolant is added, run the engine to normal temper- ature and top up again, as necessary. 95usM06.book Page 199 Thursday, November 17, 2005 8:59 AM NOTICE Car care and technical information 199 Brake and clutch fluid Always mix the antifreeze with the appropriate volume of water before adding it to the cooling system. If pure antifreeze is added, the engine could still freeze and be damaged. This is

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2006 Saab 9 5 Owners Manual