2004 Saab 9 5 Owners Manual

Attach the safety chains to the holes as illustrated.

Starting and driving

183

Driving with a roof rack load

WARNING

(cid:127) A roof load will affect the car’s center

of gravity and aerodynamics. Be aware of this when cornering and driv- ing in crosswinds.

(cid:127) Suit your speed to the prevailing con-

ditions.

(cid:127) Due to higher aerodynamic drag, fuel economy may suffer when driving with a roof rack.

The maximum permissible roof load is 220 lbs. (100 kg). Note that the roof load is included in the car’s maximum permissible load (see page 270). Strong, sturdy roof carriers designed spe- cially for the car are available from your Saab dealer. Always secure the roof load safely.

Fitting the roof carriers (accessory) 9-5 Sedan The carrier feet are marked with a top view of the car and arrow indicating their posi- tions. 1 Slip the plastic cover onto the adjustable foot of the carrier (foot with knob for tight- ening) to protect the paintwork during assembly.

2 Open all the doors.

Fold back the rubber strip and find the fixing holes.

3 Start on the left-hand side of the car.

Rest the carrier carefully across the roof, with the rigid foot towards you. Hold the foot clear of the roof to avoid damaging the paintwork. Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins on the foot into the fixing holes. Make sure that the rubber strip comes inside the plastic cover on the carrier. Repeat the procedure with the other car- rier.

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Starting and driving

4 Close the doors on the left-hand side of the car gently, to hold the carrier feet in place.

5 Now go around to the other side of the car and remove the plastic cover from the carrier’s adjustable foot. Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins on the foot into the fixing holes. Do the same with the other carrier and close the doors gently.

6 Tighten each carrier by turning the knob

clockwise (by hand). Tighten just enough to bring the foot up against the edges of the fixing holes.

Remove the carriers when not in use, as they increase fuel consumption. The instructions that accompany the carri- ers also include advice on driving with a roof load – we strongly recommend that you read them carefully.

Fitting the roof carriers (accessory) 9-5 Wagon 1 Clean the car’s roof rails. 2 Check the markings on the cross mem- bers to see which is the front and which is the rear roof carrier.

3 Place the cross members on the roof rails, on their respective sides of the center supports. The cross members must not be placed beyond the front or rear joint on the rail. Ensure that the dis- tance between the cross members is at least 28 inches (700 mm). If a roof box is to be fitted, the cross members must be positioned so that the tailgate can be opened fully without hit- ting the roof box.

4 Using your thumb, press the bracket so that it lies snugly against the outside of the roof rail. Make sure that the roof car- riers are seated centrally on the rubber spacers and that these sit correctly on the roof rail. Pull the spacers down slightly on the inside of the roof rail.

5 Center the roof carriers so that they pro-

trude equally on both sides.

6 Tighten the roof carriers by hand.

Ensure that the tightening knobs are upright once the roof carriers have been tightened.

7 Make sure the roof carriers are securely

in place.

Driving at night Bear in mind the following points when driving at night: (cid:127) Nighttime driving requires your full con-

centration.

185

Starting and driving Driving with a load The driving characteristics of the car are affected by the way it is loaded. (cid:127) Place heavy loads as far forward and as

low as possible in the trunk.

(cid:127) Do not rush. Count on your journey taking

slightly longer.

(cid:127) Secure the load to the tie downs, see

page 137.

(cid:127) The number of drivers under the influence of drugs is likely to be greater at night than during the day.

(cid:127) The load should be such that the car´s

total weight or axle weight are not exceeded, see page 270.

(cid:127) Do not stare at the headlights of oncom-

ing vehicles.

(cid:127) Avoid driving at night if you have poor eye- sight. Night vision deteriorates with age. (cid:127) Keep your car's headlights, windows and mirrors clean. Also, if you wear glasses, make sure they are clean.

(cid:127) Make sure you are well rested before

starting a long journey. Take a break every other hour.

(cid:127) Only eat light meals. Heavy meals have a

tendency to induce tiredness.

(cid:127) Heavy loads mean that the car’s center of gravity is further back. As a result, the car will sway more during evasive steering.

(cid:127) Never exceed the permissible load in the roof box, even if there is room for more. (cid:127) Ensure that the tire pressure is correct – slight overinflation is preferable to under- inflation.

(cid:127) The braking distance of a loaded car is

always greater. Keep your distance from the vehicle in front.

(cid:127) Roof loads can negatively affect tele-

communication.

Tire pressure, see page 280 and back cover.

186

Starting and driving

Tires

WARNING

Check the tire pressure at least once a month and before long journeys. Under- inflation can result in: (cid:127) Punctures (cid:127) Separation of the tire and tread (cid:127) Damage to the sidewalls (cid:127) Damage to the rims on poor roads (cid:127) Poor handling characteristics (cid:127) Premature tire wear (cid:127) Increased fuel consumption.

The tire pressure should match the current load and speed of the car; see page 279 or the tire pressure label on page 280. The tire pressures given apply to cold tires, that is tires that are the same temperature as the outside air temperature. The tire pressure increases as the tires become warm (e.g. during highway driving) with approximately 0.3 bar (4 psi). When the temperature of the tires changes by 50° (10°C), the tire pressure will change 0.1 bar (2 psi).

Never reduce the pressure of a hot tire. If the tires are hot when you check them, only increase the pressure, if necessary. Underinflated tires wear more quickly than slightly overinflated tires. If a valve is leaking, simply unscrew it and fit a new one. Important! Remember to adjust the tire pressures if you change the load in the car or intend to drive at substantially lower or higher speeds than normal.

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187

Driving considerations with compact spare wheel/tire fitted

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h) as the tire can overheat and adversely affect the handling of the car.

(cid:127) Tire pressure: refer to page 279. (cid:127) The spare wheel or punctured tire

must be stowed under the trunk floor, and secured in place with the retaining nut.

The following should be observed when the compact spare wheel (T115/70 R16) is fitted: (cid:127) The compact spare is light and easy to

handle when changing the wheel.

(cid:127) Do not drive further than necessary with the compact spare fitted – the maximum life of the wheel is only just over 2000 miles (3,500 km).

(cid:127) Refit the standard tire as soon as possi-

ble.

Important considerations when driving with a compact spare tire: (cid:127) The car’s ground clearance is reduced. (cid:127) The car must not be driven with more than

one compact tire at a time. (cid:127) Avoid driving against a curb. (cid:127) Do not use snow chains. (cid:127) Do not fit the wheel cover - this would con-

ceal the warning text.

NOTICE

To avoid damaging a punctured alloy wheel it can be placed outside up in the spare-wheel well but only while driving to the closest workshop. A general rule is that all heavy loads must be well secured in the luggage compart- ment, see page 137 and 140.

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188
Driving with the trunk lid/tailgate open Avoid driving with the trunk lid/tailgate partly or fully open, since exhaust fumes can be drawn into the cabin. If you must drive with the trunk lid/tailgate open, all windows and the sunroof (if fitted) must be closed and the cabin fan on at its highest speed setting.

Driving in deep water

Towing the car

NOTICE

Do not drive in water deeper than 12 inches (30 cm) and do not drive faster than 3–4 mph. Water can otherwise be sucked into the engine. The engine will be seriously damaged if water enters the intake system.

WARNING

(cid:127) Remember that the brake servo does

not operate when the engine is off. Much greater pressure than normal will therefore be required to operate the brake pedal.

(cid:127) Nor does the steering servo operate when the engine is off. The steering will therefore be much heavier than usual.

(cid:127) The towing vehicle should always be

heavier than the vehicle on tow.

(cid:127) Never allow passengers to ride in the

car being towed.

(cid:127) Always seek professional help if the

car needs to be towed.

Front towing eye

WARNING

(cid:127) Make sure that the towing eye at the

front is screwed in tightly.

(cid:127) The towing eye is only designed for

use when the car is being towed on the road. It must not be used to pull the car out of a ditch, for example.

(cid:127) Make sure that all bystanders keep a suitable distance, in case the towing eye or tow rope should break. The towing eye or tow rope could catapult off and cause seriously injury.

NOTICE

(cid:127) Do not drive the car with the front

towing eye in position. If it catches the curb, for example, the engine sub- frame could be damaged.

(cid:127) Refit the plastic plug in the hole when the towing eye has been removed, to keep dirt and moisture out of the threads.

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189

Front towing eye

Rear towing eye

The front towing eye is stored with the spare wheel. The attachment point (tapped hole) for the towing eye is midway along the engine sub- frame at the front of the car. Remove the plastic plug and screw in the towing eye securely. To ensure that the towing eye is in far enough, insert the handle of the wheel wrench through the eye for additional lever- age.

Rear towing eye The car has a permanently mounted towing eye at the back. If the car is equipped with a trailer hitch, this can be used instead of the towing eye.

Transporting the car

NOTICE

If a car with a sport (lowered) chassis is transported, for example on a flat bed truck, take extra care not to damage the spoiler and/or underbody.

190

Starting and driving

Towing the car

NOTICE

(cid:127) Never use the towing eyes to pull the

car unstuck.

Gear lever in neutral (in cars with automatic transmission: selector lever at N (neutral)) Turn on the parking lights. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles being towed. Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake, as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked violently. The local regulations on towing speeds must be followed. The highest permissible towing speed is 30 mph (50 km/h), unless the legal limit is lower. The longest permissible towing dis- tance is 30 miles (50 km). If the car has to be transported farther than that, summon a tow truck. A flat bed tow truck is the pre- ferred method to tow. Failure to follow these guidelines can result in damage.

Never use the towing eyes to pull the car unstuck

Cars with automatic transmission

NOTICE

(cid:127) The car must be towed front first. (cid:127) If the car is to be towed with the front wheels off the ground, make sure the parking brake is off, as this acts on the rear wheels.

The car cannot be bump started. In an emergency, it is possible to start the engine using jump leads (see the section, ”Jump starting” on page 191).

Jump starting

WARNING

(cid:127) When working on the battery, highly explosive gas can build up. A spark could ignite this gas that collects around the battery. Therefore, always avoid sparks and open flames in the vicinity of the bat- tery.

(cid:127) The battery contains corrosive sulfuric acid. Always wear a face mask or gog- gles when working on the battery. (cid:127) If battery acid gets into the eyes or

splashes onto skin or clothing, wash the affected area liberally with water. If acid gets into the eyes or a large quantity makes contact with the skin, seek medical help.

(cid:127) Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds. Wash your hands after handling.

If your battery has run down, you may want to use another vehicle and some jumper cables to start your Saab. Follow the steps below to do it safely.

–

–

NOTICE

Ignoring these steps could result in costly damage to your vehicle that would not be covered by your warranty. Trying to start your car by pushing or pull- ing it could damage your vehicle, even if you have a manual transmission. If you have an automatic transmission, your vehicle cannot be started by pushing or pulling it.

Starting and driving

191

To jump start your vehicle: 1 Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.

NOTICE

If the other system is not a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged.

2 Get the vehicles close enough so the

jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles are not touching each other. If a poor connection on the negative jumper cable should exist, it is possible for damage to be caused to electrical sys- tems/components of either vehicle should inadvertent contact be made. You would not be able to start your car and bad grounding could damage elec- trical systems.

WARNING

You could be injured if the vehicles roll. Set the parking brake firmly on each vehi- cle. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in Neu- tral.

3 Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Turn off all lights that are not needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and

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Starting and driving

help save both batteries and it could save your radio.

NOTICE

If you leave your radio on, it could be badly damaged. The repairs would not be covered by your warranty.

4 Open the hood and locate the battery. Find the positive (+) and negative (–) termi- nals on the battery.

WARNING

An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

WARNING

Using a match or flame of any kind near a battery can cause battery gas to explode. You can suffer burns or be blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light.

Be sure the battery has enough water. The battery installed in your new Saab has filler caps. Be sure the right amount of water is there. Add distilled or boiled water if the level is too low. If you don’t, explosive gas could be present.

Be sure the electrolyte in the battery is not frozen. Discharged batteries will freeze. When connecting jumper cables to a frozen battery, gas from the chemical reaction inside the battery can build up under the ice and cause an explosion.

Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Do not get it on you. If you acciden- tally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the area with water and get medical help immediately.

5 Check that the jumper cables do not

have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock and also the vehicles could be damaged. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (–) will go to a major metal engine part with a good ground. Do not connect (+) to (–) or you will get a short that could injure you or would damage the battery and maybe other parts as well.

6 Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal of the vehicle with the discharged battery.

7 Do not let the other end touch metal.

Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one.

8 Now connect the black negative (–)

cable to the good battery’s negative ter- minal.

WARNING

Do not let the other end touch anything until the next step. The other end of the negative cable does not go to the dead battery. It goes to a major metal part with a good ground on the engine of the vehi- cle with the discharged battery.

9 Attach the cable at least 18 inches

(45 cm) away from the discharged bat- tery, but not near engine parts that move. To avoid an arc which could deto- nate the hydrogen gas around the bat- tery, the final connection must be at least 18” from the battery.

10 Start the vehicle with the good battery

and run the engine for a while.

11 Try to start the vehicle with the dis-

charged battery. If it does not start after a few tries, it probably needs service.

12 Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take care that they do not touch each other or any other metal.

Starting and driving

193

Charging the battery/Jump starting To avoid damaging the car’s electrical system and electronics, the following rules must be followed when charging the battery or jump starting the car.

If the charger or starter unit can be set to different voltages (6V/12V/18V/24V), 12V must be selected.

(cid:127) Follow the manufacturer’s instructions

supplied with the charger or starter unit. (cid:127) No other apparatus that are grounded or

connected to the mains must be connected to the car during charging or jump starting.

(cid:127) The charger or starter unit must under no

conditions produce a voltage greater than: (cid:127) 16V continuous (cid:127) 18V for 60 min. If you are unsure about the charge rating of the unit, disconnect the battery clamp from the positive terminal before connect- ing the unit to the battery.

(cid:127) (cid:127) Starting and driving

194
Saab Parking Assistance (Option)

WARNING

Responsibility always lies with the driver when reversing. (cid:127) Saab Parking Assistance can facilitate reversing at low speeds, such as when reverse parking.

(cid:127) Bear in mind that small and/or narrow objects cannot always be detected by the system.

The parking aid system facilitates parking and reversing. There are four sensors in the rear bumper that detect objects up to 6 feet (1.8 metres) behind the car.

Area monitored by the sensors seen from the side

Area monitored by the sensors seen from above

The system uses four sensors in the rear bumper. These emit ultrasound signals that bounce back to the sensors off any objects behind the car. The system, however, cannot always detect small or narrow objects or objects that do not reflect ultra- sound back towards the car, such as pipes, or the corner of a house or rectangular post.

The system is activated automatically when reverse is engaged or selected. When the sensors detect an object within the moni- tored area, the SID will display the text "PARK ASSIST" and pulses of sound (- - - - -) will be heard. The frequency of the pulses increases as the car comes closer to the object. When the distance to the object is less than 12 in. (30 cm), a continuous tone will be heard.

Starting and driving

195

NOTICE

Reverse slowly so that you have time to stop the car when the continuous tone is heard at approx. 12 in. (30 cm).

When an object is approximately 3 feet (90 cm) from the car, the sound pulses change character markedly. A distance of about 3 feet (90 cm) is suitable if you wish to load or unload the luggage compartment. If the distance between an object and the corner sensors does not change for three seconds, e.g. if you are reversing alongside a wall, the system will switch to monitoring straight back. The system indicates if the distance to the wall decreases again. The system can be disengaged for when driving with a trailer. Press and hold the CLEAR button on the SID when the display shows "PARK ASSIST", until the display shows "PARK ASSIST OFF". The system is re-engaged in the same way. The system is also always activated when the ignition key is turned to ON.

Pressing a SID button briefly will not disen- gage the system, the display will simply show the previously selected function.

NOTICE

To function well, the sensors must be kept clean. Ice snow and dirt can affect their sensitivity. Do not spray the sensors or closer than 8 in. (20 cm) to the sensors with a pres- sure washer, as this could damage them.

Ice, snow and dirt can affect the sensitivity of the sensors. In such cases a continuous tone will sound warning the driver that the system cannot measure the distance to an object. You can turn the system off by press- ing and holding the CLEAR button for 1.5 seconds. If the text "PARK ASSIST FAILURE" is dis- played on the SID, have the system checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

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196
Parking brake

WARNING

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake when

you park the car.

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake before removing the ignition key.

(cid:127) Do not use the parking brake while

driving.

The parking brake is situated between the front seats and acts on the rear wheels. When the parking brake is on, the indicator

light on the main instrument panel will be on. To release the parking brake, lift the lever slightly, press the release button and release the lever by pushing down on it.

Parking

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not leave children or pets unat- tended in the car. In warm, sunny weather, the temperature inside the car can reach 160–180°F (70–80°C). (cid:127) Park where the vehicle will not create

an obstruction or a hazard to other road users.

(cid:127) Do not park on dry grass or other com-

bustible material. The catalytic con- verter gets very hot and could start a fire.

(cid:127) Apply the parking brake. (cid:127) Shift to Reverse for manual transmis- sion (automatic transmission: move selector lever to P (Park)), and remove the ignition key. Lock the car.

NOTICE

Empty the car yourself and bear in mind: (cid:127) Never leave a mobile phone, camera, computer or similar object visible in your car.

(cid:127) Clothing, packages and bags attract

thieves.

(cid:127) Do not leave small objects such as CDs, sunglasses and coins visible.

(cid:127) If possible, park in a well-lit, conspicuous parking space.

(cid:127) Thieves strike whenever and wher- ever they are given the opportunity.

Parking on a hill When parking on a steep hill, turn the front wheels so that they will be blocked by the curb if the car should move. Long-term parking If the car is not going to be used for some time, e.g. 3–4 months, the following steps are recommended: (cid:127) Run the engine to normal temperature

before long-term parking.

(cid:127) Drain the washer-fluid reservoir and

hoses.

(cid:127) Wash and wax the car. Clean the rubber seals on the hood, luggage compartment lid and doors, and lubricate them with glycerol (glycerin).

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197

1 Pointing downhill and

against the curb – Turn the wheels into the curb and edge the car forward until the wheels touch the curb.

2 Pointing uphill and

against the curb – Turn the wheels away from the curb and edge the car back until the wheels touch the curb.

3 Pointing uphill or downhill – no curb – Turn the wheels towards the edge of the road. If the car should start rolling, it will not run into the road.

(cid:127) After washing the car, dry the brake discs

by taking the car out on the road and applying the brakes a few times.

(cid:127) Fill the fuel tank with fuel to prevent con-

densation forming in it.

(cid:127) Top up the coolant and check the anti-

freeze before the onset of winter. (cid:127) Park the car in a dry, covered and

well-ventilated building. Leave the park- ing brake OFF!

(cid:127) Disconnect the negative (–) battery lead.

If frost is likely to occur during the

long-term parking, remove the battery and store it away from the frost. Ideally, the car should be put up on blocks, with the wheels off the ground. If this is not possible, inflate the tires to about 43 psi (300 kPa).

(cid:127) Leave all the windows open a crack and

cover the car with a fabric tarpaulin – not one made of plastic.

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Starting and driving

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Car care and technical information

199

Car care and technical information

Hood ________________ 200 Engine compartment___ 201 Emission control systems 202 Engine_______________ 203 Engine oil ____________ 204 Transmission fluid_____ 206 Coolant ______________ 207 Brake and clutch fluid __ 208 Power steering fluid ___ 209 Air filter______________ 209 Battery ______________ 210 Drive belts ___________ 212 Wipers and washers ___ 213

Changing bulbs _______ 215 Fuses _______________ 227 Tires ________________ 233 Compact spare tire ____ 246 Air conditioning (ACC) _ 252 Safety belts __________ 253 Upholstery and trim ___ 253 Textile carpeting ______ 253 Washing the car ______ 254 Waxing and polishing __ 255 Engine compartment __ 255 Touching up the paint__ 255 Anti-corrosion treatment 256

For long trips_________ 258 Recovery and/or recycling of automotive materials 258 Headlight aiming ______ 259

Car care and technical information

200
Hood The hood release handle is located under- neath the instrument panel. To open the hood: 1 Pull the release handle. 2 The front of the hood will now spring up,

providing access to the secondary safety catch.

Hood release handle

Hood secondary safety catch

3 Push the catch upwards, lifting the hood at the same time. The hood can now be lifted right up.

To close the hood, release it from a height of about 8 in (20 cm). Do not press down on it.

WARNING

Never hold your fingers between the hood and safety catch if lowering but not clos- ing the hood.

In cold weather, when the mechanism is stiff, the hood might need to be released from twice the height to lock properly. Check that the hood is now closed securely.

Engine compartment

Car care and technical information

201

Engine compartment 1 Engine-oil dipstick/filler cap 2 Reservoir, brake/clutch fluid 3 Fuse box 4 Expansion tank, coolant 5 Washer-fluid filler cap 6 Battery 7 Dipstick, automatic transmission fluid 8 Turbo unit 9 Ignition discharge module

10 Reservoir, power-steering fluid

10

202

Car care and technical information

Engine families Saab cars imported into the United States and Canada meet all applicable emission control standards. The engine family and appropriate tune-up specifications are iden- tified on a label affixed to the left front inner fender. These engine families meet applicable EPA Federal Standards, California State Stan- dards and Canadian Federal Standards and are equipped with the following systems: • Sequential multiport fuel injection sys-

tem.

(cid:127) Three way catalytic converter. (cid:127) Crankcase emissions control system. (cid:127) Evaporative emission control system. (cid:127) On-Board diagnostic (OBD II) system.

Emission control systems The systems for controlling emissions to the atmosphere require regular checking and adjustment at the intervals specified in the service program. In addition to meeting the exhaust emission regulations and thereby helping to keep the environment clean, a correctly tuned engine will also give maximum fuel economy.

WARNING

Engine exhaust, some of its constituents, and certain vehicle components contain or emit chemicals known to the State of CA to cause cancer and birth defects and reproductive harm. In addition, certain fluids contained in vehicles and certain products of component wear contain or emit chemicals known to the State of Cali- fornia to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.

Saab Trionic engine management system The Saab Trionic engine management system is a unique Saab development that combines sequential multiport fuel injection, electronic distributorless ignition and turbo- charger boost pressure control into one sys- tem.

The Trionic engine control module (ECM) monitors many different engine parameters such as:

Intake manifold pressure. Intake air temperature.

(cid:127) Crankshaft position. (cid:127) Engine coolant temperature. (cid:127) Throttle position and (cid:127) The oxygen content of the exhaust gases. The ECM receives information regarding engine knocking from a sophisticated feed- back function in the ignition discharge unit. By processing all of this information, the Tri- onic system can control fuel injector open- ing duration, ignition timing and turbo- charger boost pressure to provide excellent engine performance while maintaining low emissions and fuel consumption.

NOTICE

The Trionic engine management systems continuously monitors the operation of these systems and have on-board diag- nostic capabilities (OBD II). If the ”Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE)” lamp in the main instru- ment illuminates, this indicates that the Trionic ECM has detected a problem. The car will continue to operate, but perfor- mance may be diminished. You should have your car checked by a Saab dealer as soon as possible.

(cid:127) (cid:127) Car care and technical information

203

The transmission, located on the right (viewed from the front), is integrated with the engine. All models have front-wheel drive.

ORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) Hydrocarbon vapors formed when refueling will be recovered by the car and not released into the atmosphere. The hydro- carbons are absorbed in a evaporative emission canister. When the engine is sub- sequently started, the evaporative emission canister is gradually purged as air is sucked into it through a shut-off valve. The hydro- carbon/air mixture passes through the evap canister purge valve and into the engine where it is burned. When refueling, make sure you screw the filler cap on and keep turning until it has clicked at least 3 times. Otherwise, it is pos- sible for the CHECK ENGINE light to illumi- nate and a ”Tighten fuel filler cap.” message to appear on SID. Refueling, see page 154.

Engine The 2.3-liter model is a transverse, 4-cylin- der in-line engine with twin overhead cam- shafts and 4 valves per cylinder. This engine is equipped with balance shafts that reduce engine vibration to a minimum. The balance shafts are chain driven and rotate at twice the speed of the crankshaft. They produce forces and torques that are opposed to those generated by the pistons and connecting rods, an effect that occurs twice for each revolution of the engine. Engine noise is also reduced as the counter-rotating shafts counteract the vibra- tion from the moving parts of the engine.

Balance shafts

Car care and technical information

204
Engine oil Checking the oil level Check the engine-oil level regularly. This should be done after the engine has been run to normal temperature and then allowed to cool for 2–5 minutes, with the car stand- ing on level ground. Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean before checking the level. The oil level must not be allowed to drop below the MIN mark on the dipstick, nor should oil be filled beyond the MAX mark, as this can lead to excessive oil consumption. The distance between the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corresponds to a volume of approximately 1.05 qts (1 liter). When necessary, add oil of the recom- mended grade via the dipstick tube.

Engine-oil filler cap and dipstick

Changing engine oil

WARNING

(cid:127) Prolonged and repeated exposure of the skin to engine oil can cause seri- ous skin disorders. Avoid prolonged skin contact whenever possible.

(cid:127) Used engine oil contains chemicals

that have caused cancer in laboratory animals. Always protect your skin by washing thoroughly with soap and water.

(cid:127) Keep oil out of reach of children.

(cid:127) Do not touch the turbocharger or

exhaust manifold. These get very hot when the engine has been running.

(cid:127) Do not spill oil on hot parts of the

engine as this could cause a fire. Used engine oil is particularly flammable.

(cid:127) Protect the environment. Do not dis- pose of oil in the ground or down a drain. Dispose of all used oil and oil fil- ters at an appropriate disposal facility.

Car care and technical information

205

Change of engine oil and oil filter may be required more frequently, see page 264.

Drain plug and oil filter

The engine oil must be changed in accor- dance with the service program, see page 264. Oil volume and grade, see page 273. Oil changing should be carried out on a warm engine. 1 Unscrew the drain plug in the bottom of the sump and leave the oil to drain into an oil tray or other suitable receptacle for at least ten minutes. Take care, as the oil may be hot.

2 After the oil has been drained, unscrew

and remove the oil filter.

3 Fit a new filter and tighten it by hand. 4 Refit the drain plug with a new washer. 5 Fill with new engine oil. Run the engine to normal temperature and check the oil level.

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206
Transmission fluid Manual transmission Check and top up the fluid in accordance with the service program. If original fluid cannot be obtained for top- ping up (see page 276), automatic trans- mission fluid Dexron III (synthetic oil) can be used. If so, the car should be taken to an authorized Saab dealer immediately to have the reason for low fluid level corrected and original fluid installed. Automatic transmission Check the fluid level as follows: 1 Stand the car on level ground and apply the parking brake. The automatic trans- mission fluid must be at normal running temperature, approximately 175°F (80°C). This can be achieved by driving the car for about 30 min on the open road.

2 With the engine idling, move the selector

lever to D and wait for at least 15 seconds. Next, move the selector lever to R and wait for 15 seconds again. Finally, move the selector lever to P. Let the engine idle.

NOTICE

If there is a smell of burning fluid or the fluid is black, change the fluid.

If the outside temperature is below 50°F (10°C), the fluid will not reach the specified temperature of 175°F (80°C). In this case, the correct fluid level may be 0.8 in (20 mm) below the MAX mark.

Dipstick for automatic-transmission fluid

3 Wipe the dipstick clean with a lint-free

cloth and put it back.

4 With the fluid at normal temperature, the

level should be between the MAX and MIN marks on the dipstick. Top up, as necessary, with Saab 3309 automatic transmission fluid (mineral oil-based), adding it through the dipstick pipe. The distance between the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corresponds to a volume of approximately 0.4 qts (0.4 liter).

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Note: If incorrect coolant is used or added, the life-time properties will be affected. Even if the coolant is flushed from the system and replaced with life-time coolant, life-time properties are no longer retained and the coolant must then be drained and replaced at regular intervals.

NOTICE

Always mix the antifreeze with the appropriate volume of water before adding it to the cooling system. If pure antifreeze is added, the engine could still freeze and be damaged. This is because the antifreeze will not mix properly with the coolant before the thermostat has opened to allow full circulation.

Coolant

WARNING

(cid:127) Proceed with caution if the radiator is

boiling when you open the hood. Never remove the expansion-tank filler cap when the radiator is boiling.

(cid:127) The cooling system is pressurized – hot coolant and vapor can escape when the filler cap is released. These can cause injury to your eyes and burns. Loosen the cap carefully, and let the engine cool before removing the cap.

(cid:127) Exercise care when adding coolant.

Coolant on hot surfaces constitutes a fire risk.

The expansion tank is transparent to facili- tate checking of the coolant level. When the engine is cold, the coolant must not lie over the KALT/COLD mark on the expansion tank. If the message ”Coolant level low. Refill.” is displayed on the SID, check the level of fluid in the expansion tank. Top up, as necessary, with equal parts of clean water and Saab-approved coolant. If the expansion tank is empty when coolant is added, run the engine to normal temper- ature and top up again, as necessary.

Coolant expansion tank

Coolant The cooling system is charged at the factory with coolant containing a 45 % concentra- tion of a combined antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor. A weaker mixture will result in reduced anticorrosion protection. For pro- tection against freezing in very cold weather, a stronger concentration will be needed. A 60 % concentration of antifreeze will pro- vide protection at temperatures down to -58 F (–50°C). The coolant does not normally have to be changed during the service life of the car. The type of coolant used has a reddish color and should not be mixed with other types of coolant. Saab Original coolant should be used all year round. Only use coolant approved by Saab.

Brake pad wear indicators The outboard brake pads on the front wheels incorporate pad-wear indicators. When the lining is down to 0.11 in (3 mm), the pad will produce a screeching, squeal- ing or scraping noise when the brakes are applied. New pads should be fitted without delay. Brake pads should only be changed by an authorized Saab dealer. To ensure optimum brake performance, use only Saab original brake pads.

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208
Brake and clutch fluid

WARNING

Brake fluid deteriorates as it becomes old. Because it is hygroscopic, it absorbs water from the air and, in time, could allow vapor to form in the brake system, thus reducing its performance. It is therefore important that brake fluid be changed reg- ularly, as specified in the service pro- gram.

Checking the fluid level The combined brake and clutch-fluid reser- voir is transparent to facilitate checking of the fluid level. The level should be between the MAX and MIN marks. Top up, as necessary, with DOT 4 fluid. Do not use DOT 5 brake fluid. Use only new brake fluid from a sealed con- tainer. Check that there are no leaks in the brake system. The brake fluid level will fall somewhat as the brake pads wear. The MAX level in the reservoir corresponds to the amount of brake fluid required with new brake pads. If the fall in fluid level is moderate, due to normal brake pad wear, topping up is not necessary. Changing of the brake fluid should be carried out by an authorized Saab dealer.

Brake and clutch-fluid reservoir

The vehicle´s regular braking system is adjusted automatically, but the parking brake has to be adjusted manually. This work, involving adjustment of the parking brake cables and brake pads, must only be carried out by an authorized Saab dealer. It is not possible to detect, through abnormal pedal or parking brake-lever travel, whether brake pads are worn and need replacing. It is therefore essential that brake pads be checked regularly, as specified in the ser- vice program.

NOTICE

Avoid spilling brake fluid onto paintwork, since it can cause the paint to bubble and lift. If any brake fluid is spilled, the area should be flushed with large quantities of water as quickly as possible.

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209

Air filter

WARNING

For Service and Repair, parts equivalent to those used by Saab should be used. Be aware that some non standard replacement parts may put you in an unsafe condition, even if they might fit.

Power steering fluid reservoir

Power steering fluid

WARNING

Do not fill the power steering fluid to above the MAX mark. Too much fluid can result in leakage. Power steering fluid on hot engine com- ponents constitutes a fire risk.

Check the level of the power steering fluid in the reservoir regularly, in accordance with the service program. The wheels should point forward during the check. Clean around the cap before it is unscrewed. Clean the dipstick. Screw in the cap completely again before checking the level. The oil should lie between the MAX and MIN marks when the oil temperature is about 70°F (+20°C). If the oil is colder the level can be lower, and in higher temperatures the level can be higher, both of which are acceptable. Top up with ”Power Steering Fluid CHF 11S”.

NOTICE

A discharged battery can freeze and frac- ture. Batteries should therefore always be stored away from frost.

If frequent short journeys are made, the bat- tery may need to be given a booster charge. This can be done either using a battery charger or by taking the car for a long run. A car with a standard equipment specifica- tion and a fully charged battery can be left for up to 40 days and still have a sufficient charge for starting. If extra equipment is fit- ted, such as a car phone, the charge may only be sufficient for about 15 days.

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210
Battery

WARNING

(cid:127) Work on the battery may entail an

explosion hazard, since the battery gives off hydrogen which forms an explosive mixture with the oxygen in the air. For this reason, always avoid sparks or open flames when working near the battery.

(cid:127) The battery contains corrosive sulfuric

acid. Always wear a face mask or goggles when working on the battery.

(cid:127) If battery acid gets into the eyes or

splashes the skin or clothing, wash the affected area liberally with water. If acid gets into the eyes or a large quantity makes contact with the skin, seek medical help.

(cid:127) Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds. Wash your hands after handling.

Electrolyte level indicator. Level correct if level indicator dark. Battery should be changed if indicator is light

The battery is provided with a cover to pro- tect it from radiated heat. If the battery is exposed to high temperatures, its life will be shortened. To remove the cover, release the two clips along its long sides. The cover fits the standard battery installed in the car. If a new battery is to be fitted, make sure that its dimensions are the same as the standard one. The battery is maintenance free and should be changed if the electrolyte level is too low. The indicator on the top side of the battery will be white if the battery needs replacing. The fluid level and the charge level should be checked regularly.

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211

To remove the battery, always disconnect the negative (black) lead first and reconnect it last when fitting the new battery. The battery size must comply with DIN 53735 MFI 230/2.16.

NOTICE

(cid:127) If boost charging never use anything but a 12-volt charger, see page 193. (cid:127) Never reverse the polarity of the bat- tery by connecting the leads to the wrong terminals. The red, positive lead connects to the positive (+) termi- nal, and the black, negative lead to the negative (–) terminal.

(cid:127) Serious damage can occur to the car´s electrical system if a battery or alterna- tor lead is disconnected while the engine is running.

(cid:127) The nut on the battery clamp should be tightened to a torque of 10 Nm.

Correct position for battery clamp

Battery

Charging/replacing the battery

NOTICE

To avert the danger of short-circuiting between the positive (+) terminal on the battery and the inlet manifold on the engine, always disconnect the negative (–) battery lead first and reconnect it last.

Connect the positive lead to the positive (+) battery terminal (red), and the negative lead to a good ground point, e.g. the lifting lug at the front of the engine.

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Drive belts

WARNING

(cid:127) Keep hands and clothing clear of drive

belts when engine is running. (cid:127) Always stop the engine before

inspecting drive belt.

(cid:127) The radiator fan is electric and can

start even when the engine is switched off.

NOTICE

Serious damage can be done to the car’s electrical system if an alternator lead is disconnected while the engine is running.

Routing of the drive belt

The alternator is situated on the right-hand side of the engine, adjacent to the bulkhead. It is driven via a Poly-V-belt from the crank- shaft pulley. The Poly-V-belt also drives the water pump, the A/C compressor and the steering servo pump. The belt tension is critical and is adjusted automatically by the belt tensioner. See also page 55, ”Warning, charging”.

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Wipers and washers Check and clean all wiper blades regularly. If poor wiper performance is experienced, clean the windshield with a quality glass cleaner. This is particularly important if the car has been through an automatic car wash, as these sometimes leave a wax coating on the windshield. If wiper performance is still unsatisfactory, fit new blades.

Changing the windshield wiper blades Lift the wiper arm off the windshield 1 Depress the catch. 2 Pull the complete blade assembly down to free it from the wiper arm, and then lift it off the arm.

Cleaning/adjusting the washer jets

Washer jets The washer jets can be adjusted and, if necessary, unclogged by means of a pin.

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Car care and technical information

Adjusting the washer jet on the rear window wiper, 9-5Wagon

Washer-fluid filler cap

The headlights have high-pressure washers (certain variants)

Use a small screwdriver to adjust the washer jet on the rear window wiper of the 9-5 Wagon, as illustrated.

Washers The washer-fluid reservoir holds 6.4 quarts (6 liters). When "Washer fluid level low. Refill." comes up on the SID, the reservoir is down to about 1 quart (1 liter) of fluid. Add at least 50 % of washer- fluid to water to pre- vent freezing and for effective cleaning.

WARNING

Take care not to spill washer fluid concentrate onto hot surfaces. Washer fluid concentrate contains flammable ingredients such as alcohol.

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Changing bulbs

NOTICE

WARNING

Before changing a bulb in the engine bay, switch off the engine to avoid danger of fingers and hands being injured by moving parts. The radiator fan can start up even when the engine is switched off. Xenon headlights are high voltage and must therefore be changed at an authorized Saab workshop. Work involving high-voltage components is potentially lethal.

NOTICE

(cid:127) Since the headlight lenses are made of plastic, rinse dried-on dirt with water and allow it time to soften up before cleaning the lenses. Avoid rubbing the lenses when dry and never use solvents.

(cid:127) Use de-icer spray instead of scraping the ice off.

Check that the new bulb is working when finished. Use only "Long Life" bulbs. Headlight aiming, see page 259.

(cid:127) Do not fit bulbs with a higher rating than 55 W, since the head- light reflector and the wiring of the car are not designed for a higher wattage.

(cid:127) Switch off the ignition before changing a bulb, to avoid possi-

ble short-circuiting.

(cid:127) Do not touch the glass of the bulbs with your fingers. The oil

on your skin can shorten the life of the bulb.

Xenon headlight (certain variants) Xenon headlights produce roughly twice as much light as halogen bulbs and have a significantly longer service life. The lamp units consist of a gas discharge lamp containing xenon. When the lights are switched on a very high voltage activates the xenon gas. The lamps soon reach full intensity. Cars with xenon headlights have automatic levelling. The levelling system comprises two sensors on the front axle, one on the rear axle and a control unit under the headlight housing. Headlight alignment is regulated automatically to prevent dazzling oncoming traffic. Alignment is also adjusted during braking.

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Car care and technical information

Make sure the cover is correctly fitted before locking it in place

Headlight bulb for high beam (Halogen) On cars equipped with Xenon lamps the Halogen lamps are used only for high beam flasher if the daytime running lights are deacti- vated and the headlight switch is in the off position (otherwise Xenon lamp is utilized): 1 Unscrew the cover from the back of the lamp unit. To improve

accessibility to the right-hand headlight, hold aside the induction air hose. To improve accessibility to the left-hand headlight, remove the battery cover. Release the two clips along the long sides of the cover.

2 Unplug the connector. 3 To remove the spring clip, push it in and then move it to the right. 4 Remove the bulb. 5 Without touching the glass with your fingers, insert the new bulb. 6 Line up the bulb with the guide in the reflector and secure it with the spring clip. Look through the headlight lens to help fit the bulb correctly.

7 Plug in the connector. 8 Screw on the cover. Make sure that the guide on the cover is

aligned with the recess in the lamp housing.

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Headlight bulb for low beam (Halogen) 1 Unscrew the cover from the back of the lamp unit. To improve

accessibility to the right-hand headlight, hold aside the induction air hose. To improve accessibility to the left-hand headlight, remove the battery cover. Release the two clips along the long sides of the cover.

2 Unplug the connector. 3 To remove the spring clip, push it in and then move it to the right. 4 Remove the bulb. 5 Without touching the glass with your fingers, insert the new bulb.

Look through the headlight lens to help fit the bulb correctly.

6 Line up the bulb with the guide in the reflector and secure it with

the spring clip.

7 Plug in the connector. 8 Screw on the cover. Make sure that the guide on the cover is

aligned with the recess in the lamp housing.

Make sure the cover is correctly fitted before locking it in place

Contact an authorized Saab workshop if a Xenon headlight requires replacement

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Car care and technical information

Parking-light bulb (cars with halogen low beam)

Parking-light bulb (cars with Bi-Xenon low beam)

Front fog lights

Parking-light bulb (cars with halo- gen low beam) The parking-light bulb is adjacent to the bulb for low beam. 1 Unscrew the cover from the back of the

lamp unit.

2 Withdraw the bulb holder. 3 Change the bulb.

Parking-light bulb (cars with Xenon low beam) The parking light bulb is adjacent to the Xenon lamp. 1 Unscrew the cover from the back of the

lamp unit.

2 Take hold of the lamp leads and pull out the bulb holder. The lamp leads are rein- forced to facilitate changing bulbs. 3 Change the bulb. Look through the

headlight lens to help fit the bulb cor- rectly.

Front fog lights (certain variants) 1 From under the front bumper, grip the bulb holder and twist counterclockwise.

2 Unplug the connector. 3 Change the bulb. Refit in the reverse order.

WARNING

(cid:127) Never crawl under a car that is sup-

ported only by a jack.

(cid:127) Always use axle stands. Refer to the

information on jacks on page 247.

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Front turn signal bulb 1 Catch 2 Bayonet pin 3 Plastic lugs

To re-install the lamp unit 1 Align the catch with the recess in the

lamp housing holder.

2 Press the lamp housing towards the

headlight slightly and press the housing towards the rear of the car.

3 Make sure the locating pin and the two plastic lugs enter their respective holes. 4 Press the lamp housing until it click into

place.

Catch seen from engine bay, left-hand side

Catch seen from engine bay, right-hand side

Front turn signal bulbs To change the bulb, the complete lamp unit has to be removed. 1 Depress the catch, accessed from the

engine bay.

2 Carefully pull out the lamp unit. 3 The bulb holder has a bayonet fitting.

Grip the holder and twist it counterclock- wise.

4 Withdraw the bulb holder from the lamp

unit.

5 The bulb also has a bayonet fitting.

Press in the bulb and twist it counter- clockwise.

6 Fit the new bulb and check that it is cor-

rectly seated.

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Car care and technical information

14

2 3

2 3

Rear light cluster, 9-5 Sedan The bulbs for the lamps in the rear light clus- ter are accessed from the luggage compart- ment. 1 Lower the flap (secured with catches). 2 Squeeze the two plastic lugs and

remove the bulb holder.

3 The bulb has a bayonet fitting. Press in

the bulb and twist it counterclockwise.

4 Change the bulb.

Rear light clusters 1 Direction indicators 2 Taillights 3 Stop lights and taillights 4 Reversing lights 5 Rear fog light 6 High-mounted brake light

2 3

2 3