2000 Saab 9 5 Owners Manual

The system can be switched off manually by the TCS button, whereupon TCS OFF on the main instrument panel will come on. The TCS system cannot be switched off if the car is travelling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h). It may be necessary to switch off the system if the car has become bogged down, for instance. Press TCS to switch it on again. If a fault is detected in the ABS system, the TCS will be switched off automatically. The cruise-control system will automatically be disengaged after one second if it is active when the TCS starts to operate.

(cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) Economical motoring Factors affecting fuel consumption Fuel consumption is greatly affected by the general driving conditions, the way in which the car is driven and at what speeds, the weather, the state of the road, the condition of the car, etc. Breaking-in Fuel consumption may be somewhat higher during the break-in period (the first 3,000– 4,000 miles (5,000–7,000 km) than stated under ”Technical data”.

Weather conditions Fuel consumption can be as much as 10 % lower in summer than in winter. The higher consumption in cold weather is explained by the longer time it takes for the engine to reach normal operating temperature, and for the transmission and wheel bearings to warm up. Fuel economy is also affected by the distance driven: short journeys of 3-5 miles (5-8 km) do not give the engine enough time to reach normal temperature. Strong winds can also affect fuel consump- tion. How to read the graph on the right: If fuel consumption with the engine at normal temperature is 28 mpg (10l/100 km), the actual fuel consumption 3 miles (5 km) after the engine has started from cold will be: – 23.5 mpg (12l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 68°F (20°C) (increase of 20%).

– 17.7 mpg (16l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 32°F (0°C) (increase of 60%).

– 14 mpg (20l/100 km)) at outside temp. of

–4°F (–20°C) (increase of 100%).

As can be seen, both the distance travelled by the car and the outside temperature have a major impact on fuel consumption after the engine has started from cold. Thus, if the car is mainly used for short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km), the fuel consumption will be 60–80 % higher than normal.

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149

Percentage increase in fuel consumption of engine starting from cold compared to engine at normal temperature.

Driving technique (cid:127) To obtain the best running economy, not only regarding fuel consumption but gen- eral wear also, regular service is required.

(cid:127) High speed, unnecessary acceleration,

heavy braking and much low gear work all gives rise to higher fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Frequent gear changing in traffic, starting in cold weather, the use of studded tires and roof racks, and towing a trailer all increase fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Do not run the engine when the car is sta-

tionary.

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Starting and driving

If idling, it will take much longer before the engine becomes hot. Engine wear is greatest during this warming-up phase. Therefore drive away as soon as possible after the engine is started and avoid high revving.

(cid:127) Driving in a low gear results in higher fuel consumption than in a high gear because of the higher engine speed for a given road speed. Always change up to a higher gear as soon as traffic conditions allow and use the highest gear as much as pos- sible.

(cid:127) Check the air pressure in the tires once a month. Incorrect pressures increase tire wear. It is better to have slightly higher pressure than lower.

(cid:127) Check fuel consumption regularly.

Increased consumption can indicate that something is wrong and that the car needs to be checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

Practical trials on the roads have demon- strated that substantial savings in fuel con- sumption can be made if the above advice is heeded.

Road conditions Wet roads increase fuel consumption, as do unpaved roads and driving in hilly country (the amount of fuel saved driving downhill is less than the additional amount required to climb the hill). Engine block heater (standard equipment in Canada, accessory in U.S.) The following are just some of the benefits to the car and the environment of using an engine block heater: (cid:127) Lower fuel consumption. (cid:127) Reduced wear on the engine. Inside of car warms up faster.

(cid:127) Exhaust emissions substantially reduced

over short runs.

The engine heater is effective at outside temperatures up to +15-20°C. The warmer it is outside, the shorter the time the engine heater needs to be connected. Longer than 1.5 hours is unnecessary. If the car is equipped with a removable, electrical cabin heater that is not in use, this should be stored in the luggage compart- ment.

Driving in winter Before starting a journey in cold weather, check that the wiper blades have not become frozen to the glass. Brush any snow away from the air intake for the heater system (opening between hood and wind- shield). Periodically during the winter, add gasoline anti-freeze to the fuel to dispel any conden- sation in the fuel tank which could freeze and cause problems in the system. Keep the tank well filled to reduce the risk of con- densation forming. If the car is parked outside in freezing weather, fuel additives (gasoline anti-freeze) will not do any good as any con- densation in the fuel tank will freeze. Con- densation is caused by changes in the out- door temperature or by the car being parked alternately in a garage and outside. It is particularly important when the roads are slippery that the brakes and tires be in good condition. The car is equipped with tires designed to provide optimum grip on both wet and dry roads, although this has been achieved at the expense of somewhat reduced grip on snow and ice. For regular driving on snow and ice, we therefore recommend that winter (snow) tires be fitted. Winter (snow) tires, particularly studded tires (where use is legally permitted), gener- ally make driving safer on snow and ice. If winter tires are fitted, the same type must be fitted on all wheels. Your Saab dealer will

(cid:127) be pleased to advise you on the best tires for your car. Remember that tires age. It may therefore be necessary to change them before they reach the legal wear limit, as they gradually lose their friction properties. The best response if the car gets into a front-wheel skid is to freewheel (manual gearbox only), i.e. disengage the clutch (so that the wheels are neither driven or retarded by the engine. If the car has automatic transmission, ease up on the accelerator and steer carefully in the desired direction. In a rear-wheel skid, steer in the same direc- tion that the rear of the car is moving.

Tire chains If you want to fit tire chains (where legally permitted) they should only be fitted to the tires recommended under ”Specifications” (see page 233). Consult your Saab dealer for details of approved tire chains.

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not exceed 30 mph (50 km/h)

when tire chains are fitted.

(cid:127) Check the links frequently for wear. (cid:127) Tire chains can reduce the directional

stability of the car.

(cid:127) Tire chains must not be used on the

rear wheels.

(cid:127) Check that the chains do not contact

the wheel-arch liner at full lock.

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151

Driving in hot weather (cid:127) Always check the coolant level before

starting a journey. The level should be just below the MAX mark.

(cid:127) At the end of a journey, if the engine has

worked hard, allow it to idle for two or three minutes before switching it off. If the needle on the temperature gauge enters the red zone: 1 Bring the car to a standstill but leave the engine running. Do not remove the cap on the expansion tank even if the tank is empty. If the needle on the temperature gauge continues to rise while the engine is idling, switch off the engine.

2 Wait until the needle has dropped back to indicate normal temperature (roughly midway, in the white zone) before stop- ping the engine. If the coolant needs top- ping up, unscrew the cap on expansion tank carefully. Top up, as necessary, ideally with a 50/50 mixture of Saab-approved coolant and water. If only water is available, use that, but remember to have the coolant mixture checked as soon as possible.

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Starting and driving

WARNING

Always undo the expansion tank filler cap carefully, releasing the pressure and any vapor before removing the cap com- pletely.

3 As soon as possible, have the cooling

system checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

Towing a trailer Trailer hitch attachment Trailer hitch attachments are available as accessories. These are designed for a max- imum trailer weight of 2000 lbs. (900 kg). Use only the electrical trailer hitch socket provided in the spare wheel area in the lug- gage compartment for connecting the trailer electrics.

NOTE

Use only a genuine Saab trailer hitch, since other models can damage the car’s bodywork and electrical system (or in Canada, a high quality hitch designed to fit the car, available from a trailer hitch specialist). Consult an authorized Saab dealer for guidance on how to connect the trailer hitch electrical system.

Trailer weight Maximum recommended trailer weights for different gradients, with a view to comfort and drivability for manual and automatic cars, are shown on the drawing. Make sure you are familiar with the law regarding speed limits for towing, maxi- mum trailer weights, trailer-braking requirements, and also any special driving-licence provisions (see also page 227).

WARNING

When towing a trailer, do not attempt to negotiate a hill having a gradient in excess of 15%. The weight distribution over the front wheels of the car will be insufficient to prevent wheelspin, making further progress impossible. In addition, the parking brake may not always be able to hold the car and trailer securely, with the result that the wheels can start to slide downhill.

The specified trailer weights and gradients assume that the journey starts at the hill and therefore apply only to short periods.

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153

Distribution of load in trailer a Light b Moderate c Heavy

Recommendations for cars with auto- matic transmission. The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in warm weather, i.e. approximately 104°F (40°C).

Gradient of hill, %

6-7
8-9
10-15

Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 2000 (900) 2000 (900) 1000 (450)

Maximum dura- tion, minutes

unlimited 15 max 15 max.

When negotiating long hills, bear the follow- ing important considerations in mind: If TRANSMISSION OVERHEATING appears on the SID, stop the car as soon as it is safe to do so and wait until the warning has been extinguished. When continuing your journey, select a locked gear (1, 2 or 3) that will allow you to drive at an engine speed of about 3,000 rpm (see page 142). Do not drive continuously with the WINTER mode selected in hilly country when you are towing a trailer, as this will increase fuel con- sumption and risk overheating the transmis- sion.

Trailer hitch load The weight distribution on the trailer makes a lot of difference to the handling properties of the car and trailer combination. As regards single-axle trailers, whenever pos- sible, concentrate the load over the wheels and keep it as low as possible. The trailer should be loaded so that the maximum load on the towbar ball is 5% to 7% of the trailer weight with a maximum per- missible tongue weight of 165 lbs. (75 kg). Note that this load must be added to the total load for the car. If this now exceeds the specified load capacity, the load in the lug- gage compartment will have to be reduced by a corresponding amount. Driving considerations Always take extra care when towing a trailer, as the car’s handling will be different and its braking effect reduced. The trailer’s braking system and suspension also have a considerable effect on these characteris- tics. If the car is equipped with automatic trans- mission, select position 1 when ascending or descending steep hills.

NOTE

If the “Fault indicator, automatic trans- mission” indicator towing until the problem has been recti- fied.

comes on, cease

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154
Driving considerations with compact spare wheel/tire fitted

WARNING

Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h) as the tire can overheat and adversely affect the handling of the car. The tire should be inflated to 60 psi (420 kPa).

The following should be observed when the compact spare wheel (T115/70 R16) is fitted: The compact spare is light and easy to handle when changing the wheel. Do not drive further than necessary with the com- pact spare fitted – the maximum life of the wheel is only just over 2000 miles (3,500 km). Have the standard wheel repaired and refitted as soon as possible.

The car’s ground clearance is reduced with the compact spare fitted. Note that only one compact spare wheel may be used at any time. Take care not to hit the curb and do not fit snow chains. Leave the wheel cover off, so that the warning text is readily visible.

NOTE

To avoid damaging a punctured alloy wheel it can be placed outside up in the spare-wheel well but only while driving to the closest workshop. A general rule is that all heavy loads must be well secured in the luggage compart- ment, see page 118 and 121.

Driving with the trunk lid/tailgate open Avoid driving with the trunk lid/tailgate partly or fully open, since exhaust fumes can be drawn into the cabin. If you must drive with the trunk lid/tailgate open, all windows and the sunroof (if fitted) must be closed and the cabin fan on at its highest speed setting. Driving in deep water

NOTE

Do not drive in water deeper than 12 inches (30 cm) and do not drive faster than at idling speed. Water can otherwise be sucked into the engine. The engine will be damaged if water enters the intake system.

Driving with a roof rack load

WARNING

(cid:127) A roof load will affect the car’s center

of gravity and aerodynamics. Be aware of this when cornering and driv- ing in crosswinds.

(cid:127) Suit your speed to the prevailing con-

ditions.

The maximum permissible roof load is 220 lbs. (100 kg). Note that the roof load is included in the car’s maximum permissible load (see page 226). Strong, sturdy roof carriers designed spe- cially for the car are available from your Saab dealer. Always secure the roof load safely. Fitting the roof carriers (accessory) 9-5 Sedan The carrier feet are marked with a top view of the car and arrow indicating their posi- tions. 1 Slip the plastic cover onto the adjustable

foot of the carrier (foot with knob for tightening) to protect the paintwork during assembly.

2 Open all the doors.

Fold back the rubber strip and find the fixing holes.

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155

6 Tighten each carrier by turning the knob

clockwise (by hand). Tighten just enough to bring the foot up against the edges of the fixing holes.

Remove the carriers when not in use, as they increase fuel consumption. The instructions that accompany the carri- ers also include advice on driving with a roof load - we strongly recommend that you read them carefully.

3 Start on the left-hand side of the car.

Rest the carrier carefully across the roof, with the rigid foot towards you. Hold the foot clear of the roof to avoid damaging the paintwork. Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins on the foot into the fixing holes. Make sure that the rubber strip comes inside the plastic cover on the carrier. Repeat the procedure with the other car- rier.

4 Close the doors on the left-hand side of the car gently, to hold the carrier feet in place.

5 Now go around to the other side of the car and remove the plastic cover from the carrier’s adjustable foot. Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins on the foot into the fixing holes. Do the same with the other carrier and close the doors gently.

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Starting and driving

Fitting the roof carriers (accessory) 9-5 Wagon 1 Clean the car’s roof rails. 2 Check the markings on the cross mem- bers to see which is the front and which is the rear roof carrier.

3 Place the cross members on the roof rails, on their respective sides of the centre supports. The cross members must not be placed beyond the front or rear joint on the rail. Ensure that the dis- tance between the cross members is at least 28 inches (700 mm). If a roof box is to be fitted, the cross members must be positioned so that the tailgate can be opened fully without hit- ting the roof box.

4 Using your thumb, press the bracket so that it lies snugly against the outside of the roof rail. Make sure that the roof car- riers are seated centrally on the rubber spacers and that these sit correctly on the roof rail. Pull the spacers down slightly on the inside of the roof rail.

5 Center the roof carriers so that they pro-

trude equally on both sides.

6 Tighten the roof carriers by hand.

Ensure that the tightening knobs are upright once the roof carriers have been tightened.

7 Make sure the roof carriers are securely

in place.

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157

Never reduce the pressure of a hot tire. If the tires are hot when you check them, only increase the pressure, if necessary. Underinflated tires wear more quickly than slightly overinflated tires. If a valve is leaking, simply unscrew it and fit a new one. Important! Remember to adjust the tire pressures if you change the load in the car or intend to drive at substantially lower or higher speeds than normal.

Driving with a load The driving characteristics of the car are affected by the way it is loaded. (cid:127) Place heavy loads as far forward and as

low as possible in the trunk.

(cid:127) Secure the load to the tie downs, see

page 118.

(cid:127) The load should be such that the car´s

total weight or axle weight are not exceeded, see page 226.

(cid:127) Heavy loads mean that the car’s centre of gravity is further back. As a result, the car will sway more during evasive steering.

(cid:127) Never exceed the permissible load in the roof box, even if there is room for more. (cid:127) Ensure that the tire pressure is correct – slight overinflation is preferable to under- inflation.

(cid:127) The braking distance of a loaded car is

always greater. Keep your distance from the vehicle in front.

Tire pressure, see page 235 and back cover.

Tires

NOTE

Check the tire pressure at least once a month. Underinflation is the main cause of: (cid:127) Damage to the wheels. (cid:127) Premature tire wear. (cid:127) Damage to the sidewalls.

The tire pressure should match the current load and speed of the car; see the back cover or the tire pressure label on page 235. The tire pressures given apply to cold tires, that is tires that are the same temperature as the outside air temperature. The tire pressure increases as the tires become warm (e.g. during highway driving) with approximately 0.3 bar (4 psi). When the temperature of the tires changes by 50° (10°C), the tire pressure will change 0.1 bar (2 psi).

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158
Towing the car

WARNING

(cid:127) Remember that the brake servo does

not operate when the engine is off. Much greater pressure than normal will therefore be required to operate the brake pedal.

(cid:127) Nor does the steering servo operate when the engine is off. The steering will therefore be much heavier than usual.

(cid:127) The towing vehicle should always be

heavier than the vehicle on tow.

(cid:127) Never allow passengers to ride in the

car being towed.

Front towing eye

WARNING

(cid:127) Make sure that the towing eye at the

front is screwed in tightly.

(cid:127) The towing eye is only designed for

use when the car is being towed on the road. It must not be used to pull the car out of a ditch, for example. If the towing eye were to shear suddenly, it could cause serious injury.

(cid:127) Always seek professional help if the

car needs to be recovered.

NOTE

(cid:127) Do not drive the car with the front

towing eye in position. If it catches the curb, for example, the engine sub- frame could be damaged.

(cid:127) Refit the plastic plug in the hole when the towing eye has been removed, to keep dirt out of the threads.

Front towing eye

The front towing eye is stored with the spare wheel. The attachment point (tapped hole) for the towing eye is midway along the engine sub- frame at the front of the car. Remove the plastic plug and screw in the towing eye securely. To ensure that the towing eye is in far enough, insert the handle of the wheel wrench through the eye for additional lever- age.

Considerations when towing the car with manual transmission Gear lever in neutral and parking lights on. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles being towed. Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake, as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked violently.

Considerations when towing the car with automatic transmission Selector lever at N (neutral) and parking lights on. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles being towed. Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake, as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked violently.

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159

NOTE

The car must be towed front first.

1 Selector lever in position N. 2 Always observe the speed limit for

vehicles in tow. Whatever the speed limit, the car must not be towed at a speed exceeding 13 mph (20 km/h) nor for a distance of more than 18 miles (30 km). If the car needs to be trans- ported over a longer distance, a tow truck should be called out.

Failure to follow these guidelines can result in damage. Cars with automatic transmission cannot be bump started. In an emergency, it is possi- ble to start the engine using jump leads (see the section, ”Jump starting” on page 160).

NOTE

If the car is to be towed with the front wheels off the ground, make sure the parking brake is off, as this acts on the rear wheels.

Rear towing eye

Rear towing eye The car has a permanently mounted towing eye at the back. If the car is equipped with a trailer hitch, this can be used instead of the towing eye.

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Jump starting If your battery has run down, you may want to use another vehicle and some jumper cables to start your Saab. Follow the steps below to do it safely.

WARNING

Batteries can cause injury. They can be dangerous because: (cid:127) They contain acid that can burn you. (cid:127) They contain gas that can explode or

ignite.

(cid:127) They contain enough electricity to

injure you.

If you do not follow these steps exactly, some or all of these things can hurt you.

NOTE

Ignoring these steps could result in costly damage to your vehicle that would not be covered by your warranty. Trying to start your car by pushing or pull- ing it could damage your vehicle, even if you have a manual transmission. If you have an automatic transmission, your vehicle cannot be started by pushing or pulling it.

–

–

To jump start your vehicle: 1 Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.

NOTE

If the other system is not a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged.

2 Get the vehicles close enough so the

jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles are not touching each other. If a poor connection on the negative jumper cable should exist, it is possible for damage to be caused to electrical sys- tems/components of either vehicle should inadvertent contact be made. You would not be able to start your car

and bad grounding could damage elec- trical systems.

WARNING

You could be injured if the vehicles roll. Set the parking brake firmly on each vehi- cle. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in Neu- tral.

3 Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Turn off all lights that are not needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries and it could save your radio.

NOTE

If you leave your radio on, it could be badly damaged. The repairs would not be covered by your warranty.

4 Open the hood and locate the battery. Find the positive (+) and negative (-) termi- nals on the battery.

5 Check that the jumper cables do not

have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock and also the vehicles could be damaged. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (-) will go to negative (-) or a major metal engine part with a good ground. Do not connect (+) to (-) or you will get a short that could injure you or would damage the battery and maybe other parts as well.

6 Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal of the vehicle with the discharged battery.

7 Do not let the other end touch metal.

Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one.

WARNING

An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

WARNING

Using a match or flame of any kind near a battery can cause battery gas to explode. You can suffer burns or be blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the battery has enough water. The battery installed in your new Saab has filler caps. Be sure the right amount of water is there. Add distilled or boiled water if the level is too low. If you don’t, explosive gas could be present. Be sure the electrolyte in the battery is not frozen. Discharged batteries will freeze. When connecting jumper cables to a frozen battery, gas from the chemical reaction inside the battery can build up under the ice and cause an explosion. Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Do not get it on you. If you acciden- tally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the area with water and get medical help immediately.

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8 Now connect the black negative (-)

cable to the good battery’s negative ter- minal. Do not let the other end touch anything until the next step. The other end of the negative cable does not go to the dead battery. It goes to a major metal part with a good ground on the engine of the vehi- cle with the discharged battery.

9 Attach the cable at least 18 inches

(45 cm) away from the discharged bat- tery, but not near engine parts that move. The electrical connection is just as good there, but the chance of sparks getting back to the battery is much less. 10 Start the vehicle with the good battery

and run the engine for a while.

11 Try to start the vehicle with the dis-

charged battery. If it does not start after a few tries, it probably needs service.

12 Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take care that they do not touch each other or any other metal.

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Parking brake

WARNING

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake when

parking.

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake before

removing the ignition key.

(cid:127) Do not use the parking brake when the

car is moving.

The parking brake is situated between the front seats and acts on the rear wheels. When the parking brake is on, the indicator light on the main instrument panel will be on. To release the parking brake, lift the lever slightly, press the release button and release the lever by pushing down on it.

Parking

WARNING

Do not leave children or pets unattended in the car. In warm, sunny weather, the temperature inside the car can reach 160–180°F (70–80°C).

(cid:127) Park where the vehicle will not create an

obstruction or a hazard to other road users.

(cid:127) Do not park on dry grass or other combus- tible material. The catalytic converter gets very hot and could start a fire.

(cid:127) Apply the parking brake. (cid:127) Engage reverse (automatic transmission:

move selector lever to P (Park)), and remove the ignition key.

(cid:127) Lock the car.

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163

lid and doors, and lubricate them with glycerol (glycerin).

(cid:127) After washing the car, dry the brake discs

by taking the car out on the road and applying the brakes a few times.

(cid:127) Fill the fuel tank with fuel to prevent con-

densation forming in it.

(cid:127) Top up the coolant and check the anti-

freeze before the onset of winter. (cid:127) Park the car in a dry, covered and

well-ventilated building. Leave the park- ing brake OFF!

(cid:127) Disconnect the negative (-) battery lead.

If frost is likely to occur during the long-term parking, remove the battery and store it away from the frost. Ideally, the car should be put up on blocks, with the wheels off the ground. If this is not possible, inflate the tires to about 43 psi (300 kPa).

(cid:127) Leave all the windows open a crack and cover the car with a fabric tarpaulin - not one made of plastic.

1 Pointing downhill and

against the curb – Turn the wheels into the curb and edge the car forward until the wheels touch the curb.

2 Pointing uphill and

against the curb – Turn the wheels away from the curb and edge the car back until the wheels touch the curb.

3 Pointing uphill or downhill – no curb – Turn the wheels towards the edge of the road. If the car should start rolling, it will not run into the road.

Parking on a hill When parking on a steep hill, turn the front wheels so that they will be blocked by the curb if the car should move.

Long-term parking If the car is not going to be used for some time, e.g. 3–4 months, the following steps are recommended: (cid:127) Run the engine to normal temperature

before long-term parking.

(cid:127) Drain the washer-fluid reservoir and

hoses.

(cid:127) Wash and wax the car. Clean the rubber seals on the hood, luggage compartment

(cid:127) 164

Starting and driving

Car care and technical information

165

Car care and technical information

Hood release handle ....... 166 Engine compartment, 4-cyl. engine................... 167 Engine compartment, 6-cyl. engine................... 168 Emission control systems 169 Engine............................... 170 Engine oil ......................... 171 Transmission fluid........... 173 Coolant ............................. 174 Brake and clutch fluid ..... 175 Power steering fluid ........ 176 Battery .............................. 177

Drive belts........................ Wipers and washers ....... Changing bulbs ............... Fuses................................ Wheels.............................. Compact spare wheel ..... Flat spotting..................... Air conditioning (A/C system)........................... Safety belts ...................... Upholstery and trim ........ Textile carpeting.............. Washing the car ..............

179 180 182 192 198 202 206

206 207 208 208 209

Waxing and polishing...... 209 Engine compartment ....... 210 Touching up the paint ..... 210 Anticorrosion treatment .. 211 For long trips.................... 213 Recovery and/or recycling of automotive materials. 213 Headlamp aiming ............. 214

Car care and technical information

166
Hood release handle The hood release handle is located under- neath the instrument panel. To open the hood: 1 Pull the release handle. 2 The front of the hood will now spring up,

providing access to the secondary safety catch.

Hood release handle

Hood secondary safety catch

3 Push the catch upwards, lifting the hood at the same time. The hood can now be lifted right up.

To close the hood, release it from a height of about 8 in (20 cm). Do not press down on it.

WARNING

Make sure not to hold your fingers between the hood and the hood safety catch if you lay the hood down but not closing it.

In cold weather, when the mechanism is stiff, the hood might need to be released from twice the height to lock properly. Check that the hood is now closed securely.

Engine compartment, 4-cyl. engine

Car care and technical information

167

Engine compartment, 4-cyl. engine 1 Engine-oil dipstick/filler cap 2 Reservoir, brake/clutch fluid 3 Fuse box 4 Expansion tank, coolant 5 Washer-fluid filler cap 6 Battery 7 Dipstick, automatic transmission fluid 8 Turbo unit 9 Ignition discharge module

10 Reservoir, power-steering fluid

10

Car care and technical information

168
Engine compartment, 6-cyl. engine

Engine compartment, 6-cyl. engine 1 Engine-oil dipstick 2 Engine-oil filler cap 3 Reservoir, brake/clutch fluid 4 Fuse box 5 Expansion tank, coolant 6 Washer-fluid filler cap 7 Battery 8 Dipstick, automatic transmission fluid 9 Ignition discharge module

10 Reservoir, power-steering fluid

10

Engine families Saab cars imported into the United States and Canada meet all applicable emission control standards. The engine family and appropriate tune-up specifications are iden- tified on a label affixed to the left front inner fender. These engine families meet applicable EPA Federal Standards, California State Stan- dards and Canadian Federal Standards and are equipped with the following systems: • Sequential multiport fuel injection system. (cid:127) Three way catalytic converter. (cid:127) Crankcase emissions control system. (cid:127) Evaporative emission control system. (cid:127) On-Board diagnostic (OBD II) system.

Car care and technical information

169

ing duration, ignition timing and turbo- charger boost pressure to provide excellent engine performance while maintaining low emissions and fuel consumption.

NOTE

The Trionic engine management systems continuously monitors the operation of these systems and have on-board diag- nostic capabilities (OBD II).

If the “Engine malfunction” lamp in the main instrument illuminates, this indi- cates that the Trionic ECM has detected a problem. The car will continue to oper- ate, but performance may be diminished. You should have your car checked by a Saab dealer as soon as possible.

Emission control systems The systems for controlling emissions to the atmosphere require regular checking and adjustment at the intervals specified in the service program. In addition to meeting the exhaust emission regulations and thereby helping to keep the environment clean, a correctly tuned engine will also give maximum fuel economy. Saab Trionic engine management system The Saab Trionic engine management system is a unique Saab development that combines sequential multiport fuel injection, electronic distributorless ignition and turbo- charger boost pressure control into one sys- tem. The Trionic engine control module (ECM) monitors many different engine parameters such as:

Intake manifold pressure. Intake air temperature.

(cid:127) Crankshaft position. (cid:127) Engine coolant temperature. (cid:127) Throttle position and (cid:127) The oxygen content of the exhaust gases. The ECM receives information regarding engine knocking from a sophisticated feed- back function in the ignition discharge unit. By processing all of this information, the Tri- onic system can control fuel injector open-

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Car care and technical information

ORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) Hydrocarbon vapors formed when refueling will be recovered by the car and not released into the atmosphere. The hydro- carbons are absorbed in a evaporative emission canister. When the engine is sub- sequently started, the evaporative emission canister is gradually purged as air is sucked into it through a shut-off valve. The hydro- carbon/air mixture passes through the evap canister purge valve and into the engine where it is burned. When refueling, make sure you screw the filler cap on and keep turning until it has clicked at least 3 times. Otherwise, it is pos- sible for the CHECK ENGINE light to illumi- nate and a “TIGHTEN FUEL FILLER CAP“ message to appear on SID. Refueling, see page 134.

Engine 2.3-liter engine The 2.3-liter model is a transverse, 4-cylin- der in-line engine with twin overhead cam- shafts and 4 valves per cylinder. This engine is equipped with balance shafts that reduce engine vibration to a minimum. The balance shafts are chain driven and rotate at twice the speed of the crankshaft. They produce forces and torques that are opposed to those generated by the pistons and connecting rods, an effect that occurs twice for each revolution of the engine. Engine noise is also reduced as the counter-rotating shafts counteract the vibra- tion from the moving parts of the engine. The transmission, located on the right (viewed from the front), is integrated with the engine. All models have front-wheel drive.

Balance shafts, 4-cyl. engine

3.0-liter V6 engine The 3.0-liter engine is a transverse, V6 engine with each bank of cylinders having double overhead camshafts and 4 valves per cylinder. The transmission, located on the right (viewed from the front), is integrated with the engine. All models have front-wheel drive.

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Engine oil Checking the oil level Check the engine-oil level regularly. This should be done after the engine has been run to normal temperature and then allowed to cool for 2–5 minutes, with the car stand- ing on level ground. Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean before checking the level.

Engine-oil filler cap and dipstick, 4-cylinder engine

Engine-oil dipstick and filler cap, V6engine

4-cylinder engine The oil level must not be allowed to drop below the MIN mark on the dipstick, nor should oil be filled beyond the MAX mark, as this can lead to excessive oil consumption. The distance between the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corresponds to a volume of approximately 1.05 qts (1 liter). When necessary, add oil of the recom- mended grade via the dipstick tube.

V6 engine The oil level must not be allowed to drop below the MIN mark on the dipstick, nor should oil be filled beyond the MAX mark, as this can lead to excessive oil consumption. The distance between the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corresponds to a volume of approximately 1.05 qts (1 liter). Top up, as necessary, with oil of the recom- mended grade.

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Car care and technical information

Oil changing The engine oil must be changed in accor- dance with the service program, see page 218. Oil volume and grade, see page 229. Oil changing should be carried out on a warm engine. Unscrew the drain plug in the bottom of the sump and leave the oil to drain into an oil tray or other suitable receptacle for at least ten minutes. Take care, as the oil may be hot. After the oil has been drained, unscrew and remove the oil filter. Fit a new filter and tighten it by hand before adding new oil. Refit the drain plug with a new washer. Run the engine to normal temperature and check the oil level.

NOTE

Change of engine oil and oil filter may be required more frequently (5000-mile intervals (8,000 km)) if any one of the fol- lowing conditions apply to the car:

(cid:127) Most trips are less than 5 to 10 miles (8 to 16 km). This is particularly important when outside temperatures are below freezing.

(cid:127) Most trips include extensive idling

(such as frequent stop-and-go driving).

(cid:127) Most trips are through dusty areas.

(cid:127) You frequently tow a trailer or use a car-

rier on top of your vehicle.

If the vehicle is used for delivery ser- vice, police, taxi or other commercial applications.

Drain plug and oil filter, 4-cylinder engine

Drain plug and oil filter, V6 engine

(cid:127) WARNING

(cid:127) Prolonged and repeated exposure of the skin to engine oil can cause seri- ous skin disorders.

(cid:127) Avoid prolonged skin contact when-

ever possible. Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water after any contact.

(cid:127) Keep oil out of reach of children.

(cid:127) Do not touch the turbocharger or

manifold. These get very hot when the engine has been running.

(cid:127) Do not spill oil on hot parts of the engine as this could cause a fire.

(cid:127) Protect the environment. Do not dis- pose of oil in the ground or down a drain. Dispose of all used oil and oil fil- ters at an appropriate disposal facility.

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173

Transmission fluid Manual transmission Check and top up the fluid in accordance with the service program. If original fluid cannot can be obtained for topping up (see page 231), automatic trans- mission fluid Dexron III (synthetic fluid) can be used. If so, the car should be taken to an authorized Saab dealer as soon as possible to have the reason for low fluid level cor- rected and original fluid installed. Automatic transmission Check the fluid level as follows: 1 Stand the car on level ground and apply the handbrake. The automatic transmis- sion fluid must be at normal running tem- perature, approximately 175°F (80°C). This can be achieved by driving the car for about 30 min on the open road.

2 With the engine idling, move the selector

lever to D and wait for at least 15 seconds. Next, move the selector lever to R and wait for 15 seconds again. Finally, move the selector lever to P. Let the engine idle.

3 Wipe the dipstick clean with a lint-free

cloth and put it back.

4 With the fluid at normal temperature, the

level should be between the MAX and MIN marks on the dipstick. Top up, as necessary, with Texaco Texamatic Dexron III automatic transmission fluid (mineral oil-based), adding it through the dipstick pipe. The distance between

MAX +80°

+80° MIN

Dipstick for automatic-transmission fluid

the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corresponds to a volume of approxi- mately 0.4 qts (0.4 liter).

NOTE

If there is a smell of burning fluid or the fluid is black, change the fluid.

If the outside temperature is below 50°F (10°C), the fluid will not reach the specified temperature of 175°F (80°C). In this case, the correct fluid level may be 0.8 in (20 mm) below the MAX mark.

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Coolant

WARNING

(cid:127) Proceed with caution if the radiator is

boiling when you open the hood. Never remove the expansion-tank filler cap when the radiator is boiling. Loosen the cap carefully, and let the engine cool before removing the cap.

(cid:127) The cooling system is pressurized – hot coolant and vapor can escape when the filler cap is released.

The expansion tank is transparent to facili- tate checking of the coolant level. When the engine is cold, the coolant must not lie over the KALT/COLD mark on the expansion tank. If the message “FILL COOLANT FLUID” is displayed on the SID, check the level of fluid in the expansion tank. Top up, as necessary, with equal parts of clean water and Saab-approved coolant. If the expansion tank is empty when coolant is added, run the engine to normal temper- ature and top up again, as necessary.

Coolant expansion tank

Coolant The cooling system is charged at the factory with coolant containing a 50% concentra- tion of a combined antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor. A weaker mixture will result in reduced anticorrosion protection. For pro- tection against freezing in very cold weather, a stronger concentration will be needed. A 60% concentration of antifreeze will pro- vide protection at temperatures down to -58 F (-50°C).

The corrosion-inhibiting properties of the coolant deteriorate over time, but Saab-approved coolant can be used for year-round protection. Change the coolant as specified in the service program and use only Saab-approved coolant – other makes may need changing more frequently and may damage the system.

NOTE

Always mix the antifreeze with the appropriate volume of water before adding it to the cooling system. If pure antifreeze is added, the engine could still freeze and be damaged. This is because the antifreeze will not mix properly with the coolant before the thermostat has opened to allow full circulation.

Changing the coolant (Usually carried out as part of the Saab orig- inal service by an authorized Saab dealer) 1 If the engine is hot, open the expan-

sion-tank filler cap carefully to release the pressure, but do not remove it com- pletely. Place a suitable receptacle under the radiator and undo the drain- cock.

2 Remove the filler cap on the expansion

tank.

3 The system takes about two minutes to

drain. Close the draincock.

4 Mix the antifreeze and water to the

required strength in a suitable container. Use only Saab-approved coolant.

5 Add the coolant slowly to the expansion tank. This will take about two minutes, as the air needs time to escape.

6 Screw on the filler cap and fully tighten the drain cook. Run the engine to normal temperature. Top up the coolant, as nec- essary, until the level is just below the MAX mark on the tank.

7 Check the coolant again after a few days

and top up as necessary.

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175

Radiator draincock

Brake and clutch-fluid reservoir

Brake and clutch fluid

WARNING

Brake fluid deteriorates as it becomes old. Because it is hygroscopic, it absorbs water from the air and, in time, could allow vapor to form in the brake system, thus reducing its performance. It is therefore important that brake fluid be changed reg- ularly, as specified in the service pro- gram.

Checking the fluid level The combined brake and clutch-fluid reser- voir is transparent to facilitate checking of the fluid level.

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Car care and technical information

Brake pad wear indicators The outboard brake pads on the front wheels incorporate pad-wear indicators. When the lining is down to 0.11 in (3 mm), the pad will produce a screeching, squeal- ing or scraping noise when the brakes are applied. New pads should be fitted without delay. Brake pads should only be changed by an authorized Saab dealer. To ensure optimum brake performance, use only Saab original brake pads.

The level should be between the MAX and MIN marks. Top up, as necessary, with DOT 4 fluid. Do not use DOT 5 brake fluid. Use only new brake fluid from a sealed con- tainer. Check that there are no leaks in the brake system. The brake fluid level will fall somewhat as the brake pads wear. The MAX level in the reservoir corresponds to the amount of brake fluid required with new brake pads. If the fall in fluid level is moderate, due to normal brake pad wear, topping up is not necessary. Changing of the brake fluid should be carried out by an authorized Saab dealer. The vehicle´s regular braking system is adjusted automatically, but the parking brake has to be adjusted manually. This work, involving adjustment of the parking brake cables and brake pads, must only be carried out by an authorized Saab dealer. It is not possible to detect, through abnormal pedal or parking brake-lever travel, whether brake pads are worn and need replacing. It is therefore essential that brake pads be checked regularly, as specified in the ser- vice program.

Power steering fluid reservoir

Power steering fluid Check the level of the power steering fluid in the reservoir regularly, in accordance with the service program. The wheels should point forward during the check. Clean around the cap before it is unscrewed. Clean the dipstick. Screw in the cap completely again before checking the level. The oil should lie between the MAX and MIN marks when the oil temperature is about 70°F (+20°C). If the oil is colder the level can be lower, and in higher temperatures the level can be higher, both of which are acceptable. Top up with ”Power Steering Fluid CHF 11S” (part number 3032380).

Battery

WARNING

(cid:127) The battery emits hydrogen which,

when mixed with the oxygen in the air, forms a highly explosive gas. Avoid causing sparks and keep open flames well away from the vicinity of the bat- tery.

(cid:127) The battery contains corrosive sulfuric

acid. Always wear a face mask or goggles when working on the battery.

(cid:127) If battery acid gets into the eyes or

splashes the skin or clothing, wash affected area liberally with water. If acid gets into the eyes or a large quantity makes contact with the skin, seek medical help.

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177

The battery is provided with a cover to pro- tect it from radiated heat. If the battery is exposed to high temperatures, its life will be shortened. To remove the cover, pry out the edge a little, located at the rear of the cover. The cover fits the standard battery installed in the car. If a new battery is to be fitted, make sure that its dimensions are the same as the standard one. The fluid level and the charge level should be checked regularly. The best way to check the charge is to use a hydrometer.

NOTE

Correct fluid level in battery

Never use tap water to top up the battery.

Tap water contains salts and minerals that accelerate the corrosion of the battery elec- trodes, which can shorten the life of the bat- tery. The specific gravity of the electrolyte when the battery is fully charged is 1.28. A specific gravity of 1.18 roughly indicates a 50% charge (see also page 230).

If frequent short journeys are made, the bat- tery may need to be given a booster charge. This can be done either using a battery charger or by taking the car for a long run. A car with a standard equipment specifica- tion and a fully charged battery can be left for up to 40 days and still have a sufficient charge for starting. If extra equipment is fit- ted, such as a car phone, the charge may only be sufficient for about 15 days.

NOTE

A discharged battery can freeze and frac- ture. Batteries should therefore always be stored away from frost.

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Car care and technical information

Charging/replacing the battery

Battery

Correct position for battery clamp

NOTE

To avert the danger of short-circuiting between the positive (+) terminal on the battery and the inlet manifold on the engine, always disconnect the negative (-) battery lead first and reconnect it last.

Connect the positive lead to the positive (+) battery terminal (red), and the negative lead to a good ground point, e.g. the lifting lug at the front of the engine. To remove the battery, always disconnect the negative (black) lead first and reconnect it last when fitting the new battery. The battery size must comply with DIN 53735 MFI 230/2.16.

NOTE

(cid:127) Never reverse the polarity of the bat- tery by connecting the leads to the wrong terminals. The red, positive lead connects to the positive (+) termi- nal, and the black, negative lead to the negative (-) terminal.

(cid:127) Serious damage can be done to the car’s electrical system if a battery or alternator lead is disconnected while the engine is running.

(cid:127) The nut on the battery clamp should be tightened to a torque of 10 Nm.

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179

Routing of the Poly-Vee-belt: 4-cylinder engine with A/C

Routing of the Poly-Vee-belt: V6 engine with A/C

Drive belts

WARNING

(cid:127) Keep hands and clothing well clear of

drive belts when engine is running.

(cid:127) Always stop engine before inspecting

drive belts.

The alternator is situated on the right-hand side of the engine, adjacent to the bulkhead. It is driven via a Poly-Vee-belt from the crankshaft pulley. The Poly-Vee-belt also drives the water pump, the A/C compressor and the steering servo pump.

NOTE

Serious damage can be done to the car’s electrical system if an alternator lead is disconnected while the engine is running.

The belt tension is critical and is adjusted automatically by the belt tensioner. See also page 47, ”Warning, charging”.

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180
Wipers and washers Check and clean all wiper blades regularly. We recommend Saab washer fluid for cleaning. If poor wiper performance is experienced, clean the windshield with Saab washer fluid. This is particularly important if the car has been through an automatic car wash, as these sometimes leave a wax coating on the windshield. If wiper performance is still unsatisfactory, fit new blades.

Changing the windshield wiper blades Lift the wiper arm off the windshield 1 Depress the catch. 2 Pull the complete blade assembly down to free it from the wiper arm, and then lift it off the arm.

Changing headlamp-wiper blades 1 Lift the wiper arm off the headlamp. 2 Release the wiper blade by pulling it straight down, at right angles to the wiper arm.

To fit the new blade, slot the blade into the retainer on the wiper arm, and press it firmly home.

Washers The washer-fluid reservoir holds 6.4 quarts (6 liters). When "WASHER FLUID LEVEL LOW" comes up on the SID, the reservoir is down to about 1 quart (1 liter) of fluid. Add at least 50% of washer- fluid to water to pre- vent freezing and for effective cleaning. Washer jets The washer jets can be adjusted and, if necessary, unclogged by means of a pin.

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181

Washer-fluid filler cap

Cleaning/adjusting the washer jets

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182
Changing bulbs

WARNING

Before changing a bulb in the engine bay, switch off the engine to avoid danger of fingers and hands being injured by moving parts. The radiator fan can start up even when the engine is switched off.

Check that the new bulb is working when finished. Some bulbs are of the ”Long-Life” type. Make sure the same type is fitted when changing one of these. Headlamp aiming, see page 214.

Headlamp bulb for high beam

NOTE

(cid:127) Do not fit bulbs with a higher rating than 55 W. (cid:127) Switch off the ignition before changing a bulb, to avoid possible

short-circuiting.

1 Unscrew the cover from the back of the lamp unit. 2 Unplug the connector. 3 To remove the spring clip, push it in and then move it to the right. 4 Remove the bulb. 5 Without touching the glass with your fingers, insert the new bulb. 6 Line up the bulb with the guide in the reflector and secure it with

the spring clip.

7 Plug in the connector. 8 Screw on the cover.

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183

Headlamp bulb for low beam 1 Unscrew the cover from the back of the lamp unit. 2 Unplug the connector. 3 To remove the spring clip, push it in and then move it to the right. 4 Remove the bulb. 5 Without touching the glass with your fingers, insert the new bulb. 6 Line up the bulb with the guide in the reflector and secure it with

the spring clip.

7 Plug in the connector. 8 Screw on the cover.

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Car care and technical information

Parking-light bulb

Parking-light bulb The parking-light bulb is adjacent to the bulb for low beam. 1 Unscrew the cover from the back of the

lamp unit.

2 Withdraw the bulb holder. 3 Change the bulb.

Front fog lights and cornering lights 1 Front fog light 2 Cornering light

Front turn signal bulb 1 Retaining screw 2 Bayonet pin 3 Plastic lugs

Front fog lights / cornering lights 1 From under the front bumper, grip the bulb holder and twist counterclockwise.

2 Unplug the connector. 3 Change the bulb. Refit in the reverse order.

WARNING

Never crawl under a car that is supported only by a jack.

Front turn signal bulbs To change the bulb, the complete lamp unit has to be removed. 1 Loosen the screw (1). There is no need

to remove it completely.

2 Carefully pull out the lamp unit. 3 The bulb holder has a bayonet fitting.

Grip the holder and twist it counterclock- wise.

4 Withdraw the bulb holder from the lamp

unit.

5 The bulb also has a bayonet fitting.