1999 Nissan Maxima Owners Manual

yourself” section. DRAINING OF COOLANT WATER If the vehicle is to be left outside without anti-freeze, drain the cooling system by open- ing the drain valves located under the radiator and on the engine block. Refill before operat- ing the vehicle. See “Engine cooling system” in

the “8. Do-it-yourself” section for changing engine coolant. TIRE EQUIPMENT 1. SUMMER tires are of a tread design to provide superior performance on dry pave- ment. However, the performance of these tires will be substantially reduced in snowy and icy conditions. If you operate your vehicle on snowy or icy roads, NISSAN recommends the use of MUD & SNOW or ALL SEASON tires on all four wheels. Please consult your NISSAN dealer for the tire type, size, speed rating and availability information.

2. For additional traction on icy roads, studded tires may be used. However, some prov- inces and states prohibit their use. Check local, state and provincial laws before in- stalling studded tires.

Skid and traction capabilities of studded snow tires, on wet or dry surfaces, may be poorer than that of non-studded snow tires.

3. Tire chains may be used if desired. Make sure they are of proper size for the tires on your vehicle and are installed according to the chain manufacturer’s suggestions. Use of tire chains may be prohibited according to location. Check the local laws before

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installing tire chains. When installing tire chains, make sure they are of proper size for the tires on your vehicle and are in- stalled according to the chain manufactur- er’s suggestions. Use only SAE Class S chains. Other types may damage your vehicle. Use chain tensioners when recom- mended by the tire chain manufacturer to ensure a tight fit. Loose end links of the tire chain must be secured or removed to pre- vent the possibility of whipping action dam- age to the fenders or underbody. If pos- sible, avoid fully loading your vehicle when using tire chains. In addition, drive at a reduced speed. Otherwise, your vehicle may be damaged and/or vehicle handling and performance may be adversely af- fected. Never install tire chains on a T-type spare tire. Do not use tire chains on dry roads.

SPECIAL WINTER EQUIPMENT It is recommended that the following items be carried in the vehicle during winter: I a scraper and stiff-bristled brush to remove ice and snow from the windows and wiper blades.

I a sturdy, flat board to be placed under the

jack to give it firm support.

I a shovel to dig the vehicle out of snow-

drifts.

I extra window washer fluid to refill the res-

ervoir tank.

DRIVING ON SNOW OR ICE

I Wet ice (32°F, 0°C and freezing rain), very cold snow or ice can be slick and very hard to drive on. The vehicle will have a lot less traction or grip under these conditions. Try to avoid driving on wet ice until the road is salted or sanded.

I Whatever the condition, drive with caution. Accelerate and slow down with care. If accelerating or down- shifting too fast, the drive wheels will lose even more traction.

I Allow more stopping distance under these conditions. Braking should be started sooner than on dry pavement. I Allow greater following distances on

slippery roads.

I Watch for slippery spots (glare ice). These may appear on an otherwise

clear road in shaded areas. If a patch of ice is seen ahead, brake before reaching it. Try not to brake while actually on the ice, and avoid any sudden steering maneuvers.

I Do not use cruise control on slippery

roads.

I Snow can trap dangerous exhaust gases under your vehicle. Keep snow clear of the exhaust pipe and from around your vehicle.

ENGINE BLOCK HEATER (if so equipped) An engine block heater to assist extreme cold temperature starting is available through your NISSAN dealer.

Do not use your heater with an un- grounded electrical system or two- pronged (cheater) adapters. You can be injured by an electrical shock if you use an ungrounded connection.

Starting and driving 5-21

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5-22 Starting and driving

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6 In case of emergency

Flat tire ...................................................................... 6-2
Changing a flat tire.................................................... 6-2
Jump starting............................................................. 6-7
Push starting ............................................................. 6-9

If your vehicle overheats......................................... 6-10
Towing your vehicle ................................................ 6-11
Towing recommended by NISSAN ......................... 6-11
Vehicle recovery (Freeing a stuck vehicle)............. 6-12

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FLAT TIRE

CHANGING A FLAT TIRE If you have a flat tire, follow the instructions below. Stopping the vehicle 1. Safely move the vehicle off the road away

from traffic.

2. Turn on the hazard warning flashers. 3. Park on a level surface and apply the parking brake. Shift the manual transmis- sion into R (Reverse) position (automatic transmission in P (Park) position).

4. Turn off the engine. 5. Raise the hood to warn other traffic, and to signal professional road assistance person- nel that you need assistance.

6. Have all passengers get out of the vehicle and stand in a safe place, away from traffic and clear of the vehicle.

I Make sure that the parking brake is securely applied and the manual transmission is shifted into R (Re- verse), or the automatic transmission into P (Park).

6-2 In case of emergency

I Never change tires when the vehicle is on a slope, ice or slippery areas. This is hazardous.

I Never change tires if oncoming traffic is close to your vehicle. Wait for pro- fessional road assistance.

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Blocking wheels Place suitable blocks at both the front and back of the wheel diagonally opposite the flat tire to prevent the vehicle from rolling when it is jacked up.

Be sure to block the wheel as the vehicle may move and could cause personal injury.

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Removing wheel cover

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Do not use your hands to pry off wheel caps. Doing so could result in personal injury.

Getting the spare tire and tools Remove jacking tools and spare tire from the storage area located inside the trunk as illus- trated.

In case of emergency 6-3

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SCE0053

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Jacking up vehicle and removing the damaged tire Carefully read the caution label attached to the jack body and the following instruc- tions.

1. Place the jack directly under the jack-up point as illustrated above so that top of the jack contacts the vehicle at the jack up point. Align the jack head between the two notches in the front or the rear as shown. Also fit the groove of the jack head between the notches as shown.

6-4 In case of emergency

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I Never jack up the vehicle more than

necessary.

I Never use blocks on or under the

jack.

I Do not start or run engine while ve- hicle is on the jack, as it may cause the vehicle to move. This is especially true for vehicles with limited slid dif- ferential carriers.

I Do not allow passengers to stay in

the vehicle while it is on the jack.

The jack should be used on level firm ground.

2. Loosen each wheel nut one or two turns by turning counterclockwise with the wheel nut wrench. Do not remove the wheel nuts until the tire is off the ground. 3. Carefully raise the vehicle until

the tire clears the ground. To lift the vehicle, se- curely hold the jack lever and rod with both hands as shown above. Remove the wheel nuts, and then remove the tire.

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I Never get under the vehicle while it is

supported only by the jack.

I Use only the jack provided with your vehicle. Do not use the jack provided with your vehicle on other vehicles. The jack is designed only for lifting your vehicle during a tire change.

I Use the correct jack up points; never use any other part of the vehicle for jack support.

In case of emergency 6-5

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has been run for 600 miles (1,000 km) after installing the aluminum wheel.

I Incorrect wheel nuts or improperly tightened wheel nuts can cause the wheel to become loose or come off. This could cause an accident.

I Do not use oil or grease on the wheel studs or nuts. This could cause the nuts to become loose.

As soon as possible tighten the wheel nuts to the specified torque with a torque wrench.

Wheel nut tightening torque:

72 to 87 ft-lb (98 to 118 N(cid:215) m)

Adjust tire pressure to the COLD pressure.

COLD pressure: After vehicle has been parked for three hours or more or driven less than 1 mile (1.6 km). COLD tire pressures are shown on the tire placard affixed to the center console lid. Retighten the wheel nuts when the vehicle

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Installing the spare tire 1. Clean any mud or dirt

from the surface

between the wheel and hub.

2. Carefully put the wheel on and tighten the

wheel nuts finger tight.

3. With the wheel nut wrench, tighten wheel nuts alternately and evenly until they are tight.

4. Lower

the vehicle slowly until

the tire touches the ground. Then, with the wheel nut wrench, tighten the wheel nuts securely in the sequence as illustrated.

6-6 In case of emergency

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JUMP STARTING

gency use. See “Tires and wheels” in the “8. Do-it-yourself” section.

To start your engine with a booster battery, the instructions and precautions below must be followed.

I If done incorrectly, jump starting can lead to a battery explosion, resulting in severe injury or death. It could also damage your vehicle.

I Explosive hydrogen gas is always present in the vicinity of the battery. Keep all sparks and flames away from the battery.

I Do not allow battery fluid to come into contact with eyes, skin, cloth or painted surfaces. Battery fluid is a corrosive sulphuric acid solution which can cause severe burns. If the fluid should come into contact with anything, immediately flush the con- tacted area with water.

I Keep battery out of the reach of chil-

dren.

I The booster battery must be rated at 12 volts. Use of an improperly rated battery can damage your vehicle.

In case of emergency 6-7

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SCE0040

Stowing the damaged tire and tools Securely store the spare tire and jacking equipment in the vehicle.

I Always make sure that the spare tire and jacking equipment are properly secured after use. Such items can become dangerous projectiles in an accident or sudden stop.

I The T-type spare tire and small size spare tire are designed for emer-

I Whenever working on or near a bat- tery, always wear suitable eye protec- tors (for example, goggles or indus- trial safety spectacles) and remove rings, metal bands, or any other jew- elry. Do not lean over the battery when jump starting.

I Do not attempt to jump start a frozen battery. It could explode and cause serious injury.

I Your vehicle has an automatic engine cooling fan. It could come on at any time. Keep hands and other objects away from it.

6-8 In case of emergency

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the N (Neutral) position (On automatic transmission models, move the selector lever to the P (Park) position). Switch off all unnecessary electrical (light, heater, air conditioner, etc.).

systems

3. Remove vent caps on the battery (if so equipped). Cover the battery with an old cloth to reduce explosion hazard.

4. Connect jumper cables in the sequence as

illustrated.

Always follow the instructions below. Failure to do so could result in damage to the charging system and cause per- sonal injury.

1. If the booster battery is in another vehicle, position the two vehicles to bring their bat- teries into close proximity to each other. Do not allow the two vehicles to touch.

2. Apply parking brake. Move the shift lever to

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7. After starting your engine, carefully discon- nect the negative cable and then the posi- tive cable.

8. Replace the vent caps (if so equipped). Be sure to dispose of the cloth used to cover the vent holes as it may be contaminated with corrosive acid.

PUSH STARTING

I Automatic transmission models can- not be push started. This may cause transmission damage.

I Three way catalyst equipped models should not be started by pushing since the three way catalyst may be damaged.

I Never try to start the vehicle by tow- ing it; when the engine starts, the forward surge could cause the ve- hicle to collide with the tow vehicle.

I Always connect positive (+) to posi- tive (+) and negative (−) to body ground (for example, strut mounting bolt, etc. — not to the battery).

I Make sure that cables do not touch moving parts in the engine compart- ment and that clamps do not contact any other metal.

5. Start the engine of the other vehicle and let

it run for a few minutes.

6. Keep the engine speed of the other vehicle at about 2,000 rpm, and start your engine in the normal manner.

Do not keep starter motor engaged for more than 10 seconds. If the engine does not start right away, turn the key off and wait 3 to 4 seconds before trying again.

In case of emergency 6-9

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IF YOUR VEHICLE OVERHEATS

I Do not continue to drive if your ve- hicle overheats. Doing so could cause a vehicle fire.

I To avoid the danger of being scalded, never remove the radiator cap while the engine is still hot. When the radia- tor cap is removed, pressurized hot water will spurt out, possibly causing serious injury.

I Do not open the hood if steam is

coming out.

If your vehicle is overheating (indicated by an extremely high temperature gauge reading), or if you feel a lack of engine power, detect abnormal noise, etc., take the following steps: 1. Move the vehicle safely off the road, apply the parking brake and move the shift lever to the N (Neutral) position (automatic trans- mission to the P (Park) position). Do not stop the engine.

2. Turn off the air conditioner switch. Open all the windows, move the heater or air condi- tioner temperature control to maximum hot

6-10 In case of emergency

and fan control to high speed.

3. If engine overheating is caused by climbing a long hill on a hot day, run the engine at a fast idle (approximately 1,500 rpm) until the temperature gauge indication returns to normal.

4. Get out of the vehicle. Look and listen for steam or coolant escaping from the radiator before opening the hood. Wait until no steam or coolant can be seen before pro- ceeding.

5. Open the engine hood.

If steam or water is coming from the engine, stand clear to prevent getting burned.

6. Visually check if the cooling fan is running. The radiator hoses and radiator should not leak water. If coolant is leaking or the cooling fan does not run, stop the engine.

I Be careful not to allow your hands, hair, jewelry or clothing to come into contact with, or to get caught in the cooling fan, or drive belt.

I The fan motor can start at any time when the coolant temperature is high.

7. After the engine cools down, check the coolant level in the reservoir tank with the engine running. Add coolant to the reservoir tank if necessary. Have your vehicle re- paired at the nearest NISSAN dealer.

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TOWING YOUR VEHICLE

When towing your vehicle, all State (Provincial in Canada) and local regulations for towing must be followed. Incorrect towing equipment could damage your vehicle. Towing instruc- tions are available from your NISSAN dealer. Local service operators are generally familiar with the applicable laws and procedures for towing. To assure proper towing and to pre- vent accidental damage to your vehicle, NISSAN recommends having a service opera- tor tow your vehicle. It is advisable to have the service operator carefully read the following precautions.

I Never ride in a vehicle that is being

towed.

I Never get under your vehicle after it

has been lifted by a tow truck.

I When towing, make sure that

the transmission, axles, steering system, and powertrain are in working condi- tion. If any unit is damaged, dollies must be used.

I Always attach safety chains before

towing.

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TOWING RECOMMENDED BY NISSAN NISSAN recommends that your vehicle be towed with the driving (front) wheels off the ground as illustrated.

In case of emergency 6-11

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I Always release the parking brake when towing with the rear wheels on the ground.

I When towing manual

transmission models with the front wheels on the ground (If you do not use a towing dolly): Turn the ignition key to the OFF po- sition, and secure the steering wheel in a straight-ahead position with a rope or similar device. Never place the ignition key in the LOCK position. This will result in damage to the steering lock mechanism. Move the gearshift lever to the N (Neutral) position.

and expensive damage to the trans- mission. If it is necessary to tow the vehicle with the rear wheels raised, always use a towing dollies under the front wheels.

I Never tow an automatic transmission model from the rear (that is, back- ward) with four wheels on the ground as this may cause serious and expen- sive damage to the transmission.

VEHICLE RECOVERY (Freeing a stuck vehicle) I Tow chains or cables must be attached only to the main structural members of the ve- hicle.

I Pulling devices should be routed so they do not touch any part of the suspension, steer- ing, brake or cooling systems.

I Always pull the cable straight out from the front or rear of the vehicle. Never pull on the vehicle at an angle.

I Pulling devices such as ropes or canvas straps are not recommended for use in vehicle towing or recovery.

I Stand clear of an stuck vehicle.

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I Never tow an automatic transmission models with the front wheels on the ground as this may cause serious

6-12 In case of emergency

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Do not spin your tires at high speed. This could cause them to explode and result in serious injury. Parts of your vehicle could also overheat and be damaged.

In case of emergency 6-13

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MEMO

6-14 In case of emergency

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7 Appearance and care

Cleaning exterior ....................................................... 7-2
Washing .................................................................... 7-2
Waxing ...................................................................... 7-2
Removing spots ........................................................ 7-3
Underbody................................................................. 7-3
Glass ......................................................................... 7-3
Aluminum alloy wheels.............................................. 7-4
Chrome parts ............................................................ 7-4
Cleaning interior ........................................................ 7-4

Floor mats ................................................................. 7-4
Seat belts .................................................................. 7-5
Corrosion protection.................................................. 7-5
Most common factors contributing to vehicle corrosion.................................................................... 7-5
Environmental factors influence the rate of corrosion.................................................................... 7-5
To protect your vehicle from corrosion ..................... 7-6

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CLEANING EXTERIOR

MAI0001

In order to maintain the appearance of your vehicle, it is important to take proper care of it.

In the following cases, please wash your ve- hicle as soon as possible to protect the paint surface. I After a rainfall to prevent possible damage

from acid rain

I After driving on coastal roads I When contaminants such as soot, bird droppings, tree sap, metal particles or bugs get on the paint surface

I When dust or mud builds up on the surface 7-2 Appearance and care

Whenever possible, store or park your vehicle inside a garage or in a covered area.

When it is necessary to park outside, park in a shady area or protect the vehicle with a body cover. Be careful not to scratch the paint surface when putting on or removing the body cover. WASHING Thoroughly rinse surface dirt off the vehicle with a wet sponge and plenty of clean water. Clean the vehicle thoroughly using a mild soap such as Nissan Car Wash, or a general pur- pose dishwashing liquid mixed with clean, lukewarm (never hot) water.

I Do not use strong household soap, strong chemical detergents, gasoline or solvents.

I Do not wash the vehicle in direct sunlight or while the vehicle body is hot, as the surface may become water-spotted.

I Avoid using tight-napped or rough

cloths, such as washing mitts. Care must be taken when removing caked-on dirt or other foreign sub- stances so that the paint surface is not scratched or damaged.

Rinse the vehicle again with plenty of clean water.

Inside flanges, seams and folds on the doors, hatches and hood are particularly vulnerable to the effects of road salt. Therefore, these areas must be regularly cleaned. Make sure that the drain holes in the lower edge of the door are open. Spray water under the body and in the wheel wells to loosen the dirt and wash away road salt.

Avoid leaving water spots on the paint surface by using a damp chamois to dry the vehicle. WAXING Regular waxing protects the paint surface and helps retain new vehicle appearance. After waxing, polishing is recommended to remove built-up residue and to avoid a weathered appearance. If you wish to wax your vehicle, only use a wax specified for use over clear coats, such as Nissan Liquid or Spray Wax. Your Nissan

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dealer can assist you in choosing the proper product. I Wax your vehicle only after a thorough washing. Follow the instructions supplied with the wax.

I Do not use a wax containing any abrasives, cutting compounds or cleaners that may damage the vehicle finish.

I If the surface does not polish easily, use a

road tar remover and wax again.

Machine compounding or aggressive pol- ishing on a base coat/clear coat paint finish may dull the finish or leave swirl marks. REMOVING SPOTS Remove tar and oil spots, industrial dust, in- sects, and tree sap as quickly as possible from the surface of the paint to avoid lasting dam- age or staining. Special cleaning products are available at your NISSAN dealer or any auto- motive accessory store. UNDERBODY In areas where road salt is used in winter, the underbody must be cleaned regularly. This will prevent dirt and salt from building up and causing underbody and suspension corrosion. Before the winter period and again in the

spring, the underseal must be checked and, if necessary, re-treated.

SAI0014A

GLASS When cleaning the rear window, it may be easier to clean if the high-mounted stop light is removed first. Be careful when removing the high-mounted stop light to reduce the risk of damaging the high-mounted stop light wires. The high-mounted stop light must be properly reinstalled before driving your vehicle. Use glass cleaner to remove smoke and dust film from the glass surfaces. It is normal for glass to become coated with a film after the vehicle is parked in the hot sun. Glass cleaner Appearance and care 7-3

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pedal operation. Mats should be maintained with regular cleaning and replaced if they become excessively worn.

and a soft cloth will easily remove this film.

When cleaning the inside of the window, do not use sharp-edged tools, abrasive cleaners or chlorine based disinfectant cleaners. They could damage the rear window defogger.

ALUMINUM ALLOY WHEELS Wash regularly, especially during winter months in areas where road salt is used. Salt could discolor the wheel if not removed. CHROME PARTS Clean all chrome parts regularly with a non- abrasive chrome polish to maintain the finish.

CLEANING INTERIOR

Occasionally remove loose dust from the inte- rior trim, plastic parts and seats using a vacuum cleaner or soft brush. Wipe the vinyl and leather surfaces with a clean, soft cloth dampened in mild soap solution, then wipe clean with a dry soft cloth. Before using any fabric protector, read the manufacturer’s rec- ommendations. Some fabric protectors con- tain chemicals that may stain or bleach the seat material.

I Never use benzine, thinner, or any

similar material.

I The leather seats should be regularly coated with a leather wax like saddle soap. Never use car wax.

I Never use fabric protectors unless recommended by the manufacturer.

FLOOR MATS The use of Genuine Nissan floor mats can extend the life of your vehicle carpet and make it easier to clean the interior. No matter what mats are used, be sure they are fitted for your vehicle and are properly positioned in the footwell to prevent interference with

7-4 Appearance and care

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SEAT BELTS The seat belts can be cleaned by wiping them with a sponge dampened in a mild soap solu- tion. Allow the belts to dry completely before using them.

Do not allow wet belts to roll up in the retractor. NEVER use bleach, dye, or chemical solvents since these may se- verely weaken the seat belt webbing.

CORROSION PROTECTION

MOST COMMON FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO VEHICLE CORROSION: I The accumulation of moisture-retaining dirt and debris in body panel sections, cavities, and other areas.

I Damage to paint and other protective coat- ings caused by gravel and stone chips or minor traffic accidents.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCE THE RATE OF CORROSION: Moisture Accumulation of sand, dirt and water on the vehicle body underside can accelerate corro- sion. Wet floor coverings will not dry com- pletely inside the vehicle, and should be re- moved for drying to avoid floor panel corrosion. Relative humidity Corrosion will be accelerated in areas of high relative humidity, especially those areas where the temperatures stay above freezing and where atmospheric pollution exists and road salt is used.

Appearance and care 7-5

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SAI0012

Floor mat positioning aid (Driver side only) This model includes a front floor mat bracket to act as a floor mat positioning aid. NISSAN floor mats have been specially designed for your vehicle model. The driver’s side floor mat has a grommet hole incorporated in it. Simply position the mat by placing the floor mat bracket through the floor mat grommet hole while centering the mat in the floorpan contour. Periodically check to make certain that the mats are properly positioned.

Temperature A temperature increase will accelerate the rate of corrosion to those parts which are not well ventilated. Air pollution Industrial pollution, the presence of salt in the air in coastal areas, or heavy road salt use will accelerate the corrosion process. Road salt will also accelerate the disintegration of paint surfaces. TO PROTECT YOUR VEHICLE FROM CORROSION: I Wash and wax your vehicle often to keep

the vehicle clean.

I Always check for minor damage to the paint

and repair it as soon as possible.

I Keep drain holes at the bottom of the doors

open to avoid water accumulation.

I Check the underbody for accumulation of sand, dirt or salt. If present, wash with water as soon as possible.

I NEVER remove dirt, sand or other debris from the passenger compart- ment by washing it out with a hose. Remove dirt with a vacuum cleaner or broom.

I Never allow water or other liquids to come in contact with electronic com- ponents inside the vehicle as this may damage them.

Chemicals used for road surface de-icing are extremely corrosive. They accelerate corro- sion and deterioration of underbody compo- nents such as the exhaust system, fuel and brake lines, brake cables, floor pan and fend- ers. In winter, the underbody must be cleaned periodically.

For additional protection against rust and cor- rosion, which may be required in some areas, consult your local NISSAN dealer.

7-6 Appearance and care

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8 Do-it-yourself

Maintenance precautions .......................................... 8-2
Engine compartment check locations ....................... 8-4
Engine cooling system .............................................. 8-5
Checking engine coolant level .................................. 8-5
Changing engine coolant .......................................... 8-6
Engine oil .................................................................. 8-7
Checking engine oil level .......................................... 8-7
Changing engine oil .................................................. 8-8
Changing engine oil filter .......................................... 8-9
Automatic transmission fluid ................................... 8-10
Temperature conditions for checking...................... 8-10
Power steering fluid ................................................ 8-11
Brake and clutch fluid ............................................. 8-12
Window washer fluid ............................................... 8-12
Battery ..................................................................... 8-13
Drive belts ............................................................... 8-15
Spark plugs ............................................................. 8-15
Replacing spark plugs............................................. 8-16
Air cleaner ............................................................... 8-17

Windshield wiper blades ......................................... 8-18
Cleaning .................................................................. 8-18
Replacement ........................................................... 8-19
Parking brake and brake pedal............................... 8-20
Checking parking brake .......................................... 8-20
Checking brake pedal ............................................. 8-20
Brake booster.......................................................... 8-21
Clutch pedal ............................................................ 8-21
Fuses....................................................................... 8-21
Engine compartment ............................................... 8-22
Passenger compartment ......................................... 8-23
Lights....................................................................... 8-24
Headlights ............................................................... 8-25
Exterior and interior lights ....................................... 8-26
Tires and wheels..................................................... 8-31
Tire pressure ........................................................... 8-31
Types of tires .......................................................... 8-32
Tire chains............................................................... 8-33
Changing tires and wheels...................................... 8-33

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MAINTENANCE PRECAUTIONS

When performing any inspection or mainte- nance work on your vehicle, always take care to prevent serious accidental injury to yourself or damage to the vehicle. The following are general precautions which should be closely observed.

I Park the vehicle on a level surface, apply the parking brake securely and block the wheels to prevent the ve- hicle from moving. For a manual transmission, move the shift lever to N (Neutral) position. For an automatic transmission, move the selector lever to P (Park) position.

I Be sure the ignition key is OFF or LOCK when performing any parts re- placement or repairs.

I Your vehicle is equipped with an au- tomatic engine cooling fan. It may come on at any time without warning, even if the ignition key is in the OFF position and the engine is not run- ning. To avoid injury, always discon- nect the negative battery cable before working near the fan.

8-2 Do-it-yourself

I If you must work with the engine running, keep your hands, clothing, hair and tools away from moving fans, belts and any other moving parts.

I It is advisable to remove necktie and any jewelry, such as rings, watches, etc. before working on your vehicle. I Always wear eye protection when-

ever you work on your vehicle.

I If you must run the engine in an enclosed space such as a garage, be sure there is proper ventilation for exhaust gases.

I Never get under the vehicle while it is supported only by a jack. If it is nec- essary to work under the vehicle, support it with safety stands.

I Keep smoking materials, flame and sparks away from fuel and the bat- tery.

I On gasoline engine models with the Multiport Fuel Injection (MFI) System, the fuel filter or fuel lines should be serviced by a NISSAN dealer because

the fuel lines are under high pressure even when the engine is off.

I Do not work under the hood while the engine is hot. Turn off the engine and wait until it cools down.

I Never connect or disconnect either the battery or any transistorized com- ponent connector while the ignition key is on.

I Never leave the engine or the auto- matic transmission related compo- nent harness connector discon- nected while the ignition key is on.

I Avoid direct contact with used engine oil. Improperly disposed motor oil and/or other vehicle fluids can hurt the environment. Always conform to local regulations for disposal of ve- hicle fluid.

This “8. Do-it-yourself” section gives instruc- tions regarding only those items which are relatively easy for an owner to perform.

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You should be aware that incomplete or im- proper servicing may result in operating diffi- culties or excessive emissions, and could af- fect your warranty coverage. If in doubt about any servicing, have it done by your NISSAN dealer.

Do-it-yourself 8-3

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ENGINE COMPARTMENT CHECK LOCATIONS

8-4 Do-it-yourself

SDI0495A

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ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM

The engine cooling system is filled at the factory with a high-quality, year-round, anti- freeze coolant solution. The anti-freeze solu- tion contains rust and corrosion inhibitors, therefore additional cooling system additives are not necessary.

When adding or replacing coolant, be sure to use only a genuine NISSAN anti- freeze coolant or equivalent with the proper mixture ratio of 50% anti-freeze and 50% demineralized water/distilled water. The use of other types of coolant solutions may damage your engine cooling system.

Outside temperature

down to

°C

−35

°F

−30

Anti- freeze

Deminer-

alized water/ distilled water

50%

50%

I Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could be caused by high pressure fluid escaping from the radiator. Wait until the engine and radiator cool down.

I See “If your vehicle overheats” in the

“6. In case of emergency” section.

I The radiator is equipped with a pres- sure cap. Use only a genuine cap as a replacement.

SDI0747

CHECKING ENGINE COOLANT LEVEL Check the coolant level in the reservoir tank when the engine is cold. If the coolant level is below MIN, add coolant up to the MAX level. If the reservoir tank is empty, check the coolant level in the radiator when the engine is cold. If there is insufficient coolant in the radiator, fill the radiator with coolant up to the filler opening and also add it to the reservoir tank up to the MAX level. If the engine cooling system frequently requires coolant, have it checked by your NISSAN dealer.

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I Improper servicing can result in reduced heater performance and engine overheat- ing.

I To avoid the danger of being scalded, never change the coolant when the engine is hot.

I Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could be caused by high pressure fluid escaping from the radiator.

1. Open the radiator cap and drain plug.

2. Open the drain plug on the engine block.

3. Flush the cooling system by running fresh

water through the radiator.

4. Close the radiator drain plug and the drain

plug on the engine block securely.

5. See

and

“Capacities

recommended fuel/lubricants” in the “10. Technical and consumer information” section for cooling system capacity. Fill the radiator slowly with the proper mixture of coolant and water. Fill the reservoir tank up to the MAX level. Then install the radiator cap.

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SDI0114

CHANGING ENGINE COOLANT I Major cooling system repairs should be performed by your NISSAN dealer. The service procedures can be found in the appropriate NISSAN Service Manual.

8-6 Do-it-yourself

6. Start the engine, and warm it up until the radiator fan operates. Then race the engine two or three times under no load. Watch the coolant temperature gauge for signs of overheating.

7. Stop the engine. After it completely cools the radiator up to the filler down, refill opening. Fill the reservoir tank up to the MAX level.

8. Check the radiator drain plug and the drain plug on the engine block for any sign of leakage.

ENGINE OIL

SDI0138

SDI0115

CHECKING ENGINE OIL LEVEL 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and

apply parking brake. 2. Run the engine until

temperature.

it reaches operating

3. Turn off the engine. Wait more than 10
minutes for the oil to drain back into the oil pan.

4. Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean.

Reinsert it all the way.

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Oil level should be checked regularly. Operating with insufficient amount of oil can damage the engine, and such dam- age is not covered by warranty.

SDI0534

5. Remove the dipstick again and check the oil level. It should be between the H and L marks. If the oil level is below the L mark, remove the oil filler cap and pour recom- mended oil through the opening. Do not overfill.

6. Recheck oil level with dipstick. It is normal to add some oil between oil maintenance intervals or during the break-in period, depending on the severity of operating conditions.

8-8 Do-it-yourself

SDI0139

CHANGING ENGINE OIL 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and

apply the parking brake.

2. Run the engine until

temperature.

it reaches operating

3. Turn the engine off and wait more than 10

minutes.

4. Place a large drain pan under the drain

plug.

5. Remove the oil filler cap.

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6. Remove the drain plug with a wrench and

completely drain the oil.

If oil filter is to be changed, remove and replace it at this time. See later in “Engine oil” for changing engine oil filter.

Be careful not to burn yourself, as the engine oil is hot.

Waste oil must be disposed of properly. Check your local regulations.

7. Clean and re-install the drain plug and new washer. Securely tighten the drain plug with a wrench. Drain plug tightening torque:

22 to 29 ft-lb (29 to 39 N(cid:215) m)

Do not use excessive force.

8. Refill engine with recommended oil and

“Capacities

install the cap securely. recommended See fuel/lubricants” in the “10. Technical and consumer information” section for drain and refill capacity. The drain and refill capacity

and

depends on the oil temperature and drain time. Use these specifications for reference only. Always use the dipstick to determine when the proper amount of oil is in the engine.

9. Start the engine.

Check for leakage around the drain plug. Correct as required.

10.Turn the engine off and wait more than 10
level with the dip-

minutes. Check the oil stick. Add engine oil if necessary.

11.Dispose of waste oil in the proper manner.

I Prolonged and repeated contact with used engine oil may cause skin can- cer.

I Try to avoid direct skin contact with used oil. If skin contact is made, wash thoroughly with soap or hand cleaner as soon as possible.

I Keep used engine oil out of reach of

children.

SDI0140

CHANGING ENGINE OIL FILTER 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and

apply the parking brake.

2. Turn the engine off. 3. Loosen the oil filter with an oil filter wrench. (Depending on the engine model, a special cap type wrench may be required. See your NISSAN dealer if in doubt.) Remove the oil filter by turning it by hand.

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Be careful not to burn yourself, as the engine oil may be hot.

4. Wipe the engine oil filter mounting surface

with a clean rag. Be sure to remove any old rubber gasket remaining on the mounting surface of the engine.

5. Coat the rubber gasket on the new filter

with clean engine oil.

6. Screw in the oil filter until a slight resistance is felt, then tighten additionally more than 2/3 turn. Oil filter tightening torque:

10.85 to 15.19 ft-lb (14.7 to 20.6 N(cid:215) m)

7. Start

the engine and check for leakage

around the oil filter. Correct as required.

8. Turn the engine off and wait several min- utes. Check the oil level. Add engine oil if necessary.

8-10 Do-it-yourself

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUID

SDI0748

I When engine is running, keep hands, jewelry and clothing away from any moving parts such as cooling fan and drive belt.

I Automatic transmission fluid is poi- sonous and should be stored care- fully in marked containers out of the reach of children.

TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS FOR CHECKING I The fluid level should be checked using the HOT range on the dipstick after the follow- ing conditions have been met: a) the engine should be warmed up to

operating temperature.

b) the vehicle should be driven at least 5

minutes.

c) the automatic transmission fluid should be warmed to between 122 and 176°F (50 and 80°C).

I The fluid can be checked at fluid tempera- tures of 86 to 122°F (30 to 50°C) using the COLD range on the dipstick after the en- gine is warmed up and before driving. How- ever, the fluid should be re-checked using the HOT range.

1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and set

the parking brake.

2. Start the engine and then move the selector lever through each gear range. Move the selector lever to P (Park) position after you have moved it through all ranges.

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POWER STEERING FLUID

I Do not overfill. I Use only NISSAN Matic D (Continen- tal US and Alaska) or genuine auto- matic transmission fluid (Canada). DexronTMIII/MerconTM or equivalent may also be used. Outside the conti- nental US and Alaska contact a NISSAN dealer for more information regarding suitable fluids, including recommended brand(s) of DexronTM III/MerconTM automatic transmission fluid.

NOTE:

If the vehicle has been driven for a long time at high speeds, or in city traffic in hot weather, or if it is being used to pull a trailer, the accurate fluid level cannot be read. You should wait until the fluid has cooled down (about 30 minutes).

SDI0496

3. Check the fluid level with the engine idling. 4. Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean with

lint-free paper.

5. Reinsert the dipstick into the charging pipe

as far as it will go.

6. Remove the dipstick and note the reading. If the level is at the low side of either range, add fluid to the charging pipe.

SDI0118

Check the fluid level in the reservoir tank. The fluid level should be checked using the HOT range at fluid temperatures of 122 to 176°F (50 to 80°C) or using the COLD range at fluid temperatures of 32 to 86°F (0 to 30°C).

I Do not overfill. I Use type DEXRONTMIII or equivalent.

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Z 01.1.22/A32-D/V5.0 X

BRAKE AND CLUTCH FLUID

WINDOW WASHER FLUID

ability.

Do not spill the fluid on painted sur- faces. This will damage the paint. If fluid is spilled, wash with water.

SDI0119

Check the fluid level in the reservoir. If the fluid is below the MIN line or the brake warning light comes on, add DOT 3 fluid up to the MAX line. If fluid must be added frequently, the system should be thoroughly checked by your NISSAN dealer.

Use only new fluid. Old, inferior, or con- taminated fluid may damage the brake and clutch systems. The use of im- proper fluids can damage the brake sys- tem and affect the vehicle’s stopping

8-12 Do-it-yourself

SDI0189

Type A: Add fluid when the low washer fluid warning light comes on. Add a washer solvent to the water for better cleaning. In the winter season, add a windshield washer anti-freeze. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the mixture ratio.

Z 01.1.22/A32-D/V5.0 X

Anti-freeze is poisonous and should be stored carefully in marked containers out of the reach of children.

Do not substitute engine anti-freeze coolant for window washer solution. This may result in damage to the paint.

SDI0497

Type B: To check the fluid level, use your finger to plug the center hole of the cap (as shown above), then remove it from the tank. If there is no fluid in the tube, add fluid. Add a washer solvent to the water for better cleaning. In the winter season, add a windshield washer anti-freeze. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the mixture ratio.

BATTERY

I Keep the battery surface clean and dry. Any corrosion should be washed off with a solution of baking soda and water.

I Make certain the terminal connections are

clean and securely tightened.

I If the vehicle is not to be used for 30 days or longer, disconnect the (—) negative battery terminal cable to prevent discharge.

I Do not expose the battery to flames or electrical sparks. Hydrogen gas generated by battery action is explo- sive. Do not allow battery fluid to contact your skin, eyes, fabrics, or painted surfaces. After touching a battery or battery cap, do not touch or rub your eyes. Thoroughly wash your hands. If the acid contacts your eyes, skin or clothing, immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

I When working on or near a battery, always wear suitable eye protection and remove all jewelry.

I Keep the battery out of the reach of Do-it-yourself 8-13

Z 01.1.22/A32-D/V5.0 X

children.

If jump starting is necessary, see “Jump start- ing” the “6. In case of emergency” section. If the engine does not start by jump starting, the battery may have to be replaced. Contact your NISSAN dealer.

DI0137M

Check the fluid level in each cell. It should be between the MAX and MIN lines. If it is necessary to add fluid, add only distilled water to bring the level to the indicator in each filler opening. Do not overfill. 1. Remove the cell plugs. 2. Add distilled water up to the MAX level. 3. Tighten cell plugs.

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Z 01.1.22/A32-D/V5.0 X

DRIVE BELTS

SPARK PLUGS

Be sure the engine and ignition switch are off and that the parking brake is engaged securely.

Be sure to use the correct wrench to remove the plugs. An incorrect wrench can cause damage.

SDI0141

Be sure the ignition key is OFF. The engine could rotate unexpectedly.

1. Visually inspect each belt for signs of un- usual wear, cuts, fraying, oil adhesion or looseness. If the belt is in poor condition or loose, have it replaced or adjusted by your NISSAN dealer.

2. Have the belts checked regularly for condi- tion and tension in accordance with the maintenance schedule in this manual.

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Z 01.1.22/A32-D/V5.0 X

SDI0122

SDI0123

REPLACING SPARK PLUGS 1. Remove the rocker cover ornament using a

suitable hexagon wrench. (Front side)

2. Disconnect the electrical connectors.

3. Loosen the ignition coil fixing bolts. And remove the ignition coil to give access to the spark plugs.

4. Remove the spark plugs with a spark plug

wrench.

The plug wrench has a rubber seal that holds the spark plug so that it will not fall when it is pulled out. Make sure that each

8-16 Do-it-yourself

spark plug is snugly fitted into the plug wrench.

5. Fit the new plugs, one at a time, into the spark plug wrench and install them. Turn each plug in several full turns by hand, then tighten with a spark plug wrench to the correct torque. Do not overtighten. Spark plug tightening torque:

14 to 22 ft-lb (20 to 29 N(cid:215) m)

6. Holding the ignition coil, re-connect each to its proper spark plug by

ignition coil pushing it on until you feel a snap.

7. Tighten all ignition coils.

Z 01.1.22/A32-D/V5.0 X

AIR CLEANER

SDI0498

SDI0145

SDI0121

Platinum-tipped spark plugs It is not necessary to replace the platinum- tipped spark plugs as frequently as the con- ventional type spark plugs since they will last much longer. Follow the maintenance sched- ule but, do not reuse them by cleaning or regapping. Always platinum-tipped spark plugs.

replace with

recommended

The filter element should not be cleaned and reused. Replace it according to the mainte- nance intervals. See “Periodic maintenance schedules” in the “9. Maintenance” section for maintenance intervals. When replacing the filter, wipe the inside of the air cleaner housing and the cover with a damp cloth.

I Operating the engine with the air cleaner off can cause you or others to be burned. The air cleaner not only cleans the air, it stops flame if the

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engine backfires. If it is not there, and the engine backfires, you could be burned. Do not drive with it off, and be careful working on the engine with the air cleaner off.

I Never pour fuel into the throttle body or attempt to start the engine with the air cleaner removed. Doing so could result in serious injury.

WINDSHIELD WIPER BLADES

CLEANING If your windshield is not clear after using the windshield washer or if a wiper blade chatters when running, wax or other material may be on the blade or windshield. the windshield with a Clean the outside of washer solution or a mild detergent. Your windshield is clean if beads do not form when rinsing with clear water. Clean the blade by wiping it with a cloth soaked in a washer solution or a mild deter- gent. Then rinse the blade with clear water. If your windshield is still not clear after cleaning the blades and using the wiper, replace the blades.

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REPLACEMENT 1. Pull the wiper arm. 2. Push the lock pin, then remove the wiper

blade.

3. Insert the new wiper blade to the wiper arm

until a click sounds.

DI1018M

After wiper blade replacement, return the wiper arm to its original position.

Otherwise it may be damaged when the engine hood is opened.

Make sure the wiper blade contacts the glass, otherwise the arm may be dam- aged from wind pressure.

SDI0146

If you wax the surface of the hood, be careful not to let wax get into the washer nozzle. This may cause clogging or im- proper windshield washer operation. If wax gets into the nozzle, remove it with a needle or small pin.

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PARKING BRAKE AND BRAKE PEDAL

See your NISSAN dealer and have it checked if the brake pedal height does not return to normal.

Brake pad wear indicators The disc brake pads on your vehicle have audible wear indicators. When a brake pad requires replacement, it will make a high pitched scraping or screeching sound when the vehicle is in motion whether or not the brake pedal is depressed. Have the brakes checked as soon as possible if the wear indi- cator sound is heard. Under some driving or climate conditions, oc- casional brake squeak, squeal or other noise may be heard. Occasional brake noise during light to moderate stops is normal and does not affect the function or performance of the brake system. Proper brake inspection intervals should be followed. For additional information, see “Periodic maintenance schedules” in the “9. Maintenance” section for maintenance inter- vals.

SDI0125

DI1020MD

CHECKING PARKING BRAKE From the released position, pull the parking brake lever up slowly and firmly. If the number of clicks is out of the range listed above, see your NISSAN dealer.

CHECKING BRAKE PEDAL With the engine running, check the distance between the upper surface of the pedal and the metal floor. If it is out of the range shown above, see your NISSAN dealer. Self-adjusting brakes Your vehicle is equipped with self-adjusting brakes. The disc-type brakes self-adjust every time the brake pedal is applied.

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CLUTCH PEDAL

FUSES

Never use a fuse of higher amperage rating than that specified on the fuse box cover. This could damage the elec- trical system or cause a fire.

DI1021MC

Press the pedal by hand and be sure the free travel is within the limits shown above. If free travel too much, see your NISSAN dealer.

is too little or

BRAKE BOOSTER Check the brake booster function as follows: 1. With the engine off, press and release the times. When brake brake pedal several pedal movement (distance of travel) re- mains the same from one pedal application to the next, continue on to the next step.

2. While depressing the brake pedal, start the engine. The pedal height should drop a little.

3. With the brake pedal depressed, stop the engine. Keeping the pedal depressed for about 30 seconds, the pedal height should not change.

4. Run the engine for one minute without depressing the brake pedal, then turn it off. Depress the brake pedal several times. The pedal travel distance will decrease gradu- ally with each depression as the vacuum is released from the booster.

If the brakes do not operate properly, see your NISSAN dealer.

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system checked and repaired by your NISSAN dealer.

SDI0126

ENGINE COMPARTMENT If any electrical equipment does not operate, check for an open fuse.

1. Be sure the ignition key and headlight

switch are OFF.

2. Open the engine hood.

3. Remove the fusible link cover.

4. Remove the fuse with the fuse puller.

5. If the fuse is open, replace it with a new

fuse.

6. If a new fuse also opens, have the electrical 8-22 Do-it-yourself

SDI0128

Fusible links If any electrical equipment does not operate and fuses are in good condition, check the fusible links. If any of these fusible links are melted, replace only with genuine NISSAN parts.

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SDI0335

PASSENGER COMPARTMENT If any electrical equipment does not operate, check for an open fuse. 1. Be sure the ignition key and the headlight

switch are OFF.

2. Pull to open the fuse box lid. 3. Remove the fuse with the fuse puller. 4. If the fuse is open, replace it with a new

fuse.

5. If a new fuse also opens, have the electrical system checked and repaired by your NISSAN dealer.

Do-it-yourself 8-23

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LIGHTS

8-24 Do-it-yourself

SDI0735

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HEADLIGHTS The headlight is a semi-sealed beam type which uses a replaceable headlight (halogen) bulb. A bulb can be replaced from inside the engine compartment without removing the headlight assembly.

High pressure halogen gas is sealed inside the halogen bulb. The bulb may break if the glass envelope is scratched or the bulb is dropped.

Hold the plastic base when handling the bulb. Never touch the glass envelope.

Replacing the headlight bulb 1. Disconnect the battery negative cable. 2. Disconnect

the electrical connector from

the rear end of the bulb.

3. Turn the bulb retaining ring counterclock- wise until it is free from the headlight reflec- tor, then remove it.

4. Remove the headlight bulb. Do not shake

or rotate the bulb when removing it.

5. Insert the bulb into the headlight reflector with the flat side of the plastic base facing upward.

6. Install the bulb retaining ring and turn it

clockwise until it stops.

7. Push the electrical connector into the bulb

plastic base until it snaps and stops.

8. Connect the battery negative cable. Aiming is not necessary after replacing the bulb. When aiming adjustment is necessary, con- tact your NISSAN dealer.

SDI0129

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I Do not touch the bulb. I Use the same number and wattage as

originally installed: Wattage 65/45
Bulb no. 9004

I Do not leave the bulb out of the head- light reflector for a long period of time as dust, moisture, and smoke may enter the headlight body and affect the performance of the headlight.

EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR LIGHTS

Item

Wattage (W)

Bulb No.

Clearance

Front turn signal light

Front side marker light

Front fog light (if so equipped)

Rear combination light

Turn signal

Stop/Tail

Back-up

Side marker light

License plate light

High-mounted stop light (if so equipped)

Interior light

Front personal light

Step light

Trunk light

Vanity mirror light (if so equipped)

27/8

27

3.8

55

27

27/8

18

3.8

18

10

10

2.7

3.4

1.4

1157

1156

194

1156

1157

921

194

921

161

158

—

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MDI0006

Replacement procedures All other lights are either type A, B, C or D. When replacing a bulb, first remove the lens and/or cover.

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8-28 Do-it-yourself

SDI0131A

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SDI0736

SDI0737

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8-30 Do-it-yourself

SDI0784

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TIRES AND WHEELS

SDI0333A

DI1033M

If you have a flat tire, see “Flat tire” in the “6. In case of emergency” section. TIRE PRESSURE Maximum inflation pressure Do not exceed the maximum inflation pres- sures shown on the side wall of the tire. Tire inflation pressure Periodically check the tire pressure (including spare). Incorrect tire pressure may adversely affect tire life and vehicle handling. Tire pres- sure should be checked when tires are COLD. Tires are considered COLD after the vehicle has been parked for 3 or more hours, or driven Do-it-yourself 8-31

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SDI0756

less than 1 mile (1.6 km). COLD tire pressures are shown on the tire placard affixed to the center console lid.

ing faster than 85 MPH (140 km/h) may result in tire failure, loss of con- trol and possible injury.

I Improperly inflated tires can fail sud-

denly and cause an accident.

I The vehicle capacity weight is indi- cated on the tire placard. Do not load your vehicle beyond this capacity. Overloading your vehicle may result in reduced tire life, unsafe operating conditions due to premature tire fail- ure, or unfavorable handling charac- teristics and could also lead to a serious accident. Loading beyond the specified capacity may also result in failure of other vehicle components. I Before taking a long trip, or whenever you have loaded your vehicle heavily, use a tire pressure gauge to ensure that the tire pressure is at the speci- fied level.

I Do not drive your vehicle over 85
MPH (140 km/h) unless it is equipped with high speed capability tires. Driv-

8-32 Do-it-yourself

TYPES OF TIRES

When changing or replacing tires, be sure all four tires are of the same type (i.e., summer, all season or snow) and construction. Your NISSAN dealer may be able to help you with information about tire type, size, speed rating and availability. Replacement tires may have a lower speed rating than the factory equipped tires, and may not match the potential maximum vehicle speed. Never exceed the maximum speed rating of the tire.

All season tires NISSAN specifies all season tires on some models to provide good performance for use all year around, including snowy and icy road conditions. All season tires are identified by ALL SEASON and/or M&S on the tire sidewall.

Snow tires have better snow traction than all season tires and may be more appropriate in some areas. Summer tires NISSAN specifies summer tires on some mod- els to provide superior performance on dry roads. Summer tire performance in snow and ice will be substantially reduced. Summer tires do not have the tire traction rating M&S on the tire sidewall. If you operate your vehicle in snowy or icy conditions, NISSAN recommends the use of snow or all season tires on all four wheels. Snow tires If snow tires are needed, it is necessary to select tires equivalent in size and load rating to the original equipment tires. If you do not, it can adversely affect the safety and handling of your vehicle. Generally, snow tires will have lower speed ratings than factory equipped tires and may not match the potential maximum vehicle speed. Never exceed the maximum speed rating of the tire. If you operate your vehicle in snowy or icy conditions, NISSAN recommends the use of snow or all season tires on all four wheels.

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For additional traction on icy roads, studded tires may be used. However, some provinces and states prohibit their use. Check local, state and provincial laws before installing studded tires. Skid and traction capabilities of studded snow tires, on wet or dry surfaces, may be poorer than that of non-studded snow tires. TIRE CHAINS Use of tire chains may be prohibited according to location. Check the local laws before install- ing tire chains. When installing tire chains, make sure they are of proper size for the tires