2006 Ford F 150 Owners Manual

Standard 35.7 gallons (135.1L) Optional Fill to between MIN and MAX lines on reservoir 2.0 quarts (1.9L)2

4x4 vehicles

5–speed manual

3.75 quarts (3.5L)

Automatic 4R70E and 4R75E

13.9 quarts (13.2L)4

4x4 vehicles

3.7 pints (2.0L)

313

Power steering fluid

Motorcraft MERCON威 ATF

All

Transfer case fluid Transmission fluid3

Front axle

Motorcraft MERCON威 ATF Motorcraft MERCON威 ATF Motorcraft MERCON威V ATF Motorcraft SAE 80W-90
Premium Rear Axle Lubricant

2006 F-150 (f12) Owners Guide (post-2002-fmt) USA (fus)

Maintenance and Specifications

Application

Capacity

8.8/9.75 inch axle

5.5 pints (2.6L)6

10.25 inch axle

6.9 pints (3.3L)7

All

4.25 quarts (4.0L)

Fluid

Rear axle5

Windshield washer fluid

Ford Part Name Motorcraft SAE 75W-140 Rear Axle Lubricant (synthetic) Motorcraft Premium Windshield Washer Concentrate

1Add the coolant type originally equipped in your vehicle. 2Service refill capacity is determined by filling the transfer case to the bottom of the filler hole with the vehicle on a level surface. 3Ensure the correct automatic transmission fluid is used. Transmission fluid requirements are indicated on the dipstick or on the dipstick handle. Check the container to verify the fluid being added is of the correct type. Refer to your scheduled maintenance information to determine the correct service interval. Some transmission fluids may be labeled as dual usage, such as MERCON威 and MERCON威 V. These dual usage fluids are not to be used in an automatic transmission that requires use of the MERCON威 type fluid. However, these dual usage fluids may be used in transmissions that require the MERCON威 V type fluid. MERCON威 and MERCON威 V type fluids are not interchangeable. DO NOT mix MERCON威 and MERCON威 V. Use of a transmission fluid that indicates dual usage (MERCON威 and MERCON威 V) in an automatic transmission application requiring MERCON威 may cause transmission damage. Use of any fluid other than the recommended fluid may cause transmission damage. 4Approximate dry fill capacity including transmission fluid cooling system, actual refill capacities will vary based on vehicle application and transmission fluid cooling system (i.e. coolers size, cooling lines, auxiliary cooler capacities). The amount of transmission fluid and fluid level should be set by the indication on the dipstick’s normal operating range.

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Maintenance and Specifications

5Your vehicle’s rear axle is filled with a synthetic rear axle lubricant and is considered lubricated for life. These lubricants do not need to be checked or changed unless a leak is suspected, service is required or the axle assembly has been submerged in water. The axle lubricant should be changed any time the rear axle has been submerged in water. 6Service refill capacity is determined by filling the axle to 1/4-9/16 inch (6-14 mm) below the bottom of the filler hole with the vehicle on a level surface. Add 4 oz. (118 ml) of Additive Friction Modifier XL–3 or equivalent meeting Ford specification EST-M2C118–A, for complete fill of 8.8 inch and 9.75 inch Traction-Lok axles. 7Service refill capacity is determined by filling the axle to the bottom of the filler hole with the vehicle on a level surface. For 10.25 inch Traction-Lok axles, use 6.5 pints (3.1L) of Motorcraft SAE 75W-140 Synthetic Rear Axle Lubricant and 8 oz. (236 ml) of Additive Friction Modifier XL–3 or equivalent meeting Ford Specification EST-M2C118-A. 8Use of synthetic or synthetic blend motor oil is not mandatory. Engine oil need only meet the requirements of Ford specification WSS-M2C930-A and the API Certification mark.

LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS

Item

Front axle

(4X4)

Rear axle

Ford part name or equivalent

Motorcraft SAE

80W-90

Premium Rear Axle Lubricant Motorcraft SAE 75W-140 Rear Axle Lubricant (synthetic)1

Ford part number

Ford

specification

XY-80W-90-QL

WSP-M2C197-A

XY-75W140-QL

WSL-M2C192-A

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Maintenance and Specifications

Item

Brake fluid and

clutch fluid

Ford part name or equivalent

Motorcraft High

Performance DOT 3 Motor Vehicle Brake

Fluid

Ford part number

Ford

specification

ESA-M6C25-A

PM-1 or PM-1-C

or

WSS-M6C62-A

Motorcraft

VC-7-A (except CA,

Engine coolant

Cooling system stop leak pellets

Engine oil

Seat tracks

Hinges, latches, striker plates, fuel filler door hinge and door

check arm

Lock cylinders

Premium Gold Engine Coolant (yellow-colored)

Motorcraft

Cooling System

Stop Leak

Pellets

Motorcraft SAE 5W-20 Premium Synthetic Blend Motor Oil (US) Motorcraft SAE

5W-20 Super

Premium Motor

Oil (Canada) Multi-Purpose

Grease

Motorcraft

Silicone Brake Caliper Grease and Dielectric

Compound Motorcraft

Penetrating and Lock Lubricant

OR and NM),

WSS-

VC-7-B (CA, OR and

M97B51-A1

NM)

VC-6

WSS-M99B37-B6

XO-5W20-QSP (US) CXO-5W20-LSP12

(Canada)

WSS-M2C930-A

and API

Certification

Mark

XG-4 or XL-5

ESB-M1C93-B

XG-3-A

ESE-M1C171-A

XL-1

none

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Item

Transmission

/steering/parking brake linkages

and pivots, brake and clutch pedal

shaft (if equipped)

Power steering fluid, transfer case fluid (4X4)

and manual transmission

fluid

Automatic transmission (4R70E and

4R75E)

Windshield washer fluid

Maintenance and Specifications

Ford part name or equivalent

Premium Long-Life Grease

Ford part number

Ford

specification

XG-1-C

ESA-M1C75-B

Motorcraft

MERCON威 ATF

XT-2-QDX

MERCON威

Motorcraft MERCON威V

ATF2

Motorcraft Premium Windshield

Washer

Concentrate

XT-5-QM

MERCON威V

ZC-32-A

WSB-M8B16-A2

1Use Additive Friction Modifier XL-3 or equivalent for complete refill of Traction-Lok axles. 2Ensure the correct automatic transmission fluid is used. Transmission fluid requirements are indicated on the dipstick or on the dipstick handle. Check the container to verify the fluid being added is of the correct type. Refer to your scheduled maintenance information to determine the correct service interval. Some transmission fluids may be labeled as dual usage, such as MERCON威 and MERCON威 V. These dual usage fluids are not to be used in an automatic transmission that requires use of the MERCON威 type fluid.

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Maintenance and Specifications

MERCON威 and MERCON威 V type fluids are not interchangeable. DO NOT mix MERCON威 and MERCON威 V. Use of a transmission fluid that indicates dual usage (MERCON威 and MERCON威 V) in an automatic transmission application requiring MERCON威 may cause transmission damage. Use of any fluid other than the recommended fluid may cause transmission damage.

ENGINE DATA Engine Cubic inches

Required fuel

4.2L V6 engine 4.6L V8 engine 5.4L V8 engine 256
87 octane

281
87 octane

330
87 octane or Ethanol (E 85)2
1-3-7-2-6-5-4-8
Coil on plug 0.040–0.050 inch (1.02–1.28mm)1
9.85:1

Firing order Ignition system EDIS

1-4-2-5-3-6

Spark plug gap

0.052–0.056 inch (1.32–1.42mm) 9.3:1

1-3-7-2-6-5-4-8
Coil on plug 0.052–0.056 inch (1.32–1.42mm) 9.37:1

Compression ratio 1The 5.4L 3V spark plug gap can’t be adjusted. 25.4L 3V FFV engines only.

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Maintenance and Specifications

VEHICLE DIMENSIONS

Vehicle dimensions

(1) Overall length (2) Overall width (3) Overall height – 4x2/4x4
(4) Wheelbase – 4x2/4x4
(5) Track - Front (5) Track - Rear

Regular Cab

Styleside 6.5’ box - inches (mm) 211.2 (5364)

Flareside 6.5’ box - inches (mm) 211.2 (5364)

Styleside 8.0’ box - inches (mm) 229.8 (5837)

78.9 (2005)

78.9 (2005)

78.9 (2005)

73.7 (1872) / 75.6 (1921)

73.8 (1875) / 75.6 (1921)

73.8 (1875) / 75.6 (1921)

126.0 (3198) / 126.0 (3198) 67.0 (1701)

126.0 (3198) / 126.0 (3198) 67.0 (1701)

144.5 (3671) / 144.5 (3671) 67.0 (1701)

67.0 (1701)

67.0 (1701)

67.0 (1701)

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Maintenance and Specifications

SuperCab

Styleside 5.5’ box - inches (mm)

217.8 (5532)

Styleside / Flareside 6.5’ box - inches (mm) 229.8 (5837)

Styleside 8.0’ box - inches (mm)

248.4 (6309)

78.9 (2005)

78.9 (2005)

78.9 (2005)

74.1 (1881) / 76.5 (1943)

73.5 (1866) / 75.6 (1919)

73.4 (1865) / 75.4 (1916)

132.5 (3366) / 132.5 (3366) 67.0 (1701)

144.5 (3671) / 144.5 (3671) 67.0 (1701)

163.1 (4143) / 163.1 (4143) 67.0 (1701)

67.0 (1701)

67.0 (1701)

67.0 (1701)

Vehicle dimensions

(1) Overall length (2) Overall width (3) Overall height – 4x2/4x4
(4) Wheelbase – 4x2/4x4
(5) Track - Front (5) Track - Rear

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Maintenance and Specifications

Super Crew

Vehicle dimensions

Styleside 5.5’ box -

Styleside 6.5’ box -

(1) Overall length (2) Overall width (3) Overall height – 4x2/4x4

inches (mm) 223.8 (5685) 78.9 (2005)

inches (mm) 235.8 (5990) 78.9 (2005)

73.5 (1867) /

76.0 (1931)

73.5 (1867) /

76.0 (1931)

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Maintenance and Specifications

Vehicle dimensions

Styleside 5.5’ box -

Styleside 6.5’ box -

Super Crew

(4) Wheelbase (5) Track - Front (5) Track - Rear

inches (mm) 138.5 (3518) 67.0 (1701) 67.0 (1701)

inches (mm) 150.5 (3823 ) 67.0 (1701) 67.0 (1701)

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Maintenance and Specifications

IDENTIFYING YOUR VEHICLE

Safety Compliance Certification Label The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Regulations require that a Safety Compliance Certification Label be affixed to a vehicle and prescribe where the Safety Compliance Certification Label may be located. The Safety Compliance Certification Label is located on the structure (B-Pillar) by the trailing edge of the driver’s door or the edge of the driver’s door.

Vehicle identification number (VIN) The vehicle identification number is located on the driver side instrument panel. Please note that in the graphic, XXXX is representative of your vehicle identification number.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

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Maintenance and Specifications

The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) contains the following information: 1. World manufacturer identifier 2. Brake system / Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) / Restraint System 3. Vehicle line, series, body type 4. Engine type 5. Check digit 6. Model year 7. Assembly plant 8. Production sequence number

TRANSMISSION/TRANSAXLE CODE DESIGNATIONS You can find a transmission/transaxle code on the Safety Compliance Certification Label. The following table tells you which transmission or transaxle each code represents.

Description Four-speed automatic (4R70E) Four-speed automatic (4R75E) Five-speed manual (M5R2)

324

Code

2006 F-150 (f12) Owners Guide (post-2002-fmt) USA (fus)

Accessories

GENUINE FORD ACCESSORIES FOR YOUR VEHICLE A wide selection of Genuine Ford Accessories are available for your vehicle through your local Ford or Ford of Canada dealer. These quality accessories have been specifically engineered to fulfill your automotive needs; they are custom designed to complement the style and aerodynamic appearance of your vehicle. In addition, each accessory is made from high quality materials and meets or exceeds Ford’s rigorous engineering and safety specifications. Ford Motor Company will repair or replace any properly dealer-installed Genuine Ford Accessories found to be defective in factory-supplied materials or workmanship during the warranty period, as well as any component damaged by the defective accessory. The accessories will be warranted for whichever provides you the greatest benefit: • 12 months or 12,000 miles (20,000 km) (whichever occurs first), or • the remainder of your new vehicle limited warranty. This means that Genuine Ford Accessories purchased along with your new vehicle and installed by a dealer are covered for the full length of your New Vehicle’s Limited Warranty — 3 years or 36,000 miles (60,000
km) (whichever occurs first). Contact your dealer for details and a copy of the warranty. Not all accessories are available for all models. The following is a list of several Genuine Ford Accessories. Not all accessories are available for all models. For a complete listing of the accessories that are available for your vehicle, please contact your dealer or visit our online store at: www.fordaccessoriesstore.com.

Exterior style Bug shields Deflectors Running boards Sliding rear windows - manual and power Splash guards Step bars Tonneau covers Wheels

Interior style Electrochromatic compass/temperature interior mirrors Floor mats Speed control

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Accessories

Lifestyle Bedliners and bedmats Cargo organization and management Rear seat entertainment systems Towing mirrors Trailer hitches, wiring harnesses and accessories

Peace of mind Mobile-Ease娂 hands free communication system Remote start Vehicle security systems For maximum vehicle performance, keep the following information in mind when adding accessories or equipment to your vehicle: • When adding accessories, equipment, passengers and luggage to your vehicle, do not exceed the total weight capacity of the vehicle or of the front or rear axle (GVWR or GAWR as indicated on the Safety Compliance Certification label). Consult your authorized dealer for specific weight information.

• The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and Canadian Radio Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) regulate the use of mobile communications systems — such as two-way radios, telephones and theft alarms - that are equipped with radio transmitters. Any such equipment installed in your vehicle should comply with FCC or CRTC regulations and should be installed only by a qualified service technician.

• Mobile communications systems may harm the operation of your

vehicle, particularly if they are not properly designed for automotive use. • To avoid interference with other vehicle functions, such as anti-lock braking systems, amateur radio users who install radios and antennas onto their vehicle should not locate the Amateur Radio Antennas in the area of the driver’s side hood. • Electrical or electronic accessories or components that are added to

the vehicle by the authorized dealer or the owner may adversely affect battery performance and durability.

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Index

acid, treating emergencies .....283
jumping a disabled battery ....250
maintenance-free ....................283
replacement, specifications ...311
servicing ..................................283
Bed extender ..............................96
BeltMinder威 ...............................134

deactivating/activating the BeltMinder威 ............................136
Brakes ........................................204
anti-lock ...................................205
anti-lock brake system (ABS) warning light ...........................205
fluid, checking and adding ....303
fluid, refill capacities ..............312
fluid, specifications .........315, 318
lubricant specifications ..315, 318
parking ....................................206
shift interlock ..................209–210
Bulbs ............................................62

Capacities for refilling fluids ....312
Cell phone use ..............................9
Changing a tire .........................243
Child safety restraints ..............147
child safety belts ....................147
Child safety seats ......................151
attaching with tether straps ..158
in front seat ....................152, 155
in rear seat ..............152, 155, 158

Cleaning your vehicle

engine compartment ..............265
instrument panel ....................267
interior .....................................269
interior trim ............................269
plastic parts ............................266
safety belts ..............................269

327

Accessory delay ..........................74
Air cleaner filter ...............309–311
Air conditioning ....................50, 53
Airbag supplemental restraint system ................................138–139
and child safety seats ............141
description ..............................139
disposal ....................................143
driver airbag ....................139, 142
indicator light .........................143
operation .........................139, 142
passenger airbag .............139, 142
Ambulance packages ....................8
Antifreeze (see Engine coolant) ................285
Anti-lock brake system (see Brakes) ..............................205
Anti-theft system ......................109
arming the system ..................110
Armrests ....................................115
Audio system (see Radio) ................22, 24, 30, 35
Automatic transmission

driving an automatic overdrive .................................212
fluid, adding ............................304
fluid, checking ........................304
fluid, refill capacities ..............312
fluid, specification ..................318

Axle

lubricant specifications ..315, 318
refill capacities ........................312
traction lok ..............................208

Battery .......................................283

2006 F-150 (f12) Owners Guide (post-2002-fmt) USA (fus)

Utilizing the Mediation/Arbitration Program ...................................259

Daytime running lamps (see Lamps) ................................58
Dipstick

automatic transmission fluid ..........................................304
engine oil .................................279

Doors

lubricant specifications ..........315

Driveline universal joint and slip yoke ....................................309
Driving under special conditions ..................215, 224, 228
sand .........................................226
snow and ice ...........................229
through water .................227, 230
DVD system .................................46

Electronic message center .........87
Emergencies, roadside

jump-starting ..........................250
Emergency Flashers .................235
Emission control system ..........300
Engine ................................318–319
cleaning ...................................265
coolant .....................................285
fail-safe cooling .......................289
idle speed control ...................283
lubrication specifications ..................315, 318
refill capacities ........................312
service points ..................275–277

Index

washing ....................................263
waxing .....................................264
wheels ......................................264
wiper blades ............................267

Climate control (see Air conditioning or Heating) ...........................47, 50, 53
Clock adjust

6-CD in dash .............................37
AM/FM Stereo ...........................23
AM/FM/CD .................................26
AM/FM/Tape/CD .......................32

Clutch

fluid ..........................................303
operation while driving ..........215
recommended shift speeds ....216
Compass, electronic ..............85, 87
calibration .................................87
set zone adjustment ...........87–88
Console ........................................68
overhead ....................................69

Controls

power seat ...............................115
steering column ........................79

Coolant

checking and adding ..............285
refill capacities ................288, 312
specifications ..................315, 318

Cruise control (see Speed control) ....................77
Customer Assistance ................233
Ford Extended Service Plan ..260
Getting assistance outside the U.S. and Canada .....................260
Getting roadside assistance ...233
Getting the service you need .........................................256
Ordering additional owner’s literature .................................261

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Index

octane rating ...........296, 318–319
quality ......................................296
running out of fuel .................297
safety information relating to automotive fuels .....................291

Fuel - flex fuel vehicle (FFV) .........................291, 295–296
Fuel pump shut-off switch .......235
Fuses ..................................236–237

Gas cap (see Fuel cap) ............294
Gas mileage (see Fuel economy) .................297
Gauges .........................................19

Hazard flashers .........................235
Head restraints .................113, 117
Headlamps ...................................57
aiming ........................................59
autolamp system .......................57
bulb specifications ....................62
daytime running lights .............58
flash to pass ..............................58
high beam .................................58
replacing bulbs .........................63
turning on and off ....................57

Heating

heater only system ...................47
heating and air conditioning system ...........................48, 50, 53

Homelink wireless control system ..........................................81
Hood ..........................................274

Ignition .......................200, 318–319

329

starting after a collision .........235
Engine block heater .................204
Engine oil ..................................279
checking and adding ..............279
dipstick ....................................279
filter, specifications ........282, 311
recommendations ...................282
refill capacities ........................312
specifications ..................315, 318
Exhaust fumes ..........................204

Fail safe cooling ........................289
Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) ....291
Floor mats ...................................95
Fluid capacities .........................312
Foglamps .....................................58
Four-Wheel Drive vehicles .......219
driving off road .......................223
electronic shift ................221–222
indicator light .........................219
lever operated shift ................220
preparing to drive your vehicle .....................................209
Fuel ............................................291

calculating fuel economy ............................90, 297
cap ...........................................294
capacity ...................................312
choosing the right fuel ...........295
comparisons with EPA fuel economy estimates .................300
detergent in fuel .....................295
filling your vehicle with fuel ...........................291, 294, 297
filter, specifications ........290, 311
fuel pump shut-off switch .....235
improving fuel economy ........297

2006 F-150 (f12) Owners Guide (post-2002-fmt) USA (fus)

Lane change indicator (see Turn signal) ........................60
Lights, warning and indicator ....12
anti-lock brakes (ABS) ..........205
Load limits .................................180
Loading instructions .................186
Locks

autolock ...................................106
childproof ..................................99
doors ..........................................98
Lubricant specifications ...315, 318
Lug nuts ....................................249
Lumbar support, seats .............115

Manual transmission .................215
reverse .....................................217
Message center ...........................87
english/metric button ...............91
system check button ................91
warning messages .....................92
Mirrors .........................................75

automatic dimming rearview mirror ........................................74
fold away ...................................75
heated ........................................76
programmable memory ..........101
side view mirrors (power) .......75
.........................................76
signal Moon roof ....................................80
Motorcraft parts ........271, 290, 311

Octane rating ............................296
Oil (see Engine oil) ..................279
Parking brake ............................206

Index

Illuminated visor mirror .............68
Infant seats (see Safety seats) 151
Inspection/maintenance (I/M) testing ........................................302
Instrument panel

cleaning ...................................267
cluster ........................................12
lighting up panel and interior .......................................59

Jack ............................................243
positioning ...............................243
storage .....................................243
Jump-starting your vehicle ......250

Keyless entry system ...............108
autolock ...................................106
keypad .....................................108
locking and unlocking doors ..109
programming entry code .......108
Keys .....................................98, 111
positions of the ignition .........200

Lamps

autolamp system .......................57
bulb replacement specifications chart ..................62
daytime running light ...............58
fog lamps ...................................58
headlamps .................................57
headlamps, flash to pass ..........58
instrument panel, dimming .....59
interior lamps .....................61–62
replacing bulbs ...................63, 66

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Index

Safety restraints .......119, 122, 124, 126, 128–132
BeltMinder威 ............................134
BeltMinder威, deactivating/activating ...........136
extension assembly ................132
for adults .........124, 126, 128–130
for children .............................147
lap belt ....................................127
Occupant Classification Sensor ......................................120
safety belt maintenance .........133
warning light and chime ........133
Safety seats for children ..........151
Safety Compliance Certification Label ....................323
Satellite Radio Information ........43
Seat belts (see Safety restraints) .............119
Seats ..........................................113
child safety seats ....................151
cleaning ...................................270
heated ................................53, 117
memory seat ...................101, 117

SecuriLock passive anti-theft system ................................109, 111
Servicing your vehicle ..............273
Setting the clock

AM/FM stereo ...........................23
AM/FM/CD .................................26
AM/FM/In-dash 6 CD ................37
AM/FM/Tape/CD .......................32
Snowplowing .................7, 230–231
Spark plugs, specifications .............311, 318–319
Special notice

ambulance conversions ..............8
four-wheel drive vehicles .......232

331

Parts (see Motorcraft parts) ....311
Passenger Occupant Classification Sensor .................120
Power distribution box (see Fuses) ...............................237
Power door locks ........................98
Power mirrors .............................75
Power point .................................71
Power steering ..........................208
fluid, checking and adding ....303
fluid, refill capacity ................312
fluid, specifications .........315, 318
Power Windows ...........................72
Preparing to drive your vehicle ........................................209

Radio ..........................22, 24, 30, 35
Relays ........................................236
Remote entry system .........99–100
illuminated entry ....................104
locking/unlocking doors ................................100–101
panic alarm .............................101
replacement/additional transmitters .............................103
replacing the batteries ...........102
Reverse sensing system ...........217
Roadside assistance ..................233

Safety Belt Maintenance ..........133
Safety belts (see Safety restraints) .........119, 122, 124, 126, 128–130, 132
Safety defects, reporting ..........262

2006 F-150 (f12) Owners Guide (post-2002-fmt) USA (fus)

Traction control ........................207
Traction-lok rear axle ...............208
Transfer case

fluid checking .........................308
Transmission .............................209

brake-shift interlock (BSI) ................................209–210
fluid, checking and adding (automatic) .............................304
fluid, checking and adding (manual) .................................307
fluid, refill capacities ..............312
lubricant specifications ..315, 318
manual operation ....................215
..................................60

Turn signal

Vehicle dimensions ...........319, 323
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) ..........................................323
Vehicle loading ..........................180
Ventilating your vehicle ...........204

Warning lights (see Lights) .......12
Washer fluid ..............................278
Water, Driving through .............230
Windows

power .........................................72
power down back window .......73

Windshield washer fluid and wipers ..........................................67
checking and adding fluid .....278
replacing wiper blades ...........278

Index

utility-type vehicles ....................8

Specification chart, lubricants ...........................315, 318
Speed control ..............................77
Starting a flex fuel vehicle .......203
Starting your vehicle ........................200–201, 203
jump starting ..........................250

Steering wheel

controls ......................................79
tilting .........................................67

Tailgate ..................................95–96
Temperature control (see Climate control) .................47
Tilt steering wheel ......................67
Tires ...........................166–168, 243
alignment ................................174
care ..........................................171
changing ..........................243, 246
checking the pressure ............171
inflating ...................................169
label .........................................179
replacing ..................................172
rotating ....................................174
safety practices .......................173
sidewall information ...............175
snow tires and chains ............180
spare tire .................................243
terminology .............................168
tire grades ...............................167
treadwear ........................167, 171
Towing .......................................186
recreational towing .................198
trailer towing ..........................186

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