2011 Cadillac CTS Owners Manual

Passenger Compartment Air

Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7

A. Display B. Fan C. Power D. AUTO E. PASS (Passenger Climate

Control)

F. Defrost G. Air Delivery Mode H. Temperature and Heated/

Ventilated Seat Air Conditioning

I. J. Recirculation

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Climate Controls

K. Outside Air L. Rear Window Defogger

Automatic Operation AUTO (Automatic): The system automatically controls fan speed, air delivery, and air conditioning in order to heat or cool the vehicle to the desired temperature. When the indicator light is on, the system is in full automatic operation. If the air delivery mode or fan setting is manually adjusted, the auto indicator turns off and displays will show the selected settings. 1. Press the AUTO button. 2. Adjust the temperature to a comfortable setting between 21°C (70°F) and 27°C (80°F). Choosing the coldest or warmest temperature setting will not cause the system to heat or cool any faster.

To avoid blowing cold air in cold weather, the system delays turning on the fan until warm air is available. The system starts out blowing air at the floor, but can automatically change modes as the vehicle warms up to maintain the chosen temperature setting. The length of time needed for warm up depends on the outside temperature and the length of time that has elapsed since the vehicle was last driven.

3. Wait for the system to regulate.

This may take from 10 to 30 minutes. Then adjust the temperature, if necessary.

English can be changed to metric units through the Driver Information Center (DIC). See Driver Information Center (DIC) on page 5‑27.

Q / R (Temperature Control): The temperature can be adjusted separately for the driver and the passenger. Press to increase or decrease the automatic temperature settings. PASS (Passenger Climate Control): Press to set a different temperature for the passenger. Then adjust the passenger temperature buttons to a comfortable setting. Pressing the PASS button again automatically sets the passenger's temperature to the driver's setting. Turning the passenger's temperature display off does not shut the passenger's climate control system off.

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Manual Operation O (Power): Press to turn the climate control system on or off. When the climate control system is turned off the air inlet defaults to outside air. D C (Fan Control): Press the buttons to increase or decrease the fan speed. Pressing either button cancels automatic fan control. Press AUTO to return to automatic operation. The blower may reduce during an Onstar® session to limit background noise. If the airflow seems low when the fan speed is at the highest setting, the passenger compartment air filter might need to be replaced. For more information, see Passenger Compartment Air Filter on page 8‑7
and Scheduled Maintenance on page 11‑2.

H G (Air Delivery Mode Control): Press the buttons to change the direction of the airflow. The current mode appears in the display screen. Changing the mode cancels the automatic air delivery. Press AUTO to return to automatic operation. The outboard air outlets always receive some airflow in every mode, except defrost. To change the current mode, select one of the following: Y (Vent): Air is directed to the instrument panel outlets. \ (Bi-Level): Air is divided between the instrument panel outlets and the floor outlets. In automatic operation, cooler air is directed to the upper outlets and warmer air to the floor outlets. [ (Floor): Air is directed to the floor outlets, with some air directed to the windshield and outboard outlets.

Climate Controls

8-3

- (Defog): This mode clears the windows of fog or moisture. Air is directed to the windshield, floor, and side window outlets. When this mode is selected, the system turns off recirculation and runs the air-conditioning compressor unless the outside temperature is at or below freezing. If recirculation is selected while in defog mode, it is cancelled after 10 minutes. 0 (Defrost): This mode clears the windshield of fog or frost more quickly. Air is directed to the windshield, with some air directed to the side windows. In this mode, the system automatically turns off recirculation and runs the air-conditioning compressor, unless the outside temperature is at or below freezing. This mode can also cause the fan speed and air temperature to increase.

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8-4

Climate Controls

# (Air Conditioning): Press to turn the air conditioning system on or off and override the automatic system. When in AUTO, the air conditioning compressor comes on automatically, as needed. The air conditioning system removes moisture from the air, so water might drip under the vehicle while idling or after turning off the engine. This is normal. M (Recirculation): Press to turn on recirculation. An indicator light comes on. Air is recirculated inside the vehicle. It helps to quickly cool the air inside the vehicle or prevent outside air and odors from entering. Press the AUTO button to have the system select the best air delivery mode for the temperature setting. Recirculation is not available in the defrost mode and automatically turns off 10 minutes after defog is selected. This helps to limit window fogging in the vehicle.

Using recirculation for long periods of time could cause the air inside the vehicle to become too dry or stuffy. To prevent this from happening, after the air in the vehicle has cooled, select outside air or press the auto button. F (Outside Air): Press to turn on the outside air. An indicator light turns on. The outside air mode pulls fresh air from outside the vehicle. Outside air is always selected in defrost mode to prevent fogging. Rear Window Defogger The rear window defogger uses a warming grid to remove fog or frost from the rear window. It only works when the ignition is in ON/RUN. = (Rear Window Defogger): Press to turn the rear window defogger on or off.

The rear window defogger stays on for about 15 minutes, before turning off if the vehicle is moving at a slower speed. At higher speeds, the rear window defogger may stay on continuously. With each additional press, the defogger runs for about 10 minutes. The defogger can also be turned off by turning off the engine. The heated outside rearview mirrors turn on when the rear window defogger button is on and helps to clear fog or frost from the surface of the mirrors. See Heated Mirrors on page 2‑29. Notice: Do not try to clear frost or other material from the inside of the front windshield and rear window with a razor blade or anything else that is sharp. This may damage the rear window defogger grid and affect your radio's ability to pick up stations clearly. The repairs wouldn't be covered by your warranty.

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z / { (Heated and Ventilated Seats): Press to heat or ventilate the seat. See Heated and Ventilated Front Seats on page 3‑12. Remote Start Climate Control Operation: For vehicles with remote vehicle start, the climate control system automatically heats and cools the vehicle based on the temperature inside and outside of the vehicle. The climate control displays will be blank. See Remote Vehicle Start on page 2‑12. In cold weather the windshield defroster and/or rear window defogger automatically turn on. If the vehicle has heated seats, they will also turn on. When the ignition is turned to ON/RUN, the climate control system returns to the settings used before the vehicle was last turned off. The heated seats will turn off, if equipped.

Sensors

Climate Controls

8-5

The solar sensor located on the instrument panel, near the windshield, monitors the solar heat.

The interior temperature sensor, located on the instrument panel to the right of the steering wheel, measures the temperature of the air inside the vehicle. The climate control system uses the information from these sensors to adjust the fan speed and the air delivery, in order to maintain the selected temperature. The system may also supply cooler air to the side of the vehicle facing the sun. The recirculation mode will also be activated, as necessary.

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Climate Controls

Do not cover the sensors or the automatic climate control system will not work properly.

Air Quality Sensor For vehicles with an air quality sensor, the climate control system adjusts to limit some exhaust fumes from being pulled inside your vehicle. Press the AUTO button on the climate control to activate the air quality sensor. The recirculation indicator light comes on when poor quality air is detected. The air quality sensor will not maintain recirculation for an extended period to prevent the air inside the vehicle from becoming too dry or stuffy.

Under certain conditions, the air quality sensor will not activate recirculation, such as during cold weather or with odors, like skunk. To limit odors manually, press M until the condition has passed. The air quality sensor system does not protect against carbon monoxide (CO), which you cannot see or smell. See Engine Exhaust on page 9‑25.

Air Vents Use the air outlets located in the center and on the side of the instrument panel to direct the airflow. Use the thumbwheels near the air outlets to open or close off the airflow.

Operation Tips . Clear away any ice, snow,

or leaves from air inlets at the base of the windshield that could block the flow of air into the vehicle.

. Keep the path under the front seats clear of objects to help circulate the air inside of the vehicle more effectively.

. Use of non‐GM approved hood deflectors can adversely affect the performance of the system. Check with your dealer before adding equipment to the outside of the vehicle.

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Maintenance

Passenger Compartment Air Filter The passenger compartment air filter traps most of the dust and pollen from the air entering the vehicle. The filter will need to be changed periodically. See Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 11‑9. Using the climate control system without the passenger air filter installed could let water or other debris enter the system. This could cause a water leak or noises. Make sure a new air filter is installed after removing the old one.

The passenger compartment air filter is located under the hood below the windshield wiper arm and the screen on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for more information on location.

Climate Controls

8-7

To replace the passenger compartment air filter: 1. Turn the ignition to ON/RUN with

the engine off.

2. Turn on the windshield wipers and turn the ignition off again when the wipers are straight up on the windshield. This allows access to the leaf screen. The passenger compartment air filter is located under the screen.

3. Open the hood to access

the engine compartment. See Hood on page 10‑5 for more information.

4. Remove the three screws that

hold the screen in place and lift off the screen by lifting and sliding it toward the center of the vehicle.

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8-8

Climate Controls

5. Pull out on the two tabs located on each end of the filter cover. 6. Lift the filter cover off by pulling

it straight up.

7. Remove the old filter and insert

a new one. See Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 11‑9 for the correct part number for the filter.

8. Reverse Steps 1 through 6 to

reinstall the cover.

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Starting the Engine . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
Retained Accessory

Power (RAP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Engine Coolant Heater . . . . . . . 9-22
Shifting Into Park . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Shifting Out of Park . . . . . . . . . . 9-24
Parking (Manual

Transmission) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24

Parking Over Things

That Burn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25

Engine Exhaust

Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25
Running the Vehicle While

Parked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26

Automatic Transmission

Automatic Transmission . . . . . 9-26
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29

Manual Transmission

Manual Transmission . . . . . . . . 9-31

Drive Systems

All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33

Driving and Operating

9-1

Brakes

Antilock Brake

System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
Parking Brake (Manual) . . . . . . 9-34
Parking Brake (Electric) . . . . . . 9-35
Brake Assist

(Except CTS-V) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-37

Ride Control Systems

Traction Control

System (TCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-38
StabiliTrak® System . . . . . . . . . 9-39
Competitive Driving Mode . . . 9-39
Magnetic Ride Control . . . . . . . 9-40
Limited-Slip Rear Axle . . . . . . . 9-40

Cruise Control

Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-41

Object Detection Systems

Ultrasonic Parking Assist . . . . 9-43
Rear Vision

Camera (RVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-44

Driving and Operating

Driving Information

Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Drunk Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Control of a Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Competitive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Driving on Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Highway Hypnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . 9-8
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
If the Vehicle is Stuck . . . . . . . . 9-11
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . 9-11

Starting and Operating

New Vehicle Break-In . . . . . . . . 9-16
Ignition Positions (Key

Access) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17

Ignition Positions (Keyless

Access) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18

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Driving and Operating

Fuel

Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-47
Recommended Fuel . . . . . . . . . 9-48
Gasoline Specifications

(U.S. and Canada Only) . . . . 9-48

California Fuel

Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-48
Fuels in Foreign Countries . . . 9-49
Fuel Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-49
Filling the Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-50
Filling a Portable Fuel

Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-52

Towing

General Towing

Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-52

Driving Characteristics and

Towing Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-53

Trailer Towing

(Except CTS-V and Coupe) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-57

Trailer Towing

(CTS-V and Coupe) . . . . . . . . 9-58
Towing Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 9-58

Conversions and Add-Ons

Add-On Electrical

Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-59

Driving Information

Defensive Driving Defensive driving means “always expect the unexpected.” The first step in driving defensively is to wear the safety belt. See Safety Belts on page 3‑14.

{ WARNING

Assume that other road users (pedestrians, bicyclists, and other drivers) are going to be careless and make mistakes. Anticipate what they might do and be ready. In addition:

. Allow enough following

distance between you and the driver in front of you.

. Focus on the task of driving.

(Continued)

WARNING (Continued)

Driver distraction can cause collisions resulting in injury or possible death. These simple defensive driving techniques could save your life.

Drunk Driving

{ WARNING Drinking and then driving is very dangerous. Your reflexes, perceptions, attentiveness, and judgment can be affected by even a small amount of alcohol. You can have a serious — or even fatal — collision if you drive after drinking. Do not drink and drive or ride with a driver who has been drinking. Ride home in a cab; or if you are with a group, designate a driver who will not drink.

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Death and injury associated with drinking and driving is a global tragedy. Alcohol affects four things that anyone needs to drive a vehicle: judgment, muscular coordination, vision, and attentiveness. Police records show that almost 40 percent of all motor vehicle-related deaths involve alcohol. In most cases, these deaths are the result of someone who was drinking and driving. In recent years, more than 17,000 annual motor vehicle-related deaths have been associated with the use of alcohol, with about 250,000 people injured. For persons under 21, it is against the law in every U.S. state to drink alcohol. There are good medical, psychological, and developmental reasons for these laws. The obvious way to eliminate the leading highway safety problem is for people never to drink alcohol and then drive.

Medical research shows that alcohol in a person's system can make crash injuries worse, especially injuries to the brain, spinal cord, or heart. This means that when anyone who has been drinking — driver or passenger — is in a crash, that person's chance of being killed or permanently disabled is higher than if the person had not been drinking.

Control of a Vehicle The following three systems help to control the vehicle while driving — brakes, steering, and accelerator. At times, as when driving on snow or ice, it is easy to ask more of those control systems than the tires and road can provide. Meaning, you can lose control of the vehicle. See Traction Control System (TCS) on page 9‑38. Adding non‐dealer accessories can affect vehicle performance. See Accessories and Modifications on page 10‑3.

Driving and Operating

9-3

Braking See Brake System Warning Light on page 5‑22. Braking action involves perception time and reaction time. Deciding to push the brake pedal is perception time. Actually doing it is reaction time. Average reaction time is about three‐fourths of a second. But that is only an average. It might be less with one driver and as long as two or three seconds or more with another. Age, physical condition, alertness, coordination, and eyesight all play a part. So do alcohol, drugs, and frustration. But even in three‐fourths of a second, a vehicle moving at 100 km/h (60 mph) travels 20 m (66 ft). That could be a lot of distance in an emergency, so keeping enough space between the vehicle and others is important.

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9-4

Driving and Operating

And, of course, actual stopping distances vary greatly with the surface of the road, whether it is pavement or gravel; the condition of the road, whether it is wet, dry, or icy; tire tread; the condition of the brakes; the weight of the vehicle; and the amount of brake force applied. Avoid needless heavy braking. Some people drive in spurts — heavy acceleration followed by heavy braking — rather than keeping pace with traffic. This is a mistake. The brakes might not have time to cool between hard stops. The brakes will wear out much faster with a lot of heavy braking. Keeping pace with the traffic and allowing realistic following distances eliminates a lot of unnecessary braking. That means better braking and longer brake life.

If the engine ever stops while the vehicle is being driven, brake normally but do not pump the brakes. If the brakes are pumped, the pedal could get harder to push down. If the engine stops, there will still be some power brake assist but it will be used when the brake is applied. Once the power assist is used up, it can take longer to stop and the brake pedal will be harder to push. Adding non‐dealer accessories can affect vehicle performance. See Accessories and Modifications on page 10‑3.

Steering

Power Steering If power steering assist is lost because the engine stops or the power steering system is not functioning, the vehicle can be steered but it will take more effort.

Speed Variable Assist Steering The vehicle has a steering system that varies the amount of effort required to steer the vehicle in relation to the speed of the vehicle. The amount of steering effort required is less at slower speeds to make the vehicle more maneuverable and easier to park. At faster speeds, the steering effort increases to provide a sport-like feel to the steering. This provides maximum control and stability. If the vehicle seems harder to steer than normal when parking or driving slowly, there may be a problem with the system. You will still have power steering, but steering will be stiffer than normal at slow speeds. See your dealer for service.

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Driving and Operating

9-5

Steering Tips It is important to take curves at a reasonable speed. Traction in a curve depends on the condition of the tires and the road surface, the angle at which the curve is banked, and vehicle speed. While in a curve, speed is the one factor that can be controlled. If there is a need to reduce speed, do it before entering the curve, while the front wheels are straight. Try to adjust the speed so you can drive through the curve. Maintain a reasonable, steady speed. Wait to accelerate until out of the curve, and then accelerate gently into the straightaway.

Steering in Emergencies There are times when steering can be more effective than braking. For example, you come over a hill and find a truck stopped in your lane, or a car suddenly pulls out from nowhere, or a child darts out from between parked cars and stops right in front of you. These problems can be avoided by braking — if you can stop in time. But sometimes you cannot stop in time because there is no room. That is the time for evasive action — steering around the problem. The vehicle can perform very well in emergencies like these. First apply the brakes. See Braking on page 9‑3. It is better to remove as much speed as possible from a collision. Then steer around the problem, to the left or right depending on the space available.

An emergency like this requires close attention and a quick decision. If holding the steering wheel at the recommended 9 and 3 o'clock positions, it can be turned a full 180 degrees very quickly without removing either hand. But you have to act fast, steer quickly, and just as quickly straighten the wheel once you have avoided the object. The fact that such emergency situations are always possible is a good reason to practice defensive driving at all times and wear safety belts properly.

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Driving and Operating

Off-Road Recovery The vehicle's right wheels can drop off the edge of a road onto the shoulder while driving.

If the level of the shoulder is only slightly below the pavement, recovery should be fairly easy. Ease off the accelerator and then, if there is nothing in the way, steer so that the vehicle straddles the edge of the pavement. Turn the steering wheel 8 to 13 cm (3 to 5 in), about one-eighth turn, until the right front tire contacts the

pavement edge. Then turn the steering wheel to go straight down the roadway.

Loss of Control Let us review what driving experts say about what happens when the three control systems — brakes, steering, and acceleration — do not have enough friction where the tires meet the road to do what the driver has asked. In any emergency, do not give up. Keep trying to steer and constantly seek an escape route or area of less danger. Skidding In a skid, a driver can lose control of the vehicle. Defensive drivers avoid most skids by taking reasonable care suited to existing conditions, and by not overdriving those conditions. But skids are always possible.

The three types of skids correspond to the vehicle's three control systems. In the braking skid, the wheels are not rolling. In the steering or cornering skid, too much speed or steering in a curve causes tires to slip and lose cornering force. And in the acceleration skid, too much throttle causes the driving wheels to spin. If the vehicle starts to slide, ease your foot off the accelerator pedal and quickly steer the way you want the vehicle to go. If you start steering quickly enough, the vehicle may straighten out. Always be ready for a second skid if it occurs. Of course, traction is reduced when water, snow, ice, gravel, or other material is on the road. For safety, slow down and adjust your driving to these conditions. It is important to slow down on slippery surfaces because stopping distance is longer and vehicle control more limited.

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While driving on a surface with reduced traction, try to avoid sudden steering, acceleration, or braking, including reducing vehicle speed by shifting to a lower gear. Any sudden changes could cause the tires to slide. You might not realize the surface is slippery until the vehicle is skidding. Learn to recognize warning clues — such as enough water, ice, or packed snow on the road to make a mirrored surface — and slow down when you have any doubt. Remember: Antilock brakes help avoid only the braking skid.

Competitive Driving Competitive driving may affect the vehicle warranty. See the warranty book before using the vehicle for competitive driving. Notice: If you use your vehicle for competitive driving, the engine may use more oil than it would with normal use. Low oil levels can damage the engine.

Be sure to check the oil level often during competitive driving and keep the level at or near the upper mark that shows the proper operating range on the engine oil dipstick. For information on how to add oil, see Engine Oil on page 10‑10. CTS‐V Only: For competitive driving, it is recommended that the brake fluid be replaced with a high performance brake fluid that has a dry boiling point greater than 279°C (534°F). After conversion to the high performance brake fluid, follow the brake fluid service recommendations outlined by the fluid manufacturer. Do not use silicone or DOT‐5 brake fluids.

Driving on Wet Roads Rain and wet roads can reduce vehicle traction and affect your ability to stop and accelerate.

Driving and Operating

9-7

Always drive slower in these types of driving conditions and avoid driving through large puddles and deep‐standing or flowing water.

{ WARNING

Wet brakes can cause crashes. They might not work as well in a quick stop and could cause pulling to one side. You could lose control of the vehicle. After driving through a large puddle of water or a car/vehicle wash, lightly apply the brake pedal until the brakes work normally. Flowing or rushing water creates strong forces. Driving through flowing water could cause the vehicle to be carried away. If this happens, you and other vehicle occupants could drown. Do not ignore police warnings and be very cautious about trying to drive through flowing water.

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9-8

Driving and Operating

Hydroplaning Hydroplaning is dangerous. Water can build up under the vehicle's tires so they actually ride on the water. This can happen if the road is wet enough and you are going fast enough. When the vehicle is hydroplaning, it has little or no contact with the road. There is no hard and fast rule about hydroplaning. The best advice is to slow down when the road is wet. Other Rainy Weather Tips Besides slowing down, other wet weather driving tips include: . Allow extra following distance. . Pass with caution. . Keep windshield wiping

equipment in good shape.

. Keep the windshield washer fluid

reservoir filled.

. Have good tires with proper

tread depth. See Tires on page 10‑64. Turn off cruise control.

Highway Hypnosis Always be alert and pay attention to your surroundings while driving. If you become tired or sleepy, find a safe place to park the vehicle and rest. Other driving tips include: . Keep the vehicle well ventilated. . Keep interior temperature cool. . Keep your eyes moving — scan the road ahead and to the sides.

. Check the rearview mirror and

vehicle instruments often.

Hill and Mountain Roads Driving on steep hills or through mountains is different than driving on flat or rolling terrain. Tips for driving in these conditions include: . Keep the vehicle serviced and in

good shape.

. Check all fluid levels and brakes,

tires, cooling system, and transmission.

. Shift to a lower gear when going

down steep or long hills. { WARNING

If you do not shift down, the brakes could get so hot that they would not work well. You would then have poor braking or even none going down a hill. You could crash. Shift down to let the engine assist the brakes on a steep downhill slope.

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{ WARNING

Coasting downhill in N (Neutral) or with the ignition off is dangerous. The brakes will have to do all the work of slowing down and they could get so hot that they would not work well. You would then have poor braking or even none going down a hill. You could crash. Always have the engine running and the vehicle in gear when going downhill.

. Stay in your own lane. Do not swing wide or cut across the center of the road. Drive at speeds that let you stay in your own lane. Top of hills: Be alert — something could be in your lane (stalled car, accident).

. Pay attention to special road

signs (falling rocks area, winding roads, long grades, passing or no-passing zones) and take appropriate action.

Winter Driving

Driving on Snow or Ice Drive carefully when there is snow or ice between the tires and the road, creating less traction or grip. Wet ice can occur at about 0°C (32°F) when freezing rain begins to fall, resulting in even less traction. Avoid driving on wet ice or in freezing rain until roads can be treated with salt or sand. Drive with caution, whatever the condition. Accelerate gently so traction is not lost. Accelerating too quickly causes the wheels to spin and makes the surface under the tires slick, so there is even less traction.

Driving and Operating

9-9

Try not to break the fragile traction. If you accelerate too fast, the drive wheels will spin and polish the surface under the tires even more. The Antilock Brake System (ABS) on page 9‑33 improves vehicle stability during hard stops on slippery roads, but apply the brakes sooner than when on dry pavement. Allow greater following distance on any slippery road and watch for slippery spots. Icy patches can occur on otherwise clear roads in shaded areas. The surface of a curve or an overpass can remain icy when the surrounding roads are clear. Avoid sudden steering maneuvers and braking while on ice. Turn off cruise control, if equipped, on slippery surfaces. Blizzard Conditions Being stuck in snow can be a serious situation. Stay with the vehicle unless there is help nearby.

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9-10

Driving and Operating

If possible, use the Roadside Service (U.S. and Canada) on page 13‑7 or Roadside Service (Mexico) on page 13‑9. To get help and keep everyone in the vehicle safe:

Turn on the hazard warning flashers. Tie a red cloth to an outside mirror.

{ WARNING

Snow can trap engine exhaust under the vehicle. This may cause exhaust gases to get inside. Engine exhaust contains Carbon Monoxide (CO) which cannot be seen or smelled. It can cause unconsciousness and even death.

(Continued)

WARNING (Continued)

WARNING (Continued)

If the vehicle is stuck in the snow: . Clear away snow from around

the base of your vehicle, especially any that is blocking the exhaust pipe.

. Check again from time to

time to be sure snow does not collect there.

. Open a window about 5 cm

(2 in) on the side of the vehicle that is away from the wind to bring in fresh air. . Fully open the air outlets

on or under the instrument panel.

. Adjust the climate control

system to a setting that circulates the air inside the vehicle and set the fan speed to the highest setting. See Climate Control System in the Index.

(Continued)

For more information about carbon monoxide, see Engine Exhaust on page 9‑25. Snow can trap exhaust gases under your vehicle. This can cause deadly CO (Carbon Monoxide) gas to get inside. CO could overcome you and kill you. You cannot see it or smell it, so you might not know it is in your vehicle. Clear away snow from around the base of your vehicle, especially any that is blocking the exhaust.

Run the engine for short periods only as needed to keep warm, but be careful. To save fuel, run the engine for only short periods as needed to warm the vehicle and then shut the engine off and close the window most of the way to save heat.

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Repeat this until help arrives but only when you feel really uncomfortable from the cold. Moving about to keep warm also helps. If it takes some time for help to arrive, now and then when you run the engine, push the accelerator pedal slightly so the engine runs faster than the idle speed. This keeps the battery charged to restart the vehicle and to signal for help with the headlamps. Do this as little as possible to save fuel.

If the Vehicle is Stuck Slowly and cautiously spin the wheels to free the vehicle when stuck in sand, mud, ice, or snow. If stuck too severely for the traction system to free the vehicle, turn the traction system off and use the rocking method.

{ WARNING

If the vehicle's tires spin at high speed, they can explode, and you or others could be injured. The vehicle can overheat, causing an engine compartment fire or other damage. Spin the wheels as little as possible and avoid going above 55 km/h (35 mph).

For information about using tire chains on the vehicle, see Tire Chains on page 10‑86. Rocking the Vehicle to Get it Out Turn the steering wheel left and right to clear the area around the front wheels. Turn off any traction system. Shift back and forth between R (Reverse) and a forward gear, or with a manual transmission, between 1 (First) or 2 (Second) and R (Reverse), spinning the wheels as little as possible. To prevent transmission wear, wait until the

Driving and Operating

9-11

wheels stop spinning before shifting gears. Release the accelerator pedal while shifting, and press lightly on the accelerator pedal when the transmission is in gear. Slowly spinning the wheels in the forward and reverse directions causes a rocking motion that could free the vehicle. If that does not get the vehicle out after a few tries, it might need to be towed out. If the vehicle does need to be towed out, see Towing the Vehicle on page 10‑111.

Vehicle Load Limits It is very important to know how much weight the vehicle can carry. This weight is called the vehicle capacity weight and includes the weight of all occupants, cargo and all nonfactory‐installed options.

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9-12

Driving and Operating

Two labels on the vehicle show how much weight it may properly carry, the Tire and Loading Information label and the Certification label.

{ WARNING

Do not load the vehicle any heavier than the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), or either the maximum front or rear Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). This can cause systems to break and change the way the vehicle handles. This could cause loss of control and a crash. Overloading can also shorten the life of the vehicle.

Tire and Loading Information Label

Label Example

A vehicle specific Tire and Loading Information label is attached to the vehicle's center pillar (B-pillar). With the driver's door open, you will find the label attached near the door lock post. The Tire and Loading Information label shows the number of occupant seating

positions (A), and the maximum vehicle capacity weight (B) in kilograms and pounds. The Tire and Loading Information label also shows the tire size of the original equipment tires (C) and the recommended cold tire inflation pressures (D). For more information on tires and inflation see Tires on page 10‑64 and Tire Pressure on page 10‑72. There is also important loading information on the Certification label. It tells you the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) for the front and rear axle. See “Certification Label” later in this section.

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Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement

“The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs” on your vehicle's placard.

2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.

3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kg or XXX lbs.

4. The resulting figure equals

the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if the “XXX” amount equals 1400 lbs and there will be five 150 lb passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo

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9-13

and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs (1400 − 750
(5 x 150) = 650 lbs).

5. Determine the combined

6.

weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, the load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.

See Trailer Towing (Except CTS-V) on page 9‑57 or Trailer Towing (CTS-V) on page 9‑58
for important information on towing a trailer, towing safety rules and trailering tips.

Example 1

A. Vehicle Capacity Weight for Example 1 = 453 kg (1,000 lbs).

B. Subtract Occupant Weight

@ 68 kg (150 lbs) × 2 = 136 kg (300 lbs).

C. Available Occupant and Cargo Weight = 317 kg (700 lbs).

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Driving and Operating

seating positions. The combined weight of the driver, passengers, and cargo should never exceed the vehicle's capacity weight.

Certification Label

Example 2

Example 3

A. Vehicle Capacity Weight for Example 2 = 453 kg (1,000 lbs).

B. Subtract Occupant Weight

@ 68 kg (150 lbs) × 5 = 340 kg (750 lbs).

C. Available Cargo Weight =

113 kg (250 lbs).

A. Vehicle Capacity Weight for Example 3 = 453 kg (1,000 lbs).

B. Subtract Occupant Weight

@ 91 kg (200 lbs) × 5 = 453 kg (1,000 lbs).

C. Available Cargo Weight =

0 kg (0 lbs).

Refer to the vehicle's Tire and Loading Information label for specific information about the vehicle's capacity weight and

Label Example

A vehicle specific Certification label is attached to either the driver's door edge or the lower center pillar on the driver's side of the vehicle. The label tells the gross weight capacity of the vehicle, called the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR).

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Driving and Operating

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WARNING (Continued)

WARNING (Continued)

. Never stack heavier

things, like suitcases, inside the vehicle so that some of them are above the tops of the seats.

. Do not leave an

unsecured child restraint in the vehicle.

. Secure loose items in the

vehicle.

. Do not leave a seat folded

down unless needed.

cause loss of control and a crash. Overloading can also shorten the life of the vehicle.

{ WARNING

Things inside the vehicle can strike and injure people in a sudden stop or turn, or in a crash.

. Put things in the cargo

area of the vehicle. In the cargo area, put them as far forward as possible. Try to spread the weight evenly.

(Continued)

The GVWR includes the weight of the vehicle, all occupants, fuel, and cargo. Never exceed the GVWR for the vehicle, or the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) for either the front or rear axle. If the vehicle is carrying a heavy load, it should be spread out. See “Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit” earlier in this section.

{ WARNING

Do not load the vehicle any heavier than the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), or either the maximum front or rear Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). This can cause systems to break and change the way the vehicle handles. This could

(Continued)

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Driving and Operating

Starting and Operating

New Vehicle Break-In Follow these recommended guidelines during the first 2 414 km (1,500 miles) of driving this vehicle. Parts have a break-in period and performance will be better in the long run. For the first 2 414 km (1,500 miles): . Avoid full throttle starts and

abrupt stops.

. Do not exceed

4,000 engine rpm.

. Avoid driving at any one

constant speed, fast or slow.

. Avoid downshifting to brake or

slow the vehicle when the engine speed will exceed 4000 rpm.

. Do not let the engine labor. Never lug the engine in high gear at low speeds. With a manual transmission, shift to the next lower gear. This rule applies at all times, not just during the break-in period. . Do not participate in track

events, sport driving schools, or similar activities during this break–in period.

. Check engine oil with every

refueling and add if necessary. Oil and fuel consumption may be higher than normal during the first 2 414 km (1,500 miles). To break in new tires, drive at moderate speeds and avoid hard cornering for the first 322 km (200 miles). New tires do not have maximum traction and may tend to slip. . New brake linings also need

a break–in period. Avoid making hard stops during the first 322 km (200 miles). This is recommended every time brake linings are replaced.

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Ignition Positions (Key Access)

The ignition switch can be turned to four different positions. To shift out of P (Park), the ignition switch must be in ON/RUN or ACC/ACCESSORY and the brake pedal must be applied. Notice: Using a tool to force the key from its cylinder could cause damage or break the key. Use the correct key and turn the key only with your hand. Make sure the

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9-17

In an emergency: 1. Brake using a firm and steady

pressure. Do not pump the brakes repeatedly. This may deplete power assist, requiring increased brake pedal force.

2. Shift the vehicle to neutral. This can be done while the vehicle is moving. After shifting to neutral, firmly apply the brakes and steer the vehicle to a safe location.

3. Come to a complete stop. Shift

to P (Park) with an automatic transmission, or Neutral with a manual transmission. Turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF.

4. Set the parking brake. See Parking Brake (Manual) on page 9‑34 or Parking Brake (Electric) on page 9‑35.

key is all the way in. If it is and you have a manual transmission vehicle, turn the steering wheel left and right while you turn the key hard. If none of this works, then the vehicle needs service. A (STOPPING THE ENGINE/ LOCK/OFF): When the vehicle is stopped, turn the ignition switch to LOCK/OFF to turn the engine off. Retained Accessory Power (RAP) will remain active. See Retained Accessory Power (RAP) on page 9‑22 for more information. This is the only position in which the key can be removed. This position locks the ignition and shifter on automatic transmission vehicles, and the ignition and steering wheel on manual transmission vehicles. Do not turn the engine off when the vehicle is moving. This will cause a loss of power assist in the brake and steering systems and disable the airbags.

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Driving and Operating

D (START): This position starts the engine. When the engine starts, release the key. The ignition switch returns to ON/RUN for driving. A warning tone will sound when the driver door is opened, the ignition is in ACC/ACCESSORY or LOCK/ OFF, and the key is in the ignition.

Ignition Positions (Keyless Access) You can turn the ignition control knob to four different positions. To shift out of P (Park), the ignition must be in ON/RUN or ACC/ACCESSORY and the regular brake pedal must be applied.

The ignition switch can bind in the LOCK/OFF position with the wheels turned off center. If this happens, move the steering wheel from right to left while turning the key to ACC/ ACCESSORY. If this does not work, then the vehicle needs service. B (ACC/ACCESSORY): This position lets you use things like the radio and the windshield wipers when the engine is off. This position allows you to turn off the engine. C (ON/RUN): This position is for driving. It is the position the ignition switch returns to after the engine starts, and the key is released. To shift the transmission out of P (Park), the ignition key has to be in ACC/ACCESSORY or ON/RUN. The battery could be drained if the key is left in the ACC/ACCESSORY or ON/RUN position with the engine off. The vehicle might not start if the battery is allowed to drain for an extended period of time.

Using a tool to force the ignition control knob from its cylinder could damage it. Make sure the keyless access transmitter is inside the vehicle when trying to turn the ignition control knob. A (STOPPING THE ENGINE/ LOCK/OFF): When the vehicle is stopped, turn the ignition switch to LOCK/OFF to turn the engine off. Retained Accessory Power (RAP) will remain active. See Retained Accessory Power (RAP) on page 9‑22

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The ignition control knob cannot be removed from the vehicle. The keyless access transmitter must be inside the vehicle to start the engine. This position locks the ignition and shifter on automatic transmission vehicles, and the ignition and steering wheel on manual transmission vehicles. Do not turn the engine off when the vehicle is moving. This will cause a loss of power assist in the brake and steering systems and disable the airbags. In an emergency: 1. Brake using a firm and steady

pressure. Do not pump the brakes repeatedly. This may deplete power assist, requiring increased brake pedal force.

2. Shift the vehicle to neutral. This can be done while the vehicle is moving. After shifting to neutral, firmly apply the brakes and steer the vehicle to a safe location.

3. Come to a complete stop. Shift

to P (Park) with an automatic transmission, or Neutral with a manual transmission. Turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF.

4. Set the parking brake. See Parking Brake (Manual) on page 9‑34 or Parking Brake (Electric) on page 9‑35

B (ACC/ACCESSORY): This position allows you to use things like the radio and the windshield wipers when the engine is off. This position will allow you to turn off the engine. C (ON/RUN): This position is for driving. It is the position the ignition switch returns to after the engine starts, and the control knob is released. If you need to shift the transmission out of P (Park), the ignition control knob has to be in ACC/ACCESSORY or ON/RUN.

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9-19

The battery could be drained if you leave the ignition in the ACC/ ACCESSORY or ON/RUN position with the engine off. You may not be able to start the vehicle if the battery is allowed to drain for an extended period of time. D (START): This position starts the engine.

Starting the Engine Place the transmission in the proper gear. If the vehicle has the keyless access system, the keyless access transmitter must be authenticated in order for the ignition control knob to turn. The transmitter can be authenticated either by putting your foot on the brake pedal or by pushing the ignition control knob in.

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Driving and Operating

Automatic Transmission Move the shift lever to P (Park) or N (Neutral). The engine will not start in any other position. To restart the engine when the vehicle is already moving, use N (Neutral) only. If the vehicle has the keyless access system, your foot must be on the brake pedal to start the engine. To rotate the ignition control knob, put your foot on the brake pedal and turn the ignition control knob to the START position. If the ignition control knob does not turn, try pushing the knob in and turning again. When the engine begins cranking, let go of the ignition control knob, it will return to the ON/RUN position. If the transmitter is not in the vehicle or something is interfering with the transmitter, the Driver Information Center (DIC) will display ELECTRONIC KEY NOT DETECTED. See Driver Information Center (DIC) on page 5‑27 for more information.

If the battery in the keyless access transmitter needs replacing, the DIC displays REPLACE BATTERY IN REMOTE KEY. The vehicle can still be driven. See “Battery Replacement” under Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System Operation (Key Access) on page 2‑5 or Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System Operation (Keyless Access) on page 2‑7 for more information. Notice: Do not try to shift to P (Park) if the vehicle is moving. If you do, you could damage the transmission. Shift to P (Park) only when the vehicle is stopped.

Manual Transmission The shift lever should be in neutral position and the parking brake engaged. Hold the clutch pedal down to the floor and start the engine. The vehicle will not start if the clutch pedal is not all the way down.

Starting Procedure 1. With your foot off the accelerator

pedal, turn the ignition key to START. If the vehicle has the keyless access system, push the ignition control knob in and rotate the knob to the START position. When the engine starts, let go of the ignition. The idle speed will go down as your engine gets warm. Do not race the engine immediately after starting it. Operate the engine and transmission gently to allow the oil to warm up and lubricate all moving parts. The vehicle has a Computer-Controlled Cranking System. This feature assists in starting the engine and protects components. If the ignition key is turned to the START position, and then released when the engine begins cranking, the engine will continue cranking for a few seconds or until the vehicle starts. If the engine does not start and the key is held in

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Driving and Operating

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START for many seconds, cranking will be stopped after 15 seconds to prevent cranking motor damage. To prevent gear damage, this system also prevents cranking if the engine is already running. Engine cranking can be stopped by turning the ignition switch to ACC/ACCESSORY or LOCK/OFF. When first starting the vehicle, the engine idle speed will be elevated to allow the catalytic converter, an emissions control device, to quickly reach operating temperature. After approximately 20 seconds, the engine will begin to transition to its normal, quieter idle speed, which can vary depending on the temperature. This is normal operation.

Notice: Cranking the engine for long periods of time, by returning the key to the START position immediately after cranking has ended, can overheat and damage the cranking motor, and drain the battery. Wait at least 15 seconds between each try, to let the cranking motor cool down. 2.

If the engine does not start after 5‐10 seconds, especially in very cold weather (below 0°F or −18°C), it could be flooded with too much gasoline. Try pushing the accelerator pedal all the way to the floor and holding it there as you hold the key in START for up to a maximum of 15 seconds. Wait at least 15 seconds between each try, to allow the cranking motor to cool down. When the engine starts, let go of the key and accelerator.

If the vehicle starts briefly but then stops again, do the same thing. This clears the extra gasoline from the engine. Do not race the engine immediately after starting it. Operate the engine and transmission gently until the oil warms up and lubricates all moving parts.

Notice: The engine is designed to work with the electronics in the vehicle. If you add electrical parts or accessories, you could change the way the engine operates. Before adding electrical equipment, check with your dealer. If you do not, the engine might not perform properly. Any resulting damage would not be covered by the vehicle warranty.

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Driving and Operating

Retained Accessory Power (RAP) These vehicle accessories can be used for up to 10 minutes after the engine is turned off: . Audio System . Power Windows . Sunroof (if equipped) Power to the audio system will work up to 10 minutes or until the driver door is opened. Power to the windows or sunroof will work up to 10 minutes or until any door is opened. For an additional 10 minutes of operation, close all the doors and turn the key to ON/RUN and then back to LOCK/OFF.

Engine Coolant Heater Vehicles with the engine coolant heater can use this option in cold weather conditions at or below −18°C (0°F) for easier starting and better fuel economy during engine warm-up. Plug in the coolant heater at least four hours before starting your vehicle. An internal thermostat in the plug-end of the cord may exist which will prevent engine coolant heater operation at temperatures above −18°C (0°F). To Use the Engine Coolant Heater 1. Turn off the engine. 2. Open the hood and unwrap

the electrical cord. The cord is located near the driver side strut tower. Remove the plastic cap to access the plug.

3. Plug it into a normal, grounded

110-volt AC outlet.

{ WARNING Plugging the cord into an ungrounded outlet could cause an electrical shock. Also, the wrong kind of extension cord could overheat and cause a fire. You could be seriously injured. Plug the cord into a properly grounded three-prong 110-volt AC outlet. If the cord will not reach, use a heavy-duty three-prong extension cord rated for at least 15 amps.

4. Before starting the engine, be

sure to unplug and store the cord as it was before to keep it away from moving engine parts. If you do not, it could be damaged.

Contact your dealer for information on how long to use the heater in your particular area.

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Driving and Operating

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WARNING (Continued)

firmly set. And, if you leave the vehicle with the engine running, it could overheat and even catch fire. You or others could be injured. Do not leave the vehicle with the engine running.

If you have to leave the vehicle with the engine running, the vehicle must be in P (Park) and the parking brake set. After shifting into P (Park), try to move the shift lever out without first pushing the button on the shift lever. If you can, the shift lever was not fully locked into P (Park).

Shifting Into Park { WARNING

It can be dangerous to get out of the vehicle if the shift lever is not fully in P (Park) with the parking brake firmly set. The vehicle can roll. If you have left the engine running, the vehicle can move suddenly. You or others could be injured. To be sure the vehicle will not move, even when you are on fairly level ground, use the steps that follow. If you are pulling a trailer, see Driving Characteristics and Towing Tips on page 9‑53.

Use this procedure to shift into P (Park): 1. Hold the brake pedal down and

set the parking brake. See Parking Brake (Manual) on page 9‑34 or Parking Brake (Electric) on page 9‑35 for more information.

2. Move the shift lever into P (Park)

by holding in the button on the shift lever and pushing the lever all the way toward the front of the vehicle.

3. Turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF. 4. For vehicles with key access,

remove the key and take it with you. If you can leave the vehicle with the ignition key in your hand, the vehicle is in P (Park). For vehicles with the keyless access system, take the keyless access transmitter with you.

Leaving the Vehicle With the Engine Running (Automatic Transmission)

{ WARNING

It can be dangerous to leave the vehicle with the engine running. The vehicle could move suddenly if the shift lever is not fully in P (Park) with the parking brake

(Continued)

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Driving and Operating

Torque Lock (Automatic Transmission) Torque lock is when the weight of the vehicle puts too much force on the parking pawl in the transmission. This happens when parking on a hill and shifting the transmission into P (Park) is not done properly and then it is difficult to shift out of P (Park). To prevent torque lock, set the parking brake and then shift into P (Park). To find out how, see "Shifting Into Park" listed previously. If torque lock does occur, the vehicle may need to be pushed uphill by another vehicle to relieve the parking pawl pressure, so you can shift out of P (Park).

Shifting Out of Park This vehicle is equipped with an electronic shift lock release system. The shift lock release is designed to: . Prevent ignition key removal

unless the shift lever is in P (Park) with the shift lever button fully released, for vehicles with key access.

. Prevent movement of the shift

lever out of P (Park), unless the ignition is in ON/RUN or ACC/ ACCESSORY and the brake pedal is applied.

The shift lock release is always functional except in the case of an uncharged or low voltage (less than 9 volt) battery. If the vehicle has an uncharged battery or a battery with low voltage, try charging or jump starting the battery. See Jump Starting on page 10‑106 for more information.

To shift out of P (Park): 1. Apply the brake pedal. 2. Press the shift lever button. 3. Move the shift lever. If unable to shift out of P (Park): 1. Fully release the shift lever

button.

2. While holding down the brake

pedal, press the shift lever button again.

3. Move the shift lever. If the shift lever will not move from P (Park), consult your dealer or a professional towing service.

Parking (Manual Transmission) Before getting out of the vehicle, place the shift lever in R (Reverse) and firmly apply the parking brake. For vehicles with the key access ignition, turn the ignition key to OFF/LOCK, and remove the key.

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See Ignition Positions (Key Access) on page 9‑17 or Ignition Positions (Keyless Access) on page 9‑18 for more information. For vehicles with the keyless access ignition, turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF and remove the keyless access transmitter. If towing a trailer, see Driving Characteristics and Towing Tips on page 9‑53.

Parking Over Things That Burn

{ WARNING

Things that can burn could touch hot exhaust parts under the vehicle and ignite. Do not park over papers, leaves, dry grass, or other things that can burn.

Engine Exhaust { WARNING

Engine exhaust contains Carbon Monoxide (CO) which cannot be seen or smelled. Exposure to CO can cause unconsciousness and even death. Exhaust may enter the vehicle if:

. The vehicle idles in areas

with poor ventilation (parking garages, tunnels, deep snow that may block underbody airflow or tail pipes).

. The exhaust smells or