2011 Cadillac CTS Owners Manual

See your dealer or a hitch dealer for assistance.

The rear bumper on the vehicle is not intended for hitches. Do not attach rental hitches or other bumper-type hitches to it. Use only a frame-mounted hitch that does not attach to the bumper.

. Will any holes be made in the body of the vehicle when the trailer hitch is installed? If there are, seal the holes when the hitch is removed. If the holes are not sealed, dirt, water, and deadly carbon monoxide (CO) from the exhaust can get into the vehicle. See Engine Exhaust on page 9‑25.

Safety Chains Always attach chains between the vehicle and the trailer. Cross the safety chains under the tongue of the trailer to help prevent the tongue from contacting the road if it becomes separated from the hitch. Leave enough slack so the rig can turn. Never allow safety chains to drag on the ground. Trailer Brakes Does the trailer have its own brakes? Be sure to read and follow the instructions for the trailer brakes so they are installed, adjusted, and maintained properly. Because the vehicle has antilock brakes, do not tap into the vehicle's brake system. If this is done, both brake systems will not work well, or at all.

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Driving and Operating

9-59

Add-on equipment can drain the vehicle's 12‐volt battery, even if the vehicle is not operating. The vehicle has an airbag system. Before attempting to add anything electrical to the vehicle, see Servicing the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle on page 3‑41 and Adding Equipment to the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle on page 3‑42.

Conversions and Add-Ons

Add-On Electrical Equipment Notice: Do not add anything electrical to the vehicle unless you check with your dealer first. Some electrical equipment can damage the vehicle and the damage would not be covered by the vehicle's warranty. Some add-on electrical equipment can keep other components from working as they should.

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9-60

Driving and Operating

2 NOTES

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Vehicle Care

General Information

General Information . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
California Proposition

65 Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3

California Perchlorate

Materials Requirements . . . . 10-3

Accessories and

Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3

Vehicle Checks Doing Your Own

Service Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
Engine Compartment

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6
Engine Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . 10-14
Automatic Transmission

Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14

Manual Transmission

Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-15
Hydraulic Clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-15

Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . 10-16
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
Engine Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-19
Engine Overheating . . . . . . . . 10-24
Overheated Engine

Protection Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25
Power Steering Fluid . . . . . . . 10-25
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-26
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27
Brake Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-30
All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-31
Starter Switch Check . . . . . . . 10-31
Automatic Transmission Shift

Lock Control Function Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-32

Ignition Transmission Lock

Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-33

Park Brake and P (Park)

Mechanism Check . . . . . . . . 10-33

Wiper Blade

Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34

Headlamp Aiming

Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . 10-35

Vehicle Care

10-1

Bulb Replacement

Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 10-37
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-37
High Intensity Discharge

(HID) Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-37
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-38
License Plate Lamp (Coupe

and Sedan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-38

License Plate Lamp

(Wagon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-39
Replacement Bulbs . . . . . . . . . 10-39

Electrical System

Electrical System

Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-40

Fuses and Circuit

Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-41

Engine Compartment Fuse

Block (CTS Coupe and Sedan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-41

Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS V Coupe and Sedan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-45

Engine Compartment Fuse

Block (CTS Wagon) . . . . . . . 10-48

Engine Compartment Fuse

Block (CTS V Wagon) . . . . . 10-52

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10-2

Vehicle Care

Block (CTS-V Wagon) . . . . . 10-61

Uniform Tire Quality

Rear Compartment Fuse Block (CTS Coupe and Sedan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-55

Rear Compartment Fuse

Block (CTS-V Coupe and Sedan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-57

Rear Compartment Fuse

Block (CTS Wagon) . . . . . . . 10-59

Rear Compartment Fuse

Wheels and Tires

Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-64
Winter Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-65
Low-Profile Tires . . . . . . . . . . . 10-65
Tire Sidewall Labeling . . . . . . 10-66
Tire Designations . . . . . . . . . . . 10-68
Tire Terminology and

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-69
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-72
Tire Pressure for High-Speed

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-73

Tire Pressure Monitor

System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-74

Tire Pressure Monitor

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-75
Tire Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-78
Tire Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-79
When It Is Time for New

Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-80
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . 10-81
Different Size Tires and

Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-83

Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-83

Wheel Alignment and Tire

Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-85
Wheel Replacement . . . . . . . . 10-85
Tire Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-86
If a Tire Goes Flat . . . . . . . . . . 10-87
Tire Sealant and

Compressor Kit . . . . . . . . . . . 10-89

Storing the Tire Sealant and

Compressor Kit (Wagon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-96

Storing the Tire Sealant and

Compressor Kit (Coupe) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-97

Storing the Tire Sealant and

Compressor Kit (Sedan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-97
Tire Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-98
Compact Spare Tire . . . . . . . 10-106

Jump Starting

Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-106

Towing

Towing the Vehicle . . . . . . . . 10-111
Recreational Vehicle

Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-111

Appearance Care

Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-113
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-117
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-120

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General Information For service and parts needs, visit your dealer. You will receive genuine GM parts and GM-trained and supported service people. Genuine GM parts have one of these marks:

California Proposition 65 Warning Most motor vehicles, including this one, contain and/or emit chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. Engine exhaust, many parts and systems, many fluids, and some component wear by-products contain and/or emit these chemicals.

California Perchlorate Materials Requirements Certain types of automotive applications, such as airbag initiators, seat belt pretensioners, and lithium batteries contained in Remote Keyless Entry transmitters, may contain perchlorate materials. Special handling may be necessary. For additional information, see www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/ perchlorate.

Vehicle Care

10-3

Accessories and Modifications Adding non‐dealer accessories to the vehicle can affect vehicle performance and safety, including such things as airbags, braking, stability, ride and handling, emissions systems, aerodynamics, durability, and electronic systems like antilock brakes, traction control, and stability control. Some of these accessories could even cause malfunction or damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. Damage to vehicle components resulting from the installation or use of non‐GM certified parts, including control module modifications, is not covered under the terms of the vehicle warranty and may affect remaining warranty coverage for affected parts.

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10-4

Vehicle Care

GM Accessories are designed to complement and function with other systems on the vehicle. Your GM dealer can accessorize the vehicle using genuine GM Accessories. When you go to your GM dealer and ask for GM Accessories, you will know that GM-trained and supported service technicians will perform the work using genuine GM Accessories. Also, see Adding Equipment to the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle on page 3‑42.

If doing some of your own service work, use the proper service manual. It tells you much more about how to service the vehicle than this manual can. To order the proper service manual, see Service Publications Ordering Information on page 13‑14. This vehicle has an airbag system. Before attempting to do your own service work, see Servicing the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle on page 3‑41. Keep a record with all parts receipts and list the mileage and the date of any service work performed. See Maintenance Records on page 11‑11.

Vehicle Checks

Doing Your Own Service Work

{ WARNING You can be injured and the vehicle could be damaged if you try to do service work on a vehicle without knowing enough about it.

. Be sure you have sufficient

knowledge, experience, the proper replacement parts, and tools before attempting any vehicle maintenance task.

. Be sure to use the proper

nuts, bolts, and other fasteners. Metric and English fasteners can be easily confused. If the wrong fasteners are used, parts can later break or fall off. You could be hurt.

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Hood To open the hood:

Vehicle Care

10-5

Before closing the hood, be sure all the filler caps are on properly. Then pull the hood down and close it firmly.

1. Pull the hood release lever with

this symbol on it. It is located inside the vehicle on the lower side of the instrument panel.

2. Go to the front of the vehicle and find the secondary hood release lever. The lever is located under the front edge of the grille near the center. Push the release lever up and raise the hood.

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10-6

Vehicle Care

Engine Compartment Overview

CTS 3.6 L V6 Engine Shown, 3.0 L V6 Engine Similar

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Vehicle Care

10-7

A. Windshield Washer Fluid

D. Remote Negative (−) Terminal.

I.

Reservoir. See Washer Fluid on page 10‑26.

See Jump Starting on page 10‑106.

Engine Oil Dipstick (Out of View). See Engine Oil on page 10‑10.

B. Engine Compartment Fuse

Block (CTS Coupe and Sedan) on page 10‑41 or Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS V Coupe and Sedan) on page 10‑45 or Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS Wagon) on page 10‑48 or Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS V Wagon) on page 10‑52.

C. Remote Positive (+) Terminal.

See Jump Starting on page 10‑106.

E. Passenger Compartment Air Filter. See Passenger Compartment Air Filter on page 8‑7.

F. Engine Cooling Fan (Out of

View). See Cooling System on page 10‑18.

G. Power Steering Fluid Reservoir.

See Power Steering Fluid on page 10‑25.

J. Hydraulic Clutch Reservoir

(If Equipped) (Not Shown). See Hydraulic Clutch on page 10‑15.

K. Brake Master Cylinder

Reservoir (Out of View). See Brakes on page 10‑27.

L. Engine Coolant Surge Tank and

Pressure Cap. See Engine Coolant on page 10‑19.

M. Engine Air Cleaner/Filter on

H. Engine Oil Fill Cap. See Engine

page 10‑16.

Oil on page 10‑10.

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10-8

Vehicle Care

CTS-V 6.2 L V8 Engine

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A. Windshield Washer Fluid

D. Remote Negative (−) Terminal.

J. Hydraulic Clutch Reservoir

Reservoir. See Washer Fluid on page 10‑26.

See Jump Starting on page 10‑106.

(If Equipped) (Not Shown). See Hydraulic Clutch on page 10‑15.

Vehicle Care

10-9

B. Engine Compartment Fuse

Block (CTS Coupe and Sedan) on page 10‑41 or Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS V Coupe and Sedan) on page 10‑45 or Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS Wagon) on page 10‑48 or Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS V Wagon) on page 10‑52.

C. Remote Positive (+) Terminal.

See Jump Starting on page 10‑106.

E. Engine Oil Fill Cap (Out of View). See Engine Oil on page 10‑10.

K. Brake Master Cylinder

Reservoir. See Brakes on page 10‑27.

F. Engine Oil Dipstick. See Engine

L. Engine Coolant Surge Tank and

Oil on page 10‑10.

H.

G. Passenger Compartment Air Filter. See Passenger Compartment Air Filter on page 8‑7. Intercooler System Pressure Cap. See Cooling System on page 10‑18. Engine Cooling Fans (Out of View). See Cooling System on page 10‑18.

I.

Pressure Cap. See Engine Coolant on page 10‑19.

M. Power Steering Fluid Reservoir

(Under Engine Cover). See Power Steering Fluid on page 10‑25.

N. Engine Air Cleaner/Filter on

page 10‑16.

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10-10

Vehicle Care

Engine Cover

Engine Cover (CTS)

5. Reverse Steps 1 through 4 to

2. Pull the engine cover forward

reinstall engine cover. Engine Cover (CTS-V)

until it is clear of the smaller piece.

3. Lift and remove the engine

cover.

4. Reverse Steps 1 through 3 to

reinstall engine cover.

Engine Oil To ensure proper engine performance and long life, careful attention must be paid to engine oil. Following these simple, but important steps will help protect your investment: . Always use engine oil approved to the proper specification and of the proper viscosity grade. See “Selecting the Right Engine Oil” in this section.

. Check the engine oil level regularly and maintain the proper oil level. See “Checking Engine Oil” and “When to Add Engine Oil” in this section.

To remove: 1. Remove the oil fill cap (A). 2. Raise the right front corner of

the engine cover (B) to release it from the ball stud.

3. Pull the engine cover (B) forward to slide the rear tabs (C) out from under the retainers.

4. Lift and remove the engine

cover.

To remove: The engine cover consists of two pieces. Only the larger front piece needs to be removed to access the engine oil and power steering fill caps. 1. Raise the front of the engine

cover (A) to release it from the ball studs (B).

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2. Pull out the dipstick and clean

it with a paper towel or cloth, then push it back in all the way. Remove it again, keeping the tip down, and check the level.

When to Add Engine Oil If the oil is below the cross-hatched area at the tip of the dipstick, add 1 L (1 qt) of the recommended oil and then recheck the level. See “Selecting the Right Engine Oil” in this section for an explanation of what kind of oil to use. For engine oil crankcase capacity, see Capacities and Specifications on page 12‑2.

. Change the engine oil at the

appropriate time. See Engine Oil Life System on page 10‑14. . Always dispose of engine oil

properly. See “What to Do with Used Oil” in this section.

Checking Engine Oil It is a good idea to check the engine oil level at each fuel fill. In order to get an accurate reading, the vehicle must be on level ground. The engine oil dipstick handle is a yellow loop. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for the location of the engine oil dipstick. If the engine has been running 1. recently, turn off the engine and allow several minutes for the oil to drain back into the oil pan. Checking the oil level too soon after engine shutoff will not provide an accurate oil level reading.

Vehicle Care

10-11

Notice: Do not add too much oil. Oil levels above or below the acceptable operating range shown on the dipstick are harmful to the engine. If you find that you have an oil level above the operating range, i.e., the engine has so much oil that the oil level gets above the cross-hatched area that shows the proper operating range, the engine could be damaged. You should drain out the excess oil or limit driving of the vehicle and seek a service professional to remove the excess amount of oil. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for the location of the engine oil fill cap. Add enough oil to put the level somewhere in the proper operating range. Push the dipstick all the way back in when through.

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10-12

Vehicle Care

Selecting the Right Engine Oil Selecting the right engine oil depends on both the proper oil specification and viscosity grade:

Specification Use and ask for engine oils with the dexos™ certification mark. Oils meeting the requirements of the vehicle should have the dexos™ certification mark on the container. This certification mark indicates that the oil has been approved to the dexos™ specification.

This vehicle was filled at the factory with dexos™ approved engine oil.

Notice: Use only engine oil that is approved to the dexos™ specification or an equivalent engine oil of the appropriate viscosity grade. Engine oils approved to the dexos™ specification will show the dexos™ symbol on the container. Failure to use the recommended engine oil or equivalent can result in engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. If you are unsure whether the oil is approved to the dexos™ specification, ask your service provider.

Use of Substitute Engine Oils if dexos™ is unavailable: In the event that dexos™ approved engine oil is not available at an oil change or for maintaining proper oil level, you may use substitute engine oil displaying the API Starburst symbol and of SAE 5W-30 viscosity grade. Use of oils that do not meet the dexos™ specification, however, may result in reduced performance under certain circumstances.

Viscosity Grade SAE 5W-30 is the best viscosity grade for the vehicle. Do not use other viscosity oils such as SAE 10W‐30, 10W‐40, or 20W-50.

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Vehicle Care

10-13

What to Do with Used Oil Used engine oil contains certain elements that can be unhealthy for your skin and could even cause cancer. Do not let used oil stay on your skin for very long. Clean your skin and nails with soap and water, or a good hand cleaner. Wash or properly dispose of clothing or rags containing used engine oil. See the manufacturer's warnings about the use and disposal of oil products. Used oil can be a threat to the environment. If you change your own oil, be sure to drain all the oil from the filter before disposal. Never dispose of oil by putting it in the trash or pouring it on the ground, into sewers, or into streams or bodies of water. Recycle it by taking it to a place that collects used oil.

(−20°F), an SAE 0W-30 oil should be used. An oil of this viscosity grade will provide easier cold starting for the engine at extremely low temperatures. When selecting an oil of the appropriate viscosity grade, be sure to always select an oil that meets the required specification, dexos™. See “Specification” earlier in this section for more information. Engine Oil Additives/Engine Oil Flushes Do not add anything to the oil. The recommended oils with the dexos™ specification and displaying the dexos™ certification mark are all that is needed for good performance and engine protection. Engine oil system flushes are not recommended and could cause engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty.

Cold Temperature Operation: In an area of extreme cold, where the temperature falls below −29°C

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10-14

Vehicle Care

Engine Oil Life System

When to Change Engine Oil This vehicle has a computer system that indicates when to change the engine oil and filter. This is based on engine revolutions and engine temperature, and not on mileage. Based on driving conditions, the mileage at which an oil change is indicated can vary considerably. For the oil life system to work properly, the system must be reset every time the oil is changed. When the system has calculated that oil life has been diminished, it indicates that an oil change is necessary. A CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message comes on. See Engine Oil Messages on page 5‑35. Change the oil as soon as possible within the next 1 000 km (600 miles). It is possible that, if driving under the best conditions, the oil life system might indicate that an oil change is not necessary for up to a year. The engine oil and filter must be changed at least once a year

and, at this time, the system must be reset. Your dealer has trained service people who will perform this work and reset the system. It is also important to check the oil regularly over the course of an oil drain interval and keep it at the proper level. If the system is ever reset accidentally, the oil must be changed at 5 000 km (3,000 miles) since the last oil change. Remember to reset the oil life system whenever the oil is changed. How to Reset the Engine Oil Life System Reset the system whenever the engine oil is changed so that the system can calculate the next engine oil change. To reset the system: 1. Turn the ignition to ON/RUN with

the engine off.

2. Fully press and release the

accelerator pedal three times within five seconds.

The system is reset when the CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message goes off. If the CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message comes back on when the vehicle is started, the engine oil life system has not been reset. Repeat the procedure.

Automatic Transmission Fluid

How to Check Automatic Transmission Fluid It is not necessary to check the transmission fluid level. A transmission fluid leak is the only reason for fluid loss. If a leak occurs, take the vehicle to the dealer service department and have it repaired as soon as possible. The vehicle is not equipped with a transmission fluid level dipstick. There is a special procedure for checking and changing the transmission fluid. Because this procedure is difficult, it should be

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done at the dealer service department. Contact your dealer for additional information or refer to the procedure in the service manual. To purchase a service manual, see Service Publications Ordering Information on page 13‑14. Change the fluid and filter at the intervals listed in Scheduled Maintenance on page 11‑2, and be sure to use the fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑7.

Manual Transmission Fluid It is not necessary to check the manual transmission fluid level. A transmission fluid leak is the only reason for fluid loss. If a leak occurs, take the vehicle to a dealer for service. Have it repaired as soon as possible. You may also have the fluid level checked by your dealer when the oil is changed.

See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑7 for the proper fluid to use.

Hydraulic Clutch It is not necessary to regularly check clutch fluid unless you suspect there is a leak in the system. Adding fluid will not correct a leak. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired. When to Check and What to Use

The hydraulic clutch fluid reservoir cap has this symbol on it. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for reservoir location.

Vehicle Care

10-15

Refer to the Maintenance Schedule for the proper fluid to use. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑7. The fluid requires changing every two years. See Scheduled Maintenance on page 11‑2. How to Check and Add Fluid Visually check the clutch fluid reservoir to make sure the fluid level is at the MIN (minimum) line on the side of the reservoir. The hydraulic clutch fluid system should be closed and sealed. Do not remove the cap to check the fluid level or to top‐off the fluid level. Remove the cap only when necessary to add the proper fluid until the level reaches the MIN line.

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10-16

Vehicle Care

Engine Air Cleaner/Filter The engine air cleaner/filter is in the engine compartment on the driver side of the vehicle, near the front. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for more information on location. When to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter Inspect the air cleaner/filter at the scheduled maintenance intervals and replace it at the first oil change after each 80 000 km (50,000 mile) interval. See Scheduled Maintenance on page 11‑2 for more information. If you are driving in dusty/dirty conditions, inspect the filter at each engine oil change.

How to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter To inspect the air cleaner/filter, remove the filter from the vehicle and lightly shake the filter to release loose dust and dirt. If the filter remains covered with dirt, a new filter is required. To inspect or replace the engine air cleaner/filter: 1. Turn the ignition off.

2. Remove the side cover by

pulling up on the front of the cover.

3. Disconnect the electrical

connector from the air box.

4. Loosen the screw on the clamp

holding the air outlet duct in place. Do not remove the clamp. Move the duct aside.

5. Remove the hose from the air cleaner housing mounting arm. Move the hose aside.

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Vehicle Care

10-17

6. Remove the three air cleaner

housing cover screws.

7. Move the air cleaner housing cover and remove the cover from the air cleaner housing.

8. Remove the air cleaner filter from the air cleaner housing.

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10-18

Vehicle Care

How to Reinstall Engine Air Cleaner/Filter 1.

Install the air cleaner into the air cleaner housing. The outer air cleaner filter seal must be fitted properly in the air cleaner housing.

4.

3.

2. Align the air cleaner housing cover tabs to the air cleaner housing. Install the air cleaner housing cover. Install the air cleaner housing cover screws. Install the hose to the air cleaner housing mounting arm. The hose must be routed correctly. Install the air cleaner outlet duct to the air cleaner housing.

5.

6.

7. Tighten the air cleaner outlet

duct screw clamp.

8. Attach the electrical connector to

the air box.

9. Reinstall the side cover. { WARNING

Cooling System The cooling system allows the engine to maintain the correct working temperature. When it is safe to lift the hood:

Operating the engine with the air cleaner/filter off can cause you or others to be burned. The air cleaner not only cleans the air; it helps to stop flames if the engine backfires. Use caution when working on the engine and do not drive with the air cleaner/filter off.

Notice: If the air cleaner/filter is off, dirt can easily get into the engine, which could damage it. Always have the air cleaner/filter in place when you are driving.

A. Electric Engine Cooling Fan(s)

(Out of View)

B. Coolant Surge Tank and

Pressure Cap

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Notice: Using coolant other than DEX-COOL® can cause premature engine, heater core, or radiator corrosion. In addition, the engine coolant could require changing sooner, at 50 000 km (30,000 mi) or 24 months, whichever occurs first. Any repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use DEX-COOL (silicate-free) coolant in the vehicle.

Vehicle Care

10-19

Engine Coolant The cooling system in the vehicle for all engines and the intercooler is filled with DEX-COOL®. This coolant is designed to remain in the vehicle for 5 years or 240 000 km (150,000 mi), whichever occurs first. The following explains the cooling system and how to check and add coolant when it is low. If there is a problem with engine overheating, see Engine Overheating on page 10‑24.

{ WARNING

An electric engine cooling fan under the hood can start up even when the engine is not running and can cause injury. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

{ WARNING

Heater and radiator hoses, and other engine parts, can be very hot. Do not touch them. If you do, you can be burned. Do not run the engine if there is a leak. If you run the engine, it could lose all coolant. That could cause an engine fire, and you could be burned. Get any leak fixed before you drive the vehicle.

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Vehicle Care

What to Use

{ WARNING

Adding only plain water or some other liquid to the cooling system can be dangerous. Plain water and other liquids, can boil before the proper coolant mixture will. The coolant warning system is set for the proper coolant mixture. With plain water or the wrong mixture, the engine could get too hot but you would not get the overheat warning. The engine could catch fire and you or others could be burned. Use a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant.

Use a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant. If using this mixture, nothing else needs to be added. This mixture: . Gives freezing protection down

to −37°C (−34°F), outside temperature.

. Gives boiling protection up

to 129°C (265°F), engine temperature.

. Protects against rust and

corrosion.

. Will not damage aluminum parts. . Helps keep the proper engine

temperature.

Notice: If an improper coolant mixture is used, the engine could overheat and be badly damaged. The repair cost would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Too much water in the mixture can freeze and crack the engine, radiator, heater core, and other parts.

Never dispose of engine coolant by putting it in the trash, pouring it on the ground, or into sewers, streams, or bodies of water. Have the coolant changed by an authorized service center, familiar with legal requirements regarding used coolant disposal. This will help protect the environment and your health. Checking Coolant The vehicle must be on a level surface when checking the coolant level. The engine coolant reservoir is located in the engine compartment on the driver side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6. Check to see if coolant is visible in the surge tank. If the coolant inside the surge tank is boiling, do not do anything else until it cools down. If coolant is visible but the coolant level is not at or above the FULL COLD mark, add a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and

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DEX-COOL coolant at the coolant surge tank, but be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done. If the engine is warm or hot, the coolant level should be at or above the FROID/FULL COLD line on the side of the coolant surge tank. If the engine is cold, the coolant level should be near the FROID/FULL COLD line on the side of the coolant surge tank. If it is not, there could be a leak in the cooling system. How to Add Coolant to the Surge Tank

{ WARNING

You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Do not spill coolant on a hot engine.

Notice: This vehicle has a specific coolant fill procedure. Failure to follow this procedure could cause the engine to overheat and be severely damaged.

{ WARNING

An electric engine cooling fan under the hood can start up even when the engine is not running and can cause injury. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

{ WARNING

Steam and scalding liquids from a hot cooling system can blow out and burn you badly. They are under pressure, and if you turn the surge tank pressure cap — even a little — they can come out at high speed. Never

(Continued)

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WARNING (Continued)

turn the cap when the cooling system, including the surge tank pressure cap, is hot. Wait for the cooling system and surge tank pressure cap to cool if you ever have to turn the pressure cap.

If coolant is needed, add the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture at the coolant surge tank. If no coolant is visible in the surge tank, add coolant as follows: 1. Remove the coolant surge tank pressure cap when the cooling system, including the coolant surge tank pressure cap and upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise about one-quarter turn and then stop. If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left.

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Vehicle Care

By this time, the coolant level inside the coolant surge tank may be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper mixture to the coolant surge tank until the level reaches the FROID/FULL COLD line on the side of the coolant surge tank. 5. Then replace the pressure cap.

Be sure the pressure cap is hand-tight and fully seated. Notice: If the pressure cap is not tightly installed, coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured. Recheck the coolant level in the bottle next time you use your vehicle to ensure the system is full when cold.

2. Then keep turning the pressure

3. Fill the coolant surge tank with

cap slowly and remove it.

the proper mixture, to slightly above the FROID/FULL COLD line on the side of the coolant surge tank.

4. With the coolant surge tank

pressure cap off, start the engine and let it run until you can feel the upper radiator hose getting hot. The upper radiator hose is the top hose coming out of the radiator, on the passenger side of the vehicle. Watch out for the engine cooling fans.

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Checking Coolant in the Intercooler System (CTS-V) The vehicle must be on a level surface when checking the coolant level. The super charged engine intercooler coolant fill neck is located in the engine compartment on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6. On the coolant fill neck, there is a cold fill region between the two horizontal lines shown. Check to see if coolant is visible in the coolant fill neck. If the coolant is not visible or below the cold fill region in the fill neck, add a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant at the coolant fill bottle, but be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done.

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Adding Coolant to the Intercooler System Coolant (CTS-V)

2. Then keep turning the pressure

cap slowly and remove it.

3. Add the proper DEX-COOL

coolant mixture to the fill neck until the coolant is within the cold fill region. With the intercooler system pressure cap off, start the engine and let it run for a couple of minutes. Then turn the engine off. By this time, the coolant level inside the fill neck may be lower. If the level drops where coolant is no longer within the cold fill region of the fill neck with the engine off, add more of the DEX-COOL coolant mixture to the fill neck until the level is again visible in the cold fill region.

1. Remove the intercooler

system pressure cap when the intercooler system hoses are no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise about one-quarter of a turn. If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. This allows any pressure still left to be vented.

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Vehicle Care

4. Then replace the pressure cap.

Be sure the pressure cap is hand-tight and fully seated. Notice: If the pressure cap is not tightly installed, coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured. If the coolant is not at the proper level when the system cools down again, see your dealer.

Engine Overheating The vehicle has several indicators to warn of engine overheating. There are two engine hot messages that may be displayed in the Driver Information Center (DIC). See Engine Cooling System Messages on page 5‑35 for more information. You may decide not to lift the hood when one of these warnings appear, but get service help right away. See Roadside Service (U.S. and Canada) on page 13‑7 or Roadside Service (Mexico) on page 13‑9.

If you do decide to lift the hood, make sure the vehicle is parked on a level surface. Then check to see if the engine cooling fans are running. If the engine is overheating, the fan(s) should be running. If they are not, do not continue to run the engine and have the vehicle serviced. Notice: Engine damage from running the engine without coolant is not covered by the warranty. Notice: If the engine catches fire because of being driven with no coolant, the vehicle can be badly damaged. The costly repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty.

If Steam Is Coming from the Engine Compartment { WARNING

Steam from an overheated engine can burn you badly, even if you just open the hood. Stay away from the engine if you see or hear steam coming from it. Just turn it off and get everyone away from the vehicle until it cools down. Wait until there is no sign of steam or coolant before you open the hood. If you keep driving when the engine is overheated, the liquids in it can catch fire. You or others could be badly burned. Stop the engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool.

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If No Steam Is Coming from the Engine Compartment If an engine overheat warning is displayed but no steam can be seen or heard, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when the vehicle: . Climbs a long hill on a hot day. . Stops after high-speed driving. Idles for long periods in traffic. Tows a trailer.

If the overheat warning is displayed with no sign of steam: 1. Turn the air conditioning off. 2. Turn the heater on to the highest

3.

temperature and to the highest fan speed. Open the windows as necessary. In heavy traffic, let the engine idle in N (Neutral) while stopped. If it is safe to do so, pull off the road, shift to P (Park) or N (Neutral) and let the engine idle.

If the temperature overheat gauge is no longer in the overheat zone or an overheat warning no longer displays, the vehicle can be driven. Continue to drive the vehicle slow for about 10 minutes. Keep a safe vehicle distance from the car in front of you. If the warning does not come back on, continue to drive normally. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park the vehicle right away. If there is no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while parked. If the warning is still displayed, turn off the engine until it cools down. Also, see “Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode” next in this section.

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Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode This operating mode allows the vehicle to be driven to a safe place in an emergency. Should a hot engine condition exist, an overheat protection mode which alternates firing groups of cylinders helps prevent engine damage. In this mode, there is a loss in power and engine performance. Driving extended distances and/or towing a trailer in the overheat protection mode should be avoided.

Power Steering Fluid

See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for the location of the power steering fluid reservoir.

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Vehicle Care

When to Check Power Steering Fluid It is not necessary to regularly check power steering fluid unless you suspect there is a leak in the system or you hear an unusual noise. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired. How to Check Power Steering Fluid To check the power steering fluid: 1. Turn the key off and let the

engine compartment cool down. 2. Wipe the cap and the top of the

reservoir clean.

3. Unscrew the cap and wipe the

dipstick with a clean rag.

4. Replace the cap and completely

tighten it.

5. Remove the cap again and look at the fluid level on the dipstick.

The level should be between the HOT and COLD marks. If necessary, add only enough fluid to bring the level between the marks. What to Use To determine what kind of fluid to use, see Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑7. Always use the proper fluid.

Washer Fluid

What to Use When adding windshield washer fluid to the vehicle, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions before use. If you will be operating your vehicle in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing.

Adding Washer Fluid The WASHER FLUID LOW ADD FLUID message will appear on the Driver Information Center (DIC) when the fluid level is low. See Washer Fluid Messages on page 5‑46 for more information.

Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for reservoir location.

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Notice:

. When using concentrated

washer fluid, follow the manufacturer's instructions for adding water.

. Do not mix water with

ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage the washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system. Also, water does not clean as well as washer fluid.

. Fill the washer fluid tank

only three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.

. Do not use engine coolant

(antifreeze) in the windshield washer. It can damage the windshield washer system and paint.

Brakes This vehicle has disc brakes. Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.

{ WARNING

The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to a crash. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.

Notice: Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair.

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10-27

Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications in Capacities and Specifications on page 12‑2. Brake linings should always be replaced as complete axle sets. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service might be required.

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Vehicle Care

Brake Adjustment Every time the brakes are applied, with or without the vehicle moving, the brakes adjust for wear. Replacing Brake System Parts The braking system on a vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. The vehicle was designed and tested with top-quality brake parts. When parts of the braking system are replaced, be sure to get new, approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes might not work properly. For example, installing disc brake pads that are wrong for the vehicle, can change the balance between the front and rear brakes — for the worse.

The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed.

Brake Fluid

The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with DOT 3 brake fluid as indicated on the reservoir cap. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for the location of the reservoir.

There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down:

The brake fluid level goes down because of normal brake lining wear. When new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up.

. A fluid leak in the brake

hydraulic system can also cause a low fluid level. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later the brakes will not work well.

Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

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{ WARNING

If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light on page 5‑22.

What to Add Use only new DOT 3 brake fluid from a sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑7. Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. This helps keep dirt from entering the reservoir.

{ WARNING

With the wrong kind of fluid in the brake hydraulic system, the brakes might not work well. This could cause a crash. Always use the proper brake fluid.

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10-29

Notice:

. Using the wrong fluid

can badly damage brake hydraulic system parts. For example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in the brake hydraulic system can damage brake hydraulic system parts so badly that they will have to be replaced. Do not let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid.

. If brake fluid is spilled on the

vehicle's painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Be careful not to spill brake fluid on the vehicle. If you do, wash it off immediately.

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Vehicle Care

Battery The battery is in the trunk, behind the trim panel, on the passenger side of the vehicle. Refer to the replacement number shown on the original battery label when a new battery is needed.

{ DANGER

Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.

After a power loss, such as disconnecting the battery or removing the maxi fuses in the power distribution fuse block, the following steps must be performed to calibrate the electronic throttle control. If this is not done, the engine will not run properly. 1. Turn the ignition on but do not

start the engine.

2. Leave the ignition on for at

least three minutes so that the electronic throttle control will cycle and re-learn its home position.

3. Turn the ignition off. 4. Start and run the engine for at

least 30 seconds.

Vehicle Storage

{ WARNING

Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting on page 10‑106 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.

Infrequent Usage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery to keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger.

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All-Wheel Drive If your vehicle is equipped with all-wheel-drive, this is an additional system that needs lubrication. Transfer Case

When to Check Lubricant It is not necessary to regularly check the transfer case fluid unless you suspect there is a leak or you hear an unusual noise. A fluid loss could indicate a problem. Have it inspected and repaired.

How to Check Lubricant

A. Drain Plug B. Fill Plug To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface. If the level is below the bottom of the filler plug hole, located on the transfer case, you'll need to add some lubricant. Add enough lubricant to raise the level to the bottom of the filler plug hole. Use care not to overtighten the plug.

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What to Use Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine what kind of lubricant to use. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑7.

Starter Switch Check

{ WARNING When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle.

2. Firmly apply both the parking brake and the regular brake. See Parking Brake (Manual) on page 9‑34 or Parking Brake (Electric) on page 9‑35.

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Vehicle Care

Do not use the accelerator pedal, and be ready to turn off the engine immediately if it starts.

3. For automatic transmission

vehicles, try to start the engine in each gear. The vehicle should start only in P (Park) or N (Neutral). If the vehicle starts in any other position, contact your dealer for service. For manual transmission vehicles, put the shift lever in Neutral, push the clutch pedal down halfway, and try to start the engine. The vehicle should start only when the clutch pedal is pushed down all the way to the floor. If the vehicle starts when the clutch pedal is not pushed all the way down, contact your dealer for service.

Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control Function Check

{ WARNING When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle. It should be parked on a level surface.

2. Firmly apply the parking brake. See Parking Brake (Manual) on page 9‑34 or Parking Brake (Electric) on page 9‑35. Be ready to apply the regular brake immediately if the vehicle begins to move.

3. With the engine off, turn the

ignition on, but do not start the engine. Without applying the regular brake, try to move the shift lever out of P (Park) with normal effort. If the shift lever moves out of P (Park), contact your dealer for service.

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Ignition Transmission Lock Check While parked, and with the parking brake set, try to turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF in each shift lever position.

The ignition should turn to LOCK/OFF only when the shift lever is in P (Park).

. With the key access ignition

system, the ignition key should come out only in LOCK/OFF. See Ignition Positions (Key Access) on page 9‑17 or Ignition Positions (Keyless Access) on page 9‑18.

Contact your dealer if service is required.

Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check { WARNING

When you are doing this check, the vehicle could begin to move. You or others could be injured and property could be damaged. Make sure there is room in front of the vehicle in case it begins to roll. Be ready to apply the regular brake at once should the vehicle begin to move.

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Park on a fairly steep hill, with the vehicle facing downhill. Keeping your foot on the regular brake, set the parking brake.

To check the parking brake's holding ability: With the engine running and the transmission in N (Neutral), slowly remove foot pressure from the regular brake pedal. Do this until the vehicle is held by the parking brake only. To check the P (Park) mechanism's holding ability: With the engine running, shift to P (Park). Then release the parking brake followed by the regular brake.

Contact your dealer if service is required.

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Vehicle Care

Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield wiper blades should be inspected for wear or cracking. See Scheduled Maintenance on page 11‑2. It is a good idea to clean or replace the wiper blade assembly on a regular basis or when worn. For proper windshield wiper blade length and type, see Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 11‑9. To replace the wiper blade assembly: 1. Turn the ignition to ON/RUN with

the engine off.

2. Turn on the windshield wipers and turn them off again when the wipers are in the out-wipe position. The driver side blade will be straight up and down on the windshield.

3. Pull the windshield wiper assembly away from the windshield.

6. Replace the blade with a

new one.

4. Lift up the wiper blade

assembly cap.

5. Pull the wiper blade assembly down far enough to release it from the J-hooked end of the wiper arm. Slide the assembly away from the arm. Allowing the wiper blade arm to touch the windshield when no wiper blade is installed could damage the windshield. Any damage that occurs would not be covered by your warranty. Do not allow the wiper blade arm to touch the windshield.

7. Reinstall the wiper blade

assembly by sliding it over the wiper arm to engage the J-hooked end. Pull up on the assembly to lock it into place. 8. Repeat the steps for the other

wiper.

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Headlamp Aiming The vehicle has a visual optical headlamp aiming system. The aim has been preset at the factory and should need no further adjustment. However, if the vehicle is damaged in a crash, the headlamp aim may be affected and adjustment may be necessary. If oncoming vehicles flash their high beams at you, this may also mean the vertical aim needs to be adjusted. It is recommended that the vehicle is taken to your dealer for service if the headlamps need to be re-aimed. It is possible, however, to re-aim the headlamps as described.

The vehicle should: . Be placed so the headlamps are 7.6 m (25 ft) from a light colored wall.

. Have all four tires on a level

surface which is level all the way to the wall.

. Be placed so it is perpendicular

to the wall.

. Not have any snow, ice, or mud

on it.

. Be fully assembled and have all other work stopped while headlamp aiming is being performed.

. Be loaded with a full tank of fuel and one person or 75 kg (160 lbs) sitting on the driver seat.

. Have all tires properly inflated. . Have the spare tire (if equipped)

in its original location in the vehicle.

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10-35

Headlamp aiming is done with the vehicle's low-beam headlamps. The high-beam headlamps will be correctly aimed if the low-beam headlamps are aimed properly.