2010 Cadillac CTS Owners Manual

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2. Push the left end of the lamp assembly towards the right. 3. Turn the lamp assembly down to remove from liftgate. 9-40 Vehicle Care Electrical System Electrical System Overload The vehicle has fuses and circuit breakers to protect against an electrical system overload. When the current electrical load is too heavy, the circuit breaker opens and closes, protecting the circuit until the current load returns to normal or the problem is fixed. This greatly reduces the chance of circuit overload and fire caused by electrical problems. Fuses and circuit breakers protect the following in the vehicle: . Headlamp Wiring . Windshield Wiper Motor . Power Windows and other Power Accessories Headlamp Wiring An electrical overload may cause the lamps to go on and off, or in some cases to remain off. Have the headlamp wiring checked right away if the lamps go on and off or remain off. Windshield Wipers If the wiper motor overheats due to heavy snow or ice, the windshield wipers will stop until the motor cools and will then restart. Although the circuit is protected from electrical overload, overload due to heavy snow or ice, may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow from the windshield before using the windshield wipers. If the overload is caused by an electrical problem and not snow or ice, be sure to get it fixed. Fuses and Circuit Breakers The wiring circuits in the vehicle are protected from short circuits by a combination of fuses and circuit breakers. This greatly reduces the chance of damage caused by electrical problems. To check a fuse, look at the silver-colored band inside the fuse. If the band is broken or melted, replace the fuse. Be sure to replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. Fuses of the same amperage can be temporarily borrowed from another fuse location, if a fuse goes out. Replace the fuse as soon as you can. To identify and check fuses, circuit breakers, and relays, see Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS) on page 9‑41 or Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS-V) on page 9‑45 or Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS Wagon) on page 9‑48 and Rear Compartment Fuse Block (CTS) on page 9‑51 or Rear Compartment Fuse Block (CTS-V) on page 9‑53 or Rear Compartment Fuse Block (CTS Wagon) on page 9‑55. Vehicle Care 9-41 Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS) The underhood fuse block is located on the passenger side of the engine compartment. Lift the fuse block cover to access the fuses. Notice: Spilling liquid on any electrical components on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component. 9-42 Vehicle Care Mini-Fuses Usage Mini-Fuses Usage A/C CLTCH ABS AFS Air Conditioning Clutch Antilock Braking System (ABS) Adaptive Forward Lighting System AIRBAG IGN AQS/ ISRVM/ REAR CAMERA AWD Airbag Switch Air Quality Sensor/ Inside Rear View Mirror/Rear View Camera All-Wheel Drive Mini-Fuses BCM 1 BCM 2 BCM 3 BCM 4 BCM 5 BCM 6, BCM 7 DISPLY DRL/LT LO BEAM DRL RT Usage Body Control Module 1 Body Control Module 2 Body Control Module 3 Body Control Module 4 Body Control Module 5 Body Control Module 6 and 7 Display Daytime Running Lamps/Left Low-Beam Headlamp Right Daytime Running Lamp (DRL) Vehicle Care 9-43 Mini-Fuses Usage Mini-Fuses Usage Mini-Fuses Usage DRL/WSW ECM ECM/ TCM IGN EMIS 1 EMIS 2 EVEN COILS Daytime Running Lamps/Windshield Washer Pump Engine Control Module (ECM) ECM, Transmission Control Module (TCM), Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC), PASS-Key III+ Module Emission 1 Emission 2 Even Coils FRT FOG Front Fog Lamps HDLP WASH HORN Not Used Horn LO BEAM DRL LEFT LT HI BEAM LT LO BEAM LTR Low-Beam Daytime Running Lamps (Left) Left High-Beam Headlamp Left Low-Beam Headlamp Cigarette Lighter MISC IGN Ignition NAV MTR Navigation Motor ODD COILS Odd Coils PED PRO Not Used PWR MODING RT HI BEAM RT LO BEAM RT LO BEAM PassKey Module, Body Control Module Right High-Beam Headlamp Right Low-Beam Headlamp Right Low-Beam Headlamp SPARE SPARE STR/WHL/ CNTRL TCM BATT TOSS/BRK VAC RLY WPR SPARE J-Case Fuses Spare Spare Steering Wheel Illumination Transmission Control Module Battery Transmission Output Speed Sensor/Brake Vacuum Relay Windshield Wiper Spare Usage ABS MTR ABS Motor BLWR BRK VAC PUMP EPB Blower Brake Vacuum Pump Not Used 9-44 Vehicle Care J-Case Fuses FAN 1 FAN 2 REAR DEFOG STRTR SPARE Usage Cooling Fan 1 Cooling Fan 2 Rear Defogger Starter Spare WSW/HTR Not Used Relays A/C CMPRSR DRL (W/O HID) LO BEAM (HID) Usage Air Conditioning Compressor Clutch Daytime Running Lamps (without High Intensity Discharge), Low-Beam Headlamps (High Intensity Discharge) Relays FAN S/P FAN 1 FAN 2 Usage Cooling Fan Series/Parallel Cooling Fan 1 Cooling Fan 2 FOG LAMP Fog Lamps HDLP WASH HI BEAM HORN IGN 1 LO BEAM (W/O HID) LT DRL (HID) Not Used High-Beam Headlamp Horn Ignition 1 Low-Beam (without High Intensity Discharge), Left Daytime Running Lamp (High Intensity Discharge) Relays Usage PWR/TRN Powertrain REAR DEFOG RT DRL (HID) SPARE STRTR WPR WPR HI WSW Rear Defogger Right Daytime Running Lamp (High Intensity Discharge) Spare Starter Windshield Wiper Windshield Wiper High Speed Windshield Washer Pump Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS-V) The underhood fuse block is located on the passenger side of the engine compartment. Vehicle Care 9-45 Mini-Fuses Usage Mini-Fuses Usage Lift the fuse block cover to access the fuses. Notice: Spilling liquid on any electrical components on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component. A/C CLTCH ABS AFS Air Conditioning Clutch Antilock Braking System (ABS) Adaptive Forward Lighting System AIRBAG IGN AQS/ ISRVM/ REAR CAMERA BCM 1 Airbag Switch Air Quality Sensor/ Inside Rear View Mirror/Rear View Camera Body Control Module 1 9-46 Vehicle Care Mini-Fuses BCM 2 BCM 3 BCM 4 BCM 5 BCM 6, BCM 7 DISPLY DRL LT DRL RT DRL/WSW ECM Usage Body Control Module 2 Body Control Module 3 Body Control Module 4 Body Control Module 5 Body Control Module 6 and 7 Display Left Daytime Running Lamps Right Daytime Running Lamp (DRL) Daytime Running Lamps/Windshield Washer Pump Engine Control Module (ECM) Mini-Fuses Usage ECM, Transmission Control Module (TCM), Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC), PASS-Key III+ Module Emission 1 Emission 2 Even Coils ECM/ TCM IGN EMIS 1 EMIS 2 EVEN COILS FRT FOG Front Fog Lamps HDLP WASH HORN INTCLR LT HI BEAM LT LO BEAM LTR Headlamp Washer Horn Intercooler Pump Left High-Beam Headlamp Left Low-Beam Headlamp Cigarette Lighter Usage Mini-Fuses MISC IGN Ignition NAV MTR Navigation Motor ODD COILS Odd Coils PED PRO Not Used PWR MODING RT HI BEAM RT LO BEAM SPARE STR/WHL/ CNTRL S/ROOF TCM BATT WPR PassKey Module, Body Control Module Right High-Beam Headlamp Right Low-Beam Headlamp Spare Steering Wheel Illumination Sunroof Transmission Control Module Battery Windshield Wiper J-Case Fuses Usage ABS MTR ABS Motor BLWR EPB FAN 1 FAN 2 MRTD REAR DEFOG STRTR SPARE Blower Electric Park Brake Cooling Fan 1 Cooling Fan 2 MR Ride/ Suspension Control Rear Defogger Starter Spare WSW/HTR Not Used Relays A/C CMPRSR FAN S/P Usage Air Conditioning Compressor Clutch Cooling Fan Series/Parallel Vehicle Care 9-47 Relays FAN 1 FAN 2 Usage Cooling Fan 1 Cooling Fan 2 FOG LAMP Fog Lamps Relays SPARE STRTR WPR HDLP WASH HI BEAM HORN IGN 1 INTCLR LT DRL Headlamp Washer WPR HI WSW High-Beam Headlamp Horn Ignition 1 Intercooler Pump Left Daytime Running Lamps Usage Spare Starter Windshield Wiper Windshield Wiper High Speed Daytime Running Lamps/Windshield Washer Pump LO BEAM Low Beam PWR/TRN Powertrain REAR DEFOG RT DRL Rear Defogger Right Daytime Running Lamp 9-48 Vehicle Care Engine Compartment Fuse Block (CTS Wagon) The underhood fuse block is located on the passenger side of the engine compartment. Mini-Fuses Usage Mini-Fuses Usage Lift the fuse block cover to access the fuses. Notice: Spilling liquid on any electrical components on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component. A/C CLTCH ABS AFS Air Conditioning Clutch Antilock Braking System (ABS) Adaptive Forward Lighting System AIRBAG IGN AQS/ ISRVM/ REAR CAMERA Airbag Switch Air Quality Sensor/ Inside Rear View Mirror/Rear View Camera Mini-Fuses Usage Mini-Fuses Usage AWD BCM 1 BCM 2 BCM 3 BCM 4 BCM 5 BCM 6, BCM 7 DISPLY DRL RT All-Wheel Drive Body Control Module 1 Body Control Module 2 Body Control Module 3 Body Control Module 4 Body Control Module 5 Body Control Module 6 and 7 Display Right Daytime Running Lamp (DRL) DRL/LT LO BEAM DRL/WSW ECM ECM/ TCM IGN EMIS 1 EMIS 2 EVEN COILS Daytime Running Lamps/Left Low-Beam Headlamp Daytime Running Lamps/Windshield Washer Pump Engine Control Module (ECM) ECM, Transmission Control Module (TCM), Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC), PASS-Key III+ Module Emission 1 Emission 2 Even Coils Vehicle Care 9-49 Mini-Fuses FRT FOG Front Fog Lamps Usage HDLP WASH HORN LO BEAM DRL LEFT LT HI BEAM LT LO BEAM LTR Headlamp Washer Horn Low-Beam Daytime Running Lamps (Left) Left High-Beam Headlamp Left Low-Beam Headlamp Cigarette Lighter MISC IGN Ignition NAV MTR Navigation Motor ODD COILS Odd Coils PED PRO Not Used 9-50 Vehicle Care Mini-Fuses Usage PWR MODING PWR OUTLET RT HI BEAM RT LO BEAM RT LO BEAM SPARE STR/WHL/ CNTRL TCM BATT TOSS/BRK VAC RLY WPR PassKey Module, Body Control Module Console Auxiliary Power Outlet Right High-Beam Headlamp Right Low-Beam Headlamp Right Low-Beam Headlamp Spare Steering Wheel Illumination Transmission Control Module Battery Transmission Output Speed Sensor/Brake Vacuum Relay Windshield Wiper J-Case Fuses Usage ABS MTR ABS Motor BLWR BRK VAC PUMP EPB FAN 1 FAN 2 REAR DEFOG SPARE STRTR TRLR Blower Brake Vacuum Pump Electric Park Brake Cooling Fan 1 Cooling Fan 2 Rear Defogger Spare Starter Trailer Towing WSW/HTR Not Used Relays A/C CMPRSR DRL (W/O HID) LO BEAM (HID) FAN S/P FAN 1 FAN 2 Usage Air Conditioning Compressor Clutch Daytime Running Lamps (without High Intensity Discharge), Low-Beam Headlamps (High Intensity Discharge) Cooling Fan Series/Parallel Cooling Fan 1 Cooling Fan 2 FOG LAMP Fog Lamps HDLP WASH HI BEAM HORN IGN 1 Headlamp Washer High-Beam Headlamp Horn Ignition 1 Relays Usage Rear Compartment Fuse Block (CTS) Vehicle Care 9-51 LO BEAM (W/O HID) Low-Beam (without High Intensity Discharge), Left Daytime Running Lamp (High Intensity Discharge) PWR/TRN Powertrain LT DRL (HID) The rear compartment fuse block is located on top of the battery, on the right side of the trunk. The battery access door must be removed to access the fuse block. REAR DEFOG RT DRL (HID) SPARE STRTR WPR WPR HI Rear Defogger Right Daytime Running Lamp (High Intensity Discharge) Spare Starter Windshield Wiper Windshield Wiper High Speed Relays FUEL/DR/ RELSE Usage Relays Usage Not Used LT/POS/LP Left Position Lamp MRKR/LP Not Used LCK Lock 9-52 Vehicle Care Relays Usage REAR/FOG Not Used RT/POS/LP Not Used STOP/LP Not Used TRUNK/ RELSE UNLCK Unlock Trunk Release Mini-Fuses AIRBAG AMP AUX/ OUTLET CNSTR/ VENT DR/LCK ECM Usage Airbag System Amplifier Auxiliary Power Outlet Canister Vent Door Lock Engine Control Module (ECM) Mini-Fuses EE SEAT Not Used Usage FUEL/ PUMP Fuel Pump LT/POS/LP Left Position Lamp MSM Memory Seat Module ONSTAR OnStar® System Passenger Door Module Audio System PDM RDO RDO/SPKR Audio Speakers REAR/FOG Not Used RKE/ PASS-KEY/ MDL Remote Keyless Entry System, Pass-Key Theft Deterrent Feature Module Usage Mini-Fuses RT/POS/LP Not Used RT/POS/LP Right Position Lamp RVC/SNSR Regulated Voltage Control Sensor Sunroof S/ROOF STOP/LP Not Used THEFT/ UGDO TRLR/ POS/LP TRUNK/ RELSE Theft Deterrent System, Universal Home Remote System Not Used Trunk Release Vehicle Care 9-53 Rear Compartment Fuse Block (CTS-V) The rear compartment fuse block is located on top of the battery, on the right side of the trunk. The battery access door must be removed to access the fuse block. Circuit Breakers Usage DRV/ PWR/SEAT Left Front Power Seat LT/ REAR/ WNDW Left Rear Window PWR CLMN Power Steering Column PWR/ WNDW PASS/ PWR/SEAT REAR/ WNDW Power Window Right Front Power Seat Right Rear Window Relays FUEL/DR/ RELSE Usage Relays Usage Not Used LT/POS/LP Left Position Lamp MRKR/LP Not Used LCK Lock 9-54 Vehicle Care Relays Usage REAR/FOG Not Used RT/POS/LP Not Used STOP/LP Not Used TRUNK/ RELSE UNLCK Unlock Trunk Release Mini-Fuses AIRBAG AMP AUX/ OUTLET CNSTR/ VENT DR/LCK ECM Usage Airbag System Amplifier Auxiliary Power Outlet Canister Vent Door Lock Engine Control Module (ECM) Mini-Fuses EE SEAT Not Used Usage FUEL/ PUMP Fuel Pump LT/POS/LP Left Position Lamp MSM Memory Seat Module ONSTAR OnStar® System Passenger Door Module Audio System PDM RDO REAR/ RDO/SPKR Audio Speakers Rear Differential Cooling Pump DIFF/PUMP REAR/FOG Not Used Mini-Fuses Usage RKE/ PASS-KEY/ MDL Remote Keyless Entry System, Pass-Key Theft Deterrent Feature Module RT/POS/LP Right Position Lamp RT/POS/LP Not Used RVC/SNSR Regulated Voltage Control Sensor Spare SPARE STOP/LP Not Used THEFT/ UGDO TRUNK/ RELSE Theft Deterrent System, Universal Home Remote System Trunk Release Vehicle Care 9-55 Rear Compartment Fuse Block (CTS Wagon) The rear compartment fuse block is located on the passenger side of the vehicle, behind the trim panel in the rear compartment. Circuit Breakers Usage DRV/ PWR/SEAT Left Front Power Seat LT/ REAR/ WNDW PASS/ PWR/SEAT PWR CLMN PWR/ WNDW REAR/ WNDW Left Rear Window Right Front Power Seat Power Steering Column Power Window Right Rear Window Relays FUEL/DR/ RELSE Usage Relays Usage Not Used LT/POS/LP Left Position Lamp MRKR/LP Not Used LCK Lock 9-56 Vehicle Care Relays Usage Mini-Fuses Usage Mini-Fuses REAR/FOG Not Used RT/POS/LP Not Used STOP/LP Not Used TRUNK/ RELSE UNLCK Unlock Trunk Release Mini-Fuses AIRBAG AMP Usage Airbag System Amplifier AUX/ OUTLET CNSTR/ VENT DR/LCK ECM FUEL/ PUMP Auxiliary Power Outlet Canister Vent Door Lock Engine Control Module (ECM) Fuel Pump LT/POS/LP Left Position Lamp Usage Memory Seat Module MSM ONSTAR OnStar® System Passenger Door Module Audio System PDM RDO RDO/SPKR Audio Speakers REAR/FOG Not Used REAR/ WSW Rear Windshield Wiper/Washer Mini-Fuses Usage RKE/ PASS-KEY/ MDL Remote Keyless Entry System, Pass-Key Theft Deterrent Feature Module RT/POS/LP Not Used RT/POS/LP Right Position Lamp RVC/SNSR S/ROOF Regulated Voltage Control Sensor Sunroof Mini-Fuses STOP/LP Not Used Usage THEFT/ UGDO TRLR/ POS/LP WASH/ PUMP Theft Deterrent System, Universal Home Remote System Trailer Turn Position Lamps Windshield Washer Pump Vehicle Care 9-57 Circuit Breakers Usage DRV/ PWR/SEAT Left Front Power Seat LT/ REAR/ WNDW PASS/ PWR/SEAT PWR CLMN PWR/ WNDW REAR/ WNDW Left Rear Window Right Front Power Seat Power Steering Column Power Window Right Rear Window 9-58 Vehicle Care Wheels and Tires Tires Your new vehicle comes with high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. If you ever have questions about your tire warranty and where to obtain service, see your vehicle Warranty booklet for details. For additional information refer to the tire manufacturer. { WARNING Poorly maintained and improperly used tires are dangerous. . Overloading your tires can cause overheating as a result of too much flexing. You could have an air-out and a serious accident. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 8‑12. . Underinflated tires pose the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting accident could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when your tires are cold. See Tire Pressure on page 9‑66. (Continued) WARNING (Continued) . Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured or broken by a sudden impact — such as when you hit a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure. . Worn, old tires can cause accidents. If your tread is badly worn, or if your tires have been damaged, replace them. See Tire Pressure for High-Speed Operation on page 9‑67 for inflation pressure adjustment for high speed driving. Winter Tires If you expect to drive on snow or ice covered roads often, you may want to get winter tires for your vehicle. All season tires provide good overall performance on most surfaces but they may not offer the traction you would like or the same level of performance as winter tires on snow or ice covered roads. Winter tires, in general, are designed for increased traction on snow and ice covered roads. With winter tires, there may be decreased dry road traction, increased road noise, and shorter tread life. After switching to winter tires, be alert for changes in vehicle handling and braking. See your dealer/retailer for details regarding winter tire availability and proper tire selection. Also, see Buying New Tires on page 9‑75. If you choose to use winter tires: . Use tires of the same brand and tread type on all four wheel positions. . Use only radial ply tires of the same size, load range, and speed rating as the original equipment tires. Winter tires with the same speed rating as your original equipment tires may not be available for H, V, W, Y, and ZR speed rated tires. If you choose winter tires with a lower speed rating, never exceed the tire's maximum speed capability. Low-Profile Tires If your vehicle has 235/50ZR18, P235/50R18, 255/40ZR19 or 285/35ZR19 size tires, they are classified as low-profile tires. These tires are designed for very responsive driving on wet Vehicle Care 9-59 or dry pavement. You may also notice more road noise with low-profile performance tires and that they tend to wear faster. Notice: If the vehicle has low-profile tires, they are more susceptible to damage from road hazards or curb impact than standard profile tires. Tire and/or wheel assembly damage can occur when coming into contact with road hazards like, potholes, or sharp edged objects, or when sliding into a curb. The vehicle warranty does not cover this type of damage. Keep tires set to the correct inflation pressure and, when possible avoid contact with curbs, potholes, and other road hazards. 9-60 Vehicle Care Summer Performance Tires Many General Motors high performance models come factory-equipped with tires that are optimized for maximum dry and wet road performance while still retaining satisfactory tread life, excellent durability, and low noise levels. In severe winter climates where snowfall may be significant, these tires may be found to provide less traction. Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into its sidewall. The examples below show a typical passenger vehicle tire and a compact spare tire sidewall. (B) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (C) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. (D) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT (Department of Transportation) code is the Tire Identification Number (TIN). Passenger (P-Metric) Tire Example (A) Tire Size: The tire size is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (E) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (F) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG): Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. For more information see Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 9‑78 . (G) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load. Compact Spare Tire Example (A) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (B) Temporary Use Only: The compact spare tire or temporary use tire has a tread life of approximately 5 000 km (3,000 miles) and should not be driven at speeds over 105 km/h (65 mph). The compact spare tire is for emergency use when a regular road tire has lost air Vehicle Care 9-61 and gone flat. If your vehicle has a compact spare tire, see Compact Spare Tire on page 9‑102 and If a Tire Goes Flat on page 9‑81 . (C) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT (Department of Transportation) code is the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (D) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load. 9-62 Vehicle Care (E) Tire Inflation: The temporary use tire or compact spare tire should be inflated to 420 kPa (60 psi). For more information on tire pressure and inflation see Tire Pressure on page 9‑66 . (F) Tire Size: A combination of letters and numbers define a tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. The letter T as the first character in the tire size means the tire is for temporary use only. (G) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. Tire Designations Tire Size The following illustration shows an example of a typical passenger vehicle tire size. (A) Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (B) Tire Width: The three-digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. (C) Aspect Ratio: A two-digit number that indicates the tire height-to-width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 60, as shown in item C of the illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 60 percent as high as it is wide. (D) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted-bias ply construction. (E) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches. (F) Service Description: These characters represent the load index and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carry capacity a tire is certified to carry. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load. Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure: The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in psi (pounds per square inch) or kPa (kilopascal). Accessory Weight: This means the combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are, automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio: The relationship of a tire's height to its width. Belt: A rubber coated layer of cords that is located between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials. Bead: The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Cold Tire Pressure: The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in psi (pounds per square inch) or kPa (kilopascal) Vehicle Care 9-63 before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Tire Pressure on page 9‑66 . Curb Weight: The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo. DOT Markings: A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) motor vehicle safety standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 8‑12 . 9-64 Vehicle Care GAWR FRT: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 8‑12 . GAWR RR: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 8‑12 . Intended Outboard Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire, that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa): The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire: A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index: An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279 that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire. Maximum Inflation Pressure: The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall. Maximum Load Rating: The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire. Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight: The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight: The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 68 kg (150 lbs). See Vehicle Load Limits on page 8‑12 . Occupant Distribution: Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire. Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure: Vehicle manufacturer's recommended tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Tire Pressure on page 9‑66 and Vehicle Load Limits on page 8‑12 . Radial Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim: A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated. Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating: An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate. Traction: The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators: Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 9‑74 . UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards): A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a tire's traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 9‑78 . Vehicle Care 9-65 Vehicle Capacity Weight: The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 68 kg (150 lbs) plus the rated cargo load. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 8‑12 . Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire: Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard: A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle's capacity weight and the original equipment tire size and recommended inflation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Vehicle Load Limits on page 8‑12 . 9-66 Vehicle Care Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively. Notice: Do not let anyone tell you that under-inflation or over-inflation is all right. It is not. If your tires do not have enough air (under-inflation), you can get the following: . Too much flexing . Too much heat . Tire overloading . Premature or irregular wear . Poor handling . Reduced fuel economy If your tires have too much air (over-inflation), you can get the following: . Unusual wear . Poor handling . Rough ride . Needless damage from road hazards A vehicle specific Tire and Loading Information label is attached to your vehicle. This label shows your vehicle's original equipment tires and the correct inflation pressures for your tires when they are cold. The recommended cold tire inflation pressure, shown on the label, is the minimum amount of air pressure needed to support your vehicle's maximum load carrying capacity. For additional information regarding how much weight your vehicle can carry, and an example of the Tire and Loading Information label, see Vehicle Load Limits on page 8‑12 . How you load your vehicle affects vehicle handling and ride comfort. Never load your vehicle with more weight than it was designed to carry. When to Check Check your tires once a month or more. Do not forget to check the compact spare tire, if the vehicle has one. The compact spare should be at 60 psi (420 kPa). For additional information regarding the compact spare tire, see Compact Spare Tire on page 9‑102 . How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gage to check tire pressure. You cannot tell if your tires are properly inflated simply by looking at them. Radial tires may look properly inflated even when they are under-inflated. Check the tire's inflation pressure when the tires are cold. Cold means your vehicle has been sitting for at least three hours or driven no more than 1.6 km (1 mile). Remove the valve cap from the tire valve stem. Press the tire gage firmly onto the valve to get a pressure measurement. If the cold tire inflation pressure matches the recommended pressure on the Tire and Loading Information label, no further adjustment is necessary. If the inflation pressure is low, add air until you reach the recommended amount. If you overfill the tire, release air by pushing on the metal stem in the center of the tire valve. Re-check the tire pressure with the tire gage. Be sure to put the valve caps back on the valve stems. They help prevent leaks by keeping out dirt and moisture. Tire Pressure for High-Speed Operation { WARNING Driving at high speeds, 160 km/h (100 mph) or higher, puts an additional strain on tires. Sustained high-speed driving causes excessive heat build up and can cause sudden tire failure. You could have a crash and you or others could be killed. Some high-speed rated tires require (Continued) Vehicle Care 9-67 WARNING (Continued) inflation pressure adjustment for high speed operation. When speed limits and road conditions are such that a vehicle can be driven at high speeds, make sure the tires are rated for high speed operation, in excellent condition, and set to the correct cold tire inflation pressure for the vehicle load. If your vehicle has 235/50ZR18, 255/40ZR19 or 285/35ZR19 size tires, they will require inflation pressure adjustment when driving your vehicle at speeds of 160 km/h (100 mph) or higher. Set the cold inflation pressure to the maximum inflation pressure shown on the tire sidewall, or 300 kPa (44 psi), whichever is lower. See the example following. 9-68 Vehicle Care When you end this high-speed driving, return the tires to the cold tire inflation pressure shown on the Tire and Loading Information label. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 8‑12 and Tire Pressure on page 9‑66 . Example: You will find the maximum load and inflation pressure molded on the tire's sidewall, in small letters, near the rim flange. It will read something like this: Maximum load 690 kg (1521 lbs) 300 kPa (44 psi) Max. Press. For this example, you would set the inflation pressure for high-speed driving at 44 psi (300 kPa). Tire Pressure Monitor System The Tire Pressure Monitor System

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2010 Cadillac CTS Owners Manual