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your vehicle handles. These could cause you to lose control and crash. Also, overloading can shorten the life of the vehicle.


4-21


Tire and Loading Information Label


Example Label


A vehicle specific Tire and Loading Information label is attached to the vehicle’s center pillar (B-pillar). With the driver’s door open, you will find the label attached below the door lock post (striker). The Tire and Loading Information label shows the number of occupant seating positions (A), and the maximum vehicle capacity weight (B) in kilograms and pounds.


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The Tire and Loading Information label also shows the tire size of the original equipment tires (C) and the recommended cold tire inflation pressures (D). For more information on tires and inflation see Tires on page 5-63 and Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 5-72. There is also important loading information on the Certification label. It tells you the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) for the front and rear axle; see “Certification Label” later in this section. Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement “The combined weight of


occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs” on your vehicle’s placard.


2. Determine the combined weight of the driver


and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.


3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kg or XXX lbs.


4. The resulting figure equals the available


amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if the “XXX” amount equals 1400 lbs and there will be five 150 lb passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs (1400 − 750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs). 5. Determine the combined weight of luggage


and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4.


6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, the load


from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle. See Towing a Trailer (CTS-V) on page 4-29
or Towing a Trailer (CTS) on page 4-29
for important information on towing a trailer, towing safety rules, and trailering tips.


Example 1


Item


Description Vehicle Capacity Weight for Example 1 = Subtract Occupant Weight 150 lbs (68 kg) × 2 = Available Occupant and Cargo Weight =


Total


1,000 lbs (453 kg)


300 lbs (136 kg)


700 lbs (317 kg)


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Example 2


Example 3


Item


Description Vehicle Capacity Weight for Example 2 = Subtract Occupant Weight 150 lbs (68 kg) × 5 = Available Cargo Weight =


Total


Item


1,000 lbs (453 kg)


750 lbs (340 kg)


250 lbs (113 kg)


Description Vehicle Capacity Weight for Example 3 = Subtract Occupant Weight 200 lbs (91 kg) × 5 = Available Cargo Weight =


Total


1,000 lbs (453 kg)


1,000 lbs (453 kg)


0 lbs (0 kg)


4-24


Refer to your vehicle’s Tire and Loading Information label for specific information about your vehicle’s capacity weight and seating positions. The combined weight of the driver, passengers, and cargo should never exceed your vehicle’s capacity weight. Certification Label


shows the gross weight capacity of your vehicle, called the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). The GVWR includes the weight of the vehicle, all occupants, fuel, and cargo. The Certification label also shows the maximum weights for the front and rear axles, called the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). Never exceed the GVWR or the GAWR for either the front or rear axle.


{ CAUTION:


Do not load the vehicle any heavier than the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), or either the maximum front or rear Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). If you do, parts on the vehicle can break, and it can change the way your vehicle handles. These could cause you to lose control and crash. Also, overloading can shorten the life of the vehicle.


Notice: Overloading your vehicle may cause damage. Repairs would not be covered by your warranty. Do not overload your vehicle.


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A vehicle specific Certification label is attached to either the driver’s door edge or the lower center pillar on the driver’s side of the vehicle. This label


Towing


Towing Your Vehicle Consult your dealer/retailer or a professional towing service if the disabled vehicle needs to be towed. See Roadside Service on page 7-8. To tow the vehicle behind another vehicle for recreational purposes (such as behind a motorhome), see Recreational Vehicle Towing following.


Recreational Vehicle Towing Recreational vehicle towing means towing the vehicle behind another vehicle – such as behind a motorhome. The two most common types of recreational vehicle towing are known as “dinghy towing” (towing the vehicle with all four wheels on the ground) and “dolly towing” (towing the vehicle with two wheels on the ground and two wheels up on a device known as a “dolly”).


If you put things inside your vehicle, like suitcases, tools, packages, or anything else, they will go as fast as the vehicle goes. If you have to stop or turn quickly, or if there is a crash, they will keep going.


{ CAUTION:


Things you put inside the vehicle can strike and injure people in a sudden stop or turn, or in a crash.


(cid:129) Put things in the trunk of your vehicle.


In a trunk, put them as far forward as you can. Try to spread the weight evenly.


(cid:129) Never stack heavier things, like


suitcases, inside the vehicle so that some of them are above the tops of the seats. (cid:129) Do not leave an unsecured child restraint


in the vehicle.


(cid:129) When you carry something inside the vehicle, secure it whenever you can.


(cid:129) Do not leave a seat folded down unless


you need to.


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Here are some important things to consider before recreational vehicle towing: (cid:129) What is the towing capacity of the towing vehicle?


Be sure to read the tow vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations.


(cid:129) What is the distance that will be travelled? Some


vehicles have restrictions on how far and how long they can tow. Is the proper towing equipment going to be used? See your dealer/retailer or trailering professional for additional advice and equipment recommendations. Is the vehicle ready to be towed? Just as preparing the vehicle for a long trip, make sure the vehicle is prepared to be towed. See Before Leaving on a Long Trip on page 4-16.


If the vehicle is towed with all four wheels


Dinghy Towing Notice: on the ground, the drivetrain components could be damaged. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Do not tow the vehicle with all four wheels on the ground. The vehicle was not designed to be towed with all four wheels on the ground. If a rear-wheel-drive vehicle must be towed, a dolly or a trailer should be used. If an all-wheel-drive vehicle must be towed, a trailer should be used. See “Dolly Towing” following for more information.


4-27


(cid:129) (cid:129) 3. Firmly set the parking brake. See Parking Brake on


page 2-44.


4. Put the vehicle in P (Park) for an automatic


transmission or in 1 (First) for a manual transmission.


5. Securely attach the vehicle being towed to


the dolly.


6. Clamp the steering wheel in a straight-ahead


position with a clamping device designed for towing.


7. Turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF. Dolly Towing (All-Wheel-Drive Vehicles) Notice: Towing an all-wheel-drive vehicle with all four wheels on the ground, or even with only two of its wheels on the ground, will damage drivetrain components. Do not tow an all-wheel-drive vehicle with any of its wheels on the ground. All-wheel-drive vehicles can only be towed with all four wheels on a trailer.


Dolly Towing (Rear-Wheel-Drive Vehicles)


Use the following procedure to dolly tow a rear-wheel-drive vehicle from the rear: 1. Attach the dolly to the tow vehicle following the


dolly manufacturer’s instructions. 2. Put the rear wheels on the dolly.


4-28


Towing a Trailer (CTS-V) The CTS-V is neither designed nor intended to tow a trailer.


Towing a Trailer (CTS)


{ CAUTION:


The driver can lose control when pulling a trailer if the correct equipment is not used or the vehicle is not driven properly. For example, if the trailer is too heavy, the brakes may not work well — or even at all. The driver and passengers could be seriously injured. The vehicle may also be damaged; the resulting repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Pull a trailer only if all the steps in this section have been followed. Ask your dealer/ retailer for advice and information about towing a trailer with the vehicle.


The vehicle can tow a trailer if it is equipped with the proper trailer towing equipment. To identify the trailering capacity of the vehicle, read the information in “Weight of the Trailer” that appears later in this section. Trailering is different than just driving the vehicle by itself. Trailering means changes in handling, acceleration, braking, durability and fuel economy. Successful, safe trailering takes correct equipment, and it has to be used properly. The following information has many time-tested, important trailering tips and safety rules. Many of these are important for your safety and that of your passengers. So please read this section carefully before pulling a trailer. Load-pulling components such as the engine, transmission, rear axle, wheel assemblies and tires are forced to work harder against the drag of the added weight. The engine is required to operate at relatively higher speeds and under greater loads, generating extra heat. The trailer also adds considerably to wind resistance, increasing the pulling requirements.


4-29


Pulling A Trailer Here are some important points:


There are many different laws, including speed limit restrictions, having to do with trailering. Make sure the rig will be legal, not only where you live but also where you will be driving. A good source for this information can be state or provincial police.


(cid:129) Do not tow a trailer at all during the first 1,000 miles


(1 600 km) the new vehicle is driven. The engine, axle or other parts could be damaged. Then, during the first 500 miles (800 km) that a trailer is towed, do not drive over 50 mph (80 km/h) and do not make starts at full throttle. This helps the engine and other parts of the vehicle wear in at the heavier loads.


(cid:129) Vehicles with automatic transmissions can tow in D (Drive). Shift the transmission to a lower gear if the transmission shifts too often under heavy loads and/or hilly conditions. For vehicles with a manual transmission, it is better not to use the highest gear.


(cid:129) Obey speed limit restrictions when towing a trailer. Do not drive faster than the maximum posted speed for trailers, or no more than 55 mph (90 km/h), to save wear on the vehicle’s parts.


Three important considerations have to do with weight:


The weight of the trailer. The weight of the trailer tongue. The total weight on the vehicle’s tires.


Weight of the Trailer How heavy can a trailer safely be? It should never weigh more than 1,000 lbs (450 kg). But even that can be too heavy. It depends on how the rig is used. For example, speed, altitude, road grades, outside temperature and how much the vehicle is used to pull a trailer are all important. It can depend on any special equipment on the vehicle, and the amount of tongue weight the vehicle can carry. See “Weight of the Trailer Tongue” later in this section for more information. Maximum trailer weight is calculated assuming only the driver is in the tow vehicle and it has all the required trailering equipment. The weight of additional optional equipment, passengers and cargo in the tow vehicle must be subtracted from the maximum trailer weight. Ask your dealer/retailer for our trailering information or advice, or write us at our Customer Assistance Offices. See Customer Assistance Offices on page 7-6 for more information.


4-30


(cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) Weight of the Trailer Tongue The tongue load (A) of any trailer is an important weight to measure because it affects the total gross weight of the vehicle. The Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) includes the curb weight of the vehicle, any cargo carried in it, and the people who will be riding in the vehicle. If there are a lot of options, equipment, passengers or cargo in the vehicle, it will reduce the tongue weight the vehicle can carry, which will also reduce the trailer weight the vehicle can tow. If towing a trailer, the tongue load must be added to the GVW because the vehicle will be carrying that weight, too. See Loading the Vehicle on page 4-21
for more information about the vehicle’s maximum load capacity.


For a weight-carrying hitch, the trailer tongue (A) should weigh 10 to 15 percent of the total loaded trailer weight (B). After loading the trailer, weigh the trailer and then the tongue, separately, to see if the weights are proper. If they are not, adjustments might be made by moving some items around in the trailer.


4-31


Total Weight on the Vehicle’s Tires Be sure the vehicle’s tires are inflated to the upper limit for cold tires. These numbers can be found on the Certification label. See Loading the Vehicle on page 4-21. Make sure not to go over the GVW limit for the vehicle, or the GAWR, including the weight of the trailer tongue. Hitches It is important to have the correct hitch equipment. Crosswinds, large trucks going by and rough roads are a few reasons why the right hitch is needed.


The rear bumper on the vehicle is not intended for hitches. Do not attach rental hitches or other bumper-type hitches to it. Use only a frame-mounted hitch that does not attach to the bumper.


(cid:129) Will any holes be made in the body of the vehicle when the trailer hitch is installed? If so, be sure to seal the holes when the hitch is removed. If they are not sealed, deadly carbon monoxide (CO) from the engine’s exhaust can get into the vehicle. See Engine Exhaust on page 2-51. Sealing the holes will also prevent dirt and water from entering the vehicle.


Safety Chains Always attach chains between the vehicle and the trailer. Cross the safety chains under the tongue of the trailer to help prevent the tongue from contacting the road if it becomes separated from the hitch. Instructions about safety chains may be provided by the hitch manufacturer or by the trailer manufacturer. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendation for attaching safety chains and do not attach them to the bumper. Always leave just enough slack so the rig can turn. Never allow safety chains to drag on the ground. Trailer Brakes Does the trailer have its own brakes? Be sure to read and follow the instructions for the trailer brakes so they are installed, adjusted and maintained properly. Because the vehicle has StabiliTrak®, do not try to tap into the vehicle’s hydraulic brake system. If you do, both brake systems will not work well, or at all. Trailer Wiring Harness All of the electrical circuits required for the trailer lighting system can be accessed at the driver’s side rear lamp connector. This connector is located under the carpet on the rear corner of the trunk compartment.


4-32


(cid:129) Driving with a Trailer Towing a trailer requires a certain amount of experience. Get to know the rig before setting out for the open road. Get acquainted with the feel of handling and braking with the added weight of the trailer. And always keep in mind that the vehicle you are driving is now longer and not as responsive as the vehicle is by itself. Before starting, check all trailer hitch parts and attachments, safety chains, electrical connectors, lamps, tires and mirror adjustments. If the trailer has electric brakes, start the vehicle and trailer moving and then apply the trailer brake controller by hand to be sure the brakes are working. This checks the electrical connection at the same time. During the trip, check occasionally to be sure that the load is secure, and that the lamps and any trailer brakes are still working. Following Distance Stay at least twice as far behind the vehicle ahead as you would when driving the vehicle without a trailer. This can help to avoid situations that require heavy braking and sudden turns.


Passing More passing distance is needed when towing a trailer. Because the rig is longer, it is necessary to go much farther beyond the passed vehicle before returning to the lane. Backing Up Hold the bottom of the steering wheel with one hand. Then, to move the trailer to the left, move that hand to the left. To move the trailer to the right, move your hand to the right. Always back up slowly and, if possible, have someone guide you. Making Turns Notice: Making very sharp turns while trailering could cause the trailer to come in contact with the vehicle. The vehicle could be damaged. Avoid making very sharp turns while trailering. When turning with a trailer, make wider turns than normal. Do this so the trailer will not strike soft shoulders, curbs, road signs, trees or other objects. Avoid jerky or sudden maneuvers. Signal well in advance.


4-33


Turn Signals When Towing a Trailer The arrows on the instrument panel flash whenever signaling a turn or lane change. Properly hooked up, the trailer lamps also flash, telling other drivers the vehicle is turning, changing lanes or stopping. When towing a trailer, the arrows on the instrument panel flash for turns even if the bulbs on the trailer are burned out. For this reason you may think other drivers are seeing the signal when they are not. It is important to check occasionally to be sure the trailer bulbs are still working. The vehicle has bulb warning lights. When a trailer lighting system is plugged into the vehicle’s lighting system, its bulb warning lights may not let the driver know if one of the lamps goes out. So, when the a trailer lighting system plugged in, be sure to check the vehicle and trailer lamps from time to time to be sure they are all working. Once the trailer lamps are disconnected, the bulb warning lights can again let the driver know that one of the vehicle lamps is out.


Driving On Grades Reduce speed and shift to a lower gear before starting down a long or steep downgrade. If the transmission is not shifted down, the brakes might have to be used so much that they would get hot and no longer work well. On a long uphill grade, shift down and reduce the vehicle’s speed to around 45 mph (70 km/h) to reduce the possibility of the engine and the transmission overheating. Vehicles can tow in D (Drive). Shift the transmission to a lower gear if the transmission shifts too often under heavy loads and/or hilly conditions. For vehicles with a manual transmission, it is better not to use the highest gear. When towing at high altitude on steep uphill grades, consider the following: Engine coolant will boil at a lower temperature than at normal altitudes. If the engine is turned off immediately after towing at high altitude on steep uphill grades, the vehicle may show signs similar to engine overheating. To avoid this, let the engine run while parked, preferably on level ground, with the automatic transmission in P (Park) or the manual transmission in N (Neutral) for a few minutes before turning the engine off. If the overheat warning comes on, see Engine Overheating on page 5-38.


4-34


Parking on Hills


{ CAUTION:


Parking the vehicle on a hill with the trailer attached can be dangerous. If something goes wrong, the rig could start to move. People can be injured, and both the vehicle and the trailer can be damaged. When possible, always park the rig on a flat surface.


If parking the rig on a hill: 1. Press the brake pedal, but if the vehicle has an automatic transmission, do not shift into P (Park) yet. Turn the wheels into the curb if facing downhill or into traffic if facing uphill.


2. Have someone place chocks under the trailer


wheels.


3. When the wheel chocks are in place, release the regular brakes until the chocks absorb the load.


4. Reapply the brake pedal. For vehicles with an


automatic transmission, apply the parking brake and shift into P (Park). For vehicles with a manual transmission, apply the parking brake, place the transmission in 1 (First) and turn the ignition to OFF/LOCK.


5. Release the brake pedal.


4-35


Leaving After Parking on a Hill 1. Apply and hold the brake pedal while you:


(cid:129) Start the engine (cid:129) Shift into a gear (cid:129) Release the parking brake


2. Let up on the brake pedal. 3. Drive slowly until the trailer is clear of the chocks. 4. Stop and have someone pick up and store the


chocks.


Maintenance When Trailer Towing The vehicle needs service more often when pulling a trailer. See this manual’s Maintenance Schedule or Index for more information. Things that are especially important in trailer operation are automatic transmission fluid, engine oil, axle lubricant, belts, cooling system and brake system. It is a good idea to inspect these before and during the trip. Check periodically to see that all hitch nuts and bolts are tight. Engine Cooling When Trailer Towing The cooling system may temporarily overheat during severe operating conditions. See Engine Overheating on page 5-38.


4-36


Section 5


Service and Appearance Care


Service ............................................................5-4
Accessories and Modifications ..........................5-4
California Proposition 65 Warning .....................5-5
California Perchlorate Materials Requirements .....5-5
Doing Your Own Service Work .........................5-5
Adding Equipment to the Outside of


the Vehicle .................................................5-6
Fuel ................................................................5-6
Gasoline Octane ............................................5-6
Gasoline Specifications ....................................5-7
California Fuel ...............................................5-7
Additives .......................................................5-7
Fuels in Foreign Countries ...............................5-8
Filling the Tank ..............................................5-9
Filling a Portable Fuel Container .....................5-12
Checking Things Under the Hood ....................5-12
Hood Release ..............................................5-13
Engine Compartment Overview .......................5-14
Engine Oil ...................................................5-18
Engine Oil Life System ..................................5-21
Engine Cover ...............................................5-23
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter ................................5-25
Automatic Transmission Fluid .........................5-29
Manual Transmission Fluid .............................5-29


Hydraulic Clutch ...........................................5-29
Cooling System ............................................5-30
Engine Coolant .............................................5-31
Coolant Surge Tank Pressure Cap ..................5-38
Engine Overheating .......................................5-38
Overheated Engine Protection


Operating Mode .........................................5-41
Power Steering Fluid .....................................5-41
Windshield Washer Fluid ................................5-42
Brakes ........................................................5-44
Battery ........................................................5-47
Jump Starting ...............................................5-48
All-Wheel Drive ..............................................5-53
Rear Axle .......................................................5-54
Headlamp Aiming ...........................................5-55
Bulb Replacement ..........................................5-58
High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting ............5-58
Halogen Bulbs ..............................................5-59
Front Turn Signal and Fog Lamps ...................5-59
License Plate Lamp ......................................5-60
Replacement Bulbs .......................................5-61
Windshield Wiper Blade Replacement ..............5-61


5-1


Section 5


Service and Appearance Care


Tires ..............................................................5-63
Winter Tires .................................................5-64
Tire Sidewall Labeling ...................................5-65
Tire Terminology and Definitions .....................5-68
Inflation - Tire Pressure .................................5-72
High-Speed Operation ...................................5-74
Tire Pressure Monitor System .........................5-75
Tire Pressure Monitor Operation .....................5-76
Tire Inspection and Rotation ...........................5-80
When It Is Time for New Tires .......................5-81
Buying New Tires .........................................5-82
Different Size Tires and Wheels ......................5-84
Uniform Tire Quality Grading ..........................5-84
Wheel Alignment and Tire Balance ..................5-86
Wheel Replacement ......................................5-86
Tire Chains ..................................................5-88
If a Tire Goes Flat ........................................5-89
Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit ....................5-90
Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit Storage .........5-98
Changing a Flat Tire ...................................5-100
Removing the Spare Tire and Tools ..............5-101
Removing the Flat Tire and Installing the


Spare Tire ..............................................5-102
Storing a Flat or Spare Tire and Tools ...........5-106
Compact Spare Tire ....................................5-108


5-2


Appearance Care ..........................................5-109
Interior Cleaning .........................................5-109
Fabric/Carpet ..............................................5-111
Leather ......................................................5-112
Instrument Panel, Vinyl, and Other


Plastic Surfaces .......................................5-112
Wood Panels ..............................................5-113
Speaker Covers ..........................................5-113
Care of Safety Belts ....................................5-113
Weatherstrips .............................................5-113
Washing Your Vehicle ..................................5-113
Cleaning Exterior Lamps/Lenses ....................5-114
Finish Care ................................................5-114
Windshield and Wiper Blades .......................5-115
Aluminum or Chrome-Plated Wheels


and Trim ................................................5-116
Tires .........................................................5-117
Sheet Metal Damage ...................................5-117
Finish Damage ...........................................5-117
Underbody Maintenance ...............................5-117
Chemical Paint Spotting ...............................5-117
Vehicle Identification .....................................5-118
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) ................5-118
Service Parts Identification Label ...................5-118


Section 5


Service and Appearance Care


Electrical System ..........................................5-119
Add-On Electrical Equipment .........................5-119
Windshield Wiper Fuses ...............................5-119
Power Windows and Other Power Options ......5-119
Fuses and Circuit Breakers ..........................5-120


Underhood Fuse Block (CTS) .......................5-120
Underhood Fuse Block (CTS-V) ....................5-124
Rear Compartment Fuse Block (CTS) ..............5-127
Rear Compartment Fuse Block (CTS-V) ...........5-130
Capacities and Specifications ........................5-133


5-3


Service For service and parts needs, visit your dealer/retailer. You will receive genuine GM parts and GM-trained and supported service people. Genuine GM parts have one of these marks:


Accessories and Modifications When non-dealer/non-retailer accessories are added to the vehicle, they can affect vehicle performance and safety, including such things as airbags, braking, stability, ride and handling, emissions systems, aerodynamics, durability, and electronic systems like antilock brakes, traction control, and stability control. Some of these accessories could even cause malfunction or damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. Damage to vehicle components resulting from the installation or use of non-GM certified parts, including control module modifications, are not covered under the terms of the vehicle warranty and may affect remaining warranty coverage for affected parts. GM Accessories are designed to complement and function with other systems on the vehicle. Your GM dealer/retailer can accessorize the vehicle using genuine GM Accessories. When you go to your GM dealer/retailer and ask for GM Accessories, you will know that GM-trained and supported service technicians will perform the work using genuine GM Accessories. Also, see Adding Equipment to Your Airbag-Equipped Vehicle on page 1-70.


5-4


California Proposition 65 Warning Most motor vehicles, including this one, contain and/or emit chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. Engine exhaust, many parts and systems (including some inside the vehicle), many fluids, and some component wear by-products contain and/or emit these chemicals.


California Perchlorate Materials Requirements Certain types of automotive applications, such as airbag initiators, seat belt pretensioners, and lithium batteries contained in remote keyless transmitters, may contain perchlorate materials. Special handling may be necessary. For additional information, see www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlorate.


Doing Your Own Service Work


{ CAUTION:


You can be injured and the vehicle could be damaged if you try to do service work on a vehicle without knowing enough about it.


(cid:129) Be sure you have sufficient knowledge,


experience, the proper replacement parts, and tools before attempting any vehicle maintenance task.


(cid:129) Be sure to use the proper nuts, bolts, and other fasteners. English and metric fasteners can be easily confused. If the wrong fasteners are used, parts can later break or fall off. You could be hurt.


If doing some of your own service work, use the proper service manual. It tells you much more about how to service the vehicle than this manual can. To order the proper service manual, see Service Publications Ordering Information on page 7-17. This vehicle has an airbag system. Before attempting to do your own service work, see Servicing Your Airbag-Equipped Vehicle on page 1-69.


5-5


Gasoline Octane If the vehicle has the 3.6L V6 engine (VIN Code V), use regular unleaded gasoline with a posted octane rating of 87 or higher. If the octane rating is less than 87, you might notice an audible knocking noise when you drive, commonly referred to as spark knock. If this occurs, use a gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher as soon as possible. If you are using gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher and you hear heavy knocking, the engine needs service. If the vehicle has the 3.6L V6 engine (VIN Code 7), use regular unleaded gasoline with a posted octane rating of 87 or higher. For best performance or trailer towing, you could choose to use middle grade 89 octane unleaded gasoline. If the octane rating is less than 87, you might notice an audible knocking noise when you drive, commonly referred to as spark knock. If this occurs, use a gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher as soon as possible. If you are using gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher and you hear heavy knocking, the engine needs service.


Keep a record with all parts receipts and list the mileage and the date of any service work performed. See Maintenance Record on page 6-18.


Adding Equipment to the Outside of the Vehicle Things added to the outside of the vehicle can affect the airflow around it. This can cause wind noise and can affect fuel economy and windshield washer performance. Check with your dealer/retailer before adding equipment to the outside of the vehicle. Fuel Use of the recommended fuel is an important part of the proper maintenance of this vehicle. To help keep the engine clean and maintain optimum vehicle performance, we recommend the use of gasoline advertised as TOP TIER Detergent Gasoline. The 8th digit of the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) shows the code letter or number that identifies the vehicle’s engine. The VIN is at the top left of the instrument panel. See Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) on page 5-118.


5-6


If the vehicle has the 6.2L supercharged V8 engine (VIN Code P), use premium unleaded gasoline with a posted octane rating of 91 or higher. For best performance, use premium unleaded gasoline with a posted octane rating of 93. In an emergency, you can use regular unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of 87 or higher. If 87 octane fuel is used, do not perform any aggressive driving maneuvers such as wide open throttle applications. You might also hear audible spark knock during acceleration. Refill the tank with premium fuel as soon as possible to avoid damaging the engine. If you are using gasoline rated at 91 octane or higher and you hear heavy knocking, the engine needs service.


Gasoline Specifications At a minimum, gasoline should meet ASTM specification D 4814 in the United States or CAN/CGSB-3.5 or 3.511 in Canada. Some gasolines contain an octane-enhancing additive called methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). We recommend against the use of gasolines containing MMT. See Additives on page 5-7 for additional information.


California Fuel If the vehicle is certified to meet California Emissions Standards, it is designed to operate on fuels that meet California specifications. See the underhood emission control label. If this fuel is not available in states adopting California emissions standards, the vehicle will operate satisfactorily on fuels meeting federal specifications, but emission control system performance might be affected. The malfunction indicator lamp could turn on and the vehicle might fail a smog-check test. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp on page 3-42. If this occurs, return to your authorized dealer/retailer for diagnosis. If it is determined that the condition is caused by the type of fuel used, repairs might not be covered by the vehicle warranty.


Additives To provide cleaner air, all gasolines in the United States are now required to contain additives that help prevent engine and fuel system deposits from forming, allowing the emission control system to work properly. In most cases, you should not have to add anything to the fuel. However, some gasolines contain only the minimum amount of additive required to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations. To help keep fuel injectors and intake valves clean, or if the vehicle experiences problems due to dirty injectors or valves, look for gasoline that is advertised as TOP TIER Detergent Gasoline.


5-7


For customers who do not use TOP TIER Detergent Gasoline regularly, one bottle of GM Fuel System Treatment PLUS, added to the fuel tank at every engine oil change, can help clean deposits from fuel injectors and intake valves. GM Fuel System Treatment PLUS is the only gasoline additive recommended by General Motors. Also, your dealer/retailer has additives that will help correct and prevent most deposit-related problems. Gasolines containing oxygenates, such as ethers and ethanol, and reformulated gasolines might be available in your area. We recommend that you use these gasolines, if they comply with the specifications described earlier. However, E85 (85% ethanol) and other fuels containing more than 10% ethanol must not be used in vehicles that were not designed for those fuels. Notice: This vehicle was not designed for fuel that contains methanol. Do not use fuel containing methanol. It can corrode metal parts in the fuel system and also damage plastic and rubber parts. That damage would not be covered under the vehicle warranty.


Some gasolines that are not reformulated for low emissions can contain an octane-enhancing additive called methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT); ask the attendant where you buy gasoline whether the fuel contains MMT. We recommend against the use of such gasolines. Fuels containing MMT can reduce the life of spark plugs and the performance of the emission control system could be affected. The malfunction indicator lamp might turn on. If this occurs, return to your dealer/retailer for service.


Fuels in Foreign Countries If you plan on driving in another country outside the United States or Canada, the proper fuel might be hard to find. Never use leaded gasoline or any other fuel not recommended in the previous text on fuel. Costly repairs caused by use of improper fuel would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. To check the fuel availability, ask an auto club, or contact a major oil company that does business in the country where you will be driving.


5-8


Filling the Tank


{ CAUTION:


Fuel vapor burns violently and a fuel fire can cause bad injuries. To help avoid injuries to you and others, read and follow all the instructions on the pump island. Turn off the engine when you are refueling. Do not smoke if you are near fuel or refueling the vehicle. Do not use cellular phones. Keep sparks, flames, and smoking materials away from fuel. Do not leave the fuel pump unattended when refueling the vehicle. This is against the law in some places. Do not re-enter the vehicle while pumping fuel. Keep children away from the fuel pump; never let children pump fuel.


The fuel cap is behind a hinged fuel door on the passenger side. To open the fuel door, push the rearward center edge in and release and it will open.


5-9


{ CAUTION:


Fuel can spray out on you if you open the fuel cap too quickly. If you spill fuel and then something ignites it, you could be badly burned. This spray can happen if the tank is nearly full, and is more likely in hot weather. Open the fuel cap slowly and wait for any hiss noise to stop. Then unscrew the cap all the way.


Be careful not to spill fuel. Do not top off or overfill the tank and wait a few seconds after you have finished pumping before removing the nozzle. Clean fuel from painted surfaces as soon as possible. See Washing Your Vehicle on page 5-113.


To remove the fuel cap, turn it slowly counterclockwise. The fuel cap has a spring in it; if the cap is released too soon, it will spring back to the right. While refueling, hang the tethered fuel cap from the hook on the fuel door.


5-10


When replacing the fuel cap, turn it clockwise until it clicks. Make sure the cap is fully installed. The diagnostic system can determine if the fuel cap has been left off or improperly installed. This would allow fuel to evaporate into the atmosphere. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp on page 3-42. The Tighten Gas Cap message in the Driver Information Center (DIC) displays if the fuel cap is not properly installed. See DIC Warnings and Messages on page 3-57 for more information.


{ CAUTION:


If a fire starts while you are refueling, do not remove the nozzle. Shut off the flow of fuel by shutting off the pump or by notifying the station attendant. Leave the area immediately.


Notice: If you need a new fuel cap, be sure to get the right type. Your dealer/retailer can get one for you. If you get the wrong type, it may not fit properly. This may cause the malfunction indicator lamp to light and may damage the fuel tank and emissions system. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp on page 3-42.


5-11


Filling a Portable Fuel Container


{ CAUTION:


Never fill a portable fuel container while it is in the vehicle. Static electricity discharge from the container can ignite the fuel vapor. You can be badly burned and the vehicle damaged if this occurs. To help avoid injury to you and others:


(cid:129) Dispense fuel only into approved containers. (cid:129) Do not fill a container while it is inside a


vehicle, in a vehicle’s trunk, pickup bed, or on any surface other than the ground.


(cid:129) Bring the fill nozzle in contact with the inside of the fill opening before operating the nozzle. Contact should be maintained until the filling is complete.


(cid:129) Do not smoke while pumping fuel. (cid:129) Do not use a cellular phone while


pumping fuel.


Checking Things Under the Hood


{ CAUTION:


An electric fan under the hood can start up and injure you even when the engine is not running. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.


{ CAUTION:


Things that burn can get on hot engine parts and start a fire. These include liquids like fuel, oil, coolant, brake fluid, windshield washer and other fluids, and plastic or rubber. You or others could be burned. Be careful not to drop or spill things that will burn onto a hot engine.


5-12


Hood Release To open the hood:


1. Pull the hood release lever with this symbol on it. It is located inside the vehicle on the lower left side of the instrument panel.


2. Then go to the front of the vehicle and find the


secondary hood release lever. The lever is located under the front edge of the grille near the center. Push the release lever up and raise the hood.


Before closing the hood, be sure all the filler caps are on properly. Then pull the hood down and close it firmly.


5-13


Engine Compartment Overview CTS When you open the hood on the 3.6 L engine (2.8 L engine similar), you will see the following:


5-14


A. Windshield Washer Fluid Reservoir. See “Adding


Washer Fluid” under Windshield Washer Fluid on page 5-42.


B. Underhood Fuse Block (CTS) on page 5-120 or Underhood Fuse Block (CTS-V) on page 5-124.


C. Remote Positive (+) Terminal. See Jump Starting on


page 5-48.


D. Remote Negative (+) Terminal. See Jump Starting


on page 5-48.


E. Passenger Compartment Air Filter. See Passenger


Compartment Air Filter on page 3-29.


F. Engine Cooling Fan. See Cooling System on


page 5-30.


G. Power Steering Fluid Reservoir (Under Engine


Cover). See Power Steering Fluid on page 5-41.


H. Engine Oil Fill Cap. See Engine Oil on page 5-18. I. Engine Oil Dipstick (Out of View). See Engine Oil on


page 5-18.


J. Hydraulic Clutch Reservoir (If Equipped) (Not Shown).


See “When to Check and What to Use” under Hydraulic Clutch on page 5-29.


K. Brake Master Cylinder Reservoir (Out of View).


See Brakes on page 5-44.


L. Engine Coolant Surge Tank and Pressure Cap.


See Cooling System on page 5-30.


M. Engine Air Cleaner/Filter on page 5-25.


5-15


CTS-V When you open the hood on the 6.2L Super Charged engine, you will see the following:


5-16


A. Windshield Washer Fluid Reservoir. See “Adding


Washer Fluid” under Windshield Washer Fluid on page 5-42.


B. Underhood Fuse Block (CTS) on page 5-120 or Underhood Fuse Block (CTS-V) on page 5-124.


C. Remote Positive (+) Terminal. See Jump Starting on


page 5-48.


D. Remote Negative (+) Terminal. See Jump Starting


on page 5-48.


E. Engine Oil Fill Cap (Out of View). See “When to Add Engine Oil” under Engine Oil on page 5-18.


F. Engine Oil Dipstick. See “Checking Engine Oil” under


Engine Oil on page 5-18.


G. Passenger Compartment Air Filter. See Passenger


Compartment Air Filter on page 3-29.


H. Intercooler System Pressure Cap. See Cooling


System on page 5-30.


I. Engine Cooling Fan. See Cooling System on


page 5-30.


J. Hydraulic Clutch Reservoir (If Equipped) (Not Shown).


See “When to Check and What to Use” under Hydraulic Clutch on page 5-29.


K. Brake Master Cylinder Reservoir. See Brakes on


page 5-44.


L. Engine Coolant Surge Tank and Pressure Cap.


See Cooling System on page 5-30.


M. Power Steering Fluid Reservoir (Under Engine


Cover). See Power Steering Fluid on page 5-41.


N. Engine Air Cleaner/Filter on page 5-25.


5-17


Engine Oil


There is an oil pressure light in the instrument cluster and an Oil Pressure Low Stop Engine message on the Driver Information Center (DIC).


If the light and/or message appear, check the engine oil level right away. For more information, see “Oil Pressure Low Stop Engine” under DIC Warnings and Messages on page 3-57 and Oil Pressure Light on page 3-45. Check the engine oil level regularly; this is an added reminder.


Checking Engine Oil It is a good idea to check the engine oil level at each fuel fill. In order to get an accurate reading, the oil must be warm and the vehicle must be on level ground. The engine oil dipstick handle is a yellow loop. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14 for the location of the engine oil dipstick. 1. Turn off the engine and give the oil several minutes to drain back into the oil pan. If this is not done, the oil dipstick might not show the actual level.


2. Pull out the dipstick and clean it with a paper towel or cloth, then push it back in all the way. Remove it again, keeping the tip down, and check the level.


5-18


When to Add Engine Oil


See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14 for the location of the engine oil fill cap.


If the oil level is within the cross-hatched area at the tip of the dipstick, add at least one quart/liter of the recommended oil. This section explains what kind of oil to use. For engine oil crankcase capacity, see Capacities and Specifications on page 5-133. Notice: Do not add too much oil. If the engine has so much oil that the oil level gets above the proper operating range and into the upper cross-hatched area on the dipstick, the engine could be damaged.


Add enough oil to put the level somewhere in the proper operating range. Push the dipstick all the way back in when through.


5-19


What Kind of Engine Oil to Use Look for three things:


Notice: Using oils that do not have the GM4718M Standard designation can cause engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. (cid:129) SAE 5W-30


SAE 5W-30 is best for the vehicle. These numbers on an oil container show its viscosity, or thickness. Do not use other viscosity oils such as SAE 20W-50. (cid:129) American Petroleum Institute (API) starburst symbol


Oils meeting these requirements should have the starburst symbol on the container. This symbol indicates that the oil has been certified by the American Petroleum Institute (API).


(cid:129) GM4718M


This vehicle’s engine requires a special oil meeting GM Standard GM4718M. Oils meeting this standard may be identified as synthetic. However, not all synthetic oils will meet this GM standard. Use only an oil that meets GM Standard GM4718M.


5-20


This vehicle’s engine was filled at the factory with a Mobil 1® synthetic oil meeting all requirements for this vehicle. Substitute Engine Oil: When adding oil to maintain engine oil level, oil meeting GM Standard GM4718M might not be available. You can add substitute oil designated SAE 5W-30 with the starburst symbol at all temperatures. Substitute oil not meeting GM Standard GM4718M should not be used for an oil change.


Engine Oil Additives / Engine Oil Flushes Do not add anything to the oil. The recommended oils with the starburst symbol that meet GM standards are all that is needed for good performance and engine protection. Engine oil system flushes are not recommended and could cause engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty.


Engine Oil Life System When to Change Engine Oil This vehicle has a computer system that indicates when to change the engine oil and filter. This is based on engine revolutions and engine temperature, and not on mileage. Based on driving conditions, the mileage at which an oil change is indicated can vary considerably. For the oil life system to work properly, the system must be reset every time the oil is changed.


When the system has calculated that oil life has been diminished, it indicates that an oil change is necessary. A Change Engine Oil Soon message comes on. See DIC Warnings and Messages on page 3-57. Change the oil as soon as possible within the next 600 miles (1 000 km). It is possible that, if driving under the best conditions, the oil life system might not indicate that an oil change is necessary for over a year. However, the engine oil and filter must be changed at least once a year and at this time the system must be reset. Your dealer/retailer has trained service people who will perform this work using genuine parts and reset the system. It is also important to check the oil regularly and keep it at the proper level. If the system is ever reset accidentally, the oil must be changed at 3,000 miles (5 000 km) since the last oil change. Remember to reset the oil life system whenever the oil is changed.


5-21


How to Reset the Engine Oil Life System The Engine Oil Life System calculates when to change the engine oil and filter based on vehicle use. Whenever the oil is changed, reset the system so it can calculate when the next oil change is required. If a situation occurs where the oil is changed prior to a Change Engine Oil Soon message being turned on, reset the system. Always reset the engine oil life to 100% after every oil change. It will not reset itself. To reset the Engine Oil Life System: 1. Display the OIL LIFE REMAINING on the DIC. 2. Press and hold the SET/RESET button on the DIC for more than five seconds. The oil life will change to 100%.


If the Change Engine Oil Soon message comes back on when the vehicle is started, the Engine Oil Life System has not reset. Repeat the procedure.


What to Do with Used Oil Used engine oil contains certain elements that can be unhealthy for your skin and could even cause cancer. Do not let used oil stay on your skin for very long. Clean your skin and nails with soap and water, or a good hand cleaner. Wash or properly dispose of clothing or rags containing used engine oil. See the manufacturer’s warnings about the use and disposal of oil products. Used oil can be a threat to the environment. If you change your own oil, be sure to drain all the oil from the filter before disposal. Never dispose of oil by putting it in the trash, pouring it on the ground, into sewers, or into streams or bodies of water. Recycle it by taking it to a place that collects used oil.


5-22


Engine Cover Engine Cover (CTS)


To remove: 1. Remove the oil fill cap (A). 2. Raise the right front corner of engine cover (B) to


release from the ball stud.


3. Pull the engine cover (B) forward to slide the rear


tabs (C) out from under the retainers.


4. Lift and remove the engine cover. 5. Reverse Steps 1 through 4 to reinstall engine


cover.


5-23


Engine Cover (CTS-V)


To remove: The engine cover consists of two pieces. Only the larger piece needs to be removed to access the engine oil and power steering fill caps. 1. Raise the front of engine cover (A) to release from


the ball studs (B).


2. Pull the engine cover forward until clear of the


smaller piece.


3. Lift and remove the engine cover. 4. Reverse Steps 1 through 3 to reinstall engine


cover.


5-24


Engine Air Cleaner/Filter The engine air cleaner/filter is in the engine compartment on the driver side of the vehicle, near the front. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14 for more information on location. When to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter Inspect the air cleaner/filter at the Maintenance II intervals and replace it at the first oil change after each 50,000 mile (80 000 km) interval. See Scheduled Maintenance on page 6-4 for more information. If you are driving in dusty/dirty conditions, inspect the filter at each engine oil change. How to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter To inspect the air cleaner/filter, remove the filter from the vehicle and lightly shake the filter to release loose dust and dirt. If the filter remains caked with dirt, a new filter is required.


To inspect or replace the engine air cleaner/filter: 1. Turn the ignition off.


2. Remove the side cover by pulling up on the front of


the cover.


5-25


3. Disconnect the electrical connector from the air box. 4. Loosen the screw on the clamp holding the air outlet duct in place. Do not remove the clamp. Move the duct aside.


5. Remove the hose from the air cleaner housing


mounting arm. Move the hose aside.


6. Remove the three air cleaner housing cover


screws.


5-26


7. Pivot the air cleaner housing cover and remove the


cover from the air cleaner housing.


8. Remove the air cleaner filter from the air cleaner


housing.


5-27


How to Reinstall Engine Air Cleaner/Filter 1. Install the air cleaner into the air cleaner housing.


The outer air cleaner filter seal must be fitted properly in the air cleaner housing.


2. Align the air cleaner housing cover tabs to the air


cleaner housing.


3. Install the air cleaner housing cover. 4. Install the air cleaner housing cover screws. 5. Install the hose to the air cleaner housing mounting


arm. The hose must be routed correctly.


6. Install the air cleaner outlet duct to the air cleaner


housing.


7. Tighten the air cleaner outlet duct screw clamp. 8. Attach the electrical connector to the air box. 9. Reinstall the side cover.


{ CAUTION:


Operating the engine with the air cleaner/filter off can cause you or others to be burned. The air cleaner not only cleans the air; it helps to stop flames if the engine backfires. If it is not there and the engine backfires, you could be burned. Do not drive with it off, and be careful working on the engine with the air cleaner/filter off.


If the air cleaner/filter is off, a backfire can


Notice: cause a damaging engine fire. And, dirt can easily get into the engine, which will damage it. Always have the air cleaner/filter in place when you are driving.


5-28


Automatic Transmission Fluid How to Check Automatic Transmission Fluid It is not necessary to check the transmission fluid level. A transmission fluid leak is the only reason for fluid loss. If a leak occurs, take the vehicle to the dealer/retailer service department and have it repaired as soon as possible. There is a special procedure for checking and changing the transmission fluid. Because this procedure is difficult, it should be done at the dealer/retailer service department. Contact your dealer/retailer for additional information or the procedure can be found in the service manual. To purchase a service manual, see Service Publications Ordering Information on page 7-17. Notice: Use of the incorrect automatic transmission fluid may damage the vehicle, and the damages may not be covered by the vehicle’s warranty. Always use the automatic transmission fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-14.


Change the fluid and filter at the intervals listed in Additional Required Services on page 6-6, and be sure to use the fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-14.


Manual Transmission Fluid It is not necessary to check the manual transmission fluid level. A transmission fluid leak is the only reason for fluid loss. If a leak occurs, take the vehicle to a dealer/retailer for service. Have it repaired as soon as possible. You may also have the fluid level checked by your dealer/ retailer when the oil is changed. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-14 for the proper fluid to use.


Hydraulic Clutch It is not necessary to regularly check clutch fluid unless you suspect there is a leak in the system. Adding fluid will not correct a leak. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired.


5-29


When to Check and What to Use


The hydraulic clutch fluid reservoir cap has this symbol on it. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14 for reservoir location.


Cooling System The cooling system allows the engine to maintain the correct working temperature. When you decide it is safe to lift the hood, here is what you will see:


Refer to the Maintenance Schedule for the proper fluid to use. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-14. The fluid requires changing every two years. See Additional Required Services on page 6-6. How to Check and Add Fluid Visually check the clutch fluid reservoir to make sure the fluid level is at the MIN (minimum) line on the side of the reservoir. The hydraulic clutch fluid system should be closed and sealed. Do not remove the cap to check the fluid level or to top-off the fluid level. Remove the cap only when necessary to add the proper fluid until the level reaches the MIN line.


5-30


A. Electric Engine Cooling Fan(s) (Out of View) B. Coolant Surge Tank and Pressure Cap


{ CAUTION:


An electric engine cooling fan under the hood can start up even when the engine is not running and can cause injury. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.


{ CAUTION:


Heater and radiator hoses, and other engine parts, can be very hot. Do not touch them. If you do, you can be burned. Do not run the engine if there is a leak. If you run the engine, it could lose all coolant. That could cause an engine fire, and you could be burned. Get any leak fixed before you drive the vehicle.


Notice: Using coolant other than DEX-COOL® can cause premature engine, heater core, or radiator corrosion. In addition, the engine coolant could require changing sooner, at 30,000 miles (50 000 km) or 24 months, whichever occurs first. Any repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use DEX-COOL® (silicate-free) coolant in the vehicle.


Engine Coolant The cooling system in the vehicle for all engines and the intercooler is filled with DEX-COOL®. This coolant is designed to remain in the vehicle for five years or 150,000 miles (240 000 km), whichever occurs first. The following explains the cooling system and how to check and add coolant when it is low. If there is a problem with engine overheating, see Engine Overheating on page 5-38.


5-31


What to Use


{ CAUTION:


Adding only plain water to the cooling system can be dangerous. Plain water, or some other liquid such as alcohol, can boil before the proper coolant mixture will. The vehicle’s coolant warning system is set for the proper coolant mixture. With plain water or the wrong mixture, the engine could get too hot but you would not get the overheat warning. The engine could catch fire and you or others could be burned. Use a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL® coolant.


Use a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL® coolant. If using this mixture, nothing else needs to be added. This mixture: (cid:129) Gives freezing protection down to −34°F (−37°C),


outside temperature.


(cid:129) Gives boiling protection up to 265°F (129°C),


engine temperature.


(cid:129) Protects against rust and corrosion. (cid:129) Will not damage aluminum parts. (cid:129) Helps keep the proper engine temperature.


5-32


If extra inhibitors and/or additives are used


If an improper coolant mixture is used,


Notice: the engine could overheat and be badly damaged. The repair cost would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Too much water in the mixture can freeze and crack the engine, radiator, heater core, and other parts. Notice: in the vehicle’s cooling system, the vehicle could be damaged. Use only the proper mixture of the engine coolant listed in this manual for the cooling system. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-14 for more information. Checking Coolant The vehicle must be on a level surface when checking the coolant level. The engine coolant reservoir is located in the engine compartment on the driver side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14.


Check to see if coolant is visible in the surge tank. If the coolant inside the surge tank is boiling, do not do anything else until it cools down. If coolant is visible but the coolant level is not at or above the FULL COLD mark, add a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL® coolant at the coolant surge tank, but be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done. See Engine Coolant on page 5-31 for more information. If the engine is warm or hot, the coolant level should be at or above the FROID/FULL COLD line on the side of the coolant surge tank. If the engine is cold, the coolant level should be near the FROID/FULL COLD line on the side of the coolant surge tank. If it is not, there could be a leak in the cooling system.


5-33


{ CAUTION:


Steam and scalding liquids from a hot cooling system can blow out and burn you badly. They are under pressure, and if you turn the surge tank pressure cap — even a little — they can come out at high speed. Never turn the cap when the cooling system, including the surge tank pressure cap, is hot. Wait for the cooling system and surge tank pressure cap to cool if you ever have to turn the pressure cap.


If coolant is needed, add the proper DEX-COOL® coolant mixture at the coolant surge tank.


How to Add Coolant to the Surge Tank


{ CAUTION:


You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Do not spill coolant on a hot engine.


Notice: This vehicle has a specific coolant fill procedure. Failure to follow this procedure could cause the engine to overheat and be severely damaged.


{ CAUTION:


An electric engine cooling fan under the hood can start up even when the engine is not running and can cause injury. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.


5-34


If no coolant is visible in the surge tank, add coolant as follows: 1. Remove the coolant surge tank pressure cap when the cooling system, including the coolant surge tank pressure cap and upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise about one-quarter turn and then stop. If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left.


2. Then keep turning the pressure cap slowly and


remove it.


5-35


4. With the coolant surge tank pressure cap off, start


the engine and let it run until you can feel the upper radiator hose getting hot. The upper radiator hose is the top hose coming out of the radiator, on the passenger side of the vehicle. Watch out for the engine cooling fans. By this time, the coolant level inside the coolant surge tank may be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper mixture to the coolant surge tank until the level reaches the FROID/FULL COLD line on the side of the coolant surge tank.


5. Then replace the pressure cap. Be sure the pressure cap is hand-tight and fully seated.


If the pressure cap is not tightly installed,


Notice: coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured. Recheck the coolant level in the bottle next time you use your vehicle to insure the system is full when cold. See Engine Coolant on page 5-31.


3. Fill the coolant surge tank with the proper mixture,


to slightly above the FROID/FULL COLD line on the side of the coolant surge tank.


5-36


Checking Coolant in the Intercooler System (CTS-V) The vehicle must be on a level surface when checking the coolant level. The super charged engine intercooler coolant fill bottle is located in the engine compartment on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14. Check to see if coolant is visible in the coolant fill bottle. If the coolant inside the coolant fill bottle is boiling, do not do anything else until it cools down. If coolant is visible but the coolant level is not at or above the COLD FILL mark, add a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL® coolant at the coolant fill bottle, but be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done. If the engine is warm or hot, the coolant level should be at or above the COLD FILL line on the side of the coolant fill bottle. If the engine is cold, the coolant level should be near the COLD FILL line on the side of the coolant fill bottle. If it is not, you could have a leak in the cooling system.


Adding Coolant to the Intercooler System Coolant (CTS-V)


1. Remove the intercooler system pressure cap when


the intercooler system hoses are no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise about one-quarter of a turn. If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. This allows any pressure still left to be vented.


2. Then keep turning the pressure cap slowly and


remove it.


5-37


3. Add the proper DEX-COOL® coolant mixture to the


fill neck until the coolant reaches the COLD FILL line on the fill neck. With the intercooler system pressure cap off, start the engine and let it run for a couple of minutes. Then turn the engine off. By this time, the coolant level inside the fill neck may be lower. If the level drops to where coolant is no longer visible in the horizontal tube section of the fill neck, with the engine off add more of the DEX-COOL® coolant mixture to the fill neck until the level is again visible in the horizontal tube section


4. Then replace the pressure cap. Be sure the pressure cap is hand-tight and fully seated.


If the pressure cap is not tightly installed,


Notice: coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured. If the coolant is not at the proper level when the system cools down again, see your dealer/retailer.


Coolant Surge Tank Pressure Cap If the pressure cap is not tightly installed, Notice: coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured. The coolant surge tank pressure cap must be fully installed on the coolant surge tank. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14 for more information on location.


Engine Overheating The vehicle has several indicators to warn of engine overheating. There are two engine hot messages that may be displayed in the Driver Information Center (DIC). See DIC Warnings and Messages on page 3-57 for more information. You may decide not to lift the hood when this warning appears, but instead get service help right away. See Roadside Service on page 7-8.


5-38


If you do decide to lift the hood, make sure the vehicle is parked on a level surface. Then check to see if the engine cooling fans are running. If the engine is overheating, both fans should be running. If they are not, do not continue to run the engine and have the vehicle serviced. Notice: Engine damage from running the engine without coolant is not covered by the warranty. Notice: with no coolant, the vehicle can be badly damaged. The costly repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. See Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode on page 5-41 for information on driving to a safe place in an emergency.


If the engine catches fire while driving


If Steam Is Coming From The Engine Compartment


{ CAUTION:


Steam from an overheated engine can burn you badly, even if you just open the hood. Stay away from the engine if you see or hear steam coming from it. Turn it off and get everyone away from the vehicle until it cools down. Wait until there is no sign of steam or coolant before you open the hood. If you keep driving when the vehicles engine is overheated, the liquids in it can catch fire. You or others could be badly burned. Stop the engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool. See Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode on page 5-41 for information on driving to a safe place in an emergency.


5-39


If No Steam Is Coming From The Engine Compartment If an engine overheat warning is displayed but no steam can be seen or heard, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when the vehicle: (cid:129) Climbs a long hill on a hot day. (cid:129) Stops after high-speed driving. Idles for long periods in traffic. Tows a trailer.


If the overheat warning is displayed with no sign of steam: 1. Turn the air conditioning off. 2. Turn the heater on to the highest temperature and


to the highest fan speed. Open the windows as necessary.


3. In heavy traffic, let the engine idle in N (Neutral)


while stopped. If it is safe to do so, pull off the road, shift to P (Park) or N (Neutral) and let the engine idle.


If the temperature overheat gage is no longer in the overheat zone or an overheat warning no longer displays, the vehicle can be driven. Continue to drive the vehicle slow for about 10 minutes. Keep a safe vehicle distance from the car in front of you. If the warning does not come back on, continue to drive normally. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park the vehicle right away. If there is no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while parked. If the warning is still displayed, turn off the engine until it cools down. Also, see “Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode” next in this section.


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(cid:129) (cid:129) Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode This operating mode allows your vehicle to be driven to a safe place in an emergency. Should a hot engine condition exist, an overheat protection mode which alternates firing groups of cylinders helps prevent engine damage. In this mode, there is a loss in power and engine performance. Driving extended miles (km) and/or towing a trailer in the overheat protection mode should be avoided. Notice: After driving in the overheated engine protection operating mode, to avoid engine damage, allow the engine to cool before attempting any repair. The engine oil will be severely degraded. Repair the cause of coolant loss and change the oil. See Engine Oil on page 5-18.


Power Steering Fluid


See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14 for the location of the power steering fluid reservoir.


When to Check Power Steering Fluid It is not necessary to regularly check power steering fluid unless you suspect there is a leak in the system or you hear an unusual noise. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired.


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How to Check Power Steering Fluid To check the power steering fluid: 1. Turn the key off and let the engine compartment


cool down.


2. Wipe the cap and the top of the reservoir clean. 3. Unscrew the cap and wipe the dipstick with a


clean rag.


4. Replace the cap and completely tighten it. 5. Remove the cap again and look at the fluid level on


the dipstick.


The level should be between the HOT and COLD marks. If necessary, add only enough fluid to bring the level up to the mark.


What to Use To determine what kind of fluid to use, see Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-14. Always use the proper fluid. Notice: Use of the incorrect fluid may damage the vehicle and the damages may not be covered by the vehicle’s warranty. Always use the correct fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-14.


Windshield Washer Fluid What to Use When adding windshield washer fluid to the vehicle, be sure to read the manufacturer’s instructions before use. If you will be operating your vehicle in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing.


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Adding Washer Fluid The Washer Fluid Low Add Fluid message will appear on the Driver Information Center (DIC) when the fluid level is low. See DIC Warnings and Messages on page 3-57 for more information.


Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14 for reservoir location.


Notice: (cid:129) When using concentrated washer fluid, follow the


manufacturer’s instructions for adding water.


(cid:129) Do not mix water with ready-to-use washer fluid.


Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage your washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system. Also, water does not clean as well as washer fluid. Fill the washer fluid tank only three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.


(cid:129) Do not use engine coolant (antifreeze) in your windshield washer. It can damage the vehicle’s windshield washer system and paint.


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(cid:129) Brakes Brake Fluid


The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with DOT 3 brake fluid. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14 for the location of the reservoir.


There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down:


The brake fluid level goes down because of normal brake lining wear. When new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up.


(cid:129) A fluid leak in the brake hydraulic system can also


cause a low fluid level. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later the brakes will not work well.


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Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.


{ CAUTION:


If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.


If the ignition is in ON/RUN and the brake fluid is low, the Service Brake System message displays in the DIC. See DIC Warnings and Messages on page 3-57. When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light on page 3-38.


(cid:129) What to Add DOT 3 brake fluid is recommended. DOT 4 brake fluid is also compatible with the vehicle’s brake system parts. However, if DOT 4 fluid is used, it is recommended that the brake hydraulic system be flushed and refilled with new DOT 4 fluid at a regular maintenance service every two years. See Additional Required Services on page 6-6. Use new brake fluid from a sealed container only. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-14. Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. This helps keep dirt from entering the reservoir.


Notice: (cid:129) Using the wrong fluid can badly damage brake


hydraulic system parts. For example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in the brake hydraulic system can damage brake hydraulic system parts so badly that they will have to be replaced. Do not let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid. If brake fluid is spilled on the vehicle’s painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Be careful not to spill brake fluid on the vehicle. If you do, wash it off immediately. See Washing Your Vehicle on page 5-113.


{ CAUTION:


With the wrong kind of fluid in the brake hydraulic system, the brakes might not work well. This could cause a crash. Always use the proper brake fluid.


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(cid:129) Brake Wear This vehicle has disc brakes. Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.


{ CAUTION:


The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to an accident. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.


Notice: Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair. Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications in Capacities and Specifications on page 5-133. Brake linings should always be replaced as complete axle sets.


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Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer/retailer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service might be required. Brake Adjustment Every time the brakes are applied, with or without the vehicle moving, the brakes adjust for wear. Replacing Brake System Parts The braking system on a vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. The vehicle was designed and tested with top-quality brake parts. When parts of the braking system are replaced — for example, when the brake linings wear down and new ones are installed — be sure to get new approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes might not work properly. For example, if someone puts in brake linings that are wrong for the vehicle, the balance between the front and rear brakes can change — for the worse. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed.


Battery This vehicle has a maintenance free battery. It is located in the trunk, behind the trim panel, on the passenger side of the vehicle. When it is time for a new battery, see your dealer/retailer for one that has the replacement number shown on the original battery’s label. Warning: Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling. After a power loss, such as disconnecting the battery or removing the maxi fuses in the power distribution fuse block, the following steps must be performed to calibrate the electronic throttle control. If this is not done, the engine will not run properly. 1. Turn the ignition to ON/RUN. Do not start the


engine.


2. Leave the ignition in ON/RUN for at least


three minutes so that the electronic throttle control will cycle and re-learn its home position.


3. Turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF. 4. Start and run the engine for at least 30 seconds.


Vehicle Storage


{ CAUTION:


Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting on page 5-48 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.


Infrequent Usage: If the vehicle is driven infrequently, remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery. This helps keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: For extended storage of the vehicle, remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger. This helps maintain the charge of the battery over an extended period of time.


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Jump Starting If the vehicle battery has run down, you may want to use another vehicle and some jumper cables to start your vehicle. Be sure to use the following steps to do it safely.


{ CAUTION:


Batteries can hurt you. They can be dangerous because:


(cid:129) They contain acid that can burn you. (cid:129) They contain gas that can explode or ignite. (cid:129) They contain enough electricity to burn you. If you do not follow these steps exactly, some or all of these things can hurt you.


Ignoring these steps could result in costly


Notice: damage to the vehicle that would not be covered by the warranty. Trying to start the vehicle by pushing or pulling it will not work, and it could damage the vehicle. 1. Check the other vehicle. It must have


a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.


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If the other vehicle’s system is not a 12-volt


Notice: system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged. Only use vehicles with 12-volt systems with negative grounds to jump start your vehicle. 2. Get the vehicles close enough so the jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles are not touching each other. If they are, it could cause a ground connection you do not want. You would not be able to start your vehicle and the bad grounding could damage the electrical systems. To avoid the possibility of the vehicles rolling, set the parking brake firmly on both vehicles involved in the jump start procedure. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in NEUTRAL before setting the parking brake.


If you leave the radio or other accessories


Notice: on during the jump starting procedure, they could be damaged. The repairs would not be covered by the warranty. Always turn off the radio and other accessories when jump starting the vehicle. 3. Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Unplug


unnecessary accessories plugged into the cigarette lighter or the accessory power outlets. Turn off the radio and all lamps that are not needed. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries. And it could save the radio!


4. Open the hoods and locate the positive (+) and


negative (−) terminal locations or the remote positive (+) and remote negative (−) terminals of the other vehicle. Then locate the remote positive (+) location on your vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14 for more information on locations the terminals.


Notice: If you connect a negative cable to the Engine Control Module (ECM), ECM mounting bracket, or any cables that attach to the ECM bracket, you may damage the ECM. Always attach the negative cable to your vehicle’s remote negative ground location, instead of the ECM, ECM bracket, or any cables attached to the ECM bracket.


{ CAUTION:


An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.


Your vehicle has a remote negative (−) ground location, as shown in the illustration. It is located on the rear passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-14. You should always use this remote ground location, instead of the terminal on the battery.


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{ CAUTION:


{ CAUTION:


Using a match near a battery can cause battery gas to explode. People have been hurt doing this, and some have been blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the battery has enough water. You do not need to add water to the battery installed in your new vehicle. But if a battery has filler caps, be sure the right amount of fluid is there. If it is low, add water to take care of that first. If you do not, explosive gas could be present. Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Do not get it on you. If you accidentally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the place with water and get medical help immediately.


Fans or other moving engine parts can injure you badly. Keep your hands away from moving parts once the engine is running.


5. Check that the jumper cables do not have loose or


missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock. The vehicles could be damaged too. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) or to a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one. Negative (−) will go to a heavy, unpainted metal engine part or to a remote negative (−) terminal if the vehicle has one. Do not connect positive (+) to negative (−) or you will get a short that would damage the battery and maybe other parts too. And do not connect the negative (−) cable to the negative (−) terminal on the dead battery because this can cause sparks.


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6. Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+)


terminal of the dead battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one.

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