2003 Saab 9 5 Owners Manual

WARNING

(cid:127) The cargo in the luggage compart- ment must be anchored properly, even if the cargo net is correctly in position. The only purpose of the net is to prevent light objects from being thrown about in the cabin during heavy braking or in the event of a crash.

(cid:127) Take extra care when tipping the wide section of the rear seat forwards if the car has a pull-out cargo net on the rear of the backrest. Make sure that no one is injured by the cargo net’s storage cassette on the right-hand side where the backrest is already folded.

The pull-out cargo net can also be used when the whole rear seat is folded. There are two front attachment points in the roof for this purpose. Removing the cargo net storage cas- sette 1 Fold down the entire rear seat (see

page 142).

2 Push the cassette to the right.

Cover over the fixing point for the cargo net

Cargo net (accessory) The pull-out cargo net’s storage cassette is mounted on the rear of the backrest. 1 Remove the covers near the two rear

fixing points in the roof. Carefully bend in the lower edge of the cover with a screw- driver.

2 Pull the cargo net out directly back-

wards.

3 Snap the net’s two fasteners into the two

fixing points on the roof.

4 Make sure that the hooks on the net’s

own storage cassette fit against the net mesh.

Attaching the cargo net to the roof

Hooks on the net’s storage cassette

Interior equipment and trunk

147

Setting up the sliding floor

The function of the sliding floor is to facilitate loading and unloading. Securing loads, see page 141. When the car is parked and the floor is pulled out, it can bear the weight of two people (maximum 440 lbs./200 kg).

Setting up 1 Lift up the floor. 2 Fold out the support wheels. 3 Set the floor down on the support

wheels.

Sliding floor (accessory)

WARNING

To avoid personal injury take note of the following:

(cid:127) Do not leave children unsupervised when the sliding floor is drawn out.

(cid:127) Be aware of the risk of pinching when

handling the sliding floor.

(cid:127) Never drive the car with the sliding

floor pulled out.

(cid:127) Always use the car’s regular cargo

anchoring when transporting a cargo.

(cid:127) Provide protection on sharp edges to

prevent damage to the anchoring straps.

(cid:127) The sliding floor must not be changed

or modified in any way.

(cid:127) Put the sliding floor in the folded- down

position when it is not in use.

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Interior equipment and trunk

Loading

Folding down the sliding floor

Trunk Release Handle

When the floor is not in use 1 Lift up the floor. 2 Fold down the support wheels. 3 Lay down the sliding floor and make sure

that it is locked in its lower position.

Loading/Unloading 1 Lift the handle and pull out the sliding

floor to the outer locking position. Make sure that the floor is locked correctly.

2 Put on the cargo, but make sure that it

does not cover the handle.

3 Lift the handle and push in the floor to the inner locking position. Make sure that the floor is locked correctly.

4 Tie down the load with Saab’s load

straps according to the instructions, see page 144.

Trunk Release Handle There is a glow-in-the-dark trunk release handle located inside the trunk on the latch. This handle will glow following exposure to light. Pull the release handle down to open the trunk from the inside.

NOTICE

The trunk release handle was not designed to be used to tie down the trunk lid or as a an anchor point when securing items in the trunk. Improper use of the trunk release could damage it.

Interior equipment and trunk

149

Stowage of spare wheel and tools under trunk floor

Jack location, between spare wheel and sill

Spare wheel and tools The spare wheel, together with the jack and jack handle, front towrope attachment eye and toolkit, are stowed away underneath the trunk. There is also room for a spare bulb kit (accessory).

WARNING

Stow all tools carefully away after use, so that they cannot get loose and cause injury in the event of a crash.

Driving considerations with compact spare wheel/tire fitted, see page 188.

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Interior equipment and trunk

Button for releasing filler door

To open fuel filler door in an emergency 9-5 Sedan

To open filler door in an emergency, 9-5 Wagon

Fuel filler door The fuel filler door is opened by means of a button on the driver’s door. The door is spring-loaded, so it opens slightly automat- ically when released. Refueling, see page 158.

Opening the fuel filler door in an emergency If the fuel filler door fails to open after the button on the driver’s door has been pressed, it can be opened manually from inside the trunk. 9-5 Sedan: Start by checking fuse 25 (see page 228). A thin cable on the right-hand side in the trunk is connected to the catch for the filler door. To open the door, pull the yellow plas- tic arrow on the end of the cable.

9-5 Wagon: Start by checking fuse 25 (see page 228). On the right-hand side of the luggage com- partment, in the storage locker, is a thin wire that is tied to the locking arm of the filler door. To open the door pull the yellow plas- tic arrow attached to the end of the wire.

Starting and driving

151
Starting and driving

Ignition switch ................. 152 Starting the engine .......... 153 Important considerations for driving ....................... 155 Refueling .......................... 158 Engine Break-In Period ... 161 Gear changing ................. 162 Cruise control .................. 171 Braking ............................. 172 Traction Control System. 175 Electronic Stability Program (ESP) ............... 176

Economical motoring ..... 178 Driving in cold weather... 179 Driving in hot weather .... 181 Towing a trailer................ 181 Driving with a roof rack load ................................. 185 Driving at night................ 186 Driving with a load .......... 187 Driving considerations with compact spare wheel/tire fitted .............. 188

Driving with the trunk lid/tailgate open.............. 188 Driving in deep water....... 188 Towing the car.................. 189 Jump starting ................... 191 Saab Parking Assistance 193 Parking brake ................... 195 Parking.............................. 195

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Starting and driving

Ignition switch The combined ignition switch and gear-lever lock is located in the center con- sole between the front seats. The ignition key can only be removed when reverse is engaged (automatic transmission: selector in ”P” position). The key fits all the locks on the car. The key number is specified on the small plastic strap that comes with the keys when the car is delivered. Keep a note of the key number in a safe place, as you will need to quote it if ordering a replacement key. See also page 42.

CK

CK

CK

CK

O FF

LOCK position Engage reverse and turn the key to LOCK. Automatic transmission: select ”P”. The gear lever is locked. This is the only position in which the key can be removed. The parking lights, hazard warning lights and interior lighting all work.

O FF

OFF position Gear lever no longer locked. Certain electrical circuits operational

O FF

OFF

ON position All electrical circuits working. Do not leave the key in the ON position when the engine is not running. Turn the key to OFF to switch off the electrical circuits. In the ON position certain warning and indicator lights come on as a check, and they normally are extinguished after about 3 seconds.

ST (starter) position The starter operates when the key is turned to this position. When released, the key will spring back to the ON position. If the engine fails to start, the key must first be turned back to the position between OFF and LOCK before the starter can be operated again. When the starter motor is running, several electrical circuits are disconnected to facilitate starting.

NOTICE

Take care not to spill drinks or to drop crumbs over the ignition switch. If dirt or liquid gets into it, the switch may not operate properly.

WARNING

(cid:127) Always remove the key before leaving

the car.

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake before

removing the ignition key.

If the car does not start If the text ”KEY NOT ACCEPTED” is shown on the SID, after a failed start attempt, the cause could be a fault in the transmitter in the key, or in the receiver in the ignition lock. The following should be done: (cid:127) Turn the key back to the LOCK position. (cid:127) Turn the key to ON. (cid:127) Press one of the buttons on the remote

control (the LED stops blinking).

(cid:127) Start the engine. Try another key. If this works, then the fault is in the first key. Contact an authorized Saab dealer for checking and rectification. Note: Certain electronic items, such as cellular phones, may affect the starting produce- dure. Be sure that all devices are clear of the key/ignition switch area.

Starting and driving Starting the engine

153

WARNING

(cid:127) When starting the engine:

- Sit down in the driver’s seat. - Depress the clutch pedal fully. If the gear lever is not in the neutral posi- tion, the clutch pedal must be fully depressed or the car will jump for- wards or backwards, which may cause a crash. - Never start the car from outside the vehicle, e.g. through a wound down window. This could lead to serious personal injury.

(cid:127) Engage reverse (R) (position P for

automatic transmission) to remove the ignition key. The key can only be removed in this gear position.

(cid:127) Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas. Be alert to the danger of CO – always open the garage doors before starting the engine in the garage.

(cid:127) There is also a danger of CO poison- ing if the exhaust system is leaking.

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Starting and driving

(cid:127) The tail pipe of the exhaust system

can become very hot during driving. Bear this in mind when loading and unloading the car.

(cid:127) Do not rest or sleep in the car when

parked with the engine running. There is a risk of depressing the accelerator which could lead to engine damage.

It is possible for air to enter the lubricating system in conjunction with an oil or oil-filter change, or if the car has been stored for some time. This air can cause the hydraulic cam followers to emit a ticking noise, which can persist for up to 15 minutes after start- ing. Although this is quite normal and does not indicate any malfunction, it is advisable not to exceed 3,000 rpm before the noise has disappeared. The hydraulic cam lifters are completely service free; the valve clearance is set up at the factory and will not need any subse- quent adjustment.

Starting the engine Avoid racing the engine or putting a heavy load on it before it has warmed up. Drive away as soon as the oil warning light has been extinguished to enable the engine to attain its normal temperature as quickly as possible. The engine has an automatic choke and should be started as follows: Cars with manual transmission To start the engine the clutch pedal must be fully depressed. 1 Depress the clutch pedal fully but do not

touch the accelerator.

2 Start the engine. Let the ignition key

spring back as soon as the engine has started and is running smoothly – at very low temperatures, you may need to run the starter for up to 25 seconds. Wait 20–30 seconds before running the starter again, to give the battery time to recover.

Note: On cars with manual transmission, if the starter fails to engage when the ignition key is turned to the start position, make sure the clutch pedal is full depressed. Misposi- tioned floor mats or other obstructions under the clutch pedal may affect starting. Let the engine idle for about 10 seconds. Do not open the throttle wide for at least 2– 3 minutes after starting.

Cars with automatic transmission 1 The selector lever must be in the P or N

position.

2 Keep your foot on the brake pedal. 3 Start the engine. Let the ignition key

spring back as soon as the engine has started and is running smoothly – at very low temperatures, you may need to run the starter for up to 25 seconds. Wait 20–30 seconds before running the starter again, to give the battery time to recover.

Let the engine idle for about 10 seconds. Do not open the throttle wide for at least 2–3 minutes after starting. Useful tips on cold climate starting If the engine has failed to start after several attempts in very cold weather, press and hold the accelerator down to the floor and run the starter for 5–10 seconds. This will prevent the engine being flooded (exces- sively rich fuel-air mixture). Now start the engine in the normal way – do not touch the accelerator. If the engine stalls immediately after starting (e.g. if the clutch was released too quickly), do not touch the accelerator when restarting the engine.

NOTICE

If the CHECK ENGINE warning light starts to flash, ease off the accelerator slightly. If the light does not cease to flash within 5 seconds, stop the car in a suit- able place as soon as possible and turn off the engine. The car must be towed to an authorized Saab dealer. If the CHECK ENGINE warning light flashes, it indicates that the engine is mis- firing which can result in damage to the catalytic converter.

Limp-home mode The car’s engine-management system includes a diagnostic function that checks numerous internal functions after the engine has been shut off. If a fault is detected in the throttle system, the engine-management system puts the throt- tle system into the limp-home mode. This limits idling control, disables the cruise-con- trol system and limits the capacity of the A/C compressor. If the limp-home mode is in operation (”Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE)” light on, see below) and the outside temper- ature is close to or below freezing, you may need to use some throttle on starting (some pressure on the accelerator). If the diagnostic system has detected a fault in the engine-management system, the ”Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE)” on the main instrument panel will light come on (see page 59), indicating that you should have the car checked as soon as possible by an authorized Saab dealer.

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155

Important considerations for driving The engine-management system in the Saab 9-5 is called Saab Trionic T7. The system manages the ignition, fuel injection and turbo boost pressure. The Trionic T7 system developed by Saab is an intelligent engine-management system designed to achieve optimum driv- ability under differing driving conditions. The system makes adjustments automati- cally, for instance, if the car is being driven at altitude (oxygen-deficient air), for differ- ent grades of fuel (AON 87–93) and for dif- ferent load conditions. 1 Starting and driving (cid:127) Refrain from using full throttle before

the engine has warmed up (before needle in mid-range on temperature gauge).

(cid:127) A safety function prevents the engine from revving faster than 6,000 rpm by limiting the induction air.

2 Stopping the engine (cid:127) Do not rev the engine immediately

before switching it off – stop the engine when it is idling.

3 Regulating the boost pressure (cid:127) The system is optimized for fuel with an

octane rating of AON 90. The 2.3 T (Aero) and 3.0t V6 are optimized for

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Starting and driving

AON 93. One of the advantages of the system is that it enables the engine to be run safely on lower-grade fuel, although not lower than AON 87. (cid:127) The maximum boost pressure is

adjusted automatically to the knocking or pinging tendency of the engine. Occasional, short-lived knocking when the engine is under a heavy load is per- fectly normal; the extent will depend on the grade of fuel in the tank.

(cid:127) Isolated instances of knocking are

more likely to occur with low-octane fuel. This controlled form of knocking, followed by a reduction in the boost pressure, is a sign that the wastegate is functioning and is perfectly safe for the engine.

NOTICE

(cid:127) If the engine sounds strange there is a

fault in the system. Have the car checked without delay by an autho- rized Saab dealer.

(cid:127) The use of fuel with too low an octane rating can cause serious engine dam- age.

WARNING

Important considerations with cata- lytic converters

If the engine is being run with the car on a rolling road or dynamometer, longer than for a standard state emission inspection, to ensure adequate cooling, air must be blown into the engine compartment and under the car at a rate equivalent to the ram-air effect that would be obtained at the corresponding road speed.

NOTICE

Use only unleaded gasoline. Leaded gas- oline is detrimental to the catalyst and oxygen sensor and will seriously impair the function of the catalytic converter.

The catalytic converter is an emission-con- trol device incorporated in the car’s exhaust system. It consists of a metal canister with a honeycomb insert, the cells of which have walls coated in a catalytic layer (mixture of precious metals). To ensure that the catalytic converter con- tinues to function properly, and also to avoid damage to the converter and its associated components, the following points must be observed: (cid:127) Have the car serviced regularly in accor-

dance with the service program. The fuel and ignition systems are particularly important in this context.

(cid:127) Always be alert to any misfiring of the

engine (not running on all cylinders) and any loss of power or performance. At the first sign of a malfunction, reduce speed and take the car to an authorized Saab dealer as soon as possible. If the engine fails to start (in very cold weather or if the battery is flat), the car can be push started (manual gearbox only) or started using jumper cables to a donor

(cid:127) 1

(cid:127) Never park the car on dry grass or other combustible material. The catalytic con- verter gets very hot and could therefore start a fire.

(cid:127) Never drive off if the engine is misfiring. If you jump start the car when the engine is already up to normal temperature, the engine must start to run on all cylinders. Stop jump-starting if the engine fails to start immediately.

NOTICE

Oxygen-sensor-controlled injection system 1 Engine control module 2 Oxygen sensor (lambda probe) 3 Catalytic converters

battery. However, as soon as you have started the engine, it is important that it runs on all cylinders. If it is misfiring, allow it to idle for up to five minutes to give it time to settle and run smoothly. If, after this time, the engine still fails to run properly, turn off the engine and get in touch with an authorized Saab dealer for advice.

If the car runs out of fuel, it is possible for air to get into the fuel system. If this happens, the catalytic converter may overheat and be damaged.

Failure to follow these directions could result in the catalytic converter and associ- ated components being damaged, and could represent a breach of the warranty conditions. 3.0t V6: When starting the engine from cold an electrical pump is activated. This pump forces air into the exhaust system so that the catalytic converter will reach its normal operating temperature more rapidly. The pump is active for 30–60 seconds.

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157

Button for releasing filler flap

Fuel filler flap The fuel filler flap is opened by means of a button on the driver’s door. The flap is spring-loaded, so it opens slightly automat- ically when released.

(cid:127) 158

Starting and driving

Refueling

WARNING

(cid:127) Never use fuel for any purpose other

than as engine fuel.

(cid:127) Fuel is highly flammable and can

cause severe burns. Never use an exposed flame in the vicinity of gaso- line. Never smoke when filling the vehicle up with fuel.

(cid:127) Do not use the phone when refueling. Gasoline fuels are highly explosive.

Only fuel from well-known oil companies should be used. All Saab gasoline engines can be driven on fuel of grade AON 87–93. For optimum performance we recommend: (cid:127) AON 90 for 4-cylinder engines (cid:127) AON 93 for 3.0t V6 and 2.3T Aero, (see

page 260).

If fuel containing a mixture of alcohol is used, the following restrictions apply: Methanol: max. 5 % by volume. Ethanol: max. 10 % by volume. MTBE: max. 15 % by volume. The fuel filler cap is located in the right rear quarter panel. Refuelling: 1 Switch off engine. 2 Open fuel door 3 Insert the fuel-pump nozzle beyond the flange on the filler pipe. Do not withdraw the nozzle while fueling is in progress. 4 Stop refueling the first time the pump

turns off, indicating the tank is full.

NOTICE

(cid:127) Do not overfill. Fuel should not come right up the filler pipe as expansion room is needed.

(cid:127) The use of fuel with too low an octane rating can cause serious engine dam- age.

Fuel-tank capacity: 18.5 US gal. (70 liters) Screw on the filler cap and keep turning until it has clicked at least three times. The most effective way to prevent conden- sation forming in the tank (and thus avoid possible running problems) is to keep the tank well filled. Before the onset of freezing temperatures in winter, it may be advisable to add gasoline anti-freeze to the fuel a few times to dispel any condensation in the system.

NOTICE

(cid:127) Fill to maximum filling capacity (cid:127) Stop filling after the first time that the nozzle trips to shut off the flow of fuel.

(cid:127) Filling capacity can differ between different fuel stations and outside temperature. Fuel tank volume when nozzle trips to shut off, may vary by 0.5 gal. (2 liters).

(cid:127) Do not fill fuel all the way up the filler pipe. The gasoline must be allowed room for expansion especially during hot weather.

Opening the fuel filler door in an emergency, see page 150.

Recommended fuel: The engine in your Saab 9-5 is designed to operate on unleaded gasoline that has an octane rating of 87 or higher. Octane rating is determined according to the formula:

MON + RON

where MON is the Motor Octane Number, and RON is the Research Octane Number. The average of these two values is the octane rating of the gasoline as it appears on the pump at a retail gas station. This value is sometimes referred to as the "Anti-Knock Index" (AKI) or the "Average Octane Number" (AON). To avoid deposit formation on the fuel injec- tors which can cause poor driveability, use only quality gasolines that contain deter- gents and corrosion inhibitors. Because gasolines sold at retail gas stations vary in their composition and quality, you should switch to a different brand if you begin expe- riencing driveability and/or hard starting problems shortly after refueling your car. In recent years, a variety of fuel additives and alcohols or oxygenates have been blended with gasoline. These types of gasolines may be found in all parts of the United States and Canada, but particularly in geographic areas and cities that have high carbon mon- oxide levels. Saab approves the use of such "reformulated" gasolines in its products, which help in reducing pollution from all motor vehicles, provided that the following

Starting and driving

159

blending percentages are met by such fuels: (cid:127) Up to 10 % ethanol by volume, with corro-

sion inhibitors.

(cid:127) Up to 15 % MTBE by volume (methyl ter-

tiary butyl ether).

(cid:127) Up to 5 % methanol by volume, with an

equal amount of a suitable co-solvent and added corrosion inhibitors.

Other, less common, fuel additives used by some gasoline dealers are also acceptable, provided that the resultant gasoline is not more than 2.7 % oxygen by weight. Some Canadian and U.S. gasolines contain an octane enhancing additive called meth- lycyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). If such fuel is used, your emission control system performance may deterio- rate and the malfunction indicator lamp on your instrument panel may turn on. If this occurs, return to your authorized Saab dealer for service. However, these blended gasolines are reg- ulated and should never exceed these rec- ommended blend percentages and service station operators should know if their gaso- lines contain detergents and oxygenates, and have been reformulated to reduce vehi- cle emissions. Nevertheless, if you begin to notice a problem with the way your car starts or runs shortly after it has been refueled, try a different brand of gasoline.

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Starting and driving

NOTICE

NOTICE

Higher concentrations of methanol than listed above, or the use of methanol- blended gasoline without suitable co-solvents and corrosion inhibitors, can damage your car’s fuel system, leading to the need for repairs which are not covered by Saab’s product warranty.

The engine control module (ECM) mon- itoring the engine parameters also stores fault codes. Under certain circumstances, this may cause constant illumination of the ”Engine malfunction (CHECK , thus indicating a ENGINE)” lamp fault that must be checked by your Saab dealer, see page 59. NOTE: always observe the following two measures: (cid:127) Make sure that the fuel filler cap is

screwed on correctly before the engine is started. Screw on the fuel filler cap until you hear 3 distinct clicks.

(cid:127) Avoid driving with the fuel low level indicator illuminated. The symbol illuminates when less than approxi- mately 2 gallons (8 litres) of fuel remains in the tank.

Fuel (Gasoline Engine) Use regular unleaded gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher. Use of gasoline with an octane rating lower than 87 can result in severe engine damage. Damage caused by incorrect fuel being used is not covered under the terms of the New Car Warranty and will be the responsibility of the owner. It is recommended that the gasoline meet specifications which were developed by the American Automobile Manufacturers Asso- ciation (AAMA) and endorsed by the Cana- dian Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Associa- tion for better vehicle performance and engine protection. Gasolines meeting the AAMA specification could provide improved driveability and emission control system performance compared to other gasolines.

In Canada, look for the ”Auto Makers’ Choice” label on the fuel pump.

Some gasolines that are not reformulated for low emissions may contain an octane-enhancing additive called methylcy- clopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT); ask your service station operator whether or not the fuel contains MMT. Saab Automobile AB does not recommend the use of such gasolines. If fuels containing MMT are used, spark plug life may be reduced and your emission control system performance may be affected. The malfunc- tion indicator lamp on your instrument panel may turn on. If this occurs, return to your authorized Saab dealer for service.

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161
Engine Break-In Period Pistons, bores and bearings need time to obtain uniform, wear-resistant surfaces. If a new engine is driven too hard, this grad- ual process of bedding-in will not be possi- ble and the life of the engine will be short- ened. During the first 1,200 miles (2,000 km), do not exceed 5,000 rpm. In addition, refrain from driving the car at full throttle, other than for brief instances, during the first 1,800 miles (3,000 km). Wearing in new brake pads New brake pads take time to bed in, about 90 miles (150 km) if the car is driven largely under stop-and-go conditions or about 300 miles (500 km) of highway driving. To extend the useful life of the pads, avoid hard braking as much as possible during this period.

Be sure the posted octane is at least 87. If the octane is less than 87, you may get a heavy knocking noise when you drive. If it’s bad enough, it can damage your engine. If you’re using fuel rated at 87 octane or higher and you hear heavy knocking, your engine needs service. But don’t worry if you hear a little pinging noise when you’re accel- erating or driving up a hill. That’s normal, and you don’t have to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid of pinging. It’s the heavy, con- stant knock that means you have a problem. If your vehicle is certified to meet California Emission Standards (indicated on the underhood emission control label), it is designed to operate on fuels that meet Cal- ifornia specifications. If such fuels are not available in states adopting California emis- sions standards, your vehicle will operate satisfactorily on fuels meeting federal spec- ifications, but emission control system per- formance may be affected. The ”Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE)” indicator on your main instrument panel may turn on and/or your vehicle may fail a smog-check test. See ”Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE)” indicator on page 59. If this occurs, return to your authorized Saab dealer for diagnosis to determine the cause of failure. In the event it is determined that the cause of the condition is the type of fuels used, repairs may not be covered by your warranty.

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Gear changing Manual transmission To start the engine the clutch pedal must be fully depressed. The gear positions are marked on the gear lever. Before reverse (R) can be engaged, you must lift the ring underneath the gear-lever knob. To change gear, fully depress the clutch pedal and then release it smoothly. It is inadvisable to drive with your hand resting on the gear lever, as this can increase the wear on the transmission. When changing down from 5th to 4th gear, ease the gear lever straight back, without applying any lateral pressure. This will pre- vent 2nd gear being engaged by mistake, which can result in overreving and possible damage to the engine. Before engaging reverse, wait till the car is at a standstill, release the accelerator and fully depress the clutch. From neutral, press the gear lever firmly to the right before easing it back into reverse.

1 3

R4

NOTICE

When the reverse gear is to be engaged the car must be at a standstill with the accelerator fully released. Lift the reverse lock-out collar and push the gear lever firmly to the right in neutral before easing it into reverse.

Shift-up indicator for improved fuel economy (U.S. models only) Cars equipped with a manual transmission have a "Shift-up" light on the instrument panel. The light begins to work after the vehicle is warmed up and provides you with a good indication when to shift to a higher gear. It is not necessary or recommended to follow the shift-up recommendations in all driving conditions, for example, when driv- ing in heavy urban traffic or steep downhill grades. However, shifting with the light should result in improved fuel economy. Therefore, for reduced fuel consumption and better energy conservation, you should make a habit of shifting before or when the shift-up light comes on. Towing Towing of cars with manual transmission, see page 189.

Automatic transmission

WARNING

(cid:127) Make it a habit to keep your foot on the brake when selecting a drive position, to prevent the car from creeping for- ward (or backward if reverse is selected).

(cid:127) The car must be at a standstill before P, R or N is selected. You have to have your foot on the brake pedal to move the lever out of P. If the car is still moving when a drive position is subse- quently selected, this could cause a crash or damage the automatic trans- mission.

(cid:127) Never park the car with the selector lever in a drive position, even if the parking brake is on.

(cid:127) If you want to leave the car with the engine running, move the selector lever to P or N and apply the parking brake.

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Selector lever

The electronic control module for the auto- matic transmission receives information on engine torque and road speed, and also controls the hydraulic pressure in the trans- mission to ensure that gear changing is as smooth as possible. The position of the selector lever is shown by the symbols adjacent to the lever and also by an indicator on the main instrument panel. If manual mode (M) is selected, the current gear is also displayed on the main instrument panel. The ignition key can only be removed when the selector lever is in the P position.

Selector-lever indicator on main instru- ment panel

When the car is stationary, the engine must be at idling speed when the selector lever is moved. You must have your foot on the brake pedal to move the lever out of park. If the accelerator is depressed while the lever is moved, this will result in abnormal wear in the transmission.

NOTICE

After selecting a drive position, pause briefly to allow the gear to engage (the car starts to pull a little) before you acceler- ate.

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Starting and driving

Detent positions for selector movement

The detent button on the selector lever has to be pressed before the selector can be moved between certain positions.

Lock-up function The automatic transmission has a lock-up function, which can render the torque con- verter inoperative in 3rd, 4th and 5th gears, thus reducing the engine speed and fuel consumption. When the lock-up function comes into oper- ation, it may give the impression of an over- drive being engaged. Kick-down When the accelerator is pressed down hard, a change-down to the next gear will be effected to provide maximum acceleration, e.g. for overtaking. Following this, the next higher gear will be selected at the optimum engine speed for acceleration or, if you ease off the acceler- ator, before reaching this.

Four modes for the automatic transmission can be selected: Normal, Manual, Sport and Winter. The Normal mode, which provides the best fuel economy, is the default setting when the engine is started. Manual mode (Sentronic): see page 167. When the Sport mode is selected, the throttle angle is altered to provide more power at the same throttle setting. The transmission also changes up later than in Normal mode to provide higher perfor- mance. In this mode, the SPORT indicator will appear on the main instrument panel (see page 170). The Winter mode is intended for use when pulling away and driving on icy roads. In this mode, the transmission starts in 3rd gear, to provide better grip, and the WINTER indica- tor appears on the main instrument panel. When the ignition is turned to OFF, the auto- matic transmission will automatically revert to Normal mode (see page 170). Adaptive gear-change pattern is a trans- mission function in the Normal and Sport modes which matches gear changing to current driving conditions. The transmission control module senses the load on the engine and temperature of the transmis- sion. A suitable gear change pattern is then selected automatically to avoid unneces- sary gear changes and undesired tempera- ture increases in the transmission.

Park Brake Shift lock The transmission has a security function known as Park Brake Shift Lock. To move the gear selector out of the P position, the brake pedal must be depressed at the same time as the gear selector catch (detente) is pressed in.

Shift Lock override

NOTICE

Due to electrical problems it may not be possible to move the selector out of the park position, even if the ignition is ON. If for some reason the selector has to be moved out of the park position (i.e. to tow the car a short distance) do as described below.

Check fuse No. 1 (see page 228). If the problem was cured by changing the fuse or battery, you do not have to contact a Saab dealer. If the fuse blows again as soon as the Shift Lock feature is activated you should contact your Saab dealer. If the fuse is OK, check the battery regarding the voltage. 1 Apply the parking brake 2 Make sure the key is in position ON 3 Use a small tool such as a screwdriver and push the lever (see picture) down- wards so that the detent button can be pressed approx. 10 mm

4 Move the selector out of position P to N 5 Remove the tool 6 Release the parking brake if the car is to be moved immediately; otherwise keep it applied

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165

Automatic transmission, fault indicator

If ”Automatic transmission, fault indicator” light appears on the main instrument panel, the system has detected a fault in the auto- matic transmission or its control module (see page 61). This also means that the Limp-home mode has been selected, to guard against further damage being done to the transmission. In this mode, the automatic transmission starts in 5th gear, and gear changes (if nec- essary) will have to be made manually. Stop the car in a safe place. Switch off then restart the engine. If the fault is intermittent, the transmission will operate as normal despite the fault indicator being on. Have the car checked at an authorized Saab dealer. It is not possible to select the SPORT, WINTER or Sentronic mode when the Limp-home mode is active. Gear changes must be made manually. The following gears will be engaged in the respective selector positions when the auto- matic transmission is in Limp-home mode:

Position R

Gear

Reverse

5th

5th

2nd

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Starting and driving

NOTICE

If the control module has actuated the Limp-home function for the automatic transmission, the car will remain in 5th gear when D is selected, making it very sluggish. To overcome this, move the selector lever to position L.

Overheated transmission fluid If the automatic-transmission fluid should overheat, the following message will appear on the SID: ”TRANSMISSION OVERHEATING”. In this event, stop the car in a suitable place, switch off the engine and open the hood. Wait for several minutes then turn on the ignition to check that the message has gone out. When driving subsequent to the trans- mission fluid overheating, select position M and a gear in which the engine speed is about 3,000 rpm. Overheating of the automatic-transmission fluid can occur when the car is towing a heavy load, such as a camping trailer in hilly country. High ambient temperatures can also increase the temperature of the trans- mission fluid or the oil cooler may be faulty. Contact an authorized Saab dealer (see also page 181).

Driving on hilly roads with a heavy load The transmission fluid can overheat when the gearbox is strained, for example, when driving with a trailer on hilly roads. To avoid the transmission fluid overheating, always drive in Normal mode. The adaptive gear change patterns are then active. High air temperatures or a faulty oil cooler can also cause the transmission fluid to overheat. Overheating reduces the service life of the fluid. Contact an authorized Saab dealer (see also page 181).

WARNING

Remember to use engine-braking (selec- tor position D or L) to spare the brakes when you are driving on a long or steep downhill slope. Brake failure can result from overheated brakes!

Towing Towing of cars with automatic transmission, see page 189.

Descending hills If the speed of the car increases while descending a steep hill, despite the acceler- ator being released, the control module will change down a gear when you brake. If you desire more powerful engine braking, man- ually select a lower gear.

Sentronic, manual mode Move the selector lever to the M position. Select a higher gear by flicking the right-hand paddle towards you. Select a lower gear by flicking the left-hand paddle

towards you.

An example of when you may wish to make manual gear changes is when overtaking, to enable you to remain in a low gear for an extended period of time. Changes from 3rd to 4th and from 4th to 5th can be made when the engine speed is above roughly 2,000 rpm. If the road surface is slippery, you may wish to pull off in 2nd or 3rd to reduce the risk of wheel spin. When descending hills you should select a low gear to increase the braking effect of the engine and thus spare the brakes. Manual gear selections are shown on the main instrument panel. The selector posi- tion and the current gear are displayed.

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167

Paddles on the steering wheel for changing gear manually

When the selector lever is in the M position, as opposed to the D position, gas engines are much more responsive to changes in accelerator position. The accelerator has a different feel. When in manual mode, kick-down operates for 4th and 5th gears (below 2,000 rpm). Kick-down cannot be activated in 1st, 2nd or 3rd gears. For optimum performance, gear changes should be made before reaching 6,000 rpm. To avoid damaging the engine and trans- mission, the transmission will shift up a gear if the engine is in danger of overrevving. You may feel a slight jolt before this gear change is effected.

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Starting and driving

Selector positions To shift out of the P position you must depress the brake pedal and the ignition must be ON. The parking position (P) must only be selected when the car is at a complete standstill. The selector lever is locked and the transmission is mechanically immobilized. Always apply the parking brake after parking the car. The engine can be started. The key can be removed. The reverse (R) position must only be selected when the car is at a complete standstill. The detent-release button must be pressed before the selector lever can be moved to R. Wait until reverse gear has engaged (car starts to creep) before touching the accelerator.

In the Neutral position (N), the transmission is disengaged from the engine. The engine can be started, but first ensure that the parking brake is on, to prevent the car from moving off unexpect- edly. To prevent the engine and transmission from becoming hotter than necessary, select N for stops other than brief ones, e.g. if stuck in a traf- fic jam. The normal drive position (D) is recommended for waiting at traffic lights.

The Drive position (D) is the position for normal motoring. Gear changes between 1st and 5th will take place automatically, the timing of which is determined by the throttle (accelerator) posi- tion and the speed of the car. After moving the selector lever to D, pause to give the gear time to engage (car starts to pull).

Move the selector lever from position D to M to allow you to change gear manually. Refer to page 167.

Select position L if you wish to drive in 1st gear. No upchanges will be made if you pull off in posi- tion L. If you move the selector lever from posi- tion D or M to L at a high vehicle speed, the transmission will automatically shift down through 4th, 3rd and 2nd gears to 1st gear, depending on the car’s speed. Use this position for descending steep hills if the car is heavily loaded to spare the brakes.

If you move the selector lever from D to L, downchanges will follow a set pattern to avoid damaging the engine or transmission. Manual gear-changing is not recommended on slippery roads. If one of the drive wheels spins excessively, the engine torque will be reduced to avoid damaging the transmission.

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169

Adaptive gear-change patterns Adaptive gear-change patterns are selected automatically depend- ing on the engine load and the present temperature of the transmis- sion. The function is available in Normal and Sport modes. The changes occur at a higher engine speed and the car remains in the same gear for longer, if the transmission control module senses that the load has not decreased. These gear-change patterns pre- vent unnecessary changing up and down, when for example driving up or down long slopes with a trailer or caravan, and to prevent over- heating the transmission oil. The adaptive gear-change function is also selected automatically when the transmission oil becomes too hot, to protect the transmission itself from damage and to lower the oil temperature. The adaptive gear-change pattern function is deselected when: (cid:127) Winter mode is selected. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The load is reduced so much that the function is no longer

required.

(cid:127) ”Automatic transmission, fault indicator”

instrument panel, see page 165.

appears on main

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Starting and driving

SPORT and WINTER modes

To select Sport mode, press the ”S” button on the selector lever when the selector lever is in position N or D. In this mode, gear changes will take place at higher engine speeds than in Normal mode, in other words, the transmission will change up later and change down earlier for the same throt- tle (accelerator) position. The Sport mode will be deselected if: (cid:127) The S button is pressed. (cid:127) The selector lever is moved to position P,R, M

or L.

(cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The Winter mode is selected. (cid:127) ”Automatic transmission, fault indicator”

appears on main instrument panel, see page 165.

The Winter mode facilitates pulling away and driving on icy roads. Third gear is selected auto- matically for pulling away to reduce wheelspin. Winter mode can be selected when the engine is running by pressing the ”W” button on the selector-lever surround. It cannot be selected when the selector lever is in position M or L. Note: It is still possible to use kick-down in the Winter mode, in which case a change-down to 1st or 2nd will take place. The Winter mode will be deselected if: (cid:127) The W button is pressed. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The selector lever is moved to position M or L. (cid:127) The automatic-transmission fluid overheats. (cid:127) ”Automatic transmission, fault indicator”

appears on main instrument panel, see page 165.

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171

To increase the preset speed Accelerate to the desired speed and press SET/+. You can also increase the speed of the car using the SET/+ button. Press it once to increase the speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h) or hold it in and release when the desired speed is reached. Temporary increase in speed Press the accelerator to override the preset speed, e.g. for overtaking. When you release the accelerator, the system will revert to the preset speed.

Cruise-control switches

To set the desired speed Move the switch to ON. Accelerate to the desired speed (minimum speed: 25 mph (40 km/h))and press SET/+.

Cruise control

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not use the Cruise control system on wet or icy roads, in dense traffic or on winding roads.

(cid:127) Set the control to OFF when you do

not want to use the system, to prevent the system being activated inadvert- ently.

For safety reasons (brake system func- tion) the brakes must be applied once, when the engine has started, before the cruise control system can be activated. The system is operated by means of the controls on the stalk switch: (cid:127) ON/OFF (switch on/off). (cid:127) RESUME/– (Resume preset speed). (cid:127) SET/+ (to set the desired speed). (cid:127) CANCEL (Cancel operation of system,

e.g. to reduce speed temporarily).

When the system is ON, the CRUISE indi- cator light will appear on the main instru- ment panel and will be extinguished when the system is switched OFF. If CANCEL is selected, CRUISE will flash once.

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Starting and driving

To cancel temporarily Move the control stalk to CANCEL (spring-loaded position before OFF posi- tion). This will disengage the system but the preset speed will be retained in the system memory. (The memory is deleted when the engine is switched off.) To re-engage the system To revert to the preset speed, slide the switch to RESUME/–. This will only operate when the car’s speed is above 25 mph (40 km/h). To reduce the preset speed The cruise control system will always disen- gage automatically the moment that either the brake pedal or the clutch pedal is depressed. It is also possible to reduce the speed by means of the RESUME/– button. Sliding the button to RESUME/– once will reduce the speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h). Holding the button in the RESUME/– posi- tion will effect a gradual reduction in speed until the button is released.

Disengaging the system The system will be disengaged: (cid:127) When the brake or clutch pedal is

depressed.

(cid:127) When the switch is moved to CANCEL. (cid:127) When the switch is moved to OFF. (cid:127) When the engine is switched off. (cid:127) When the selector lever is moved to posi- tion N (cars with automatic transmission). (cid:127) When the TCS/ESP system is operative

for more than 1 minute.

Braking To avoid the brakes becoming overheated, (e.g. when negotiating long descents with a drop of several hundred feet), select a low gear to use the braking effect of the engine. If the car has automatic transmission, move the selector lever to position D or L. When driving fast, you can help to prolong the life of the brakes by thinking ahead and braking harder for short periods, rather than braking more moderately over long stretches. Brake pad wear indicators The outboard brake pads on the front wheels incorporate pad-wear indicators. When the lining is down to 3 mm, the pad will produce a screeching, squealing or scraping noise when the brakes are applied. New pads should be fitted without delay. Brake pads should only be replaced by an authorized Saab dealer. To ensure optimum brake performance, it is recommended that you use only Saab original brake pads.

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173

ABS (antilock braking system) modulates the brake pressure to the respective wheels. Wheel sensors detect if a wheel is about to lock, and the control module reduces the pressure to that wheel and then increases it once more until the tendency is detected again. The brake system is equipped with an Elec- tronic Brake-force Distribution device (EBD), which distributes the brake pressure between the front and rear wheels, in such a way as to achieve optimum braking perfor- mance irrespective of the car’s speed and load.

ABS brakes

WARNING

(cid:127) The additional safety afforded by the ABS system is not designed to allow drivers to drive faster but to make normal driving safer.

(cid:127) To stop as quickly as possible, without

loss of directional stability, whether the road surface is dry, wet or slippery, press the brake pedal down hard- without letting up (do not pump the pedal), declutching simulta- neously, and steer the car to safety.

WARNING

(cid:127) It is prudent to try your brakes from

time to time, especially when driving in heavy rain, through water collected on the road, in snow, on a wet road sur- face or in salty slush. In such condi- tions, the brakes may take longer than normal to take effect. To rectify this, touch the brake pedal periodically to dry the brakes out.

(cid:127) The same applies after the car has

been washed or when the weather is very humid.

(cid:127) Avoid parking the car with wet brakes. Before parking, and if the traffic condi- tions allow, brake quite heavily so that the brake discs and pads warm up and dry.

(cid:127) The brakes are power assisted and it should be kept in mind that the servo unit only provides the power assis- tance when the engine is running.

(cid:127) The brake pressure required when the

engine is off,(e.g. when the car is being towed) is roughly four times the normal pedal force required. The pedal also feels hard and unrespon- sive.

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Starting and driving

The ABS system has a built-in diagnostic function which will switch on the Anti-lock brake warning light if a fault is detected in the system (see page 58). The ABS system will not reduce the braking distance on loose gravel or on snow or ice but, because the wheels cannot lock up, some steering control is retained. When the ABS system is working, i.e. mod- ulation of the brake pressure is in progress, the brake pedal will pulsate and a ticking noise will be heard. All this is perfectly nor- mal. Press the pedal down hard (you cannot press too hard) and steer the car to safety.

Braking with ABS – evasive steering

Braking with ABS brakes. When the system is operating, the brake pedal will pulsate gently and the system will make a ticking noise.

Do not release the brake pedal before the car has come to a halt or the danger is past! That is critical. If the road is slippery, the ABS system will operate even when only light pressure is applied to the pedal. This means that you can brake gently to test the condition of the road and adapt your driving accordingly. It is well worth practicing the use of ABS brakes on a skid pad or other suitable facil- ity.

(cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing with the front wheels on different sur- faces (e.g. one slippery and one dry). The TCS then functions like an electronic dif- ferential lock.

(cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing on a slippery road, in which case the TCS eliminates wheelspin. The same applies when the car is reversing.

(cid:127) On cornering, if there is a tendency for the inner front wheel to rotate faster than the other wheels. (cid:127) On overtaking.

WARNING

When driving normally, TCS will help to improve the stability of the car. This does not mean that car can be driven faster. The same care and prudence as normally applied should be displayed on cornering and when driving on slippery roads.

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175

TCS OFF The panel will come on:

indicator on the main instrument

If a fault has been detected and the system has therefore been switched off. If there is a fault in the ABS system. If the system has been switched off man- ually.

The indicator light will also come on for 4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to ON, while an internal system check is per- formed. TCS indicator The indicator light will come on for 4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to ON, while an internal system check is per- formed.

The light in the tachometer comes on when the system is operative, i.e. when the wheels are not rotating at the same speed. The fact that the TCS system is operative indicates that the limit for grip has been exceeded and that the driver must exert greater care.

Traction Control System How the system works The traction control system (TCS) is designed to prevent wheelspin. This enables the car to achieve the best possible grip and, hence, maximum tractive effort, together with greater stability. The TCS system uses information from the ABS system’s wheel sensors to detect when the front (driving) wheels are rotating faster then the rear wheels. It then monitors whether one driving wheel is rotating faster than the other. If so, the faster wheel is retarded until both wheels are rotating at the same speed. If the two front wheels are rotating at the same speed but are turning faster than the rear wheels, the torque from the engine is reduced to eliminate the difference. To ensure that the system works as designed, the dimensions of all four tires must be the same. The process continues until all the wheels are rotating at the same speed. The advantages of the TCS system become most apparent when the cohesion between the front wheels and the road surface is so low that one or both of the wheels would lose their grip were the car not equipped with the TCS, e.g.:

(cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) 176

Starting and driving

Turning the TCS off The TCS is switched on automatically when the engine is started. The system can be switched off manually by the TCS button, whereupon on the main instrument panel will come on. The TCS system cannot be switched off if the car is travelling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h). It may be necessary to switch off the system if the car has become bogged down, for instance. Press TCS to switch it on again. If a fault is detected in the ABS system, the TCS will be switched off automatically. The cruise-control system will automatically be disengaged after one second if it is active when the TCS starts to operate.

Electronic Stability Program (ESP) (option/certain models only)

The Electronic Stability Program employs both the antilock braking system (ABS) and the traction control system (TCS). It is a safety system that helps the driver to stabi- lize the car in unusual circumstances that can otherwise be difficult to handle. How the ESP system works The Electronic Stability Program can help to prevent the car from skidding by braking one or several wheels independently of the driver. The engine output is then also reduced to prevent the driving wheels from spinning. The car has sensors that measure wheel speed, yaw acceleration, lateral acceleration, steering wheel position and braking pressure. The values provided by these sensors are used to calculate the actual direction of the car. If this direction does not agree with that intended by the driver, calculated from the steering wheel position, the ESP is engaged. ESP improves the driver’s chances of retaining control over the car in critical situ- ations. To ensure that the system works as designed, the dimensions of all four tires must be the same.

ESP OFF The if: (cid:127) A fault has been detected and the system

light in the rev counter comes on

has therefore been switched off.

(cid:127) The system has been switched off manu-

ally.

(cid:127) When the ignition key is turned to the ON position, the lamp is lit for about four sec- onds while the system undergoes a self-test.

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177

indicator light in the tachometer

ESP indicator light The comes on for a short period of time when the ESP system is operative. Operation of the ESP indicates reduced cohesion between the tires and the road, and that extra care should be taken by the driver. Turning ESP off The system can be turned off manually with the ESP button, whereupon the light on the main instrument panel will come on. The ESP system cannot be switched off if the car is travelling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h). The ESP is always operative during brak- ing, even if it has been switched off manu- ally.

WARNING

When driving normally, ESP will help to improve the stability of the car. This does not mean that car can be driven faster. The same care and prudence as normally applied should be displayed on cornering and when driving on slippery roads.

Increased stability with ESP. The system applies the brakes to the wheels as shown to prevent the car from skidding

NOTICE

Suspension modifications, such as changing the type of wheels, dampers or springs, can affect the function of the ESP system. Always consult a Saab dealer before changing any suspension components.

178
Starting and driving Economical motoring Factors affecting fuel consumption Fuel consumption is greatly affected by the general driving conditions, the way in which the car is driven and at what speeds, the weather, the state of the road, the condition of the car, etc. Breaking-in Fuel consumption may be somewhat higher during the break-in period (the first 3,000– 4,000 miles (5,000–7,000 km) than stated. Weather conditions Fuel consumption can be as much as 10 % lower in summer than in winter. The higher consumption in cold weather is explained by the longer time it takes for the engine to reach normal operating temperature, and for the transmission and wheel bearings to warm up. Fuel economy is also affected by the distance driven: short journeys of 3– 5 miles (5–8 km) do not give the engine enough time to reach normal temperature. Strong winds can also affect fuel consump- tion.

a major impact on fuel consumption after the engine has started from cold. Thus, if the car is mainly used for short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km), the fuel consumption will be 60–80 % higher than normal. Driving technique (cid:127) To obtain the best running economy, not only regarding fuel consumption but gen- eral wear also, regular service is required.

(cid:127) High speed, unnecessary acceleration,

heavy braking and much low gear work all gives rise to higher fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Frequent gear changing in traffic, starting in cold weather, the use of studded tires and roof racks, and towing a trailer all increase fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Do not run the engine when the car is sta-

tionary. If idling, it will take much longer before the engine becomes hot. Engine wear is greatest during this warming-up phase. Therefore drive away as soon as possible after the engine is started and avoid high revving.

Percentage increase in fuel consumption of engine starting from cold compared to engine at normal temperature.

How to read the graph above: If fuel consumption with the engine at normal temperature is 28 mpg (10l/100 km), the actual fuel consumption 3 miles (5 km) after the engine has started from cold will be: – 23.5 mpg (12l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 68°F (20°C) (increase of 20 %).

– 17.7 mpg (16l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 32°F (0°C) (increase of 60 %).

– 14 mpg (20l/100 km)) at outside temp. of

–4°F (–20°C) (increase of 100 %).

As can be seen, both the distance travelled by the car and the outside temperature have

Engine block heater (standard equipment in Canada, accessory in U.S.) The following are just some of the benefits to the car and the environment of using an engine block heater: (cid:127) Lower fuel consumption. (cid:127) Exhaust emissions substantially reduced

over short runs.

(cid:127) Reduced wear on the engine. Inside of car warms up faster.

The engine heater is effective at outside temperatures up to +15–20°C. The warmer it is outside, the shorter the time the engine heater needs to be connected. Longer than 1.5 hours is unnecessary. If the car is equipped with a removable, electrical cabin heater that is not in use, this should be stored in the luggage compart- ment.

(cid:127) Driving in a low gear results in higher fuel consumption than in a high gear because of the higher engine speed for a given road speed. Always change up to a higher gear as soon as traffic conditions allow and use the highest gear as much as pos- sible.

(cid:127) Check the air pressure in the tires once a month. Incorrect pressures increase tire wear. It is better to have slightly higher pressure than lower.

(cid:127) Check fuel consumption regularly.

Increased consumption can indicate that something is wrong and that the car needs to be checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

Practical trials on the roads have demon- strated that substantial savings in fuel con- sumption can be made if the above advice is heeded. Road conditions Wet roads increase fuel consumption, as do unpaved roads and driving in hilly country (the amount of fuel saved driving downhill is less than the additional amount required to climb the hill).

WARNING

Never switch the engine off while driving as the effect of the brakes and power steering will be greatly reduced.

Starting and driving

179

Driving in cold weather Before starting a journey in cold weather you should check the following: (cid:127) That the wiper blades have not become

frozen to the windshield/glass.

(cid:127) Brush any snow away from the air intake for the heater system (opening between hood and windshield). It may be advisable to lubricate the door-lock cylinder (use molybdenum disulphide, MoS2) to prevent its freezing. If the lock has frozen, take care not to break the key (or use the remote control) – heat it first or spray it with de-icer.

(cid:127) Periodically during the winter, add gaso- line anti-freeze to the fuel to dispel any condensation in the fuel tank which could freeze and cause problems in the system. Keep the tank well filled to reduce the risk of condensation forming. If the car is parked outside in freezing weather, fuel additives (gasoline anti-freeze) will not do any good as it cannot remove water that has already fro- zen. Park the car in a warm place so that any ice that may have built up melts, then add gasoline anti-freeze when filling up the tank. Condensation is caused by