2002 Saab 9 5 Owners Manual

and down) will take place automatically between gears 1, 2, 3 and 4. Moving the selector lever from D to 4 will effect a change-down to 4th gear, which will give better engine-braking. Do not move the selector to position 4 at speeds in excess of 90 mph (150 km/h). Position 3 is recommended in hilly country as it provides effective engine-braking. Normal gear changing (up and down) between 1st and 3rd gear will take place automatically. Fourth and 5th gears are locked out. Do not move the selector to position 3 at speeds in excess of 70 mph (110 km/h).

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Starting and driving

Select position L if you wish to drive in 1st or 2nd gear. This provides maximum engine braking. The transmission shifts down from 2nd to 1st if the speed of the car drops below 20 mph (35 km/h).

If the gear selector lever is moved from position D to L, a change-down to 4th gear will occur at about 110 mph (180 km/h). It will then change-down to 3rd gear at 80 mph (130 km/h), to 2nd gear at 45 mph (75 km/h) and 1st at 20 mph (35 km/h). Manual gear-changing is not recommended on slippery roads.

NOTE

(cid:127) Do not move the selector to position 4 at speeds in excess of

90 mph (150 km/h).

(cid:127) Do not move the selector to position 3 at speeds in excess of

70 mph (110 km/h).

Adaptive gear-change patterns Adaptive gear-change patterns are selected automatically depend- ing on the engine load and the present temperature of the transmis- sion. The function is available in Normal and Sport modes. The changes occur at a higher engine speed and the car remains in the same gear for longer, if the transmission control module senses that the load has not decreased. These gear-change patterns pre- vent unnecessary changing up and down, when for example driving up long slopes with a trailer or caravan, and to prevent overheating the transmission oil. The adaptive gear-change function is also selected automatically when the transmission oil becomes too hot, to protect the transmission itself from damage and to lower the oil temperature. The adaptive gear-change pattern function is deselected when: (cid:127) Winter mode is selected. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The load is reduced so much that the function is no longer

required.

(cid:127) ”Automatic transmission, fault indicator”

instrument panel, see page 159.

appears on main

SPORT and WINTER modes

To select Sport mode, press the ”S” button on the selector lever when the selector lever is in position N, D, 4, 3 or L. In this mode, gear changes will take place at higher engine speeds than in Normal mode, in other words, the transmission will change up later and change down earlier for the same throt- tle (accelerator) position. The Sport mode will be deselected if: (cid:127) The S button is pressed. (cid:127) The selector lever is moved to position P or R. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The Winter mode is selected. (cid:127) ”Automatic transmission, fault indicator”

appears on main instrument panel, see page 159.

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163

The Winter mode facilitates pulling away and driving on icy roads. Third gear is selected auto- matically for pulling away to reduce wheelspin. Winter mode can be selected when the engine is running by pressing the ”W” button on the selector-lever surround. It cannot be selected when the selector lever is in position L. Note: It is still possible to use kick-down in the Winter mode, in which case a change-down to 1st or 2nd will take place. The Winter mode will be deselected if: (cid:127) The W button is pressed. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The selector lever is moved to position L. (cid:127) The automatic-transmission fluid overheats. (cid:127) ”Automatic transmission, fault indicator”

appears on main instrument panel, see page 159.

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164
Cruise control

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not use the Cruise control system on wet or icy roads, in dense traffic or on winding roads.

(cid:127) Set the control to OFF when you do

not want to use the system, to prevent the system being activated inadvert- ently.

For safety reasons (brake system func- tion) the brakes must be applied once, when the engine has started, before the cruise control system can be activated. The system is operated by means of the controls on the stalk switch: (cid:127) ON/OFF (switch on/off). (cid:127) RESUME/– (Resume preset speed). (cid:127) SET/+ (to set the desired speed). (cid:127) CANCEL (Cancel operation of system,

e.g. to reduce speed temporarily).

When the system is ON, the CRUISE indi- cator light will appear on the main instru- ment panel and will be extinguished when the system is switched OFF. If CANCEL is selected, CRUISE will flash once. To set the desired speed Move the switch to ON. Accelerate to the desired speed (minimum speed: 25 mph (40 km/h)) and press SET/+.

Cruise-control switches

To increase the preset speed Accelerate to the desired speed and press SET/+. You can also increase the speed of the car using the SET/+ button. Press it once to increase the speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h) or hold it in and release when the desired speed is reached. Temporary increase in speed Press the accelerator to override the preset speed, e.g. for overtaking. When you release the accelerator, the system will revert to the preset speed. To cancel temporarily Move the control stalk to CANCEL (spring-loaded position before OFF posi- tion). This will disengage the system but the preset speed will be retained in the system

memory. (The memory is deleted when the engine is switched off.) To re-engage the system To revert to the preset speed, slide the switch to RESUME/–. This will only operate when the car’s speed is above 25 mph (40 km/h). To reduce the preset speed The cruise control system will always disen- gage automatically the moment that either the brake pedal or the clutch pedal is depressed. It is also possible to reduce the speed by means of the RESUME/– button. Sliding the button to RESUME/– once will reduce the speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h). Holding the button in the RESUME/– posi- tion will effect a gradual reduction in speed until the button is released. Disengaging the system The system will be disengaged: (cid:127) When the brake or clutch pedal is

depressed.

(cid:127) When the switch is moved to CANCEL. (cid:127) When the switch is moved to OFF. (cid:127) When the engine is switched off. (cid:127) When the selector lever is moved to posi- tion N (cars with automatic transmission).

Braking To avoid the brakes becoming overheated, (e.g. when negotiating long descents with a drop of several hundred feet), select a low gear to use the braking effect of the engine. If the car has automatic transmission, move the selector lever to position 1 or 2. When driving fast, you can help to prolong the life of the brakes by thinking ahead and braking harder for short periods, rather than braking more moderately over long stretches. Brake pad wear indicators The outboard brake pads on the front wheels incorporate pad-wear indicators. When the lining is down to 3 mm, the pad will produce a screeching, squealing or scraping noise when the brakes are applied. New pads should be fitted without delay. Brake pads should only be replaced by an authorized Saab dealer. To ensure optimum brake performance, it is recommended that you use only Saab original brake pads.

ABS brakes

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165

WARNING

(cid:127) It is prudent to try your brakes from

time to time, especially when driving in heavy rain, through water collected on the road, in snow, on a wet road sur- face or in salty slush. In such condi- tions, the brakes may take longer than normal to take effect. To rectify this, touch the brake pedal periodically to dry the brakes out.

(cid:127) The same applies after the car has

been washed or when the weather is very humid.

(cid:127) Avoid parking the car with wet brakes. Before parking, and if the traffic condi- tions allow, brake quite heavily so that the brake discs and pads warm up and dry.

(cid:127) The brakes are power assisted and it should be kept in mind that the servo unit only provides the power assis- tance when the engine is running.

(cid:127) The brake pressure required when the engine is off,(e.g. when the car is on tow) is roughly four times the normal pedal force required. The pedal also feels hard and unresponsive.

WARNING

(cid:127) The additional safety afforded by the ABS system is not designed to allow drivers to drive faster but to make normal driving safer.

(cid:127) To stop as quickly as possible, without

loss of directional stability, whether the road surface is dry, wet or slippery, press the brake pedal down hard- without letting up, declutching simultaneously, and steer the car to safety.

ABS (antilock braking system) modulates the brake pressure to the respective wheels. Wheel sensors detect if a wheel is about to lock, and the control module reduces the pressure to that wheel and then increases it once more until the tendency is detected again. The brake system is equipped with an Elec- tronic Brake-force Distribution device (EBD), which distributes the brake pressure between the front and rear wheels, in such a way as to achieve optimum braking perfor- mance irrespective of the car’s speed and load. The ABS system has a built-in diagnostic function which will switch on the Anti-lock brake warning light if a fault is detected in the system (see page 52).

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Starting and driving

The ABS system will not reduce the braking distance on loose gravel or on snow or ice but, because the wheels cannot lock up, some steering control is retained. When the ABS system is working, i.e. mod- ulation of the brake pressure is in progress, the brake pedal will pulsate and a ticking noise will be heard. All this is perfectly nor- mal. Press the pedal down hard (you cannot press too hard) and steer the car to safety.

Braking with ABS – evasive steering

Braking with ABS brakes. When the system is operating, the brake pedal will pulsate gently and the system will make a ticking noise.

Do not release the brake pedal before the car has come to a halt or the danger is past! That is critical. If the road is slippery, the ABS system will operate even when only light pressure is applied to the pedal. This means that you can brake gently to test the condition of the road and adapt your driving accordingly. It is well worth practicing the use of ABS brakes on a skid pad or other suitable facil- ity.

Traction Control System How the system works The traction control system (TCS) is designed to prevent wheelspin. This enables the car to achieve the best possible grip and, hence, maximum tractive effort, together with greater stability. The TCS system uses information from the ABS system’s wheel sensors to detect when the front (driving) wheels are rotating faster then the rear wheels. It then monitors whether one driving wheel is rotating faster than the other. If so, the faster wheel is retarded until both wheels are rotating at the same speed. If the two front wheels are rotating at the same speed but are turning faster than the rear wheels, the torque from the engine is reduced to eliminate the difference. The process continues until all the wheels are rotating at the same speed. The advantages of the TCS system become most apparent when the cohesion between the front wheels and the road surface is so low that one or both of the wheels would lose their grip were the car not equipped with the TCS, e.g.:

(cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing with the front wheels on different sur- faces (e.g. one slippery and one dry). The TCS then functions like an electronic dif- ferential lock.

(cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing on a slippery road, in which case the TCS eliminates wheelspin. The same applies when the car is reversing.

(cid:127) On cornering, if there is a tendency for the inner front wheel to rotate faster than the other wheels. (cid:127) On overtaking.

WARNING

In normal driving, the TCS system will help to improve the safety of the car, but it does not mean that the car can be driven faster. The same care and pru- dence normally applied should be dis- played on cornering and when driving on slippery roads.

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167

TCS OFF The panel will come on:

indicator on the main instrument

If a fault has been detected and the system has therefore been switched off. If there is a fault in the ABS system. If the system has been switched off man- ually.

The indicator light will also come on for 4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to ON, while an internal system check is per- formed. TCS indicator The indicator light will come on for 4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to ON, while an internal system check is per- formed.

The light in the tachometer comes on when the system is operative, i.e. when the wheels are not rotating at the same speed. The fact that the TCS system is operative indicates that the limit for grip has been exceeded and that the driver must exert greater care.

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Starting and driving

Turning the TCS off The TCS is switched on automatically when the engine is started. The system can be switched off manually by the TCS button, whereupon on the main instrument panel will come on. The TCS system cannot be switched off if the car is travelling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h). It may be necessary to switch off the system if the car has become bogged down, for instance. Press TCS to switch it on again. If a fault is detected in the ABS system, the TCS will be switched off automatically. The cruise-control system will automatically be disengaged after one second if it is active when the TCS starts to operate.

Electronic Stability Program (ESP) (option/certain models only)

The Electronic Stability Program employs both the antilock braking system (ABS) and the traction control system (TCS). It is a safety system that helps the driver to stabi- lize the car in unusual circumstances that can otherwise be difficult to handle. How the ESP system works The Electronic Stability Program can help to prevent the car from skidding by braking one or several wheels independently of the driver. The engine output is then also reduced to prevent the driving wheels from spinning. The car has sensors that measure wheel speed, yaw acceleration, lateral acceleration, steering wheel position and braking pressure. The values provided by these sensors are used to calculate the actual direction of the car. If this direction does not agree with that intended by the driver, calculated from the steering wheel position, the ESP is engaged. ESP improves the driver’s chances of retaining control over the car in critical situ- ations.

ESP OFF The if: (cid:127) A fault has been detected and the system

light in the rev counter comes on

has therefore been switched off.

(cid:127) The system has been switched off manu-

ally.

(cid:127) When the ignition key is turned to the ON position, the lamp is lit for about four sec- onds while the system undergoes a self-test.

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169

indicator light in the rev counter

ESP indicator light The comes on for a short period of time when the ESP system is operative. Operation of the ESP indicates reduced cohesion between the tires and the road, and that extra care should be taken by the driver. Turning ESP off The system can be turned off manually with the ESP button, whereupon the light on the main instrument panel will come on. The ESP system cannot be switched off if the car is travelling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h). The ESP is always operative during brak- ing, even if it has been switched off manu- ally.

WARNING

When driving normally, ESP will help to improve the stability of the car. This does not mean that car can be driven faster. The same care and prudence as normally applied should be displayed on cornering and when driving on slippery roads.

Increased stability with ESP. The system applies the brakes to the wheels as shown to prevent the car from skidding

NOTE

Suspension modifications, such as changing the type of wheels, dampers or springs, can affect the function of the ESP system. Always consult a Saab dealer before changing any suspension components.

170
Starting and driving Economical motoring Factors affecting fuel consumption Fuel consumption is greatly affected by the general driving conditions, the way in which the car is driven and at what speeds, the weather, the state of the road, the condition of the car, etc. Breaking-in Fuel consumption may be somewhat higher during the break-in period (the first 3,000– 4,000 miles (5,000–7,000 km) than stated under ”Technical data”. Weather conditions Fuel consumption can be as much as 10 % lower in summer than in winter. The higher consumption in cold weather is explained by the longer time it takes for the engine to reach normal operating temperature, and for the transmission and wheel bearings to warm up. Fuel economy is also affected by the distance driven: short journeys of 3-5 miles (5-8 km) do not give the engine enough time to reach normal temperature. Strong winds can also affect fuel consump- tion.

a major impact on fuel consumption after the engine has started from cold. Thus, if the car is mainly used for short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km), the fuel consumption will be 60–80 % higher than normal. Driving technique (cid:127) To obtain the best running economy, not only regarding fuel consumption but gen- eral wear also, regular service is required.

(cid:127) High speed, unnecessary acceleration,

heavy braking and much low gear work all gives rise to higher fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Frequent gear changing in traffic, starting in cold weather, the use of studded tires and roof racks, and towing a trailer all increase fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Do not run the engine when the car is sta-

tionary. If idling, it will take much longer before the engine becomes hot. Engine wear is greatest during this warming-up phase. Therefore drive away as soon as possible after the engine is started and avoid high revving.

Percentage increase in fuel consumption of engine starting from cold compared to engine at normal temperature.

How to read the graph on the right: If fuel consumption with the engine at normal temperature is 28 mpg (10l/100 km), the actual fuel consumption 3 miles (5 km) after the engine has started from cold will be: – 23.5 mpg (12l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 68°F (20°C) (increase of 20%).

– 17.7 mpg (16l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 32°F (0°C) (increase of 60%).

– 14 mpg (20l/100 km)) at outside temp. of

–4°F (–20°C) (increase of 100%).

As can be seen, both the distance travelled by the car and the outside temperature have

Engine block heater (standard equipment in Canada, accessory in U.S.) The following are just some of the benefits to the car and the environment of using an engine block heater: (cid:127) Lower fuel consumption. (cid:127) Reduced wear on the engine. Inside of car warms up faster.

(cid:127) Exhaust emissions substantially reduced

over short runs.

The engine heater is effective at outside temperatures up to +15-20°C. The warmer it is outside, the shorter the time the engine heater needs to be connected. Longer than 1.5 hours is unnecessary. If the car is equipped with a removable, electrical cabin heater that is not in use, this should be stored in the luggage compart- ment.

(cid:127) Driving in a low gear results in higher fuel consumption than in a high gear because of the higher engine speed for a given road speed. Always change up to a higher gear as soon as traffic conditions allow and use the highest gear as much as pos- sible.

(cid:127) Check the air pressure in the tires once a month. Incorrect pressures increase tire wear. It is better to have slightly higher pressure than lower.

(cid:127) Check fuel consumption regularly.

Increased consumption can indicate that something is wrong and that the car needs to be checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

Practical trials on the roads have demon- strated that substantial savings in fuel con- sumption can be made if the above advice is heeded. Road conditions Wet roads increase fuel consumption, as do unpaved roads and driving in hilly country (the amount of fuel saved driving downhill is less than the additional amount required to climb the hill).

WARNING

Never switch the engine off while driving as the effect of the brakes and power steering will be greatly reduced.

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171

Driving in cold weather Before starting a journey in cold weather you should check the following: (cid:127) That the wiper blades have not become

frozen to the windshield/glass.

(cid:127) Brush any snow away from the air intake for the heater system (opening between hood and windshield). It may be advisable to lubricate the door-lock cylinder (use molybdenum disulphide, MoS2) to prevent its freezing. If the lock has frozen, take care not to break the key (or use the remote control) – heat it first or spray it with de-icer.

(cid:127) Periodically during the winter, add gaso- line anti-freeze to the fuel to dispel any condensation in the fuel tank which could freeze and cause problems in the system. Keep the tank well filled to reduce the risk of condensation forming. If the car is parked outside in freezing weather, fuel additives (gasoline anti-freeze) will not do any good as it cannot remove water that has already fro- zen. Park the car in a warm place so that any ice that may have built up melts, then add gasoline anti-freeze when filling up the tank. Condensation is caused by changes in the outdoor temperature or by the car being parked alternately in a garage and outside. It is particularly important when the roads are slippery that the brakes and tires be in good condition.

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Starting and driving

(cid:127) Check the anti-freeze in the engine cool-

ant, see page 196.

The car´s trip computer will warn you when there is a risk of slippery conditions. For fur- ther information on this function, see page 60. The car is equipped with tires designed to provide optimum grip on both wet and dry roads, although this has been achieved at the expense of somewhat reduced grip on snow and ice. For regular driving on snow and ice, we therefore recommend that winter (snow) tires be fitted. Winter (snow) tires, particularly studded tires (where use is legally permitted), gener- ally make driving safer on snow and ice. Acquaint yourself with the legal provi- sions governing the use of different types of winter tires and snow chains. Studded tires are not allowed in some countries.

If winter tires are fitted, the same type must be fitted on all wheels. Your Saab dealer will be pleased to advise you on the best tires for your car. Remember that tires age. It may therefore be necessary to change them before they reach the legal wear limit, as they gradually lose their friction properties. The best response if the car gets into a front-wheel skid is to freewheel (manual gearbox only), i.e. disengage the clutch (so that the wheels are neither driven or retarded by the engine. If the car has automatic transmission, ease up on the accelerator and steer carefully in the desired direction. In a rear-wheel skid, steer in the same direc- tion that the rear of the car is moving.

Tire chains If you want to fit tire chains (where legally permitted) they should only be fitted to the tires recommended under ”Specifications” (see page 256). Consult your Saab dealer for details of approved tire chains.

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not exceed 30 mph (50 km/h)

when tire chains are fitted.

(cid:127) Tire chains can reduce the directional

stability of the car.

(cid:127) Tire chains must not be used on the

rear wheels.

NOTE

(cid:127) Check the links frequently for wear. (cid:127) Check that the chains do not contact

the wheel-arch liner at full lock.

(cid:127) See section ”Specifications”, page 256, for information on allowable wheel dimensions for the fitting of tire chains.

Driving in hot weather (cid:127) Always check the coolant level before

starting a journey. The level should be just below the MAX mark.

(cid:127) At the end of a journey, if the engine has

worked hard, allow it to idle for two or three minutes before switching it off. If the needle on the temperature gauge enters the red zone: 1 Bring the car to a standstill but leave the engine running. Do not remove the cap on the expansion tank even if the tank is empty. If the needle on the temperature gauge continues to rise while the engine is idling, switch off the engine.

2 Wait until the needle has dropped back to indicate normal temperature (roughly midway, in the white zone) before stop- ping the engine. If the coolant needs top- ping up, unscrew the cap on expansion tank carefully. Top up, as necessary, ideally with a 50/50 mixture of Saab-approved coolant and water. If only water is available, use that, but remember to have the coolant mixture checked as soon as possible.

WARNING

Always undo the expansion tank filler cap carefully, releasing the pressure and any vapor before removing the cap com- pletely.

3 As soon as possible, have the cooling

system checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

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173

Towing a trailer Trailer hitch attachment Trailer hitch attachments are available as accessories. These are designed for a max- imum trailer weight of 3500 lbs. (1588 kg), see also page 249. Use only the electrical trailer hitch socket provided in the trailer hitch kit. Saab recommends: (cid:127) Use a Saab original hitch kit attachment which is designed and tested by Saab. (cid:127) Consult your Saab dealer regarding the

appropriate hitch kit for your car.

NOTE

Use only a genuine Saab trailer hitch and wiring, since other wiring methods can cause expensive damage to the car’s body and electrical system. Consult an authorized Saab dealer for guidance on how to connect the trailer hitch electrical system.

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Starting and driving

Trailer weight Maximum recommended trailer weights for different gradients, with a view to comfort and drivability for manual and automatic cars, are shown on the drawing. Make sure you are familiar with the law regarding speed limits for towing, maxi- mum trailer weights, trailer-braking requirements, and also any special driving-licence provisions (see also page 249).

WARNING

When towing a trailer, do not attempt to negotiate a hill having a gradient in excess of 15%. The weight distribution over the front wheels of the car will be insufficient to prevent wheelspin, making further progress impossible. In addition, the parking brake may not always be able to hold the car and trailer securely, with the result that the wheels can start to slide downhill.

The specified trailer weights and gradients assume that the journey starts at the hill and therefore apply only to short periods.

Maximum recommended trailer weights for different gradients

Recommendations for driving in hilly terrain The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in warm weather, i.e. approximately 86°F (30°C).

Gradient of hill, %

6-7
8-9
10-15

Maximum dura- tion, minutes

Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 3300 (1500) unlimited 3300 (1500) 15 max 15 max 1870 (850)

The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in hot weather, i.e. approximately 104°F (40°C).

Gradient of hill, %

6-7
8-9
10-15

Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 2000 (900) 2000 (900) 1000 (450)

Maximum dura- tion, minutes

unlimited 15 max 15 max.

Do not drive continuously with the WINTER mode selected in hilly country when you are towing a trailer, as this will increase fuel con- sumption and risk overheating the transmis- sion. Driving considerations Always take extra care when towing a trailer, as the car’s handling will be different and its braking effect reduced. The trailer’s braking system and suspension also have a considerable effect on these characteris- tics, see also ”Driving with a load” page 178. If the car is equipped with automatic trans- mission, select position L when ascending or descending steep hills.

NOTE

If the ”Automatic transmission, fault indi- cator” indicator comes on, cease towing until the problem has been recti- fied.

Use Normal mode when driving with a trailer or trailer on hilly roads. The adaptive gear change pattern function will prevent the transmission from overheating. Rises in coolant temperature are indicated by the temperature gauge in the main instru- ment panel. The following can also occur:

the A/C-compressor can be shut off the gear-change pattern is changed the CHECK message TRANSMISSION OVERHEATING can appear on the SID

If TRANSMISSION OVERHEATING appears on the SID, stop the car as soon as it is safe to do so and wait until the warning has been extinguished. When continuing your journey, select a locked gear (1, 2 or 3) that will allow you to drive at an engine speed of about 3,000 rpm (see page 161).

WARNING

Remember to use engine-braking (selec- tor position L, 3, or 4) to spare the brakes when you are driving on a long or steep downhill slope. Brake failure can result from overheated brakes!

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175

Distribution of load in trailer a Light b Moderate c Heavy

Trailer hitch load The weight distribution on the trailer makes a lot of difference to the handling properties of the car and trailer combination. As regards single-axle trailers, whenever pos- sible, concentrate the load over the wheels and keep it as low as possible. The trailer should be loaded so that the maximum load on the towbar ball is 5% to 7% of the trailer weight with a maximum per- missible tongue weight of 165 lbs. (75 kg). Note that this load must be added to the total load for the car. If this now exceeds the specified load capacity, the load in the lug- gage compartment will have to be reduced by a corresponding amount.

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176
Driving with a roof rack load

WARNING

(cid:127) A roof load will affect the car’s center

of gravity and aerodynamics. Be aware of this when cornering and driv- ing in crosswinds.

(cid:127) Suit your speed to the prevailing con-

ditions.

(cid:127) Due to higher aerodynamic drag, fuel economy may suffer when driving with a roof rack.

The maximum permissible roof load is 220 lbs. (100 kg). Note that the roof load is included in the car’s maximum permissible load (see page 248). Strong, sturdy roof carriers designed spe- cially for the car are available from your Saab dealer. Always secure the roof load safely.

Fitting the roof carriers (accessory) 9-5 Sedan The carrier feet are marked with a top view of the car and arrow indicating their posi- tions. 1 Slip the plastic cover onto the adjustable

foot of the carrier (foot with knob for tightening) to protect the paintwork during assembly.

2 Open all the doors.

Fold back the rubber strip and find the fixing holes.

3 Start on the left-hand side of the car.

Rest the carrier carefully across the roof, with the rigid foot towards you. Hold the foot clear of the roof to avoid damaging the paintwork. Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins on the foot into the fixing holes. Make sure that the rubber strip comes inside the plastic cover on the carrier.

Repeat the procedure with the other car- rier.

4 Close the doors on the left-hand side of the car gently, to hold the carrier feet in place.

5 Now go around to the other side of the car and remove the plastic cover from the carrier’s adjustable foot. Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins on the foot into the fixing holes. Do the same with the other carrier and close the doors gently.

6 Tighten each carrier by turning the knob

clockwise (by hand). Tighten just enough to bring the foot up against the edges of the fixing holes.

Remove the carriers when not in use, as they increase fuel consumption. The instructions that accompany the carri- ers also include advice on driving with a roof load - we strongly recommend that you read them carefully.

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Fitting the roof carriers (accessory) 9-5 Wagon 1 Clean the car’s roof rails. 2 Check the markings on the cross mem- bers to see which is the front and which is the rear roof carrier.

3 Place the cross members on the roof rails, on their respective sides of the center supports. The cross members must not be placed beyond the front or rear joint on the rail. Ensure that the dis- tance between the cross members is at least 28 inches (700 mm). If a roof box is to be fitted, the cross members must be positioned so that the tailgate can be opened fully without hit- ting the roof box.

4 Using your thumb, press the bracket so that it lies snugly against the outside of the roof rail. Make sure that the roof car- riers are seated centrally on the rubber spacers and that these sit correctly on the roof rail. Pull the spacers down slightly on the inside of the roof rail.

5 Center the roof carriers so that they pro-

trude equally on both sides.

6 Tighten the roof carriers by hand.

Ensure that the tightening knobs are upright once the roof carriers have been tightened.

7 Make sure the roof carriers are securely

in place.

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178
Driving with a load The driving characteristics of the car are affected by the way it is loaded. (cid:127) Place heavy loads as far forward and as

low as possible in the trunk.

(cid:127) Secure the load to the tie downs, see

page 134.

(cid:127) The load should be such that the car´s

total weight or axle weight are not exceeded, see page 248.

(cid:127) Heavy loads mean that the car’s center of gravity is further back. As a result, the car will sway more during evasive steering.

(cid:127) Never exceed the permissible load in the roof box, even if there is room for more. (cid:127) Ensure that the tire pressure is correct – slight overinflation is preferable to under- inflation.

(cid:127) The braking distance of a loaded car is

always greater. Keep your distance from the vehicle in front.

(cid:127) Roof loads can negatively affect tele-

communication.

Tire pressure, see page 257 and back cover.

Never reduce the pressure of a hot tire. If the tires are hot when you check them, only increase the pressure, if necessary. Underinflated tires wear more quickly than slightly overinflated tires. If a valve is leaking, simply unscrew it and fit a new one. Important! Remember to adjust the tire pressures if you change the load in the car or intend to drive at substantially lower or higher speeds than normal.

Tires

NOTE

Check the tire pressure at least once a month. Underinflation is the main cause of: (cid:127) Damage to the wheels. (cid:127) Premature tire wear. (cid:127) Damage to the sidewalls.

The tire pressure should match the current load and speed of the car; see the back cover or the tire pressure label on page 257. The tire pressures given apply to cold tires, that is tires that are the same temperature as the outside air temperature. The tire pressure increases as the tires become warm (e.g. during highway driving) with approximately 0.3 bar (4 psi). When the temperature of the tires changes by 50° (10°C), the tire pressure will change 0.1 bar (2 psi).

Driving considerations with compact spare wheel/tire fitted

WARNING

Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h) as the tire can overheat and adversely affect the handling of the car. The tire should be inflated to 60 psi (420 kPa).

The following should be observed when the compact spare wheel (T115/70 R16) is fitted: The compact spare is light and easy to handle when changing the wheel. Do not drive further than necessary with the com- pact spare fitted – the maximum life of the wheel is only just over 2000 miles (3,500 km). Have the standard wheel repaired and refitted as soon as possible.

The car’s ground clearance is reduced with the compact spare fitted. Note that only one compact spare wheel may be used at any time. Take care not to hit the curb and do not fit snow chains. Leave the wheel cover off, so that the warning text is readily visible.

NOTE

To avoid damaging a punctured alloy wheel it can be placed outside up in the spare-wheel well but only while driving to the closest workshop. A general rule is that all heavy loads must be well secured in the luggage compart- ment, see page 134 and 137.

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179

Driving with the trunk lid/tailgate open Avoid driving with the trunk lid/tailgate partly or fully open, since exhaust fumes can be drawn into the cabin. If you must drive with the trunk lid/tailgate open, all windows and the sunroof (if fitted) must be closed and the cabin fan on at its highest speed setting. Driving in deep water

NOTE

Do not drive in water deeper than 12 inches (30 cm) and do not drive faster than at idling speed. Water can otherwise be sucked into the engine. The engine will be damaged if water enters the intake system. The car´s electrical systems may also be affected.

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180
Towing the car

WARNING

(cid:127) Remember that the brake servo does

not operate when the engine is off. Much greater pressure than normal will therefore be required to operate the brake pedal.

(cid:127) Nor does the steering servo operate when the engine is off. The steering will therefore be much heavier than usual.

(cid:127) The towing vehicle should always be

heavier than the vehicle on tow.

(cid:127) Never allow passengers to ride in the

car being towed.

(cid:127) Always seek professional help if the

car needs to be towed.

Transporting the car

NOTE

If a car with a sport (lowered) chassis is transported, for example on a flat bed truck, take extra care not to damage the spoiler and/or underbody.

Front towing eye

Front towing eye

WARNING

(cid:127) Make sure that the towing eye at the

front is screwed in tightly.

(cid:127) The towing eye is only designed for

use when the car is being towed on the road. It must not be used to pull the car out of a ditch, for example. If the towing eye were to shear suddenly, it could cause serious injury.

(cid:127) Always seek professional help if the

car needs to be recovered.

NOTE

(cid:127) Do not drive the car with the front

towing eye in position. If it catches the curb, for example, the engine sub- frame could be damaged.

(cid:127) Refit the plastic plug in the hole when the towing eye has been removed, to keep dirt and moisture out of the threads.

The front towing eye is stored with the spare wheel. The attachment point (tapped hole) for the towing eye is midway along the engine sub- frame at the front of the car. Remove the plastic plug and screw in the towing eye securely. To ensure that the towing eye is in far enough, insert the handle of the wheel wrench through the eye for additional lever- age.

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181

1 Selector lever in position N. 2 The local regulations on towing speeds

must be followed. The highest permissible towing speed is 30 mph (50 km/h), unless the legal limit is lower. The longest permissible towing distance is 25-30 miles (40-50 km). If the car has to be transported farther than that, summon a tow truck. A flat bed tow truck is the preferred method to tow.

Failure to follow these guidelines can result in damage. Cars with automatic transmission cannot be bump started. In an emergency, it is possi- ble to start the engine using jump leads (see the section, ”Jump starting” on page 182).

Considerations when towing the car with automatic transmission Selector lever at N (neutral) and parking lights on. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles being towed. Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake, as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked violently.

NOTE

(cid:127) The car must be towed front first. (cid:127) If the car is to be towed with the front wheels off the ground, make sure the parking brake is off, as this acts on the rear wheels.

Rear towing eye

Rear towing eye The car has a permanently mounted towing eye at the back. If the car is equipped with a trailer hitch, this can be used instead of the towing eye. Considerations when towing the car with manual transmission Gear lever in neutral and parking lights on. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles being towed. Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake, as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked violently.

Starting and driving

182
Jump starting If your battery has run down, you may want to use another vehicle and some jumper cables to start your Saab. Follow the steps below to do it safely.

WARNING

Batteries can cause injury. They can be dangerous because: (cid:127) They contain acid that can burn you. (cid:127) They contain gas that can explode or

ignite.

(cid:127) They contain enough electricity to

injure you.

If you do not follow these steps exactly, some or all of these things can hurt you.

NOTE

Ignoring these steps could result in costly damage to your vehicle that would not be covered by your warranty. Trying to start your car by pushing or pull- ing it could damage your vehicle, even if you have a manual transmission. If you have an automatic transmission, your vehicle cannot be started by pushing or pulling it.

–

–

To jump start your vehicle: 1 Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.

NOTE

If the other system is not a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged.

2 Get the vehicles close enough so the

jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles are not touching each other. If a poor connection on the negative jumper cable should exist, it is possible for damage to be caused to electrical systems/components of either vehicle should inadvertent contact be made. You would not be able to start your car

and bad grounding could damage elec- trical systems.

WARNING

You could be injured if the vehicles roll. Set the parking brake firmly on each vehi- cle. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in Neu- tral.

3 Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Turn off all lights that are not needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries and it could save your radio.

NOTE

If you leave your radio on, it could be badly damaged. The repairs would not be covered by your warranty.

4 Open the hood and locate the battery. Find the positive (+) and negative (-) termi- nals on the battery.

5 Check that the jumper cables do not

have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock and also the vehicles could be damaged. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (-) will go to a major metal engine part with a good ground. Do not connect (+) to (-) or you will get a short that could injure you or would damage the battery and maybe other parts as well.

6 Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal of the vehicle with the discharged battery.

7 Do not let the other end touch metal.

Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one.

8 Now connect the black negative (-)

cable to the good battery’s negative ter- minal.

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183

WARNING

Do not let the other end touch anything until the next step. The other end of the negative cable does not go to the dead battery. It goes to a major metal part with a good ground on the engine of the vehi- cle with the discharged battery.

9 Attach the cable at least 18 inches

(45 cm) away from the discharged bat- tery, but not near engine parts that move. To avoid an arc which could det- onate the hydrogen gas around the bat- tery, the final connection must be at least 18” from the battery.

10 Start the vehicle with the good battery

and run the engine for a while.

11 Try to start the vehicle with the dis-

charged battery. If it does not start after a few tries, it probably needs service.

12 Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take care that they do not touch each other or any other metal.

WARNING

An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

WARNING

Using a match or flame of any kind near a battery can cause battery gas to explode. You can suffer burns or be blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the battery has enough water. The battery installed in your new Saab has filler caps. Be sure the right amount of water is there. Add distilled or boiled water if the level is too low. If you don’t, explosive gas could be present. Be sure the electrolyte in the battery is not frozen. Discharged batteries will freeze. When connecting jumper cables to a frozen battery, gas from the chemical reaction inside the battery can build up under the ice and cause an explosion. Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Do not get it on you. If you acciden- tally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the area with water and get medical help immediately.

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184
Saab Parking Assistance (Option)

WARNING

Responsibility always lies with the driver when reversing. (cid:127) Saab Parking Assistance can facilitate reversing at low speeds, such as when reverse parking.

(cid:127) Bear in mind that small and/or narrow objects cannot always be detected by the system.

The parking aid system facilitates parking and reversing. There are four sensors in the rear bumper that detect objects up to 6 feet (1.8 metres) behind the car. The system uses four sensors in the rear bumper. These emit ultrasound signals that bounce back to the sensors off any objects behind the car. The system, however, cannot always detect small or narrow objects or objects that do not reflect ultra- sound back towards the car, such as pipes, or the corner of a house or rectangular post.

Area monitored by the sensors seen from the side

Area monitored by the sensors seen from above

The system is activated automatically when reverse is engaged or selected. When the sensors detect an object within the moni- tored area, the SID will display the text "PARK ASSIST" and pulses of sound (- - - - -) will be heard. The frequency of the pulses increases as the car comes closer to the object. When the distance to the object is less than 12 in. (30 cm), a continuous tone will be heard.

NOTE

Reverse slowly so that you have time to stop the car when the continuous tone is heard at approx. 30 cm.

When an object is approximately 3 feet (90 cm) from the car, the sound pulses change character markedly. A distance of about 3 feet (90 cm) is suitable if you wish to load or unload the luggage compartment. If the distance between an object and the corner sensors does not change for three seconds, e.g. if you are reversing alongside a wall, the system will switch to monitoring straight back. The system indicates if the distance to the wall decreases again. The system can be disengaged for when driving with a caravan or trailer. Press and hold the CLEAR button on the SID when the display shows "PARK ASSIST", until the display shows "PARK ASSIST OFF". The system is re-engaged in the same way. The system is also always activated when the ignition key is turned to ON.

Starting and driving

185

Parking

WARNING

(cid:127) Park where the vehicle will not create

an obstruction or a hazard to other road users.

(cid:127) Do not park on dry grass or other com-

bustible material. The catalytic con- verter gets very hot and could start a fire.

(cid:127) Do not leave children or pets unat- tended in the car. In warm, sunny weather, the temperature inside the car can reach 160–180°F (70–80°C).

(cid:127) Apply the parking brake. (cid:127) Engage reverse (automatic transmis-

sion: move selector lever to P (Park)), and remove the ignition key and lock the car.

Pressing a SID button briefly will not disen- gage the system, the display will simply show the previously selected function.

NOTE

To function well, the sensors must be kept clean. Ice snow and dirt can affect their sensitivity. Do not spray the sensors or closer than 8 in. (20 cm) to the sensors with a pres- sure washer, as this could damage them.

Ice, snow and dirt can affect the sensitivity of the sensors. In such cases a continuous tone will sound warning the driver that the system cannot measure the distance to an object. You can turn the system off by press- ing and holding the CLEAR button for 1.5 seconds. If the text "PARK ASSIST FAILURE" is dis- played on the SID, have the system checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

Parking brake

WARNING

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake when

parking.

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake before removing the ignition key.

(cid:127) Do not use the parking brake when the

car is moving.

The parking brake is situated between the front seats and acts on the rear wheels. When the parking brake is on, the indicator light on the main instrument panel will be on. To release the parking brake, lift the lever slightly, press the release button and release the lever by pushing down on it.

186

Starting and driving

Parking on a hill When parking on a steep hill, turn the front wheels so that they will be blocked by the curb if the car should move. Long-term parking If the car is not going to be used for some time, e.g. 3–4 months, the following steps are recommended: (cid:127) Run the engine to normal temperature

before long-term parking.

(cid:127) Drain the washer-fluid reservoir and

hoses.

(cid:127) Wash and wax the car. Clean the rubber seals on the hood, luggage compartment lid and doors, and lubricate them with glycerol (glycerin).

(cid:127) After washing the car, dry the brake discs

by taking the car out on the road and applying the brakes a few times.

(cid:127) Fill the fuel tank with fuel to prevent con-

densation forming in it.

(cid:127) Top up the coolant and check the anti-

freeze before the onset of winter. (cid:127) Park the car in a dry, covered and

well-ventilated building. Leave the park- ing brake OFF!

(cid:127) Disconnect the negative (-) battery lead.

If frost is likely to occur during the long-term parking, remove the battery and store it away from the frost. Ideally, the car should be put up on blocks, with the wheels off the ground. If this is not possible, inflate the tires to about 43 psi (300 kPa).

1 Pointing downhill and

against the curb – Turn the wheels into the curb and edge the car forward until the wheels touch the curb.

2 Pointing uphill and

against the curb – Turn the wheels away from the curb and edge the car back until the wheels touch the curb.

3 Pointing uphill or downhill – no curb – Turn the wheels towards the edge of the road. If the car should start rolling, it will not run into the road.

(cid:127) Leave all the windows open a crack and cover the car with a fabric tarpaulin - not one made of plastic.

(cid:127) Car care and technical information

187

Car care and technical information

Hood release handle ....... 188 Engine compartment, 4-cyl. engine................... 189 Engine compartment, 6-cyl. (3.0t V6)................. 190 Emission control systems 191 Engine............................... 192 Engine oil ......................... 193 Transmission fluid........... 195 Coolant ............................. 196 Brake and clutch fluid ..... 197 Power steering fluid ........ 198 Air filter............................. 198

Battery.............................. Drive belts........................ Wipers and washers ....... Changing bulbs ............... Fuses................................ Wheels.............................. Compact spare wheel ..... Flat spotting..................... Air conditioning (ACC) ... Safety belts ...................... Upholstery and trim ........ Textile carpeting.............. Washing the car ..............

199 201 202 204 216 222 226 230 231 232 232 232 233

Waxing and polishing...... 233 Engine compartment ....... 233 Touching up the paint ..... 234 Anti-corrosion treatment. 235 For long trips.................... 237 Recovery and/or recycling of automotive materials. 237 Headlight aiming .............. 239

Car care and technical information

188
Hood release handle The hood release handle is located under- neath the instrument panel. To open the hood: 1 Pull the release handle. 2 The front of the hood will now spring up,

providing access to the secondary safety catch.

Hood release handle

Hood secondary safety catch

3 Push the catch upwards, lifting the hood at the same time. The hood can now be lifted right up.

To close the hood, release it from a height of about 8 in (20 cm). Do not press down on it.

WARNING

Make sure not to hold your fingers between the hood and the hood safety catch if you lay the hood down but not closing it.

In cold weather, when the mechanism is stiff, the hood might need to be released from twice the height to lock properly. Check that the hood is now closed securely.

Engine compartment, 4-cyl. engine

Car care and technical information

189

Engine compartment, 4-cyl. engine 1 Engine-oil dipstick/filler cap 2 Reservoir, brake/clutch fluid 3 Fuse box 4 Expansion tank, coolant 5 Washer-fluid filler cap 6 Battery 7 Dipstick, automatic transmission fluid 8 Turbo unit 9 Ignition discharge module

10 Reservoir, power-steering fluid

10

Car care and technical information

190
Engine compartment, 6-cyl. (3.0t V6)

9 2

Engine compartment, 6-cyl. (3.0t V6) 1 Engine-oil dipstick 2 Engine-oil filler cap 3 Reservoir, brake/clutch fluid 4 Fuse box 5 Expansion tank, coolant 6 Washer-fluid filler cap 7 Battery 8 Dipstick, automatic transmission fluid 9 Ignition discharge module

10 Reservoir, power-steering fluid

10

Engine families Saab cars imported into the United States and Canada meet all applicable emission control standards. The engine family and appropriate tune-up specifications are iden- tified on a label affixed to the left front inner fender. These engine families meet applicable EPA Federal Standards, California State Stan- dards and Canadian Federal Standards and are equipped with the following systems: • Sequential multiport fuel injection system. (cid:127) Three way catalytic converter. (cid:127) Crankcase emissions control system. (cid:127) Evaporative emission control system. (cid:127) On-Board diagnostic (OBD II) system.

Car care and technical information

191

ing duration, ignition timing and turbo- charger boost pressure to provide excellent engine performance while maintaining low emissions and fuel consumption.

NOTE

The Trionic engine management systems continuously monitors the operation of these systems and have on-board diag- nostic capabilities (OBD II). If the ”Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE)” lamp in the main instru- ment illuminates, this indicates that the Trionic ECM has detected a problem. The car will continue to operate, but perfor- mance may be diminished. You should have your car checked by a Saab dealer as soon as possible.

Emission control systems The systems for controlling emissions to the atmosphere require regular checking and adjustment at the intervals specified in the service program. In addition to meeting the exhaust emission regulations and thereby helping to keep the environment clean, a correctly tuned engine will also give maximum fuel economy. Saab Trionic engine management system The Saab Trionic engine management system is a unique Saab development that combines sequential multiport fuel injection, electronic distributorless ignition and turbo- charger boost pressure control into one sys- tem. The Trionic engine control module (ECM) monitors many different engine parameters such as:

Intake manifold pressure. Intake air temperature.

(cid:127) Crankshaft position. (cid:127) Engine coolant temperature. (cid:127) Throttle position and (cid:127) The oxygen content of the exhaust gases. The ECM receives information regarding engine knocking from a sophisticated feed- back function in the ignition discharge unit. By processing all of this information, the Tri- onic system can control fuel injector open-

(cid:127) (cid:127) 192

Car care and technical information

ORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) Hydrocarbon vapors formed when refueling will be recovered by the car and not released into the atmosphere. The hydro- carbons are absorbed in a evaporative emission canister. When the engine is sub- sequently started, the evaporative emission canister is gradually purged as air is sucked into it through a shut-off valve. The hydro- carbon/air mixture passes through the evap canister purge valve and into the engine where it is burned. When refueling, make sure you screw the filler cap on and keep turning until it has clicked at least 3 times. Otherwise, it is pos- sible for the CHECK ENGINE light to illumi- nate and a ”TIGHTEN FUEL FILLER CAP” message to appear on SID. Refueling, see page 152.

Engine 2.3-liter engine The 2.3-liter model is a transverse, 4-cylin- der in-line engine with twin overhead cam- shafts and 4 valves per cylinder. This engine is equipped with balance shafts that reduce engine vibration to a minimum. The balance shafts are chain driven and rotate at twice the speed of the crankshaft. They produce forces and torques that are opposed to those generated by the pistons and connecting rods, an effect that occurs twice for each revolution of the engine. Engine noise is also reduced as the counter-rotating shafts counteract the vibra- tion from the moving parts of the engine. The transmission, located on the right (viewed from the front), is integrated with the engine. All models have front-wheel drive.

Balance shafts, 4-cyl. engine

3.0t V6 engine The 3.0-liter engine is a transverse, V6 engine with each bank of cylinders having double overhead camshafts and 4 valves per cylinder. The transmission, located on the right (viewed from the front), is integrated with the engine. All models have front-wheel drive.

Car care and technical information

193

Engine oil Checking the oil level Check the engine-oil level regularly. This should be done after the engine has been run to normal temperature and then allowed to cool for 2–5 minutes, with the car stand- ing on level ground. Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean before checking the level.

Engine-oil filler cap and dipstick, 4-cylinder engine

Engine-oil dipstick and filler cap, 3.0t V6

4-cylinder engine The oil level must not be allowed to drop below the MIN mark on the dipstick, nor should oil be filled beyond the MAX mark, as this can lead to excessive oil consumption. The distance between the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corresponds to a volume of approximately 1.05 qts (1 liter). When necessary, add oil of the recom- mended grade via the dipstick tube.

3.0t V6 engine The oil level must not be allowed to drop below the MIN mark on the dipstick, nor should oil be filled beyond the MAX mark, as this can lead to excessive oil consumption. The distance between the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corresponds to a volume of approximately 1.05 qts (1 liter). When necessary, add oil of the recom- mended grade via the dipstick tube.

194

Car care and technical information

Oil changing The engine oil must be changed in accor- dance with the service program, see page 244.