2012 RAM 1500 Owners Manual

▫ Reformulated Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
▫ Gasoline/Oxygenate Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
▫ E-85 Usage In Non-Flex Fuel Vehicles . . . . . . 532
▫ MMT In Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
▫ Materials Added To Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
▫ Fuel System Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
▫ Carbon Monoxide Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

䡵 Flexible Fuel (4.7L Engine Only) —

If Equipped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
▫ E-85 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
▫ Ethanol Fuel (E-85) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
▫ Fuel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
▫ Selection Of Engine Oil For Flexible Fuel

Vehicles (E-85) And Gasoline Vehicles . . . . . . 538

374 STARTING AND OPERATING

䡵 Adding Fuel

▫ Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
▫ Cruising Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
▫ Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
▫ Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
▫ Loose Fuel Filler Cap Message . . . . . . . . . . . 541
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
䡵 Trailer Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
▫ Common Towing Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
▫ Trailer Hitch Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
▫ Trailer Towing Weights

▫ Certification Label

䡵 Vehicle Loading

(Maximum Trailer Weight Ratings) . . . . . . . . 549

▫ Trailer And Tongue Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
▫ Towing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
▫ Towing Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
䡵 Snowplow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
▫ 1500 Models Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
▫ 2500/3500 Models Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

䡵 Recreational Towing

(Behind Motorhome, Etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
▫ Towing This Vehicle

Behind Another Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570

▫ Recreational Towing – Two-Wheel Drive

Models

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

▫ Recreational Towing – Four-Wheel Drive

Models

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

STARTING PROCEDURES Before starting your vehicle, adjust your seat, adjust both inside and outside mirrors, and fasten your seat belt. The starter should not be operated for more than 15- second intervals. Waiting a few seconds between such intervals will protect the starter from overheating.

WARNING!

Never leave children alone in a vehicle. Leaving children in a vehicle unattended is dangerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be seri- ously or fatally injured. Children should be warned not to touch the parking brake, brake pedal or the shift lever. Do not leave the key fob in the vehicle. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle.

STARTING AND OPERATING 375

Normal Starting Normal starting of either a warm or cold engine is obtained without pumping or pressing the accelerator pedal. Turn the key fob to the START position and release when the engine starts. If the engine fails to start within 10 seconds, turn the key fob to the OFF position, wait five seconds, then repeat the “Normal Starting” procedure. Automatic Transmission Start the engine with the shift lever in the NEUTRAL or PARK position. Apply the brake before shifting into any driving range. NOTE: This vehicle is equipped with a transmission shift interlocking system. The brake pedal must be pressed to shift out of PARK.

376 STARTING AND OPERATING Tip Start Feature Do not press the accelerator. Turn the ignition switch briefly to the START position and release it. The starter motor will continue to run but will automatically disen- gage when the engine is running. Extreme Cold Weather (Below –20°F or ⫺29°C) To ensure reliable starting at these temperatures, use of an externally powered electric engine block heater (avail- able from your authorized dealer) is recommended. If Engine Fails To Start If the engine fails to start after you have followed the “Normal Starting” procedure, it may be flooded. Push the accelerator pedal all the way to the floor and hold it there while cranking the engine. This should clear any excess fuel in case the engine is flooded.

CAUTION!

To prevent damage to the starter, do not crank the engine for more than 15 seconds at a time. Wait 10 to 15 seconds before trying again.

WARNING!

• Never pour fuel or other flammable liquids into the throttle body air inlet opening in an attempt to start the vehicle. This could result in a flash fire causing serious personal injury. • Do not attempt to push or tow your vehicle to get it started. Vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission cannot be started this way. Unburned fuel could enter the catalytic converter and once the engine has started, ignite and damage the converter and vehicle.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• If the vehicle has a discharged battery, booster cables may be used to obtain a start from a booster battery or the battery in another vehicle. This type of start can be dangerous if done improperly. Refer to “Jump Starting” in “What To Do In Emergen- cies” for further information.

If the engine has been flooded, it may start to run, but not have enough power to continue running when the key fob is released. If this occurs, continue cranking with the accelerator pedal pushed all the way to the floor. Release the accelerator pedal and the key fob once the engine is running smoothly. If the engine shows no sign of starting after two 15- second periods of cranking with the accelerator pedal held to the floor, the “Normal Starting” procedure should be repeated.

STARTING AND OPERATING 377

After Starting The idle speed is automatically controlled and will de- crease as the engine warms up.

ENGINE BLOCK HEATER — IF EQUIPPED The engine block heater warms the engine, and permits quicker starts in cold weather. Connect the cord to a standard 110-115 Volt AC electrical outlet with a grounded, three-wire extension cord. 1500 Models The engine block heater cord is routed under the hood on the passenger side of the vehicle near the right head lamp assembly. It is located between the front grill and the radiator, but underneath the black upper seal. 2500/3500 Models The engine block heater cord is routed through the grille by the right front tow hook.

378 STARTING AND OPERATING It includes a removable cap that is secured by a tethered strap. It also has a c-clip that is used for storage when not in use for the winter months. During winter months, remove the heater cord wiring assembly from itself on the c-clip. The engine block heater must be plugged in at least one hour to have an adequate warming effect on the engine.

WARNING!

Remember to disconnect the engine block heater cord before driving. Damage to the 110-115 Volt electrical cord could cause electrocution.

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

CAUTION!

a complete stop.

Damage to the transmission may occur if the follow- ing precautions are not observed: • Shift into PARK only after the vehicle has come to • Shift into or out of REVERSE only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop and the engine is at idle speed. • Do not shift between PARK, REVERSE, NEU- TRAL, or DRIVE when the engine is above idle speed. • Before shifting into any gear, make sure your foot

is firmly pressing the brake pedal.

WARNING!

• Unintended movement of a vehicle could injure those in or near the vehicle. As with all vehicles, you should never exit a vehicle while the engine is running. Before exiting a vehicle, always apply the parking brake, shift the transmission into PARK, and remove the key fob. Once the key fob is removed, the shift lever is locked in the PARK position, securing the vehicle against unwanted movement. Furthermore, you should never leave unattended children inside a vehicle.

(Continued)

STARTING AND OPERATING 379

WARNING! (Continued)

• Leaving children in a vehicle unattended is dan- gerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be seriously or fatally injured. Children should be warned not to touch the parking brake, brake pedal or the shift lever. Do not leave the key fob in the vehicle. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle. • It is dangerous to move the shift lever out of PARK or NEUTRAL if the engine speed is higher than idle speed. If your foot is not firmly pressing the brake pedal, the vehicle could accelerate quickly forward or in reverse. You could lose control of the vehicle and hit someone or something. Only shift into gear when the engine is idling normally and when your foot is firmly pressing the brake pedal.

380 STARTING AND OPERATING Key Ignition Park Interlock This vehicle is equipped with a Key Ignition Park Inter- lock which requires the shift lever to be placed in PARK before the ignition switch can be turned to the LOCK/ OFF position. The key fob can only be removed from the ignition when the ignition is in the LOCK/OFF position, and once removed the shift lever is locked in PARK. Brake/Transmission Shift Interlock System This vehicle is equipped with a Brake Transmission Shift Interlock System (BTSI) that holds the shift lever in the PARK position unless the brakes are applied. To move the shift lever out of the PARK position, the ignition switch must be turned to the ON/RUN position (engine running or not) and the brake pedal must be pressed.

Four–Speed Automatic Transmission (3.7L Engine) — If Equipped The shift lever position display (located in the instrument panel cluster) indicates the transmission gear range. The shift lever is mounted either on the right side of the steering column (if equipped) or on the console (if equipped). You must press the brake pedal to move the shift lever out of the PARK position (refer to “Brake/ Transmission Shift Interlock System” in this section). To drive, move the shift lever from PARK or NEUTRAL to the DRIVE position. Pull the shift lever toward you when shifting into REVERSE or PARK, or when shifting out of PARK (column shift only). The electronically-controlled transmission provides a precise shift schedule. The transmission electronics are self-calibrating; therefore, the first few shifts on a new vehicle may be somewhat abrupt. This is a normal condition, and precision shifts will develop within a few hundred miles (kilometers).

Shifting from DRIVE to PARK or REVERSE should be done only after the accelerator pedal is released and the vehicle is stopped. Be sure to keep your foot on the brake pedal when moving the shift lever between these gears. The transmission shift lever has only PARK, REVERSE, NEUTRAL, and DRIVE shift positions. Manual down- shifts can be made using the Electronic Range Select (ERS) shift control (described later in this section). Press- ing the ERS (-/+) switches (column shift) or moving the shift lever to the left or right (-/+) (console shift) while in the DRIVE position will select the highest available transmission gear, and will display that gear in the instrument cluster as 4, 3, 2, 1. Gear Ranges DO NOT race the engine when shifting from PARK or NEUTRAL into another gear range.

STARTING AND OPERATING 381

PARK This range supplements the parking brake by locking the transmission. The engine can be started in this range. Never attempt to use PARK while vehicle is in motion. Apply the parking brake when leaving the vehicle in this range. When parking on a level surface, you may place the shift lever in the PARK position first, and then apply the parking brake When parking on a hill, apply the parking brake before placing the shift lever in PARK, otherwise the load on the transmission locking mechanism may make it difficult to move the shift lever out of PARK. As an added precau- tion, turn the front wheels toward the curb on a downhill grade and away from the curb on an uphill grade.

382 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING!

• Never use the PARK position as a substitute for the parking brake. Always apply the parking brake fully when parked to guard against vehicle movement and possible injury or damage. • Your vehicle could move and injure you and others if it is not completely in PARK. Check by trying to move the shift lever clockwise without first pull- ing it toward you (column shift), or rearward with the brake pedal released (floor shift), after you have placed it in PARK. Make sure the transmis- sion is in PARK before leaving the vehicle.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• It is dangerous to move the shift lever out of PARK or NEUTRAL if the engine speed is higher than idle speed. If your foot is not firmly pressing the brake pedal, the vehicle could accelerate quickly forward or in reverse. You could lose control of the vehicle and hit someone or something. Only shift into gear when the engine is idling normally and when your foot is firmly pressing the brake pedal. (Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• Unintended movement of a vehicle could injure those in or near the vehicle. As with all vehicles, you should never exit a vehicle while the engine is running. Before exiting a vehicle, always apply the parking brake, shift the transmission into PARK, and remove the key fob. Once the key fob is removed, the shift lever is locked in the PARK position, securing the vehicle against unwanted movement. Furthermore, you should never leave unattended children inside a vehicle. • Never leave children alone in a vehicle. Leaving unattended children in a vehicle is dangerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be seriously or fatally injured. Do not leave the key fob in the vehicle. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle.

STARTING AND OPERATING 383

CAUTION!

• Before moving the shift lever out of PARK, you must turn the ignition switch from the LOCK/OFF position to the ON/RUN position, and also press the brake pedal. Otherwise, damage to the shift lever could result. • DO NOT race the engine when shifting from PARK or NEUTRAL into another gear range, as this can damage the drivetrain.

The following indicators should be used to ensure that you have engaged the shift lever into the PARK position: • When shifting into PARK, pull the column-mounted shift the way counterclockwise until it stops. For console-mounted shifter, move the shift lever all the way forward and to the left until it stops.

lever toward you and move it all

384 STARTING AND OPERATING

in the PARK gate.

• Release the shift lever and make sure it is fully seated • Look at the shift lever position display and verify that • With brake pedal released, verify that the shift lever

it indicates the PARK position.

will not move out of PARK.

REVERSE This range is for moving the vehicle rearward. Shift into REVERSE only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop. NEUTRAL Use this range when the vehicle is standing for prolonged periods with the engine running. The engine may be started in this range. Set the parking brake and shift the transmission into PARK if you must leave the vehicle.

WARNING!

Do not coast in NEUTRAL and never turn off the ignition to coast down a hill. These are unsafe practices that limit your response to changing traffic or road conditions. You might lose control of the vehicle and have a collision.

CAUTION!

Towing the vehicle, coasting, or driving for any other reason with shift lever in NEUTRAL can result in severe transmission damage. Refer to “Recreational Towing” in “Starting and Operating” and “Towing a Disabled Vehicle” in “What To Do In Emergencies” for further information.

DRIVE This range should be used for most city and highway driving. It provides the smoothest upshifts and down- shifts, and the best fuel economy. The transmission automatically upshifts through all forward gears. The DRIVE position provides optimum driving characteris- tics under all normal operating conditions. When frequent transmission shifting occurs (such as when operating the vehicle under heavy loading condi- tions, in hilly terrain, traveling into strong head winds, or while towing heavy trailers), use the Electronic Range Select (ERS) feature (described below) to select a lower gear range. Under these conditions, using a lower gear range will improve performance and extend transmission life by reducing excessive shifting and heat buildup. If the transmission operating temperature exceeds normal operating limits, the powertrain controller will modify the transmission shift schedule and expand the range of

STARTING AND OPERATING 385
torque converter clutch engagement. This is done to prevent transmission damage due to overheating. If the transmission becomes extremely hot, the “Trans- mission Temperature Warning Light” may illuminate and the transmission may downshift out of Overdrive until the transmission cools down. During cold temperatures, transmission operation may be modified depending on engine and transmission temperature as well as vehicle speed. This feature im- proves warm up time of the engine and transmission to achieve maximum efficiency. Engagement of the torque converter clutch is inhibited until the transmission fluid is warm (refer to the “Note” under “Torque Converter Clutch” in this section). During extremely cold tempera- tures (-20°F [-29°C] or below), operation may briefly be limited to second gear only. Normal operation will re- sume once the transmission temperature has risen to a suitable level.

386 STARTING AND OPERATING Transmission Limp Home Mode Transmission function is monitored electronically for abnormal conditions. If a condition is detected that could result in transmission damage, Transmission Limp Home Mode is activated. In this mode, the transmission remains in second gear regardless of which forward gear is selected. PARK, REVERSE, and NEUTRAL will continue to operate. Limp Home Mode allows the vehicle to be driven to an authorized dealer for service without dam- aging the transmission. In the event of a momentary problem, the transmission can be reset to regain all forward gears by performing the following steps: 1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Shift the transmission into PARK.

3. Turn the ignition switch to the LOCK/OFF position. 4. Wait approximately 10 seconds. 5. Restart the engine. 6. Shift into the desired gear range. If the problem is no longer detected, the transmission will return to normal operation. NOTE: Even if the transmission can be reset, we recom- mend that you visit your authorized dealer at your earliest possible convenience. Your authorized dealer has diagnostic equipment to determine if the problem could recur. If the transmission cannot be reset, authorized dealer service is required.

Electronic Range Select (ERS) Operation The Electronic Range Select (ERS) shift control allows the driver to limit the highest available gear when the shift lever is in the DRIVE position. For example, if you shift the transmission into 3 (third gear), the transmission will never shift above third gear, but will shift down into second and first gear normally. You can switch between DRIVE and ERS mode at any vehicle speed. When the shift lever is in the DRIVE position, the transmission will operate automatically, shifting between all available gears. Tapping the shift lever to the left (-) (console shift) or the ERS (-) switch (column shift) will activate ERS mode, display the cur- rent gear in the instrument cluster, and maintain that gear as the top available gear. Once in ERS mode, tapping the shift lever to the left (-) or right (+) (console shift) or the ERS (-) or (+) switch (column shift) will change the top available gear.

STARTING AND OPERATING 387

Column Shift Lever

388 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING!

Do not downshift for additional engine braking on a slippery surface. The drive wheels could lose their grip and the vehicle could skid, causing an accident or personal injury.

Console Shift Lever

To exit ERS mode, simply press and hold the shift lever to the right (+) (console shift) or the ERS (+) switch (column shift) until “D” is once again displayed in the shift lever position indicator in the instrument cluster.

1-4

1-4

1-3

1-2

Screen Display Actual Gear(s) Allowed NOTE: To select the proper gear position for maximum deceleration (engine braking), tap the shift lever to the left (-) (console shift) or the ERS (-) switch down (column shift) repeatedly as the vehicle slows. The transmission will shift to the range from which the vehicle can best be slowed down.

perature,

Overdrive Operation The automatic transmission includes an electronically controlled Overdrive (fourth gear). The transmission will automatically shift into the Overdrive gear if the follow- ing conditions are present: • the shift lever is in the DRIVE position, • the transmission fluid has reached an adequate tem- • the engine coolant (antifreeze) has reached an ad- • vehicle speed is sufficiently high, and • the TOW/HAUL switch has not been activated; When to Use TOW/HAUL Mode When driving in hilly areas, towing a trailer, carrying a heavy load, etc., and frequent transmission shifting oc- curs, press the TOW/HAUL switch to select TOW/

equate temperature,

STARTING AND OPERATING 389
HAUL mode. This will improve performance and reduce the potential for transmission overheating or failure due to excessive shifting. When operating in TOW/HAUL mode, the transmission will downshift into third gear.

TOW/HAUL Switch

NOTE: TOW/HAUL mode locks out Overdrive.

390 STARTING AND OPERATING The “TOW/HAUL Indicator Light” will illuminate in the instrument cluster to indicate that TOW/HAUL mode has been activated. Pressing the switch a second time restores normal operation. If the TOW/HAUL mode is desired, the switch must be pressed each time the engine is started. Torque Converter Clutch A feature designed to improve fuel economy has been included in the automatic transmission on your vehicle. A clutch within the torque converter engages automati- cally at calibrated speeds. This may result in a slightly different feeling or response during normal operation in the upper gears. When the vehicle speed drops or during some accelerations, the clutch automatically disengages. NOTE: The torque converter clutch will not engage until the transmission fluid and engine coolant are warm [usually after 1 to 3 miles (1.6 to 4.8 km) of driving]. Because the engine speed is higher when the torque

converter clutch is not engaged, it may seem as if the transmission is not shifting into Overdrive when cold. This is normal. Using the Electronic Range Select (ERS) feature, when the transmission is sufficiently warm, will demonstrate that the transmission is able to shift into and out of Overdrive. Six–Speed Automatic Transmission (4.7L And 5.7L Engine) — 1500 Models Only The shift lever position display (located in the instrument panel cluster) indicates the transmission gear range. The shift lever is mounted either on the right side of the steering column (if equipped) or on the console (if equipped). You must press the brake pedal to move the shift lever out of the PARK position (refer to “Brake/ Transmission Shift Interlock System” in this section). To drive, move the shift lever from PARK or NEUTRAL to the DRIVE position. Pull the shift lever toward you when shifting into REVERSE or PARK, or when shifting out of PARK (column shift only).

The electronically-controlled transmission provides a precise shift schedule. The transmission electronics are self-calibrating; therefore, the first few shifts on a new vehicle may be somewhat abrupt. This is a normal condition, and precision shifts will develop within a few hundred miles (kilometers). Shifting from DRIVE to PARK or REVERSE should be done only after the accelerator pedal is released and the vehicle is stopped. Be sure to keep your foot on the brake pedal when moving the shift lever between these gears. The transmission shift lever has only Park, Reverse, Neutral, and Drive shift positions. Manual downshifts can be made using the Electronic Range Select (ERS) shift control (refer to “Electronic Range Select (ERS)” in this section). Pressing the ERS (-/+) switches (column shift) or moving the shift lever to the left or right (-/+) (console shift) while in the DRIVE position will select the highest available transmission gear, and will display that gear in the instrument cluster as 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.

STARTING AND OPERATING 391

Gear Ranges DO NOT race the engine when shifting from PARK or NEUTRAL into another gear range. PARK This range supplements the parking brake by locking the transmission. The engine can be started in this range. Never attempt to use PARK while vehicle is in motion. Apply the parking brake when leaving vehicle in this range. When parking on a level surface, you may place the shift lever in the PARK position first, and then apply the parking brake. When parking on a hill, apply the parking brake before placing the shift lever in PARK, otherwise the load on the transmission locking mechanism may make it difficult to move the shift lever out of PARK. As an added precau- tion, turn the front wheels toward the curb on a downhill grade and away from the curb on an uphill grade

392 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING!

• Never use the PARK position as a substitute for the parking brake. Always apply the parking brake fully when parked to guard against vehicle movement and possible injury or damage. • Your vehicle could move and injure you and others if it is not completely in PARK. Check by trying to move the shift lever clockwise without first pull- ing it toward you (column shift), or rearward with the brake pedal released (floor shift), after you have placed it in PARK. Make sure the transmis- sion is in PARK before leaving the vehicle.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• It is dangerous to move the shift lever out of PARK or NEUTRAL if the engine speed is higher than idle speed. If your foot is not firmly pressing the brake pedal, the vehicle could accelerate quickly forward or in reverse. You could lose control of the vehicle and hit someone or something. Only shift into gear when the engine is idling normally and when your foot is firmly pressing the brake pedal. (Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• Unintended movement of a vehicle could injure those in and near the vehicle. As with all vehicles, you should never exit a vehicle while the engine is running. Before exiting a vehicle, always apply the parking brake, shift the transmission into PARK, and remove the key fob. Once the key fob is removed, the shift lever is locked in the PARK position, securing the vehicle against unwanted movement. Furthermore, you should never leave unattended children inside a vehicle. • Never leave children alone in a vehicle. Leaving unattended children in a vehicle is dangerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be seriously or fatally injured. Do not leave the key fob in the vehicle. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle.

STARTING AND OPERATING 393

CAUTION!

• Before moving the shift lever out of PARK, you must turn the ignition switch from the LOCK/OFF position to the ON/RUN position, and also press the brake pedal. Otherwise, damage to the shift lever could result. • DO NOT race the engine when shifting from PARK or NEUTRAL into another gear range, as this can damage the drivetrain.

The following indicators should be used to ensure that you have engaged the shift lever into the PARK position: • When shifting into PARK, pull the column-mounted shift the way counterclockwise until it stops. For console-mounted shifter, move the shift lever all the way forward and to the left until it stops.

lever toward you and move it all

394 STARTING AND OPERATING

in the PARK gate.

• Release the shift lever and make sure it is fully seated • Look at the shift lever position display and verify that • With brake pedal released, verify that the shift lever

it indicates the PARK position.

will not move out of PARK.

REVERSE This range is for moving the vehicle rearward. Use this range only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop. NEUTRAL This range is for when the vehicle is standing for pro- longed periods with the engine running. The engine may be started in this range. Set the parking brake and shift the transmission into PARK if you must leave the vehicle.

WARNING!

Do not coast in NEUTRAL and never turn off the ignition to coast down a hill. These are unsafe practices that limit your response to changing traffic or road conditions. You might lose control of the vehicle and have a collision.

CAUTION!

Towing the vehicle, coasting, or driving for any other reason with the transmission in NEUTRAL can result in severe transmission damage. Refer to “Recre- ational Towing” in “Starting And Operating” and “Towing A Disabled Vehicle” in “What To Do In Emergencies” for further information.

DRIVE This range should be used for most city and highway driving. It provides the smoothest upshifts and down- shifts, and the best fuel economy. The transmission automatically upshifts through underdrive first and sec- ond gears, direct third gear and overdrive fourth and fifth gears. The DRIVE position provides optimum driv- ing characteristics under all normal operating conditions. To access all six available gears, you must use the Electronic Range Select (ERS) feature, described below. When frequent transmission shifting occurs (such as when operating the vehicle under heavy loading condi- tions, in hilly terrain, traveling into strong head winds, or while towing heavy trailers), use the Electronic Range Select (ERS) feature (refer to “Electronic Range Select (ERS)” in this section) to select a lower gear range. Under these conditions, using a lower gear range will improve performance and extend transmission life by reducing excessive shifting and heat buildup.

STARTING AND OPERATING 395
If the transmission operating temperature exceeds normal operating limits, the powertrain controller will modify the transmission shift schedule and expand the range of torque converter clutch engagement. This is done to prevent transmission damage due to overheating. If the transmission becomes extremely hot, the “Trans- mission Temperature Warning Light” may illuminate and the transmission may downshift out of Overdrive until the transmission cools down. NOTE: Use caution when operating a heavily loaded vehicle at low speeds (such as towing a trailer up a steep grade, or in stop-and-go traffic) during hot weather. In these conditions, torque converter slip can impose a significant additional heat load on the cooling system. Downshifting the transmission to the lowest possible gear (when climbing a grade), or shifting to NEUTRAL (when stopped in heavy traffic) can help to reduce this excess heat generation.

396 STARTING AND OPERATING During cold temperatures, transmission operation may be modified depending on engine and transmission temperature as well as vehicle speed. This feature im- proves warm up time of the engine and transmission to achieve maximum efficiency. Engagement of both the torque converter clutch and the top overdrive gear are inhibited until the transmission fluid is warm (refer to the “Note” under “Torque Converter Clutch” in this section). During extremely cold temperatures (-16°F [-27°C] or below), operation may briefly be limited to first and direct gears only. Normal operation will resume once the transmission temperature has risen to a suitable level. Transmission Limp Home Mode Transmission function is monitored electronically for abnormal conditions. If a condition is detected that could result in transmission damage, Transmission Limp Home Mode is activated. In this mode, the transmission remains in third gear regardless of which forward gear is selected.

PARK, REVERSE, and NEUTRAL will continue to oper- ate. Limp Home Mode allows the vehicle to be driven to an authorized dealer for service without damaging the transmission. In the event of a momentary problem, the transmission can be reset to regain all forward gears by performing the following steps: 1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Shift the transmission into PARK. 3. Turn the ignition switch to the LOCK/OFF position. 4. Wait approximately 10 seconds. 5. Restart the engine. 6. Shift into the desired gear range. If the problem is no longer detected, the transmission will return to normal operation.

NOTE: Even if the transmission can be reset, we recom- mend that you visit your authorized dealer at your earliest possible convenience. Your authorized dealer has diagnostic equipment to determine if the problem could recur. If the transmission cannot be reset, authorized dealer service is required. Electronic Range Select (ERS) Operation The Electronic Range Select (ERS) shift control allows the driver to limit the highest available gear when the shift lever is in the DRIVE position. For example, if you shift the transmission into 3 (third gear), the transmission will never shift above third gear, but will shift down into second and first gear normally.

STARTING AND OPERATING 397
Use of ERS (or TOW/HAUL mode) also enables an additional underdrive gear which is not normally used during through-gear accelerations. This additional gear can improve vehicle performance and cooling capability when towing a trailer on certain grades. In ERS mode, gears 1 though 3 are underdrive gears, and ERS 4 is direct drive. ERS 5 and 6 (Overdrive gears) are the same as the normal fourth and fifth gears. You can switch between DRIVE and ERS mode at any vehicle speed. When the shift lever is in the DRIVE position, the transmission will operate automatically, shifting between all available gears. Tapping the ERS (-) switch (column shift) or the shift lever to the left (-) (console shift) will activate ERS mode, display the current gear in the instrument cluster, and maintain that gear as the top available gear. For example, if you are in DRIVE and are in third (direct) gear, when you tap the shift lever/switch one time in the (-) direction, the display will show 4 (ERS 4 is direct gear). Another tap down (-) will

398 STARTING AND OPERATING shift the transmission down to ERS 3 (the added under- drive gear). Once in ERS mode, tapping ERS (-) or (+) will change the top available gear.

Column Shift Lever

Console Shift Lever

To exit ERS mode, simply press and hold the shift lever to the right (+) (console shift) or the ERS (+) switch (column shift) until “D” is once again displayed in the shift lever position indicator in the instrument cluster.

WARNING!

Do not downshift for additional engine braking on a slippery surface. The drive wheels could lose their grip and the vehicle could skid, causing and accident or personal injury.

1-2

1, 2, 4, 5

6 D 1-5

1-3 1, 2,

Screen Display Actual Gear(s) Allowed NOTE: To select the proper gear position for maximum deceleration (engine braking), simply press and hold the shift lever to the left (-) (console shift) or the ERS (-) switch down (column shift). The transmission will shift to the range from which the vehicle can best be slowed down.

1, 2, 4–6

STARTING AND OPERATING 399

perature,

Overdrive Operation The automatic transmission includes an electronically controlled Overdrive (fourth and fifth gears). The trans- mission will automatically shift into the Overdrive gear if the following conditions are present: • the shift lever is in the DRIVE position, • the transmission fluid has reached an adequate tem- • the engine coolant (antifreeze) has reached an ad- • vehicle speed is sufficiently high, and • the TOW/HAUL switch has not been activated. When To Use TOW/HAUL Mode When driving in hilly areas, towing a trailer, carrying a heavy load, etc., and frequent transmission shifting oc- curs, press the TOW/HAUL switch to select TOW/

equate temperature,

400 STARTING AND OPERATING HAUL mode. This will improve performance and reduce the potential for transmission overheating or failure due to excessive shifting. When operating in TOW/HAUL mode, transmission upshifts are delayed, and the trans- mission will automatically downshift (for engine brak- ing) during steady braking maneuvers.

TOW/HAUL Switch

The “TOW/HAUL Indicator Light” will illuminate in the instrument cluster to indicate that TOW/HAUL mode has been activated. Pressing the switch a second time restores normal operation. If the TOW/HAUL mode is desired, the switch must be pressed each time the engine is started. Torque Converter Clutch A feature designed to improve fuel economy has been included in the automatic transmission on your vehicle. A clutch within the torque converter engages automati- cally at calibrated speeds. This may result in a slightly different feeling or response during normal operation in the upper gears. When the vehicle speed drops or during some accelerations, the clutch automatically disengages. NOTE: • The torque converter clutch will not engage, and the transmission will not shift into the top overdrive gear, until the transmission fluid and engine coolant are

warm [usually after 1 to 3 miles (1.6 to 4.8 km) of driving]. Because top gear is disabled, and the engine speed is higher when the torque converter clutch is not engaged, it may seem as if the transmission is not shifting properly when cold. This is normal. Using the Electronic Range Select (ERS) feature, when the trans- mission is sufficiently warm, will demonstrate that the transmission is able to shift into and out of Overdrive. • If the vehicle has not been driven for several days, the first few seconds of operation after shifting the trans- mission into gear may seem sluggish. This is due to the fluid partially draining from the torque converter into the transmission. This condition is normal and will not cause damage to the transmission. The torque con- verter will refill within five seconds after starting the engine.

STARTING AND OPERATING 401

Six–Speed Automatic Transmission (5.7L Engine) — 2500 Models Only The shift lever position display (located in the instrument panel cluster) indicates the transmission gear range. The shift lever is mounted on the right side of the steering column. You must press the brake pedal to move the shift lever out of the PARK position (refer to “Brake/ Transmission Shift Interlock System” in this section). To drive, move the shift lever from PARK or NEUTRAL to the DRIVE position. Pull the shift lever toward you when shifting into REVERSE or PARK, or when shifting out of PARK. The electronically-controlled transmission provides a precise shift schedule. The transmission electronics are self-calibrating; therefore, the first few shifts on a new vehicle may be somewhat abrupt. This is a normal condition, and precision shifts will develop within a few hundred miles (kilometers).

402 STARTING AND OPERATING Shifting from DRIVE to PARK or REVERSE should be done only after the accelerator pedal is released and the vehicle is stopped. Be sure to keep your foot on the brake pedal when moving the shift lever between these gears. The transmission shift lever has only PARK, REVERSE, NEUTRAL, and DRIVE shift positions. Manual down- shifts can be made using the Electronic Range Select (ERS) shift control (refer to “Electronic Range Select (ERS)” in this section). Pressing the ERS (-/+) switches on the shift lever while in the DRIVE position will select the highest available transmission gear, and will display that gear in the instrument cluster as 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Gear Ranges DO NOT race the engine when shifting from PARK or NEUTRAL into another gear range.

PARK This range supplements the parking brake by locking the transmission. The engine can be started in this range. Never attempt to use PARK while vehicle is in motion. Apply the parking brake when leaving vehicle in this range. When parking on a level surface, you may place the shift lever in the PARK position first, and then apply the parking brake. When parking on a hill, apply the parking brake before placing the shift lever in PARK, otherwise the load on the transmission locking mechanism may make it difficult to move the shift lever out of PARK. As an added precau- tion, turn the front wheels toward the curb on a downhill grade and away from the curb on an uphill grade

WARNING!

• Never use the PARK position as a substitute for the parking brake. Always apply the parking brake fully when parked to guard against vehicle movement and possible injury or damage. • Your vehicle could move and injure you and others if it is not completely in PARK. Check by trying to move the shift lever clockwise without first pull- ing it toward you after you have placed it in PARK. Make sure the transmission is in PARK before leaving the vehicle.

(Continued)

STARTING AND OPERATING 403

WARNING! (Continued)

• It is dangerous to move the shift lever out of PARK or NEUTRAL if the engine speed is higher than idle speed. If your foot is not firmly pressing the brake pedal, the vehicle could accelerate quickly forward or in reverse. You could lose control of the vehicle and hit someone or something. Only shift into gear when the engine is idling normally and when your foot is firmly pressing the brake pedal. (Continued)

404 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING! (Continued)

• Unintended movement of a vehicle could injure those in and near the vehicle. As with all vehicles, you should never exit a vehicle while the engine is running. Before exiting a vehicle, always apply the parking brake, shift the transmission into PARK, and remove the key fob. Once the key fob is removed, the shift lever is locked in the PARK position, securing the vehicle against unwanted movement. Furthermore, you should never leave unattended children inside a vehicle. • Never leave children alone in a vehicle. Leaving unattended children in a vehicle is dangerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be seriously or fatally injured. Do not leave the key fob in the vehicle. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle.

CAUTION!

• Before moving the shift lever out of PARK, you must turn the ignition switch from the LOCK/OFF position to the ON/RUN position, and also press the brake pedal. Otherwise, damage to the shift lever could result. • DO NOT race the engine when shifting from PARK or NEUTRAL into another gear range, as this can damage the drivetrain.

The following indicators should be used to ensure that you have engaged the shift lever into the PARK position: • When shifting into PARK, pull the shift lever toward you and move it all the way counterclockwise until it stops. • Release the shift lever and make sure it is fully seated

in the PARK gate.

• Look at the shift lever position display and verify that • With brake pedal released, verify that the shift lever

it indicates the PARK position.

will not move out of PARK.

REVERSE This range is for moving the vehicle rearward. Use this range only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop. NEUTRAL Use this range when the vehicle is standing for prolonged periods with the engine running. The engine may be started in this range. Set the parking brake and shift the transmission into PARK if you must leave the vehicle.

STARTING AND OPERATING 405

WARNING!

Do not coast in NEUTRAL and never turn off the ignition to coast down a hill. These are unsafe practices that limit your response to changing traffic or road conditions. You might lose control of the vehicle and have a collision.

CAUTION!

Towing the vehicle, coasting, or driving for any other reason with the transmission in NEUTRAL can result in severe transmission damage. Refer to “Recre- ational Towing” in “Starting And Operating” and “Towing A Disabled Vehicle” in “What To Do In Emergencies” for further information.

406 STARTING AND OPERATING DRIVE This range should be used for most city and highway driving. It provides the smoothest upshifts and down- shifts, and the best fuel economy. The transmission automatically upshifts through underdrive first, second, and third gears, direct fourth gear and overdrive fifth and sixth gears. The DRIVE position provides optimum driv- ing characteristics under all normal operating conditions. When frequent transmission shifting occurs (such as when operating the vehicle under heavy loading condi- tions, in hilly terrain, traveling into strong head winds, or while towing heavy trailers), use the Electronic Range Select (ERS) feature (refer to “Electronic Range Select (ERS)” in this section) to select a lower gear range. Under these conditions, using a lower gear range will improve performance and extend transmission life by reducing excessive shifting and heat buildup.

If the transmission operating temperature exceeds normal operating limits, the powertrain controller will modify the transmission shift schedule and expand the range of torque converter clutch engagement. This is done to prevent transmission damage due to overheating. If the transmission becomes extremely hot, the “Trans- mission Temperature Warning Light” may illuminate and the transmission may downshift out of Overdrive until the transmission cools down. NOTE: Use caution when operating a heavily loaded vehicle at low speeds (such as towing a trailer up a steep grade, or in stop-and-go traffic) during hot weather. In these conditions, torque converter slip can impose a significant additional heat load on the cooling system. Downshifting the transmission to the lowest possible gear (when climbing a grade), or shifting to NEUTRAL (when stopped in heavy traffic) can help to reduce this excess heat generation.

During cold temperatures, transmission operation may be modified depending on engine and transmission temperature as well as vehicle speed. This feature im- proves warm up time of the engine and transmission to achieve maximum efficiency. Engagement of both the torque converter clutch and the top overdrive gear are inhibited until the transmission fluid is warm (refer to the “Note” under “Torque Converter Clutch” in this section). During extremely cold temperatures (-16°F [-27°C] or below), operation may briefly be limited to first and direct gears only. Normal operation will resume once the transmission temperature has risen to a suitable level. Transmission Limp Home Mode Transmission function is monitored electronically for abnormal conditions. If a condition is detected that could result in transmission damage, Transmission Limp Home Mode is activated. In this mode, the transmission remains in fourth gear regardless of which forward gear is selected. PARK, REVERSE, and NEUTRAL will continue

STARTING AND OPERATING 407
to operate. Limp Home Mode allows the vehicle to be driven to an authorized dealer for service without dam- aging the transmission. In the event of a momentary problem, the transmission can be reset to regain all forward gears by performing the following steps: 1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Shift the transmission into PARK. 3. Turn the ignition switch to the LOCK/OFF position. 4. Wait approximately 10 seconds. 5. Restart the engine. 6. Shift into the desired gear range. If the problem is no longer detected, the transmission will return to normal operation.

408 STARTING AND OPERATING NOTE: Even if the transmission can be reset, we recom- mend that you visit your authorized dealer at your earliest possible convenience. Your authorized dealer has diagnostic equipment to determine if the problem could recur. If the transmission cannot be reset, authorized dealer service is required. Electronic Range Select (ERS) Operation The Electronic Range Select (ERS) shift control allows the driver to limit the highest available gear when the shift lever is in the DRIVE position. For example, if you shift the transmission into 3 (third gear), the transmission will never shift above third gear, but will shift down into second and first gear normally. You can switch between DRIVE and ERS mode at any vehicle speed. When the shift lever is in the DRIVE position, the transmission will operate automatically, shifting between all available gears. Tapping the ERS (-)

switch will activate ERS mode, display the current gear in the instrument cluster, and maintain that gear as the top available gear. Once in ERS mode, tapping ERS (-) or (+) will change the top available gear.

Column Shift Lever

To exit ERS mode, simply press and hold the ERS (+) switch until “D” is once again displayed in the shift lever position indicator in the instrument cluster.

WARNING!

Do not downshift for additional engine braking on a slippery surface. The drive wheels could lose their grip and the vehicle could skid, causing an accident or personal injury.

1-5

1-3

1-2

1-4

Screen Display Actual Gear(s) Allowed NOTE: To select the proper gear position for maximum deceleration (engine braking), simply press and hold the ERS (-) switch down. The transmission will shift to the range from which the vehicle can best be slowed down.

6 D 1-6 1-6

STARTING AND OPERATING 409

perature,

Overdrive Operation The automatic transmission includes an electronically controlled Overdrive (fifth and sixth gears). The trans- mission will automatically shift into the Overdrive gear if the following conditions are present: • the shift lever is in the DRIVE position, • the transmission fluid has reached an adequate tem- • the engine coolant (antifreeze) has reached an ad- • vehicle speed is sufficiently high, and • the TOW/HAUL switch has not been activated. When To Use TOW/HAUL Mode When driving in hilly areas, towing a trailer, carrying a heavy load, etc., and frequent transmission shifting oc- curs, press the TOW/HAUL switch to select TOW/

equate temperature,

410 STARTING AND OPERATING HAUL mode. This will improve performance and reduce the potential for transmission overheating or failure due to excessive shifting. When operating in TOW/HAUL mode, transmission upshifts are delayed, and the trans- mission will automatically downshift (for engine brak- ing) during steady braking maneuvers.

TOW/HAUL Switch

The “TOW/HAUL Indicator Light” will illuminate in the instrument cluster to indicate that TOW/HAUL mode has been activated. Pressing the switch a second time restores normal operation. If the TOW/HAUL mode is desired, the switch must be pressed each time the engine is started. Torque Converter Clutch A feature designed to improve fuel economy has been included in the automatic transmission on your vehicle. A clutch within the torque converter engages automati- cally at calibrated speeds. This may result in a slightly different feeling or response during normal operation in the upper gears. When the vehicle speed drops or during some accelerations, the clutch automatically disengages. NOTE: • The torque converter clutch will not engage, and the transmission will not shift to sixth gear, until the

transmission fluid and engine coolant are warm [usu- ally after 1 to 3 miles (1.6 to 4.8 km) of driving]. Because sixth gear is disabled, and engine speed is higher when the torque converter clutch is not en- gaged, it may seem as if the transmission is not shifting properly when cold. This is normal. Using the Electronic Range Select (ERS) feature, when the trans- mission is sufficiently warm, will demonstrate that the transmission is able to shift into and out of Overdrive. • If the vehicle has not been driven for several days, the first few seconds of operation after shifting the trans- mission into gear may seem sluggish. This is due to the fluid partially draining from the torque converter into the transmission. This condition is normal and will not cause damage to the transmission. The torque con- verter will refill within five seconds after starting the engine.

STARTING AND OPERATING 411

FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE OPERATION — IF EQUIPPED Four-wheel drive trucks are equipped with either a manually shifted transfer case or an electronically shifted transfer case. Refer to the operating instructions for your transfer case, located in this section for further informa- tion. Manually Shifted Transfer Case – If Equipped The transfer case provides four mode positions. • Two-wheel drive high range (2H) • Four-wheel drive high range (4H) • Neutral (N) • Four-wheel drive low range (4L) This transfer case is intended to be driven in the 2H position for normal street and highway conditions such as dry, hard surfaced roads.

412 STARTING AND OPERATING When additional traction is required, the 4H and 4L positions can be used to lock the front and rear drive- shafts together and force the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. This is accomplished by simply moving the shift lever to the desired positions. The 4H and 4L positions are intended for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Driving in the 4H and 4L positions on dry, hard surfaced roads may cause increased tire wear and damage to the driveline components. The “Transfer Case Position Indicator Light” in the instrument cluster will alert the driver that the vehicle is in four-wheel drive and that the front and rear drive- shafts are locked together. This light will illuminate when the transfer case is shifted into either the 4H or 4L position. There is no light for the 2H or NEUTRAL positions.

When operating your vehicle in 4L, the engine speed is approximately three times that of the 2H or 4H positions at a given road speed. Take care not to overspeed the engine and do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Proper operation of four-wheel drive vehicles depends on tires of equal size, type and circumference on each wheel. Any difference will adversely affect shifting and can cause damage to the drivetrain. NOTE: Do not attempt to make a shift while only the front or rear wheels are spinning. The transfer case is not equipped with a synchronizer and therefore the front and rear driveshaft speeds must be equal for the shift to take place. Shifting while only the front or rear wheels are spinning can cause damage to the transfer case. Because four-wheel drive provides improved traction, there is a tendency to exceed safe turning and stopping speeds. Do not go faster than road conditions permit.

NOTE: Delayed shifts out of four-wheel drive may be experienced due to uneven tire wear, low or uneven tire pressures, excessive vehicle loading, or cold tempera- tures.

WARNING!

You or others could be injured if you leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the NEUTRAL position without first fully engaging the parking brake. The transfer case NEUTRAL position disengages both the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain and will allow the vehicle to move regardless of the transmission position. The parking brake should always be applied when the driver is not in the vehicle.

STARTING AND OPERATING 413
For additional information on the appropriate use of each transfer case mode position, see the information below: 2H Rear-Wheel Drive High Range - This range is for normal street and highway driving on dry hard surfaced roads. 4H Four-Wheel Drive High Range - This range locks the front and rear driveshafts together forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. Additional traction for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Neutral - This range disengages the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain. To be used for flat towing behind another vehicle. Refer to “Recreational Towing” in “Starting and Operating” for further information.

414 STARTING AND OPERATING 4L Four-Wheel Drive Low Range - This range locks the front and rear driveshafts together forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. Additional traction and maximum pulling power for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Shifting Procedure – Manually Shifted Transfer Case 2H ⇔ 4H Shifting between 2H and 4H can be made with the vehicle stopped or in motion. If the vehicle is in motion, shifts can be made up to 55 mph (88 km/h). With the vehicle in motion, the transfer case will engage/ disengage faster if you momentarily release the accelera- tor pedal after completing the shift. Apply a constant force when shifting the transfer case lever.

2H Or 4H ⇔ 4L With the vehicle rolling at 2 to 3 mph (3 to 5 km/h), shift the transmission into NEUTRAL. While the vehicle is coasting at 2 to 3 mph (3 to 5 km/h), shift the transfer case lever firmly to the desired position. Do not pause in transfer case NEUTRAL. NOTE: • Pausing in transfer case NEUTRAL in vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission may require shutting the engine OFF to avoid gear clash while completing the shift. If difficulty occurs, shift the transmission into NEUTRAL, hold foot on brake, and turn the engine OFF. Make shift to the desired mode. • Shifting into or out of 4L is possible with the vehicle completely stopped, however difficulty may occur due to the mating clutch teeth not being properly aligned. Several attempts may be required for clutch teeth alignment and shift completion to occur. The preferred

method is with the vehicle rolling 2 to 3 mph (3 to 5 km/h). Avoid attempting to engage or disengage 4L with the vehicle moving faster than 2 to 3 mph (3 to 5 km/h). • Do not attempt to shift into or from 4L while the

transmission is in gear.

Transfer Case Position Indicator Light The “Transfer Case Position Indicator Light” in the instrument cluster is used to alert the driver that the front axle is fully engaged and all four wheels are driving. Electronically Shifted Transfer Case (Four-Position Switch) – If Equipped This is an electronic shift transfer case and is operated by the 4WD Control Switch (Transfer Case Switch), which is located on the instrument panel.

STARTING AND OPERATING 415

Transfer Case Switch (Four-Position)

This electronically shifted transfer case provides four mode positions: • Two-wheel drive high range (2WD) • Four-wheel drive lock range (4WD LOCK) • Four-wheel drive low range (4WD LOW) • Neutral (NEUTRAL)

416 STARTING AND OPERATING This electronically shifted transfer case is designed to be driven in the two-wheel drive position (2WD) for normal street and highway conditions on dry, hard surfaced roads. When additional traction is required, the transfer case 4WD LOCK and 4WD LOW positions can be used to lock the front and rear driveshafts together, forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. This is accomplished by rotating the 4WD Control Switch to the desired position. Refer to “Shifting Procedure” in this section for specific shifting instructions. The 4WD LOCK and 4WD LOW positions are designed for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Driving in the 4WD LOCK and 4WD LOW positions on dry hard surfaced roads may cause increased tire wear and damage to the driveline compo- nents. NOTE: The transfer case NEUTRAL position is selected by pressing the recessed button located on the lower left

hand corner of the 4WD Control Switch. The transfer case NEUTRAL position is to be used for recreational towing only. Refer to “Recreational Towing” in “Starting and Operating” for further information. Transfer Case Position Indicator Lights The Transfer Case Position Indicator Lights (4WD and 4LOW) are located in the instrument cluster and indicate the current and desired transfer case selection. When you select a different transfer case position, the indicator lights will do the following: If All Shift Conditions Are Met: 1. The current position indicator light will turn OFF. 2. The selected position indicator light will flash until the transfer case completes the shift.

3. When the shift is complete, the indicator light for the selected position will stop flashing and remain ON. If One Or More Shift Conditions Are Not Met: 1. The indicator light for the current position will remain ON. 2. The newly selected position indicator light will con- tinue to flash. 3. The transfer case will not shift. NOTE: Before retrying a selection, make certain that all the necessary requirements for selecting a new transfer case position have been met. To retry the selection, turn the control knob back to the current position, wait five seconds, and retry selection. To find the shift require- ments, refer to the ⬙Shifting Procedure⬙ for your transfer case, located in this section.

STARTING AND OPERATING 417
The “SVC 4WD Warning Light” monitors the electronic shift four-wheel drive system. If this light remains on after engine start up or illuminates during driving, it means that the four-wheel drive system is not function- ing properly and that service is required.

WARNING!

Always engage the parking brake when powering down the vehicle if the “SVC 4WD Warning Light” is illuminated. Not engaging the parking brake may allow the vehicle to roll, which may cause personal injury.

NOTE: Do not attempt to make a shift while only the front or rear wheels are spinning, as this can cause damage to driveline components.

418 STARTING AND OPERATING When operating your vehicle in 4WD LOW, the engine speed is approximately three times that of the 2WD or 4WD LOCK positions at a given road speed. Take care not to overspeed the engine and do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Proper operation of four-wheel drive vehicles depends on tires of equal size, type and circumference on each wheel. Any difference in tire size can cause damage to the drivetrain. Because four-wheel drive provides improved traction, there is a tendency to exceed safe turning and stopping speeds. Do not go faster than road conditions permit.

WARNING!

You or others could be injured if you leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the NEUTRAL position without first fully engaging the parking brake. The transfer case NEUTRAL position disengages both the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain and will allow the vehicle to move regardless of the transmission position. The parking brake should always be applied when the driver is not in the vehicle.

For additional information on the appropriate use of each transfer case mode position, see the information below: 2WD Rear Wheel Drive High Range - This range is for normal street and highway driving on dry, hard surfaced roads.

4WD LOCK Four-Wheel Drive Lock Range - This range locks the front and rear driveshafts together forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. This range provides additional traction for loose, slippery road surfaces only. 4WD LOW Four-Wheel Drive Low Range - This range provides low speed four-wheel drive. It locks the front and rear driveshafts together forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. This range provides additional traction and maximum pulling power for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Neutral - This range disengages both the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain. To be used for flat towing behind another vehicle. Refer to “Recreational Towing” in “Starting and Operating” for further information.

STARTING AND OPERATING 419

Shifting Procedure NOTE: • If any of the requirements to select a new transfer case position have not been met, the transfer case will not shift. The position indicator light for the previous position will remain ON and the newly selected posi- tion indicator light will continue to flash until all the requirements for the selected position have been met. To retry a shift: return the control knob back to the original position, make certain all shift requirements have been met, wait five seconds and try the shift again. • If all the requirements to select a new transfer case position have been met, the current position indicator light will turn OFF, the selected position indicator light will flash until the transfer case completes the shift. When the shift is complete, the position indicator light for the selected position will stop flashing and remain ON.

420 STARTING AND OPERATING

2WD⇔ 4WD LOCK Rotate the 4WD control switch to the desired position. Shifts between 2WD and 4WD LOCK can be done with the vehicle stopped or in motion. With the vehicle in motion, the transfer case will engage/disengage faster if you momentarily release the accelerator pedal after turn- ing the control switch. If the vehicle is stopped, the ignition switch must be in the ON position with the engine either running or off. This shift cannot be com- pleted if the ignition switch is in the ACC position. NOTE: The four-wheel drive system will not allow shifts between 2WD/4WD LOCK if the front and/or rear wheels are spinning (no traction). In this situation, the selected position indicator light will flash and the origi- nal position indicator light will remain ON. At this time, reduce speed and stop spinning the wheels to complete the shift.

2WD Or 4WD LOCK⇔ 4WD LOW NOTE: When shifting into or out of 4WD LOW some gear noise may be heard. This noise is normal and is not detrimental to the vehicle or occupants. Shifting can be performed with the vehicle rolling 2 to 3 mph (3 to 5 km/h) or completely stopped. You can use either of the following procedures: Preferred Procedure 1. With the engine running, slow the vehicle to 2 to 3 mph (3 to 5 km/h). 2. Shift the transmission into NEUTRAL. 3. While still rolling, rotate the transfer case control switch to the desired position. 4. After the desired position indicator light is ON (not flashing), shift the transmission back into gear.

Alternate Procedure 1. Bring the vehicle to a complete stop. 2. With the ignition switch in the ON position and the engine either OFF or running, shift the transmission into NEUTRAL. 3. Rotate the transfer case control switch to the desired position. 4. After the desired position indicator light is ON (not flashing), shift the transmission back into gear.

STARTING AND OPERATING 421

NOTE: • If Steps 1 or 2 of either the Preferred or Alternate Procedure are not satisfied prior to attempting the shift, then the desired position indicator light will flash continuously while the original position indicator light is ON, until all requirements have been met. • The ignition switch must be in the ON position for a shift to take place and for the position indicator lights to be operable. If the ignition switch is not in the ON position, the shift will not take place and no position indicator lights will be on or flashing.

422 STARTING AND OPERATING Electronically Shifted Transfer Case (Five-Position Switch) – If Equipped This is an electronic shift transfer case and is operated by the 4WD Control Switch (Transfer Case Switch), which is located on the instrument panel.

Transfer Case Switch (Five–Position)

This electronically shifted transfer case provides five mode positions: • Two-wheel drive high range (2WD) • Four-wheel drive automatic range (4WD AUTO) • Four-wheel drive lock range (4WD LOCK) • Four-wheel drive low range (4WD LOW) • Neutral (NEUTRAL) This electronically shifted transfer case is designed to be driven in the two–wheel drive position (2WD) or four- wheel drive position (4WD AUTO) for normal street and highway conditions on dry hard surfaced roads). Driving the vehicle in 2WD will have greater fuel economy benefits as the front axle is not engaged in 2WD. For variable driving conditions, the 4WD AUTO mode can be used. In this mode, the front axle is engaged, but the vehicle’s power is sent to the rear wheels. Four-wheel

drive will be automatically engaged when the vehicle senses a loss of traction. Because the front axle is en- gaged, this mode will result in lower fuel economy than the 2WD mode. When additional traction is required, the transfer case 4WD LOCK and 4WD LOW positions can be used to lock the front and rear driveshafts together forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. This is accomplished by rotating the 4WD Control Switch to the desired position. Refer to “Shifting Procedure” for spe- cific shifting instructions. The 4WD LOCK and 4WD LOW positions are designed for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Driving in the 4WD LOCK and 4WD LOW positions on dry hard surfaced roads may cause in- creased tire wear and damage to the driveline compo- nents. NOTE: The transfer case NEUTRAL position is selected by depressing the recessed button located on the lower

STARTING AND OPERATING 423
left hand corner of the 4WD Control Switch. The transfer case NEUTRAL position is to be used for recreational towing only. Refer to “Recreational Towing” in “Starting and Operating” for further information. Transfer Case Position Indicator Lights The Transfer Case Position Indicator Lights (4WD, 4LOW, and 4WD AUTO) are located on the instrument cluster and indicate the current and desired transfer case selection. When you select a different transfer case posi- tion, the position indicator lights will do the following: If All Shift Conditions Are Met: 1. The current position indicator light will turn OFF. 2. The selected position indicator light will flash until the transfer case completes the shift. 3. When the shift is complete, the indicator light for the selected position will stop flashing and remain ON.

424 STARTING AND OPERATING If One Or More Shift Conditions Are Not Met: 1. The indicator light for the current position will remain ON. 2. The newly selected position indicator light will con- tinue to flash. 3. The transfer case will not shift. NOTE: Before retrying a selection, make certain that all the necessary requirements for selecting a new transfer case position have been met. To retry the selection, turn the control knob back to the current position, wait five seconds, and retry selection. To find the shift require- ments, refer to the ⬙Shifting Procedure⬙ for your transfer case, located in this section of the owner’s manual.

The “SVC 4WD Warning Light” monitors the electronic shift four-wheel drive system. If this light remains on after engine start up or illuminates during driving, it means that the four-wheel drive system is not function- ing properly and that service is required.

WARNING!

Always engage the parking brake when powering down the vehicle if the “SVC 4WD Warning Light” is illuminated. Not engaging the parking brake may allow the vehicle to roll which may cause personal injury.

NOTE: Do not attempt to make a shift while only the front or rear wheels are spinning. This could cause damage to driveline components.

When operating your vehicle in 4WD LOW, the engine speed is approximately three times that of the 2WD, 4WD AUTO or 4WD LOCK positions at a given road speed. Take care not to overspeed the engine and do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Proper operation of four-wheel drive vehicles depends on tires of equal size, type and circumference on each wheel. Any difference in tire size can cause damage to the drivetrain. Because four-wheel drive provides improved traction, there is a tendency to exceed safe turning and stopping speeds. Do not go faster than road conditions permit.

STARTING AND OPERATING 425

WARNING!

You or others could be injured if you leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the NEUTRAL position without first fully engaging the parking brake. The transfer case NEUTRAL position disengages both the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain and will allow the vehicle to move regardless of the transmission position. The parking brake should always be applied when the driver is not in the vehicle.

For additional information on the appropriate use of each transfer case mode position, see the information below: 2WD Rear-Wheel Drive High Range - This range is for normal street and highway driving on dry hard surfaced roads.

426 STARTING AND OPERATING 4WD AUTO Four-Wheel Drive Auto Range - This range sends power to the rear wheels. The four–wheel drive system will be automatically engaged when the vehicle senses a loss of traction. Additional traction for varying road conditions. 4WD LOCK Four-Wheel Drive Lock Range - This range locks the front and rear driveshafts together forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. Additional traction for loose, slippery road surfaces only. 4WD LOW Four-Wheel Drive Low Range - This range provides low speed four-wheel drive. Locks the front and rear drive- shafts together forcing the front and rear wheels to rotate at the same speed. Additional traction and maximum pulling power for loose, slippery road surfaces only. Do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h).

Neutral - This range disengages both the front and rear driveshafts from the powertrain. To be used for flat towing behind another vehicle. Refer to “Recreational Towing” in “Starting and Operating” for further information. Shifting Procedure NOTE: • If any of the requirements to select a new transfer case position have not been met, the transfer case will not shift. The position indicator light for the previous position will remain ON, and the newly selected position indicator light will continue to flash until all the requirements for the selected position have been met. To retry a shift: return the control knob back to the original position, make certain all shift requirements have been met, wait five seconds and try the shift again.

• If all the requirements to select a new transfer case position have been met, the current position indicator light will turn OFF, the selected position indicator light will flash until the transfer case completes the shift. When the shift is complete, the position indicator light for the selected position will stop flashing and remain ON.

2WD ⇔ 4WD AUTO Or 4WD LOCK Rotate the 4WD Control Switch to the desired position. Shifts between 2WD and 4WD AUTO and 4WD LOCK can be done with the vehicle stopped or in motion. With the vehicle in motion, the transfer case will engage/ disengage faster if you momentarily release the accelera- tor pedal after turning the control switch. If the vehicle is stopped, the ignition switch must be in the ON position with the engine either running or OFF. This shift cannot be completed if the ignition switch is in the ACC position.

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2WD Or 4WD AUTO Or 4WD LOCK ⇔ 4WD LOW NOTE: When shifting into or out of 4WD LOW some gear noise may be heard. This noise is normal and is not detrimental to the vehicle or occupants. Shifting can be performed with the vehicle rolling 2 to 3 mph (3 to 5 km/h) or completely stopped. Use either of the following procedures: Preferred Procedure 1. With the engine running, slow the vehicle to 2 to 3 mph (3 to 5 km/h). 2. Shift the transmission into NEUTRAL. 3. While still rolling, rotate the transfer case control switch to the desired position. 4. After the desired position indicator light is ON (not flashing), shift the transmission back into gear.

428 STARTING AND OPERATING Alternate Procedure 1. Bring the vehicle to complete stop. 2. With the ignition switch in the ON position and the engine either OFF or running, shift the transmission into NEUTRAL. 3. Rotate the transfer case control switch to the desired position. 4. After the desired position indicator light is ON (not flashing), shift the transmission back into gear. NOTE: • If Steps 1 or 2 of either the Preferred or Alternate Procedure are not satisfied prior to attempting the shift or if they no longer are being met while the shift attempt is in process, the desired position indicator light will flash continuously while the original posi- tion indicator light is ON, until all requirements have been met.

• The ignition switch must be in the ON position for a shift to take place and for the position indicator lights to be operable. If the ignition switch is not in the ON position, then the shift will not take place and no position indicator lights will be on or flashing.

AXLE LOCKER SYSTEM (2500 MODELS ONLY) — IF EQUIPPED This vehicle is equipped with electronically locking front and rear differentials. These differentials, when engaged, mechanically lock together the axle shafts forcing the wheels to spin at an equal rate. This allows the vehicle to maintain its momentum and prevents it from becoming stuck. The locking front and rear differentials should only be engaged during low-speed, extreme off-road situa- tions where one wheel is likely to not be in contact with the ground. It is not recommended to drive the vehicle with the differentials locked on pavement due to the reduced ability to turn and speed limitations.

CAUTION!

• Do not lock the front or rear axle on hard surfaced roads. The ability to steer the vehicle is reduced and damage to the drivetrain may occur when the axles are locked on hard surfaced roads. • Do not try to lock the rear axle if the vehicle is stuck and the tires are spinning. You can damage drivetrain components. Lock the rear axle before attempting situations or navigating terrain, which could possibly cause the vehicle to become stuck.

The locking axles are controlled by the axle locker switch. The switch has three positions, AXLE UNLOCK, REAR LOCK, and FRONT/REAR LOCK. Under normal driv- ing conditions, the switch should be left in the AXLE UNLOCK position. In the AXLE UNLOCK position, the front and rear axles are unlocked. In the REAR LOCK

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position, the rear axle is locked. In the FRONT/REAR LOCK position, the front and rear axles are locked. NOTE: Even when the axles are in the AXLE UNLOCK position, the limited slip differential in the rear axle still provides torque biasing capability for moderate low traction environments. During the command to lock the axle, the indicator light will flash until the axle is locked. After the lock command has been successfully executed, the light will remain on solid. To lock the rear axle, place the vehicle in 4LO. Refer to “Four Wheel Drive Operation” in “Starting and Operat- ing” for further information. Move the axle locker switch position to REAR LOCK while traveling less than 3 mph (5 km/h). The RR indicator light will remain on when the rear axle is locked.

430 STARTING AND OPERATING NOTE: Left to right wheel speed difference may be necessary to allow the axle to fully lock. If the indicator light is flashing after placing the switch in the REAR LOCK or FRONT/REAR LOCK position, drive the ve- hicle in a turn or on loose gravel to expedite the locking action.

WARNING!

Do not use the locked axle position for normal driving. A locked front axle is intended for off-road driving only. Locking the front axle during on-road driving will reduce the steering ability. This could cause a collision and you may be seriously injured.

To lock the front axle; move the axle locker switch to FRONT/REAR LOCK while traveling less than 3 mph (5 km/h). The indicator light will be solid when the front axle is locked.

NOTE: The rear axle must be locked before the front axle will lock. To unlock the front axle; move the axle locker switch to REAR LOCK. The FRONT/REAR LOCK indicator light will go out when the axle is unlocked. NOTE: The axle lockers could be torque locked due to side to side loads on the axle. Driving slowly while turning the steering wheel from a left hand turn to a right hand turn or driving in REVERSE for a short distance may be required to release the torque lock and unlock the axles. To unlock the rear axle; move the axle locker switch to AXLE UNLOCK. The REAR LOCK indicator light will go out when the rear axle is unlocked.

STABILIZER/SWAY BAR SYSTEM — POWER WAGON ONLY Your vehicle is equipped with an electronic disconnecting stabilizer/sway bar. This system allows greater front suspension travel in off-road situations. Due to the use of taller springs, this vehicle has an increased ride height of approximately 1.9 in (48.3 mm) in the front and 1.5 in (38.1 mm) in the rear. A major advantage to increasing ride height is the positive effect it has on approach/departure and break over angles. This system is controlled by the electronic control sway bar switch located on the instrument panel.

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1 — On Road 2 — Off Road The switch has two positions; On-Road and Off-Road. The system is normally in the On-Road mode, indicated by a solid green light. The stabilizer/sway bar should remain in the On-Road mode during normal driving conditions.

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WARNING!

Do not disconnect the stabilizer bar and drive on hard surfaced roads or at speeds above 18 mph (29 km/h), you may lose control of the vehicle, which could result in serious injury. The front stabilizer bar enhances vehicle stability and is necessary for main- taining control of the vehicle. The system monitors vehicle speed and will attempt to reconnect the stabilizer bar at speeds over 18 mph (29 km/h). This is indicated by a flashing off road light and solid on road light. Once vehicle speed is reduced below 14 mph (22 km/h), the system will attempt to return to the Off-Road mode.

To disconnect the stabilizer/sway bar, shift to either 4HI or 4LO as shown in “Four Wheel Drive Operation” and press the top of the stabilizer/sway bar button to obtain the Off-Road position. The amber indicator light will flash until the stabilizer/sway bar has been fully discon- nected. NOTE: The stabilizer/sway bar may be torque locked due to left and right suspension height differences. This condition is due to driving surface differences or vehicle loading. to disconnect/reconnect, the right and left halves of the bar must be aligned. This alignment may require that the vehicle be driven onto level ground or rocked from side to side. To return to the On-Road mode; press the bottom of the stabilizer/sway bar button.

the stabilizer/sway bar

In order

for

WARNING!

If the stabilizer/sway bar will not return to On-Road mode, vehicle stability is greatly reduced. Do not attempt to drive the vehicle over 18 mph (29 km/h). Driving faster than 18 mph (29 km/h) may cause loss of control of the vehicle, which could result in serious injury. Contact your local service center for assistance.

SAFE OFF-ROAD DRIVING — POWER WAGON ONLY

Off-Road Driving Tips And Vehicle Characteristics Your vehicle has excellent on and off-road capabilities. These off-road capabilities will allow you to explore those wilderness trails where few travel, providing a source of exciting and satisfying recreation. Before you venture out, you should contact your local governmental agency to determine the designated off-road vehicle

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(ORV) trails or recreation areas. You should always tread lightly and only use established roads, trails or ORV recreational areas. The National Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management or local Department of Natural Re- sources are a wealth of information and usually have maps with marked trails. Skid Plates And Underbody Protection Steel skid plates protect the major driveline components of the truck including the fuel tank, transfer case and steering damper. In addition, this vehicle is equipped with boxed cross members and fore/aft rails. This addi- tional protection allows the vehicle to be utilized in severe off-road situations that would be considered im- passable by a normal truck. Ramp Travel Index (RTI) The ramp travel index is the distance, in inches, that you can drive your vehicle with one wheel on a 20-degree ramp without lifting any other wheel off the ground. This

434 STARTING AND OPERATING distance up the ramp divided by the wheelbase of the vehicle and multiplied by 1,000 is the RTI. This vehicle has an RTI of 655, which means you can articulate one front wheel 32 inches in the air while the other three wheels remain in contact with the ground. Water Fording Characteristics Water fording characteristic is the vehicle’s ability to cross a body of still water, where the powertrain and drivetrain are safe from water ingestion. This vehicle has high water fording characteristics with the ability to cross a pool of water, without stopping, 24 inches deep at a maximum speed of 10 mph (16 km/h) and a pool of water 30 inches deep at a maximum speed of 5 mph (8 km/h), both with an entrance ramp angle of 1.3 degrees.

CAUTION!

The door sill height is 25 inches. Water may intrude into the interior of the vehicle at greater depths.

Simultaneous Brake And Throttle Operation Many off-road driving conditions require the simultane- ous use of the brake and throttle (two footed driving). When climbing rocks, logs, or other stepped objects, using light brake pressure with light throttle will keep the vehicle from jerking or lurching. This technique is also used when you need to stop and restart a vehicle on a steep incline. The Basics Of Off-Road Driving You will encounter many types of terrain driving off- road. You should be familiar with the terrain and area before proceeding. There are many types of surface conditions: hard packed dirt, gravel, rocks, grass, sand, mud, snow and ice. Every surface has a different effect on your vehicle’s steering, handling and traction. Control- ling your vehicle is one of the keys to successful off-road driving, so always keep a firm grip on the steering wheel and maintain a good driving posture. Avoid sudden accelerations, turns or braking. In most cases there are no

road signs, posted speed limits or signal lights. Therefore you will need to use your own good judgment on what is safe and what isn’t. When on a trail you should always be looking ahead for surface obstacles and changes in terrain. The key is to plan your future driving route while remembering what you are currently driving over.

CAUTION!

Never park your vehicle over dry grass or other combustible materials. The heat from your vehicle exhaust system could cause a fire.

WARNING!

Always wear your seat belt and firmly tie down cargo. Unsecured cargo can become projectiles in an off-road situation.

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When To Use Low Range When driving off-road, shift into 4L (Low Range) for additional traction or to improve handling and control on slippery or difficult terrain. Due to the lower gearing, low range will allow the engine to operate in a higher power range. This will allow you to idle over obstacles and down hills, with improved control and less effort. Also, use 4L (Low Range) in rain, ice, snow, mud, sand, to get heavy loads rolling, improve traction, or whenever 4H (High Range) traction will not do the job. Driving In Snow, Mud And Sand There is a drastic reduction in traction when driving in snow, mud or sand. The vehicle will be less responsive to steering, acceleration and braking inputs. Therefore you should accelerate slowly, leave greater stopping distances and avoid abrupt vehicle maneuvers. You want to keep a slow constant steady pace. The key is to maintain the vehicle’s momentum.

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• Snow – In heavy snow or for additional control and traction at slower speeds, shift the transmission to a low gear and shift the transfer case to 4L (Low Range) if necessary. Do not shift to a lower gear than neces- sary to maintain headway. Over-revving the engine can spin the wheels and traction will be lost. If you start to slow to a stop, try turning your steering wheel no more than a 1⁄4 turn quickly back and forth, while still applying throttle. This will allow the tires to get a fresh ⬙bite⬙ and help maintain your momentum.

CAUTION!

On icy or slippery roads, do not downshift at high engine RPMs or vehicle speeds because engine brak- ing may cause skidding and loss of control. • Mud – Deep mud creates a great deal of suction around the tires and is very difficult to get through. You should use 4L (Low Range) with a gear low

enough to maintain your momentum without shifting. If you start to slow to a stop, try turning your steering wheel no more than a 1⁄4 turn quickly back and forth for additional traction. Mud holes pose an increased threat of vehicle damage and getting stuck. They are normally full of debris from previous vehicles getting stuck. As a good practice before entering any mud hole, get out and determine how deep it is, if there are any hidden obstacles and if the vehicle can be safely recovered if stuck. • Sand – Soft sand is very difficult to travel through with full tire pressure. When crossing soft sandy spots in a trail maintain your vehicle’s momentum and do not stop. The key to driving in soft sand using the appropriate tire pressure, accelerating slowly, avoid- ing abrupt maneuvers and maintaining the vehicle’s momentum. If you are going to be driving on large soft sandy areas or dunes, reduce your tire pressure to a minimum of 15 psi (103 kPa) to allow for a greater tire

surface area. Reduced tire pressure will drastically improve your traction and handling, while driving on the soft sand, but you must return the tires to normal air pressure before driving on pavement or other hard surfaces. Be sure you have a way to air the tires back up prior to reducing the pressure.

CAUTION!

Reduced tire pressures may cause tire unseating and total loss of air pressure. To reduce the risk of tire unseating, while at a reduced tire pressure, reduce your speed and avoid sharp turns or abrupt maneu- vers.

Crossing Obstacles (Rocks And Other High Points) While driving off road, you will encounter many types of terrain. These varying types of terrain bring different types of obstacles. Before proceeding review the path

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ahead to determine the correct approach and your ability to safely recover the vehicle if something goes wrong. Keeping a firm grip on the steering wheel, bring the vehicle to a complete stop and then inch the vehicle forward until it makes contact with the object. Apply the throttle lightly while holding a light brake pressure and ease the vehicle up and over the object.

WARNING!

Crossing obstacles can cause abrupt steering system loading which could cause you to loose control of your vehicle.

Using A Spotter There are many times where it is hard to see the obstacle or determine the correct path. Determining the correct path can be extremely difficult when you are confronting many obstacles. In these cases have someone guide you over, through, or around the obstacle. Have the person

438 STARTING AND OPERATING stand a safe distance in front of you where they can see the obstacle, watch your tires and undercarriage, and guide you through. Crossing Large Rocks When approaching large rocks, choose a path which ensures you drive over the largest with your tires. This will lift your undercarriage over the obstacle. The tread of the tire is tougher and thicker than the side wall and is designed to take the abuse. Always look ahead and make every effort to cross the large rocks with your tires.

CAUTION!

• Never attempt to straddle a rock that is large • Never attempt to drive over a rock which is large

enough to strike your axles or undercarriage.

enough to contact the door sills.

Crossing A Ravine, Gully, Ditch, Washout Or Rut When crossing a ravine, gully, ditch, washout or a large rut, the angled approach is the key to maintaining your vehicle’s mobility. Approach these obstacles at a 45- degree angle and let each tire go through the obstacle independently. You need to use caution when crossing large obstacles with steep sides. Do not attempt to cross any large obstacle with steep sides at an angle great enough to put the vehicle at risk of a rollover. If you get caught in a rut, dig a small trench to the right or left at a 45-degree angle ahead of the front tires. Use the removed dirt to fill the rut ahead of the turnout you just created. You should now be able to drive out following the trench you just created at a 45-degree angle.

WARNING!

There is an increased risk of rollover when crossing an obstacle, at any angle, with steep sides.

Crossing Logs To cross a log, approach it at a slight angle (approxi- mately 10 to 15 degrees). This allows one front tire to be on top of the log while the other just starts to climb the log. While climbing the log, modulate your brake and accelerator to avoid spinning the log out from under your tires. Then ease the vehicle off the log using your brakes.

CAUTION!

Do not attempt to cross a log with a greater diameter than the running ground clearance or the vehicle will become high centered.

Getting High Centered If you get hung up or high centered on an object, get out of the vehicle and try to determine what the vehicle is hung up on, where it is contacting the underbody and what is the best direction to recover the vehicle. Depend- ing on what you are in contact with, jack the vehicle up

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and place a few rocks under the tires so the weight is off of the high point when you let the vehicle down. You can also try rocking the vehicle or winching the vehicle off the object.

CAUTION!

Winching or rocking the vehicle off hard objects increases the risk of underbody damage.

Hill Climbing Hill climbing requires good judgment and a good under- standing of your abilities and your vehicle’s limitations. Hills can cause serious problems. Some are just too steep to climb and should not be attempted. You should always feel confident with the vehicle and your abilities. You should always climb hills straight up and down. Never attempt to climb a hill on an angle.

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• Before Climbing A Steep Hill – As you approach a hill consider its grade or steepness. Determine if it is too steep. Look to see what the traction is on the hill side trail. Is the trail straight up and down? What is on top and the other side? Are there ruts, rocks, branches