1997 Nissan Pathfinder Owners Manual

4. Turn the temperature control dial to set the

desired temperature.

I Adjust the temperature control dial to about

75°F (24°C) for normal operation.

I The temperature will be maintained auto-

matically.

Operating tips I Clear snow and ice from the wiper blade and air inlet in front of the windshield. This will improve heater operation.

AIR CONDITIONER OPERATION Start the engine, turn the fan control dial to the desired (Auto, 1 to 3) position and push in the air conditioner button to activate the air condi- tioner. When the air conditioner is on, cooling and dehumidifying functions will be added to the heater operation. The air conditioner cooling function oper- ates only when the engine is running.

1. Push the air recirculation button OFF.

Turn on the fan control dial (1 to 3).

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Cooling This mode is used to cool and dehumidify.

Dehumidified heating This mode is used to heat and dehumidify.

1. Push the air recirculation button OFF.

1. Push the air recirculation button OFF.

2. Turn the air control dial to the “

” posi-

2. Turn the air control dial to the “

” posi-

tion.

3. (Manual mode)

tion.

3. (Manual mode)

Turn on the fan control dial (1 to 3).

Turn on the fan control dial (1 to 3).

(Auto mode)

(Auto mode)

Turn the fan control dial position.

to the AUTO

Turn the fan control dial position.

to the AUTO

I The fan speed will be maintained automati-

cally.

4. Push the air conditioner button on. The

indicator light will come on.

5. Turn the temperature control dial to set the

desired temperature.

I Adjust the temperature control dial to about

75°F (24°C) for normal operation.

I The temperature will be maintained auto-

matically.

I For quick cooling when the outside tem- perature is high, push the air recirculation button on. Be sure to turn off the air recir- culation button for normal cooling.

I The fan speed will be maintained automati-

cally.

4. Push on the air conditioner button. The

indicator light will come on.

5. Turn the temperature control dial to set the

desired temperature.

I Adjust the temperature control dial to about

75°F (24°C) for normal operation.

I The temperature will be maintained auto-

matically.

Dehumidified defogging This mode is used to defog the windows and dehumidify.

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1. Push the air recirculation button OFF to

improve the defogging performance.

2. Turn the air control dial

to the “

”

position.

3. (Manual mode)

Turn on the fan control dial (1 to 3).

(Auto mode)

Turn the fan control dial position.

to the AUTO

4. Turn the temperature control dial

desired position.

to the

Operating tips I Keep windows and sun roof closed while

the air conditioner is in operation.

I After parking in the sun, drive for two or three minutes with the windows open to vent hot air from the passenger compart- ment. Then, close the windows. This will allow the air conditioner to cool the interior more quickly.

I The air conditioning system should be op- erated for about ten minutes at least once a month. This helps prevent damage to the system due to lack of lubrication.

I If the coolant temperature gauge exceeds

Z 01.2.1/R50-D X

the “HOT” position, turn the air conditioner off. See “If your vehicle overheats ”in the “In case of emergency” section for additional information.

I If the engine coolant reaches an extremely high temperature, the air conditioning sys- tem will automatically turn off. This may happen for example if the engine is run at idle for a long time on a hot day.

AIR FLOW CHARTS The following charts show the button and dial positions for MAXIMUM AND QUICK heating, cooling or defrosting. The air recirculation switch should always be in the “OFF” po- sition for heating and defrosting.

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SAA0154A

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SAA0156A

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Servicing air conditioner The air conditioning system in your NISSAN vehicle is charged with a refrigerant designed with the environment in mind. This refrigerant will not harm the earth’s ozone layer. However, special charging equipment and lu- bricant are required when servicing your NISSAN air conditioner. Using improper refrig- erants or lubricants will cause severe damage to your air conditioning system. See “Air Con- ditioning system refrigerant and lubricant rec- ommendations” in the “Technical and con- sumer information” section of this manual. Your NISSAN dealer will be able to service your environmentally “friendly” air conditioning system.

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The sensor on the instrument panel helps maintain a constant temperature. Do not put anything on or around this sensor.

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RADIO

To turn the radio on, turn the ignition key to “ACC” or “ON”. If you listen to the radio with the engine not running, turn the key to the “ACC” position. Radio reception is affected by station signal strength, distance from radio transmitter, build- ings, bridges, mountains, and other external influences. Intermittent changes in reception quality normally are caused by these external influences.

AM-FM RADIO WITH COMPACT DISC PLAYER The electronic tuning radio has an FM Diver- sity reception system, which employs two an- tennas. One is a rod type antenna; the other is an antenna printed on the window. This sys- tem automatically switches to the antenna which is receiving less noise. Radio operation Push the FM/AM button to listen to the radio and tune in the desired station. Pushing the FM/AM button while the com-

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SAA0247

pact disc is playing will turn off the com- pact disc player and turn on the radio. Turn the ON.VOL knob to adjust the volume. Clock set (Adjustment) Depressing the “CLOCK” and the “ ” but- tons together will set hours. Depressing the “CLOCK” and “ ” buttons together will set minutes. Clock operation By pressing the “CLOCK” button, you can alternate the clock and the radio/cassette tape options in the display.

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Clock priority mode In this mode the clock will be shown in the display. If any radio or CD functions are acti- vated, the radio or CD display will illuminate for ten seconds then return to the clock mode. After clock adjustment, the radio is in the clock priority mode. Selecting the desired band Push the AM/FM button to change from AM to FM reception.

The FM stereo indicator “ST” will glow during FM stereo reception. When the stereo broad- cast signal is weak, the radio will automatically change from stereo to monaural reception. Tuning

The radio should not be tuned while driving in order that full attention may be given to the driving operation.

Manual tuning

Push either side of the manual tuning button “

”.

SCAN tuning ” Push the SEEK/SCAN tuning button “ for more than 1.5 seconds. SCAN tuning be- gins from low to high frequencies and stops at each broadcasting station for five seconds. Pushing the button again during this five sec- ond period will stop SCAN tuning and the radio will remain tuned to that station. SEEK tuning Push the SEEK/SCAN tuning button “ ” for less than 1.5 seconds. SEEK tuning begins from low to high frequencies and stops at the next broadcasting station.

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Station memory operations Six stations can be set for each band.

1. Tune to the desired station.

2. Push the desired select button for more

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than 1.5 seconds. (For example in the diagram ch2 is to be memorized. The radio ceases emitting sounds when the select button is pushed.)

3. The indicator, “ch2” will then come on and

the sound will resume. Memorization is now complete.

4. Other buttons can be set

manner.

in the same

If the battery cable is disconnected, or if the fuse blows, the radio memory will be canceled. In that case, reset the desired stations.

SAA0185

front and rear speakers, and BAL adjusts the sound level between the right and left speak- ers. Once sound quality is set to the desired levels, return the control knobs to the stowed position by pushing them in completely and releasing.

Adjusting tone quality and speaker sound balance To adjust BASS, TREB (treble), FADER, and BAL (balance) the control knobs must be re- leased from their stowed positions. Pushing the knobs once moves them to the released position.

In the released position, the knobs control tone quality. Turn the control knobs to adjust BASS and TREB to the most pleasing level. From the released position, the knobs must be pulled out in order to control FADER and BAL. FADER adjusts the sound level between the

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COMPACT DISC PLAYER OPERATION

Do not force the compact disc into the slot. This could damage the player.

CD button

I When this button is pushed with the system off and the compact disc loaded, the sys- tem will turn on and the compact disc will start to play.

I When this button is pushed with the com- pact disc loaded but the radio playing, the radio will automatically be turned off and the compact disc will start to play.

I When this button is pushed while the com- pact disc is playing, the compact disc will stop playing. When this button is pushed with the compact disc stopped, the compact disc will start to play.

rewinding. When the button is released, the compact disc will return to normal play speed. APS FF, APS REW button

” button is pushed while the When the “ compact disc is being played, the program next to the present one will start to play from its beginning. Push several times to skip through programs. The compact disc will advance the number of times the button is pushed. (When the last program on the compact disc is the first program will be skipped through, played.) When the “ ” button is pushed, the program being played returns to its begin- ning. Push several times to skip back through programs. The compact disc will go back the number of times the button is pushed. RPT (Repeat) button When this button is pushed while the compact disc is being played, play pattern will change as follows: ALL: All the programs will be played repeat- edly in sequence. 1: Only one program (the one being played when the PROG button is pushed) will be repeated. RANDOM: Programs will be played at random,

SAA0163

Insert the compact disc into the compact disc player with the label side facing up as illus- trated. When ejecting the compact disc, press the EJECT button “

”.

If the compact disc is left alone for longer than 10 seconds after the EJECT button is pushed, the compact disc will be automatically inserted into the player. FF (fast forward), REW (rewind) button When the “ ” button is pushed while the compact disc is being played, the compact disc will play while fast forwarding or

” or “

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not following the sequence on the compact disc. l (no mark): All the programs will be played in sequence and stop when the last program is finished. I RANDOM The same program may be re-

peated twice.

I When the compact disc is ejected, the play

pattern will automatically change to ALL.

I During cold weather or rainy days, the player may malfunction due to the humidity. If this occurs, remove the CD and dehumidify or ventilate the player completely.

I The player may skip while driving on

rough roads.

I The CD player sometimes cannot function when the compartment tem- perature is extremely high. Decrease the temperature before use.

I Do not expose the CD to direct

sunlight.

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AM-FM RADIO WITH CASSETTE PLAYER AND COMPACT DISC PLAYER (Bose audio system) Head unit The radio has an FM Diversity reception sys- tem, which employs two antennas. One is a rod type antenna; the other is an antenna printed on the window. This system automati- cally switches to the antenna which is receiv- ing less noise. The tape deck employs a permalloy head which allows for improved reproduction of high frequency ranges. Noise is also greatly re- duced by the combined use of the Dolby NR (noise reduction) system. The auto loudness circuit enhances the low frequency range au- tomatically in both radio reception and tape playback. Power button Turn the ignition key to “ACC” or “ON”, and then push the POWER/VOLUME control knob while the system is off to call up the mode (radio, tape or CD) which was playing imme- diately before the system was turned off. When no CD or tape is loaded, the radio will come on. While the system is on, pushing the POWER/VOLUME control knob turns the sys- tem off.

SAA0187

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To turn the radio off, press the POWER/ VOLUME control knob. VOL (volume) control knob Turn the POWER/VOLUME control knob to adjust the volume. Clock set (Adjustment) Depressing the CLOCK button and the ” button together will set hours. De- “ pressing the CLOCK button and “ ” button together will set minutes. Clock operation By pressing the CLOCK button, you can alter- nate the clock and the radio/cassette tape/CD options in the display. Clock priority mode In this mode the clock will be shown in the display. If any radio cassette or CD functions are activated, the radio cassette or CD display will illuminate for ten seconds then return to the clock mode. After clock adjustment, the radio is in the clock priority mode.

SAA0188

front and rear speakers, and BAL adjusts the sound level between the right and left speak- ers. Once sound quality is set to the desired levels, return the control knobs to the stowed position by pushing them in completely and releasing.

Adjusting tone quality and speaker sound balance To adjust BASS, TREB (treble), FADER, and BAL (balance) the control knobs must be re- leased from their stowed positions. Pushing the knobs once moves them to the released position.

In the released position, the knobs control tone quality. Turn the control knobs to adjust BASS and TREB to the most pleasing level. From the released position, the knobs must be pulled out in order to control FADER and BAL. FADER adjusts the sound level between the

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RADIO OPERATION FM-AM band select button

TUNE button

five second period will stop SCAN tuning and the radio will remain tuned to that station.

Pushing the FM-AM band select button will change the band FM1, FM2 or AM. When FM-AM band select button is pushed while the ignition switch is at “ACC” or “ON”, the radio will come on at the station last played. The last station played will also come on when the power button is turned to ON. If a compact disc or tape is inserted when the FM-AM band select button is turned to ON, the compact disc or tape will automatically be turned off and the last radio station played will come on. The FM stereo indicator “ST” will glow during FM stereo reception. When the stereo broad- cast signal is weak, the radio will automatically change from stereo to monaural reception.

The radio should not be tuned while driving in order that full attention may be given to the driving operation.

Use these buttons for manual tuning. To move quickly through the channels, hold either of the tuning buttons down for more than 0.5 sec- onds. SEEK/SCAN tuning buttons

SEEK tuning

Push the SEEK/SCAN tuning button “ ” or “ ” for less than 1.5 seconds. SEEK tun- ing begins from low to high frequencies and stops at the next broadcasting station.

SCAN tuning

Push the SEEK/SCAN tuning button “ ” or “ ” for more than 1.5 seconds. SCAN tuning begins from low to high frequencies and stops at each broadcasting station for five seconds. Pushing the button again during this

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1. Tune to the desired station. 2. Push the desired select button for more than 1.5 seconds. (For example, in the diagram ch2 is to be memorized. The radio mutes when the select button is pushed.) 3. The indicator “ch2” will then come on and the sound will resume. Memorizing is now complete.

4. Other buttons can be set

manner.

in the same

If the battery cable is disconnected, or if the fuse blows, the radio memory will be can- celled. In that case, reset the desired stations. CASSETTE TAPE OPERATION Turn the ignition key to “ACC” or “ON”, and then lightly insert the cassette tape into the tape door. The cassette tape will be automati- cally pulled into the player. The radio or CD will turn off (if it is on) and the cassette tape will begin to play.

Do not force the cassette tape into the tape door.

This could cause player damage.

in the player,

If the system is turned off by pushing the POWER/VOLUME control knob with the cas- sette tape still the tape will resume playing when the POWER/VOLUME control knob is pushed again. TAPE button I When this button is pushed with the system turned off and a tape loaded, the system will come on and the tape will play.

I When this button is pushed with either the radio or compact disc turned on and the tape loaded, the compact disc or the radio will automatically be turned off and the tape will play.

While the tape is playing, pushing the TAPE button stops the tape. Pushing the button again allows the tape to play.

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Station memory operations Twelve stations can be set for the FM band (FM1 and FM2).

Six stations can be set for the AM band.

FF (fast forward), REW (rewind) button Push the FF (fast forward) button to fast for- ward the tape. To rewind the tape, push the REW (rewind) the indicator “ ” or “ ” will come on when the FF or REW function is started. APS (automatic program search) FF, APS REW button

button. ”,

Either ”,

light

“

“

When the APS FF button is pushed while the tape is being played, the next program will start to play from the beginning. Push the APS FF button several times to skip through pro- grams. The tape will advance the number of times the button is pushed (up to 9 programs). When the APS REW button is pushed once, the program being played starts over from the beginning. Push several times to fast rewind programs. The tape will go back the number of times the button is pushed. Either the indicator light “ ” will come on when the APS FF or APS REW function is started. This system searches for the blank intervals between selections. If there is a blank interval

” or “

”, “

”, “

within one program or there is no interval between programs, the system may not stop in the desired or expected location. PROG (program) button Push the PROG (program) button to change the tape side while the tape is being played. The cassette tape will automatically change directions to play the other side when the first side is completed. Dolby NR (noise reduction) button Push the “DOLBY NR” button for Dolby NR encoded tapes to reduce high frequency tape noise. The indicator will come on.

Dolby noise reduction manufactured under li- cense from Dolby Laboratories Licensing Cor- poration. “DOLBY” and the double-D symbol are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories

Licensing Corporation. Metal or chrome tape usage The cassette player will be automatically set to high performance play when playing a metal or chrome cassette tape.

TAPE EJECT button When this button is pushed with the tape loaded, the tape will be ejected.

is being

When the tape is ejected while it played, the system will be turned off. Precautions on cassette player operation I To maintain good quality

sound, NISSAN recommends that you use cas- sette tapes of 60 minutes or shorter in length.

I Cassette tapes should be removed from the player when not in use. Store cas- settes in their protective cases and away from direct sunlight, heat, moisture or magnetic sources. Direct sunlight can cause the cassette to become deformed. The use of deformed cassettes may cause the cassette to jam in the player.

I Do not use cassettes that have peeling or loose labels. If used, the label could jam in the player.

I If a cassette has loose tape,

insert a pencil through one of the cassette hubs and rewind the tape firmly. Loose tape

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may cause jamming and wavering sound quality.

I Over a period of

time,

the playback head, capstan and pinch roller may gather a tape coating residue as the tape passes over the head. This residue ac- cumulation can cause a weak or waver- ing sound and should be removed peri- odically with a head cleaning tape. If the residue is not removed periodi- cally, the player may need to be disas- sembled for cleaning.

COMPACT DISC (CD) PLAYER OPERATION Turn the ignition key to the “ACC” or “ON” position and insert the compact disc into the slot with the label side facing up. The compact disc will be guided automatically into the slot and start playing. After loading the disc, the number of tracks on the disc and the play time will appear on the display. If the radio or tape is already operating, it will automatically turn off and the compact disc will play.

being played, the compact disc will play while fast forwarding or rewinding. When the button is released, the compact disc will return to normal play speed. APS (automatic program search) FF, APS REW button

When the APS FF button is pushed while the compact disc is being played, the program next to the present one will start to play from its beginning. Push several times to skip through programs. The compact disc will advance the number of times the button is pushed. (When the last program on the compact disc is skipped through, the first program will be played.) When the APS REW button is pushed, the program being played returns to its beginning. Push several times to skip back through programs. The compact disc will go back the number of times the button is pushed.

Do not force the compact disc into the slot. This could damage the player.

If the system has been turned off while the compact disc was playing, pushing the POWER/VOLUME control knob will start the compact disc. CD button When this button is pushed with the system off and the compact disc loaded, the system will turn on and the compact disc will start to play. When this button is pushed with the compact disc loaded but the tape or the radio playing, the tape or radio will automatically be turned off and the compact disc will start to play. When this button is pushed while the compact disc is playing, the compact disc will stop playing. When this button is pushed with the compact disc stopped, the compact disc will start to play. FF (fast forward), REW (rewind) button When the FF (fast forward) or REW (rewind) button is pushed while the compact disc is

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PROG (program) button When this button is pushed while the compact disc is being played, the play pattern will change as follows: ALL: All the programs will be played repeat- edly in sequence. 1: Only one program (the one being played when the PROG button is pushed) will be repeated. RANDOM: Programs will be played at ran- dom, not following the sequence on the com- pact disc. The same program may be re- peated twice. (no mark): All the programs will be played in sequence and stop when the last program is finished. I When the compact disc is ejected, the play pattern will automatically change to ALL.

CD EJECT button When the CD EJECT button is pushed with the compact disc loaded, the compact disc will be ejected. When this button is pushed while the compact disc is being played, the compact disc will come out and the system will turn off.

If the compact disc comes out and is not removed, it will be pulled back into the slot to protect it. CD (DISC) indicator light This light comes on when the compact disc is loaded.

I During cold weather or rainy days, the player may malfunction due to the humidity. If this occurs, remove the CD and dehumidify or ventilate the player completely.

I The player may skip while driving on

rough roads.

I The CD player sometimes cannot function when the compartment tem- perature is extremely high. Decrease the temperature before use.

I Do not expose the CD to direct

sunlight.

POWER ANTENNA (If so equipped) The antenna will automatically extend when the radio is turned on, and retract when switched off. If the radio is left on, the antenna will retract and extend with the ignition key “OFF-ON” operation.

I Before turning the radio on, make sure that there is no one near the antenna outlet and there is enough space for it to extend.

I To prevent damage, be sure that an- tenna is fully retracted before the vehicle enters an automated car wash.

I Dirt and other foreign matter on the power antenna rod may interrupt its operation. Clean the rod periodically with a damp cloth. This type of clean- ing is especially important during the winter seasons in areas where road salt and other chemicals may be surfaces spread and splashed onto the antenna rod.

road

on

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MANUAL ANTENNA

CB RADIO OR CAR PHONE

When installing large capacity wireless equip- ment or a car phone in your NISSAN, be sure to observe the following as it may adversely affect the Multiport fuel injection system and other electronic parts depending on its instal- lation location.

I Keep the antenna as far as possible away from the Electric Control Mod- ule.

I Also keep the antenna wire more than 8 inches (20 cm) away from the Elec- tro Injection harness. Do not route the antenna wire next to any harness. I Adjust the antenna standing-wave ra- tio as recommended by the manufac- turer.

I Connect the ground wire from the

radio chassis to the body.

I For details, consult a NISSAN dealer.

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The antenna cannot be shortened but can be removed. Turn its root counterclockwise to remove the antenna.

Be sure to remove the antenna before washing the vehicle in an automatic car washing machine, or the antenna may be damaged.

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MEMO

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4 Starting and driving

Precautions when starting and driving ................... 4-2
On-pavement and off-road driving precautions ...... 4-4
Avoiding collision and rollover ................................. 4-4
Drinking alcohol/drugs and driving .......................... 4-4
Ignition switch ........................................................ 4-5
..................................... 4-7
Before starting the engine Driving with automatic transmission ...................... 4-7
Driving with manual transmission ........................ 4-11
Starting the engine ............................................... 4-13
Parking brake ....................................................... 4-13
Cruise control ....................................................... 4-14
Break-in schedule ................................................ 4-16
Economy hints ..................................................... 4-17

Transfer case shifting procedures

for 4-wheel drive vehicles .................................... 4-17
Parking ................................................................. 4-23
Power steering system ........................................ 4-24
Brake system ....................................................... 4-24
Anti-lock brake system .......................................... 4-25
Cold weather driving ............................................ 4-26
Corrosion protection ............................................. 4-28

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PRECAUTIONS WHEN STARTING AND DRIVING

I Do not

leave children, unreliable adults, or pets alone in your vehicle. They could accidentally injure them- selves or others through inadvertent operation of the vehicle. Also, on hot, sunny days, temperatures in a closed vehicle could quickly become high enough to cause severe or possibly fatal injuries to people or animals.

I Properly secure all cargo to help pre- vent it from sliding or shifting. Do not place cargo higher than the seat- backs. In a sudden stop or collision, unsecured cargo could cause per- sonal injury.

EXHAUST GAS (Carbon Monoxide)

Do not breathe exhaust gases; they con- tain colorless and odorless carbon mon- oxide. Carbon monoxide is a dangerous gas, and can cause unconsciousness or death. I If you suspect that exhaust fumes are entering the vehicle, drive with all windows fully open, and have the vehicle inspected immediately.

I Do not run the engine in closed

spaces such as a garage.

I Do not park the vehicle with the en- gine running for any extended length of time.

I Keep the back door and rear window closed while driving, otherwise ex- haust gases could be drawn into the passenger compartment. If you must drive in this manner for some reason, take the following steps.

1. Open all the windows.

4-2

2. Set

the air

recirculate switch “OFF” and the fan control at “high” to circulate the air.

I If electrical wiring or other cable con- nections must pass to a trailer through the seal on the back door or the body, follow the manufacturer’s recommendation to prevent carbon monoxide entry into the vehicle.

I If a special body or other equipment is added for recreational or other us- age, follow the manufacturer’s rec- ommendation to prevent carbon monoxide entry into the vehicle. (Some recreational vehicle appli- ances such as stoves, refrigerator, heaters, etc. may also generate car- bon monoxide.)

I The exhaust system and body should be inspected by a qualified mechanic whenever:

a. The vehicle is raised for service.

b. You suspect that exhaust fumes are entering into the passenger compartment.

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c. You notice a change in the sound

of the exhaust system.

d. You have had an accident involv- ing damage to the exhaust system, underbody, or rear of the vehicle.

THREE-WAY CATALYST The three-way catalyst is an emission control device, installed in the exhaust system. In the converter, exhaust gases are burned at high temperatures to help reduce pollutants.

I The exhaust gas and the exhaust sys- tem are very hot. Keep people or flammable materials away from the exhaust system.

I Do not stop or park the vehicle over flammable materials, such as dry grass, waste paper or rags. They may ignite and cause a fire.

I Do not use leaded gasoline. Deposits from leaded gasoline will seriously reduce the three-way catalyst’s abil- ity to help reduce exhaust pollutants. I Keep your engine tuned up. Malfunc- tions in the ignition, fuel injection, or electrical systems can cause over- rich fuel flow into the three-way cata- lyst, causing it to overheat. Do not keep driving if the engine misfires, or if noticeable loss of performance or other unusual operating conditions are detected. Have the vehicle in- spected promptly by an authorized NISSAN dealer.

I Avoid driving with an extremely low fuel level. Running out of fuel could cause the engine to misfire, damag- ing the three-way catalyst.

I Do not race the engine while warming

it up.

I Do not push or tow your vehicle to

start the engine.

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ON-PAVEMENT AND OFF-ROAD DRIVING PRECAUTIONS Utility vehicles have higher ground clearance than passenger cars and a narrower track to make them capable of performing in a wide variety of off-road applications. Specific design characteristics give them a higher center of gravity than ordinary cars. An advantage of higher ground clearance is a better view of the road, allowing you to anticipate problems. They are not designed for cornering at the same speeds as conventional 2-wheel drive vehicles any more than low-slung sports cars are designed to perform satisfactorily under off-road conditions. If at all possible, avoid sharp turns or abrupt maneuvers. As with other vehicles of this type, failure to operate this vehicle correctly may result in loss of control or vehicle rollover. Be sure to read the driving safety precautions later in this section.

AVOIDING COLLISION AND ROLLOVER

DRINKING ALCOHOL/DRUGS AND DRIVING

Failure to operate this vehicle in a safe and prudent manner may result in loss of control or an accident.

Be alert and drive defensively at all times. Obey all traffic regulations. Avoid excessive speed, high speed cornering, or sudden steer- ing maneuvers, because these driving prac- tices could cause you to lose control of your vehicle. As with any vehicle, a loss of con- trol could result in a collision with other vehicles or objects, or cause the vehicle to rollover, particularly if the loss of control causes the vehicle to slide sideways. Be attentive at all times, and avoid driving when tired. Never drive when under the influence of alcohol or drugs (including prescription or over-the-counter drugs which may cause drowsiness). Always wear your seat belt as outlined in the “Seat Belts” section of this manual, and also instruct your passengers to do so.

Never drive under the influence of alco- hol or drugs. Alcohol in the blood stream reduces coordination, delays re- action time and impairs judgement. Driv- ing after drinking alcohol increases the likelihood of being involved in an acci- dent injuring yourself and others. Addi- tionally, if you are injured in the accident alcohol can increase the severity of injury.

Nissan is committed to safe driving. But, you must choose not to drive under the influence of alcohol. Every year thousands of people are injured or killed in alcohol related accidents. Although the local laws vary on what is con- sidered to be legally intoxicated, the fact is that alcohol affects all people differently and most people underestimate the effects of alcohol.

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IGNITION SWITCH

Remember, drinking and driving don’t mix! And that’s true for drugs too (over the counter, prescription, and illegal drugs). Don’t drive if your ability to operate your vehicle is impaired by alcohol, drugs, or some other physical condition.

To unlock the steering wheel, insert the key and turn it gently while rotating the steer- ing wheel slightly right and left.

Never remove the key while driving. If the key is removed, the steering wheel will lock. This may cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle and could result in serious vehicle damage or per- sonal injury.

SSD0082

The switch includes an anti-theft steering lock device.

“LOCK” Normal parking position (0)

The ignition key can only be removed when the switch is in this position. On manual transmission models, to turn the ignition key to “LOCK” from “ACC” or “ON”, first turn the key to “OFF” and turn the key to “LOCK” while pushing the key in. In order for the steering wheel to be locked, it must be turned about 1/6 of a turn clockwise from the straight up position. To lock the steering wheel, remove the key.

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To lock the steering wheel, remove the key. To unlock the steering wheel, insert the key and turn it gently while rotating the steer- ing wheel slightly right and left.

Never remove the key while driving. If the key is removed, the steering wheel will lock. This may cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle and could result in serious vehicle damage or per- sonal injury.

1) Move the selector lever into the “P” posi-

tion.

2) Turn the ignition key slightly in the “ON”

direction.

3) Turn the key toward the “LOCK” position. 4) Remove the key. If the key is removed from the ignition switch, the selector lever cannot be moved from “P” (Park). The selector lever can be moved if the ignition switch is in the “ACC” position. The selector lever can also be moved if the ignition switch is in the “ON” position and the foot brake pedal is depressed. There is an “OFF” position in between “LOCK” and “ACC”, although it does not show on the lock cylinder. When the ignition is in “OFF” the steering wheel is not locked. In order for the steering wheel to be locked, it must be turned about 1/6 of a turn clockwise from the straight up position.

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SSD0083

On automatic transmission models, the igni- tion lock is designed so that the key cannot be turned to “LOCK” and removed until the selec- tor lever is moved to the “P” position.

When removing the key from the ignition, make sure the selector lever is in the “P” position.

the selector lever is not returned to “P” the key cannot be moved toward

If (Park), LOCK.

When the key cannot be turned toward the “LOCK” position, proceed as follows to remove the key:

Key positions “OFF” (1) The engine can be turned off without locking the steering wheel. “ACC” (Accessories) (2) This position activates electrical accessories such as the radio when the engine is not running. “ON” Normal operating position (3) This position turns on the ignition system and the electrical accessories. “START” (4) This position activates the starter motor, start- ing the engine.

BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE

I Make sure the area around the vehicle is

clear.

I Check fluid levels such as engine oil, cool- ant, brake and clutch fluid, window washer fluid as frequently as possible, at least whenever you refuel.

I Check to be sure that all windows and light

lenses are clean.

I Visually inspect tires for their appearance and condition. Also check tires for proper inflation.

I Lock all doors. I Position seat and adjust head restraints. I Adjust inside and outside mirrors. I Fasten seat belts and ask all passengers to

do likewise.

I Check the operation of warning lights when

key is turned to the “ON (3)” position.

DRIVING WITH AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION The automatic transmission in your vehicle is electronically controlled by a microcomputer to produce maximum power and smooth opera- tion. Shown on the following pages are the recom- mended operating procedures for this trans- mission. Follow these procedures for maxi- mum vehicle driving enjoyment. If your vehicle is equipped with four-wheel drive, see “ Transfer case shifting procedures” in this section. Starting the vehicle I After starting the engine, fully depress the foot brake pedal and push the selector lever button before shifting the selector lever to the “D”, “R”, “2” or “1” position. Be sure the vehicle is fully stopped before attempting to shift the selector lever.

performance

and

This automatic transmission is designed so that the foot brake pedal MUST be de- pressed before shifting from “P” to any drive position while the ignition switch is “ON”. The selector lever cannot be moved out of “P” and into any of the other gear positions if the ignition key is turned to “LOCK” or if the key is removed from the switch. When the battery charge is low, the selec-

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tor lever can be moved if the ignition switch is in the “ACC” position. 1. Keep the foot brake pedal depressed and push the selector lever button to shift into a driving gear.

2. Release the parking brake and foot brake, then gradually start the vehicle in motion.

I Do not depress the accelerator pedal while shifting from “P” or “N” to “R”, “D”, “2” or “1”. Always depress the brake pedal until shifting is com- pleted. Failure to do so could cause you to lose control and have an acci- dent.

I Cold engine idle speed is high, so use caution when shifting into a forward or reverse gear before the engine has warmed up.

I Never shift to “P” or “R” while the vehicle is moving. This could cause an accident.

I On slippery roads, do not downshift.

This may cause a loss of control.

When stopping the vehicle on an uphill grade, do not hold the vehicle by de- pressing the accelerator pedal. The foot brake should be used for this purpose.

is depressed, but

Shifting from “P” (Park) If the ignition switch is in the “ON” position and the foot brake pedal the selector lever still cannot be moved out of “P” (Park), follow these instructions: 1. Shut the engine off and remove the key. 2. Apply the parking brake. 3. Reinsert the ignition key and turn it clock-

wise to the “ACC” position.

If the selector lever cannot be moved from the “P” position while the engine is running and the brake pedal depressed, the stop lights may not work. Malfunc- tioning stop lights could cause an acci- dent injuring yourself and others.

These instructions for starting the vehicle in “N” (Neutral) should only be used until service can be obtained. Never drive the vehicle if the stop lights are not operating properly.

4. Depress the brake pedal, move the selector lever to “N” (Neutral) and start the engine.

5. Check stop light operation.

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“R” (Reverse): Use this position to back up. Shift into this position only after the vehicle has completely stopped. “N” (Neutral): Neither forward nor reverse gear is engaged. The engine can be started in this position. You may shift to “N” and restart a stalled engine while the vehicle is moving. “D” (Drive): Use this position for all normal forward driving. “2” (Second gear): Use for hill climbing, effective engine braking on downhill grades or starting on slippery roads. Do not downshift into the “2” position at speeds over the following speeds and do not exceed the following speeds in the “2” position:

2-wheel drive:

60 MPH (95 km/h)

4-wheel drive:

50 MPH (80 km/h)

“1” (Low gear): Use this position when climbing steep hills slowly or driving slowly through deep snow, sand or mud, or for maximum engine braking on steep downhill grades. Do not shift into “1”position at speeds over the following speeds: 2-wheel drive:

60 MPH (95 km/h)

4-wheel drive:

50 MPH (80 km/h)

Do not exceed the following speeds in the “1” position:

2-wheel drive:

30 MPH (50 km/h)

4-wheel drive:

30 MPH (50 km/h)

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SD1034

Push the button to shift into “P”, “R” or from “D” to “2”. All other positions can be selected without pushing the button.

“P” (Park):

Use this selector position when the vehicle is parked or when starting the engine. Always be sure the vehicle is at a complete stop. For maximum safety, depress the brake pedal, then push in the select lever button and move the lever to the “P” position. Apply the parking brake. When parking on a hill, apply the park- ing brake first, then shift the lever into the “P” position.

Accelerator downshift — In “D” position — For rapid passing or hill climbing, fully depress the accelerator pedal to the floor. This shifts the transmission down into second gear or first gear, depending on the vehicle speed.

In this case, set

fortable shift shock as the transmission shifts between 3rd and overdrive repeat- edly. the overdrive switch in the “OFF The indicator light will come on at this time.

” position.

When driving conditions change, push the overdrive switch in the “ON

” position.

Remember not to drive at high speeds for extended periods of time with the overdrive switch set in the “OFF ” position. This lowers the fuel economy. Fail-safe When the Fail-safe operation occurs, the next time the key is turned to the “ON” position, the O/D OFF light will blink for approximately 8
seconds after coming on for 2 seconds. While the vehicle can be driven under these circum- stances please note that the gears in the automatic transmission will be locked in third gear. If the vehicle is driven under extreme con- ditions, such as excessive wheel spinning and subsequent hard braking, the Fail-safe system may be activated. This will occur even if all electrical circuits are functioning properly. In this case, turn the ignition key “OFF” and wait for 3 seconds. Then turn

SSD0066

Overdrive switch ON: For normal driving, push the overdrive switch “ON ” with the selector switch in the “D” position. The transmis- sion is upshifted into OVERDRIVE as the vehicle speed increases.

The overdrive will not engage until the engine has warmed up.

OFF: For driving up and down long slopes where engine “braking” would be advan- tageous, push the switch “OFF When cruising at a low speeds or climb- ing a gentle slope, you may feel uncom-

”.

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DRIVING WITH MANUAL TRANSMISSION

the key back to the “ON” position. The vehicle should return to its normal operat- ing condition. If it does not return to its normal operating condition have your NISSAN dealer check the transmission and repair if necessary.

SSD0002

I Do not downshift abruptly on slippery roads. This may cause a loss of con- trol.

I Do not over-rev the engine when shifting to a lower gear. This may cause a loss of control or engine damage.

To change gears, pedal,

then move the gearshift

fully depress the clutch lever. After

it

drive,

is difficult

to move the shift

shifting, release the clutch slowly. You cannot shift directly from 5th gear into Reverse. First shift into the Neutral position, then into Reverse. If lever into Reverse or 1st, shift into Neutral, then release the clutch pedal and shift into Reverse or 1st again. If your vehicle is equipped with four- wheel see Transfer case shifting procedures” in “ this section. Suggested shift-up speeds The table below provides suggested speed ranges for shifting into a higher gear. These suggestions relate to fuel economy and ve- hicle performance. Actual shift ranges should be adjusted for specific road conditions, weather conditions and individual driving hab- its. I 2-wheel drive models and 4-wheel drive

models (2H and 4H position)

1st to 2nd 2nd to 3rd 3rd to 4th 4th to 5th

MPH (km/h)

15 (25) 25 (40) 40 (65) 45 (75)

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*1

*2

Acceleration:

Normal standing start

acceleration such as

Cruise:

Driving without rapid acceleration or deceleration at moderate speed which permits maximum fuel economy

I 4-wheel drive model (4L position)

1st to 2nd 2nd to 3rd 3rd to 4th 4th to 5th

MPH (km/h)

8 (13) 12 (20) 20 (32) 22 (36)

Suggested maximum speed in each gear Downshift to a lower gear if the engine is not running smoothly, or if you need to accelerate.

Do not exceed the maximum suggested speed (shown below) in any gear. For level road driving, use the highest gear suggested for that speed. Always observe posted speed limits, and drive according to the road condi- tions which will ensure safe operation. Do not overrev the engine when shifting to a lower gear as it may cause engine damage or loss of vehicle control.

duration, for example at a stop light, shift to “N” and release the clutch pedal with the foot brake applied.

Allowable maximum speed in each gear

2-wheel drive models 4-wheel drive models 2H position 1st 2nd 3rd 4th & 5th

4-wheel drive models 4H position 1st 2nd 3rd 4th & 5th 4L position 1st 2nd 3rd 4th & 5th

MPH (km/h)

22 (35) 37 (60) 56 (90) 78 (125) MPH (km/h)

22 (35) 37 (60) 50 (80) 50 (80)

9 (15) 19 (30) 28 (45) 31 (50)

I Do not rest your foot on the clutch pedal while driving. This may cause clutch damage.

I Stop your vehicle completely before

shifting into Reverse.

I When the vehicle is stopped for a

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Use the accelerator pedal to help start the engine.

Do not crank the engine for more than 10
seconds at a time. If the engine does not start, turn the key off and wait 10 sec- onds before cranking again, otherwise the starter could be damaged.

4. Warm-up

Always allow the engine to idle for at least 30 seconds after starting. Drive at moder- ate speed for a short distance first, espe- cially in cold weather.

STARTING THE ENGINE

1. Apply the parking brake. 2. Automatic transmission:

Move the selector lever to “P” (Park position or “N” (Neutral position). (“P” preferred) The selector lever cannot be moved out of “P” and into any of the other gear positions if the ignition key is turned to “OFF” or if the key is removed from the switch. The starter is designed not to operate if the selector lever is in one of the driving positions. Manual transmission:

Move the gearshift lever to “N” (Neutral position), and depress the clutch pedal to the floor while starting the engine. The starter is designed not to operate unless the clutch pedal is depressed.

3. Crank the engine with your foot off the accelerator pedal by turning the ignition key to “START”. Release the key when the engine starts. If the engine starts, but fails to run, repeat the above procedure. — If the engine is very hard to start in extremely cold or hot weather —

PARKING BRAKE

PD1185M

To apply: pull the lever up. To release:

1. Firmly apply foot brake. 2. Manual transmission models:

Place the gearshift lever in the “N” (Neutral) position. Automatic transmission models:

Move the selector lever to the “P” (Park) position.

3. While pulling up on the lever slightly, push

the button and lower completely.

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4. Before driving, be sure the brake warning

light goes out.

I Be sure the parking brake is fully released before driving. Failure to do so can cause brake failure and lead to an accident.

I Do not release the parking brake from

outside the vehicle.

I Do not use the gear shift in place of the parking brake. When parking, be sure the parking brake is fully en- gaged.

I Do not leave children unattended in a vehicle. They could release the park- ing brake and cause an accident.

CRUISE CONTROL

The cruise control allows driving at a fixed speed between 30 to 90 MPH (48 to 144 km/h) without keeping your foot on the accelerator pedal. To turn on the cruise control, push the main switch on. The indicator light on the switch will come on. To set at cruising speed, accelerate your vehicle to the desired speed, push the COAST/SET switch and release it. (The “CRUISE” light will come on.) Take your foot off the accelerator pedal. Your vehicle will maintain the set speed.

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SSD0019
I To pass another vehicle, depress the accelerator pedal. When you release the pedal, the vehicle will return to the previ- ously set speed.

I The vehicle may not maintain the set speed when going up or down steep hills. If this happens, drive without the cruise control.

To cancel the preset speed, follow any of these three methods: a) Push the cancel switch; The “CRUISE” light

will go out.

b) Tap the brake pedal; The “CRUISE” light

will go out.

Z 01.2.1/R50-D X

c) Turn the main switch off. Both the “ON”

indicator and “CRUISE” light will go out.

I If you depress the brake pedal while push- ing the “ACCEL” set switch and reset at the cruising speed, turn the main switch off once and then turn it on again.

I The cruise control will automatically be can- celled if the vehicle slows down more than 8 MPH (13 km/h) below the set speed.

I Depress the clutch pedal (manual transmis- sion), or move the selector lever to “N” (automatic transmission). “CRUISE” light will go out.

To reset at a faster cruising speed, follow either of these three methods: a) Depress the accelerator pedal. When the vehicle attains the desired speed, push and release the “COAST/SET” switch.

b) Push and hold the “ACCEL” set switch. When the vehicle attains the speed you desire, release the switch.

c) Push, then quickly release the “ACCEL” set switch. Each time you do this, the set speed will increase by about 1 MPH (1.6 km/h).

To reset at a slower cruising speed, follow either of these three methods:

a) Lightly tap the brake pedal. When the ve- hicle attains the desired speed, push the “COAST/SET” switch and release it.

b) Push and hold the “COAST/SET” switch. Release the switch when the vehicle slows down to the desired speed.

c) Push,

then

quickly

the “COAST/SET” switch. Each time you do this, the set speed will decrease by about 1
MPH (1.6 km/h).

release

steps above in the order indicated. (This is a fail-safe mode. Turn the main switch “OFF” and turn it “ON” again without push- ing the set switch to return to normal opera- tion.)

I If the cruise control system malfunctions, it will cancel automatically. The cruise indica- tor in the meter assembly will then blink to warn the driver.

I When the cruise indicator blinks, turn the cruise control switch (Main switch) “OFF” and have the system checked by your NISSAN dealer.

To resume the preset speed, push and re- lease the “RESUME” set switch. The vehicle will resume the last set cruising speed when the vehicle speed is over 30 MPH (48 km/h). Precautions I The cruise indicator may sometimes blink when the cruise control switch (Main switch) is turned “ON” while pushing the “RESUME/ACCEL” or “COAST/SET” switch or “CANCEL” switch (located on the steering wheel). To properly set the cruise control system perform the

switch

4-15

Do not use the cruise control when driv- ing under the following conditions: I when it is not possible to keep the

vehicle at set speed.

I in heavy traffic or in traffic that varies

in speed.

I on winding or hilly roads. I on slippery roads (rain, snow,

ice,

etc.)

I in very windy areas.

Z 01.2.1/R50-D X

Doing so could cause a loss of vehicle control and result in an accident.

On the manual transmission model, do not shift into neutral position without depressing the clutch pedal when the cruise control is on. This could cause engine damage. If you shift into neutral without depressing the pedal, depress the clutch pedal and turn the main switch off immediately.

BREAK-IN SCHEDULE

During the first 1,000 miles (1,600 km), follow these recommendations for the future reliabil- ity and economy of your new vehicle. Failure to follow these recommendations may result in vehicle damage or shortened engine life. I Do not run the engine over 4,000 rpm.

I Do not tow a trailer for the first 500 miles

(800 km).

Do not drive over the following speed limits:

2-wheel drive models: 4-wheel drive models (2H position):

55 MPH (90 km/h) 4-wheel drive models (4H position):

50 MPH (80 km/h) 4-wheel drive models (4L position):

30 MPH (50 km/h)

I Do not accelerate hard in top gear. I Avoid quick starts and full acceleration. I Avoid hard stops as much as possible.

For the first 300 miles (500 km), it is rec- ommended that you drive in the 2-wheel drive (2H) position.

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ECONOMY HINTS

TRANSFER CASE

SHIFTING PROCEDURES FOR 4-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLES

I Keep your engine tuned up. I Follow the recommended periodic mainte-

nance schedule.

I Keep the tires inflated at the correct pres- sure. Low pressure will increase tire wear and waste fuel.

I Keep the front wheels in correct alignment. Improper alignment will cause increased tire wear and lower fuel economy.

I Air

conditioner operation lowers

fuel economy. Use the air conditioner only when necessary.

SD0001
I Accelerate slowly and smoothly. Maintain cruising speeds with a constant accelerator position.

I Drive at moderate speeds on the highway. fuel

Driving at high speed will economy.

lower

I Avoid unnecessary stopping and braking. Maintain a safe distance behind other ve- hicles.

I Use a proper gear range which suits road conditions. On level roads, shift into high gear as soon as possible.

I Avoid unnecessary engine idling.

I When cruising at highway speeds,

is more economical to use the air conditioner and leave the windows closed to reduce drag.

it

Use “4H” or “4L” position only when neces- sary. 4-wheel drive operation lowers fuel economy.

SD0020

2H — (2WD, high range) Only the rear wheels are driven. Use when driving under the same conditions as standard 2WD vehicle. 4H — (4WD, high range) Four wheels are driven. Use when driving on roads where it is difficult to drive in the 2H position (i.e., driving at normal speeds on snow covered, icy, wet, muddy or sandy roads). The “4H” position provides maximum power and traction. Avoid excessive speed, as it will cause loss of traction. Speed over 50 MPH (80 km/h) in 4H is not recommend.

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4L — (4WD, low range) Four wheels are driven. Use when climbing or descending steep hills, or during hard driving in sand, mud or deep snow. The “4L” position provides maximum power and traction. Avoid raising vehicle speed excessively, as the maximum speed is approximately 30 MPH (50 km/h). N — No wheels are driven. Always keep the transfer lever out of the “N” position. Shift the lever quickly and smoothly when moving across the “N” position with the vehicle stopped.

I Do not drive on dry hard surface

roads in 4-wheel drive.

Driving on dry hard surfaces in “4H” or “4L” may cause unnecessary noise and tire wear. We recommend driving in the “2H” position under these conditions.

I When parking the vehicle, apply the parking brake and shift the transfer control lever in the “2H”, “4H” or “4L” position.

I Do not leave the transfer control lever in the “N” position. Otherwise, the vehicle could roll unexpectedly even if the manual transmission is in any gear or the automatic transmission in the “P” position. If the ATP light is “ON”, this indicates that the auto- matic transmission “park” position will not function and the transfer le- ver is in neutral.

I Failure to engage the transfer control lever in “2H”, “4H” or “4L” could result in the vehicle moving unex- pectedly, resulting in serious per- sonal injury or property damage.

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Manual transmission models:

TO SHIFT

TRANSFER CASE:

From “2H” to “4H”

From “4H” to “2H”

SHIFT PROCEDURE

Move the transfer lever to “4H”. This can be done at any speed up to 50 MPH (80 km/h), and it is not necessary to depress the clutch pedal. Perform this operation when driving straight.

Move the transfer lever to “2H”. This can be done at any speed up to 50 MPH (80 km/h), and it is not necessary to depress the clutch pedal. Perform this operation when driving straight.

From “4H” or “4L” to “4L” or “4H”

1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Depress the clutch pedal. 3. Depress the transfer lever and move it to the desired “4L” or “4H” position.

From “2H” to “4L”

From “4L” to “2H”

1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Depress the clutch pedal. 3. Depress the transfer lever and move it to “4L”. Change gears quickly and smoothly.

1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Depress the clutch pedal. 3. Depress the transfer lever and move it to “2H”.

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Automatic transmission models:

TO SHIFT

TRANSFER CASE:

From “2H” to “4H”

From “4H” to “2H”

SHIFT PROCEDURE

Move the transfer lever to “4H”. This can be done at any speed up to 50 MPH (80 km/h), and it is not necessary to move the selec- tor lever to the “N” position. Perform this operation when driving straight.

Move the transfer lever to “2H”. This can be done at any speed up to 50 MPH (80 km/h), and it is not necessary to move the selec- tor lever to the “N” position. Perform this operation when driving straight.

From “4H” or “4L” to “4L” or “4H”

1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Move the selector lever to the “N” position. 3. Depress the transfer lever and move it to the desired “4L” or “4H” position.

From “2H” to “4L”

From “4L” to “2H”

1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Move the selector lever to the “N” position. 3. Depress the transfer lever and move it to “4L”. Change gears quickly and smoothly.

1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Move the selector lever to the “N” position. 3. Depress the transfer lever and move it to “2H”.

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DRIVING SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Your NISSAN is designed for both normal and off-road use. However, avoid driving in deep water or mud as your NISSAN is mainly de- signed for leisure use, unlike a conventional off-road vehicle. Remember that two-wheel drive models are less capable than four-wheel drive models for rough road driving and extrication when stuck in deep snow or mud, or the like. Please observe the following precautions:

I Drive carefully when off the road and avoid dangerous areas. Always wear your seat belts to help keep you and your passengers in position when driving over rough terrain.

I Do not drive across steep slopes. Instead drive either straight up or straight down the slopes. Off-road vehicles can tip over sideways much more easily than they can forward or backward.

I Many hills are too steep for any ve- hicle. If you drive up them, you may

stall. If you drive down them, you may not be able to control your speed. If you drive across them, you may roll over.

I Stay alert when driving to the top of a hill. At the top there could be a drop- off or other hazard that could cause an accident.

I If your engine stalls or you cannot make it to the top of a steep hill, never attempt to turn around. Your vehicle could tip or roll over. Always back