2009 Jeep Commander Owners Manual

power steering fluid.

Checking the power steering fluid level at a defined service interval is not required. The fluid should only be checked if a leak is suspected, abnormal noises are apparent, and/or the system is not functioning as antici- pated. Coordinate inspection efforts through an autho- rized dealer.

If necessary, add fluid to restore to the proper indicated level. With a clean cloth, wipe any spilled fluid from all surfaces.

PARKING BRAKE To set the parking brake, pull the lever up as firmly as possible. When the parking brake is applied with the ignition ON, the Brake Warning Light in the instrument cluster will light. To release the parking brake, pull up slightly, press the center button, then lower the lever completely.

NOTE: The Brake Warning Light indicates only that the parking brake is applied. It does not indicate the degree of brake application.

the shift lever in PARK, otherwise the load on the transmission locking mechanism may make it difficult to move the shift lever out of PARK.

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WARNING!

• Always fully apply the parking brake when leav- ing your vehicle, or it may roll and cause damage or injury. Also, be certain to leave the transmission in PARK. Failure to do so may allow the vehicle to roll and cause damage or injury. • Leaving unattended children in a vehicle is dan- gerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be injured. Children should be warned not to touch the parking brake or the shift lever. Do not leave the key in the ignition. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle.

(Continued)

Parking Brake

Be sure the parking brake is firmly set when parked and the shift lever is in the PARK position. When parking on a hill, you should apply the parking brake before placing

320 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING! (Continued)

• Be sure the parking brake is fully disengaged before driving, failure to do so can lead to brake problems due to excessive heating of the rear brakes.

When parking on a hill, turn the front wheels toward the curb on a downhill grade, and away from the curb on an uphill grade. The parking brake should always be applied whenever the driver is not in the vehicle.

ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) is designed to aid the driver in maintaining vehicle control under adverse braking conditions. The system operates with a separate

computer to modulate hydraulic pressure, to prevent wheel lock-up and help avoid skidding on slippery surfaces. All vehicle wheels and tires must be the same size and type, and tires must be properly inflated, to produce accurate signals for the computer.

WARNING!

Significant over or under-inflation of tires or mixing sizes of tires or wheels on the vehicle can lead to loss of braking effectiveness.

The ABS conducts a low-speed self-test at about 12 mph (20 km/h). If you have your foot lightly on the brake while this test is occurring, you may feel slight pedal movement. The movement can be more apparent on ice and snow. This is normal.

The ABS pump motor runs during the self-test at 12 mph (20 km/h) and during an ABS stop. The pump motor makes a low humming noise during operation, which is normal.

WARNING!

• Pumping of the Anti-Lock Brakes will diminish their effectiveness and may lead to an accident. Pumping makes the stopping distance longer. Just press firmly on your brake pedal when you need to slow down or stop. • The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) cannot prevent the natural laws of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase braking or steering efficiency beyond that afforded by the condition of the vehicle brakes and tires or the traction afforded.

(Continued)

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WARNING! (Continued) • The ABS cannot prevent accidents,

including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, following another vehicle too closely, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. • The capabilities of an ABS equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner, which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

CAUTION!

The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) is subject to possible detrimental effects of electronic interference caused by improperly installed aftermarket radios or telephones.

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NOTE: During severe braking conditions, a pulsing sensation may occur and a clicking noise will be heard. This is normal, indicating that the ABS is functioning.

WARNING!

To use your brakes and accelerator more safely, follow these tips: • Do not “ride” the brakes by resting your foot on the pedal. This could overheat the brakes and result in longer stopping dis- unpredictable braking action, tances, or brake damage. • When descending mountains or hills, repeated brak- ing can cause brake fade with loss of braking control. Avoid repeated heavy braking by downshifting the transmission or locking out overdrive whenever pos- sible.

• Engines may idle at higher speeds during warm-up, which could cause rear wheels to spin and result in loss of vehicle control. Be especially careful while driving on slippery roads, in close-quarter maneuver- ing, parking, or stopping. • Do not drive too fast for road conditions, especially when roads are wet or slushy. A wedge of water can build up between the tire tread and the road. This hydroplaning action can cause loss of traction, braking ability, and control. • After going through deep water or a car wash, brakes may become wet, resulting in decreased performance and unpredictable braking action. Dry the brakes by gentle, intermittent pedal action while driving at very slow speeds.

MULTI-DISPLACEMENT SYSTEM (MDS) — 5.7L ENGINE ONLY This feature offers improved fuel economy by shutting off four of the engine’s eight cylinders during light load and cruise conditions. The system is automatic with no driver inputs or additional driving skills required. NOTE: The MDS system may take some time to return to full functionality after a battery disconnect.

ELECTRONIC BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Your vehicle is equipped with an advanced electronic brake control system that includes ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System), TCS (Traction Control System), BAS (Brake Assist System), ERM (Electronic Roll Mitigation), and ESP (Electronic Stability Program). All five of these systems work together to enhance vehicle stability and control in various driving conditions.

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Also, your vehicle is equipped with TSC (Trailer Sway Control) and, if it has 4WD with the NV245 two-speed transfer case, HSA (Hill Start Assist) and HDC (Hill Descent Control). ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System)

This system aids the driver in maintaining vehicle control under adverse braking conditions. The system controls hydraulic brake pressure to prevent wheel lock-up and help avoid skidding on slippery surfaces during braking. Refer to “Anti-Lock Brake System” in Section 5 of this manual.

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WARNING!

ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System) cannot prevent the natural laws of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the traction afforded by prevailing road conditions. ABS cannot prevent accidents, in- cluding those resulting from excessive speed in turns, driving on very slippery surfaces, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. The capabilities of an ABS- equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reck- less or dangerous manner which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

TCS (Traction Control System)

This system monitors the amount of wheel spin of each of the driven wheels. If wheel spin is detected, brake pressure is applied to the slipping wheel(s) and engine power is reduced to provide enhanced acceleration and

stability. A feature of the TCS system functions similar to a limited-slip differential and controls the wheel spin across a driven axle. If one wheel on a driven axle is spinning faster than the other, the system will apply the brake of the spinning wheel. This will allow more engine torque to be applied to the wheel that is not spinning. This feature remains active even if TCS and ESP are in either the “Partial Off” or “Full Off” modes. Refer to “ESP (Electronic Stability Program)” in this section for more information. BAS (Brake Assist System) The BAS is designed to optimize the vehicle’s braking capability during emergency braking maneuvers. The system detects an emergency braking situation by sens- ing the rate and amount of brake application and then applies optimum pressure to the brakes. This can help reduce braking distances. The BAS complements the anti-lock brake system (ABS). Applying the brakes very quickly results in the best BAS assistance. To receive the

benefit of the system, you must apply continuous brak- ing pressure during the stopping sequence (do not “pump” the brakes). Do not reduce brake pedal pressure unless braking is no longer desired. Once the brake pedal is released, the BAS is deactivated.

WARNING!

BAS (Brake Assist System) cannot prevent the natu- ral laws of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the traction afforded by prevailing road conditions. BAS cannot prevent accidents, including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, driving on very slippery surfaces, or hydroplaning. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent acci- dents. The capabilities of a BAS-equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

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ERM (Electronic Roll Mitigation) This system anticipates the potential for wheel lift by monitoring the driver’s steering wheel input and the speed of the vehicle. When ERM determines that the rate of change of the steering wheel angle and vehicle speed are sufficient to potentially cause wheel it then applies the brake of the appropriate wheel and may also reduce engine power to lessen the chance that wheel lift will occur. ERM will only intervene during very severe or evasive driving maneuvers. ERM can only reduce the chance of wheel lift occurring during severe or evasive driving maneuvers. It cannot prevent wheel lift due to other factors such as road conditions, leaving the roadway or striking objects or other vehicles.

lift,

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NOTE: Anytime the ESP system is in the “Full Off” mode, ERM is disabled. Refer to ESP (Electronic Stability Program) for a complete explanation of the available ESP modes.

WARNING!

Many factors, such as vehicle loading, road condi- tions and driving conditions, influence the chance that wheel lift or rollover may occur. ERM cannot prevent all wheel lift or rollovers, especially those that involve leaving the roadway or striking objects or other vehicles. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. The capabilities of an ERM-equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner which could jeopar- dize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

ESP (Electronic Stability Program)

This system enhances directional control and stability of the vehicle under various driving conditions. ESP cor- rects for oversteering or understeering of the vehicle by applying the brake of the appropriate wheel to assist in counteracting the oversteer or understeer condition. En- gine power may also be reduced to help the vehicle maintain the desired path. ESP uses sensors in the vehicle to determine the vehicle path intended by the driver and compares it to the actual path of the vehicle. When the actual path does not match the intended path, ESP applies the brake of the appropri- ate wheel to assist in counteracting the oversteer or understeer condition. • Oversteer - when the vehicle is turning more than

appropriate for the steering wheel position.

• Understeer - when the vehicle is turning less than

appropriate for the steering wheel position.

The ESP/TCS Indicator Light located in the instrument cluster, starts to flash as soon as the tires lose traction and the ESP system becomes active. The ESP/TCS Indicator Light also flashes when TCS is active. If the ESP/TCS Indicator Light begins to flash during acceleration, ease up on the accelerator and apply as little throttle as possible. Be sure to adapt your speed and driving to the prevailing road conditions.

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WARNING!

ESP (Electronic Stability Program) cannot prevent the natural laws of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the traction afforded by prevailing road conditions. ESP cannot prevent accidents, in- cluding those resulting from excessive speed in turns, driving on very slippery surfaces, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. The capabilities of an ESP- equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reck- less or dangerous manner which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

The ESP system has three available operating modes in 4WD HIGH range, two available operating modes on 2WD vehicles, and one operating mode in 4WD LOW range.

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High Range (4WD Models) or 2WD Models

On This is the normal operating mode for ESP in 4WD HIGH range and in 2WD vehicles. Whenever the vehicle is started or the transfer case (if equipped) is shifted from 4WD LOW range or NEUTRAL back to 4WD HIGH range, the ESP system will be in this “On” mode. This mode should be used for most driving situations. ESP should only be turned to “Partial Off” or “Full Off” mode for specific reasons as noted below. Partial Off This mode is entered by momentarily depressing the ESP OFF switch. When in ⬙Partial Off⬙ mode, the TCS portion of ESP, except for the “limited slip” feature described in the TCS section, has been disabled and the ESP/TCS Indicator Light will be illuminated. All other stability features of ESP function normally. This mode is intended to be used if the vehicle is in deep snow, sand, or gravel

conditions and more wheel spin than ESP would nor- mally allow is required to gain traction. To turn ESP on again, momentarily depress the ESP OFF switch. This will restore the normal “ESP On” mode of operation.

ESP OFF Switch

NOTE: To improve the vehicle’s traction when driving with snow chains, or starting off in deep snow, sand, or

gravel, it may be desirable to switch to the “Partial Off” mode by pressing the ESP OFF switch. Once the situation requiring ESP to be switched to the “Partial Off” mode is overcome, turn ESP back on by momentarily depressing the ESP OFF switch. This may be done while the vehicle is in motion. Full Off (4WD Models Only) This mode is intended for off-highway or off-road use when ESP stability features could inhibit vehicle maneu- verability due to trail conditions. This mode is entered by depressing and holding the ESP OFF switch for five seconds when the vehicle is stopped and the engine is running. After five seconds, the ESP/TCS Indicator Light will illuminate, and the “ESP OFF” message will appear in the Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC). Refer to “Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC)” in Section 4 of this manual for more information.

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In this mode, ESP and TCS, except for the “limited slip” feature described in the TCS section, are turned off until the vehicle reaches a speed of 40 mph (64 km/h). At 40 mph (64 km/h), the system returns to “Partial Off” mode, described above. When the vehicle speed drops below 35 mph (56 km/h), the ESP system shuts off. ESP is deactivated at low vehicle speeds so that it will not interfere with off-road driving, but ESP function returns to provide the stability feature at speeds above 40 mph (64 km/h). The ESP/TCS Indicator Light will always be illuminated when ESP is off. To turn ESP on again, momentarily depress the ESP OFF switch. This will restore the normal “ESP On” mode of operation. NOTE: The “ESP OFF” message will display, and the audible chime will sound, when the shift lever is placed in the PARK position from any other position, and then moved out of the PARK position. This will occur even if the message was previously cleared.

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WARNING!

With the ESP switched off, the enhanced vehicle stability offered by ESP and ERM are unavailable. In an emergency evasive maneuver, the ESP and ERM systems will not engage to assist in maintaining stability. The “Full Off” ESP mode is intended for off-road use only.

4WD Low Range

Full Off This is the normal operating mode for ESP in 4WD LOW range. Whenever the vehicle is started in 4WD LOW range, or the transfer case (if equipped) is shifted from 4WD HIGH range or NEUTRAL to 4WD LOW range, the ESP system will be in this “Full Off” mode. In 4WD LOW range, ESP and TCS, except for the “limited slip” feature described in the TCS section, are turned off until the vehicle reaches a speed of 40 mph (64 km/h). At 40 mph

(64 km/h), the normal ESP stability function returns but TCS remains off. When the vehicle speed drops below 35 mph (56 km/h), the ESP system shuts off. ESP is deactivated at low vehicle speeds in 4WD LOW range so that it will not interfere with off-road driving but ESP function returns to provide the stability feature at speeds above 40 mph (64 km/h). The ESP/TCS Indicator Light will always be illuminated in 4WD LOW range when ESP is off. NOTE: The “ESP OFF” message will display, and the audible chime will sound, when the shift lever is placed in the PARK position from any other position, and then moved out of the PARK position. This will occur even if the message was previously cleared

WARNING!

With the ESP switched off, the enhanced vehicle stability offered by ESP and ERM are unavailable. In an emergency evasive maneuver, the ESP and ERM systems will not engage to assist in maintaining stability. The “Full Off” mode is intended for off- road use only.

TSC (Trailer Sway Control) TSC uses sensors in the vehicle to recognize an exces- sively swaying trailer and will take the appropriate actions to attempt to stop the sway. The system may reduce engine power and apply the brake of the appro- priate wheel(s) to counteract the sway of the trailer. TSC will become active automatically once an excessively swaying trailer is recognized. No driver action is re- quired. Note that TSC cannot stop all trailers from

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swaying. Always use caution when towing a trailer and follow the trailer tongue weight recommendations. Refer to “Trailer Towing” in Section 5 of this manual. When TSC is functioning, the ESP/TCS Indicator Light will flash, the engine power may be reduced and you may feel the brakes being applied to individual wheels to attempt to stop the trailer from swaying. TSC is disabled when the ESP system is in the “Partial Off” or “Full Off” modes.

WARNING!

If TSC activates while driving, slow the vehicle down, stop at the nearest safe location, and adjust the trailer load to eliminate trailer sway.

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HSA (Hill Start Assist) (4WD Models With NV245
Two–Speed Transfer Case Only) The HSA system is designed to assist the driver when starting a vehicle from a stop on a hill. HSA will maintain the level of brake pressure the driver applied for a short period of time after the driver takes their foot off of the brake pedal. If the driver does not apply the throttle during this short period of time, the system will release brake pressure and the vehicle will roll down the hill. The system will release brake pressure in proportion to amount of throttle applied as the vehicle starts to move in the intended direction of travel. HSA Activation Criteria The following criteria must be met in order for HSA to activate: • Vehicle must be stopped. • Vehicle must be on a 8% grade or greater hill.

• Gear selection matches vehicle uphill direction (i.e., vehicle facing uphill is in forward gear; vehicle back- ing uphill is in REVERSE gear).

HSA will work in REVERSE and all forward gears when the activation criteria have been met. The system will not activate if the vehicle is placed in NEUTRAL or PARK.

WARNING!

There may be situations on minor hills (i.e., less than 8%), with a loaded vehicle, or while pulling a trailer, when the system will not activate and slight rolling may occur. This could cause a collision with another vehicle or object. Always remember the driver is responsible for braking the vehicle.

Towing with HSA HSA will provide assistance when starting on a grade when pulling a trailer.

WARNING!

• If you use a trailer brake controller with your trailer, your trailer brakes may be activated and deactivated with the brake switch. If so, when the brake pedal is released there may not be enough brake pressure to hold the vehicle and trailer on a hill and this could cause a collision with another vehicle or object behind you. In order to avoid rolling down the hill while resuming acceleration, manually activate the trailer brake prior to releas- ing the brake pedal. Always remember the driver is responsible for braking the vehicle.

(Continued)

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WARNING! (Continued)

• HSA is not a parking brake. If you stop the vehicle on a hill without putting the transmission in PARK and using the parking brake, it will roll down the hill and could cause a collision with another vehicle or object. Always remember to use the parking brake while parking on a hill, and that the driver is responsible for braking the vehicle.

HSA Off If you wish to turn off the HSA system, it can be done using the Customer Programmable Features in the Elec- tronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC). Refer to “Elec- tronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC)” in Section 4 of this manual.

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HDC (Hill Descent Control) (4WD Models With NV245 Two–Speed Transfer Case Only) HDC maintains vehicle speed while descending hills during off-road driving situations and is available in 4WD LOW range only. To enable HDC (transfer case must be in 4WD LOW range), press the HDC switch. If the HDC switch is pressed when the vehicle is not in 4WD LOW range, the light in the switch will flash for five seconds and HDC will not be enabled.

Hill Descent Switch

When HDC is properly enabled, the message “HILL DESCENT CONTROL” will appear in the EVIC and the light in the switch will be illuminated. HDC will auto- matically apply the brakes to control downhill speed when necessary. HDC has the capability to sense terrain

and will only activate when the vehicle is descending a hill. It will usually not activate on level ground. The HDC speed may be adjusted by the driver to suit the driving conditions. The speed corresponds to the trans- mission gear selected. • 1st = 1 mph (1.6 km/h) • 2nd = 2.5 mph (4 km/h) • 3rd = 4 mph (6 km/h) • 4th = 5.5 mph (9 km/h) • 5th = 7.5 mph (12 km/h) • REVERSE = 1 mph (1.6 km/h) • NEUTRAL = 2.5 mph (4 km/h) • PARK = HDC will not function

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HDC also has the capability to sense rough terrain, and will automatically adjust to a slightly slower set speed (about 0.3 mph (0.5 km/h) than normal. HDC operation can be overridden with brake application to slow the vehicle down below the HDC control speed. Conversely, if more speed is desired during HDC control, the accelerator pedal will increase vehicle speed in the usual manner. When either the brake or the accelerator is released, HDC will control the vehicle back to the origi- nal set speed. HDC is intended for low speed off-road driving only. At vehicle speeds above 30 mph (48 km/h), HDC will no longer function. When the vehicle speed drops below 30 mph (48 km/h), HDC function will automatically resume and the vehicle speed will return to the chosen set speed.

336 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING!

HDC is only intended to assist the driver in control- ling vehicle speed when descending hills. The driver must remain attentive to the driving conditions and is responsible for maintaining a safe vehicle speed.

ESP/BAS Warning Light And ESP/TCS Indicator Light

The malfunction indicator lamp for the ESP is combined with the BAS indicator. The ESP/ BAS Warning Light and the ESP/TCS Indicator Light in the instrument cluster both come on when the ignition switch is turned to the ON position. They should both go out with the engine running.

If the ESP/BAS Warning Light comes on con- tinuously with the engine running, a malfunc- tion has been detected in either the ESP or the BAS system, or both. If this light remains on

after several ignition cycles, and the vehicle has been driven several miles at speeds greater than 30 mph (48 km/h), see your authorized dealer as soon as possible to have the problem diagnosed and corrected. NOTE: • ⬙The ESP/TCS Indicator Light and the ESP/BAS Warning Light come on momentarily each time the ignition switch is turned ON. • Each time the ignition is turned ON, the ESP System • The ESP Control System will make buzzing or clicking sounds when it is active. This is normal; the sounds will stop when ESP becomes inactive following the maneuver that caused the ESP activation.

will be ON even if it was previously turned off.

TIRE SAFETY INFORMATION

Tire Markings

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NOTE: • P (Passenger) - Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. P-Metric tires have the letter “P” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designa- tion. Example: P215/65R15 95H. • European-Metric tire sizing is based on European design standards. Tires designed to this standard have the tire size molded into the sidewall beginning with the section width. The letter ⬙P⬙ is absent from this tire size designation. Example: 215/65R15 96H.

1 — U.S. DOT Safety Stan- dards Code (TIN) 2 — Size Designation 3 — Service Description

4 — Maximum Load

5 — Maximum Pressure 6 — Treadwear, Traction and Temperature Grades

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• LT (Light Truck) - Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. The size designation for LT-Metric tires is the same as for P-Metric tires except for the letters “LT” that are molded into the sidewall preced- ing the size designation. Example: LT235/85R16. • Temporary spare tires are high-pressure compact spares designed for temporary emergency use only. Tires designed to this standard have the letter “T” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designa- tion. Example: T145/80D18 103M.

• High flotation tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards and it begins with the tire diameter molded into the sidewall. Example: 31x10.5 R15 LT.

Tire Sizing Chart

Size Designation:

EXAMPLE:

P = Passenger car tire size based on U.S. design standards ⴖ....blank....ⴖ = Passenger car tire based on European design standards LT = Light truck tire based on U.S. design standards T = Temporary spare tire 31 = Overall diameter in inches (in) 215 = Section width in millimeters (mm) 65 = Aspect ratio in percent (%)

— Ratio of section height to section width of tire

10.5 = Section width in inches (in) R = Construction code

— ⬙R⬙ means radial construction —⬙D⬙ means diagonal or bias construction

15 = Rim diameter in inches (in)

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340 STARTING AND OPERATING

Service Description:

95 = Load Index

EXAMPLE:

— A numerical code associated with the maximum load a tire can carry

H = Speed Symbol

— A symbol indicating the range of speeds at which a tire can carry a load corresponding to its load index under certain operating conditions — The maximum speed corresponding to the speed symbol should only be achieved under specified operating conditions (i.e., tire pressure, vehicle loading, road conditions, and posted speed limits)

Load Identification:

ⴖ....blank....ⴖ = Absence of any text on the sidewall of the tire indicates a Standard Load (SL) tire Extra Load (XL) = Extra load (or reinforced) tire Light Load = Light load tire C, D, E = Load range associated with the maximum load a tire can carry at a specified pressure

Maximum Load — Maximum load indicates the maximum load this tire is designed to carry Maximum Pressure — Maximum pressure indicates the maximum permissible cold tire inflation pressure for this tire

Tire Identification Number (TIN) The TIN may be found on one or both sides of the tire, however, the date code may only be on one side. Tires with white sidewalls will have the full TIN, including the date code, located on the white sidewall side of the tire.

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Look for the TIN on the outboard side of black sidewall tires as mounted on the vehicle. If the TIN is not found on the outboard side, then you will find it on the inboard side of the tire.

DOT = Department of Transportation

— This symbol certifies that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation tire safety standards and is approved for highway use

EXAMPLE:

DOT MA L9 ABCD 0301

MA = Code representing the tire manufacturing location (two digits) L9 = Code representing the tire size (two digits) ABCD = Code used by the tire manufacturer (one to four digits) 03 = Number representing the week in which the tire was manufactured (two digits)

—03 means the 3rd week.

01 = Number representing the year in which the tire was manufactured (two digits)

—01 means the year 2001
— Prior to July 2000, tire manufacturers were only required to have one number to represent the year in which the tire was manufactured. Example: 031 could represent the 3rd week of 1981 or 1991

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Tire Loading and Tire Pressure

Tire Placard Location NOTE: The proper cold tire inflation pressure is listed on the driver’s side B-Pillar. Tire and Loading Information Placard

Tire and Loading Information Placard

This placard tells you important information about the: 1) number of people that can be carried in the vehicle 2) total weight your vehicle can carry 3) tire size designed for your vehicle 4) cold tire inflation pressures for the front, rear, and spare tires. Loading The vehicle maximum load on the tire must not exceed the load carrying capacity of the tire on your vehicle. You will not exceed the tire’s load carrying capacity if you adhere to the loading conditions, tire size, and cold tire inflation pressures specified on the Tire and Loading Information placard and in the “Vehicle Loading” section of this manual. NOTE: Under a maximum loaded vehicle condition, gross axle weight ratings (GAWRs) for the front and rear axles must not be exceeded. For further information on GAWRs, vehicle loading, and trailer towing, refer to “Vehicle Loading” in this section.

To determine the maximum loading conditions of your vehicle, locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX lbs or XXX kg” on the Tire and Loading Information placard. The combined weight of occupants, cargo/luggage and trailer tongue weight (if applicable) should never exceed the weight referenced here. Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement “The combined weight of occu- pants and cargo should never exceed XXX lbs or XXX kg” on your vehicle’s placard. 2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.

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3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and pas- sengers from XXX lbs or XXX kg. 4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if “XXX” amount equals 1,400 lbs (635 kg) and there will be five 150 lb (68 kg) passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs (295 kg) (since 5 x 150 = 750, and 1400 – 750 = 650 lbs [295 kg]). 5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in step 4.

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6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle. NOTE: • The following table shows examples on how to calcu- late total load, cargo/luggage, and towing capacities

of your vehicle with varying seating configurations and number and size of occupants. This table is for illustration purposes only and may not be accurate for the seating and load carry capacity of your vehicle. • For the following example, the combined weight of occu-

pants and cargo should never exceed 865 lbs (392 kg).

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WARNING!

Overloading of your tires is dangerous. Overloading can cause tire failure, affect vehicle handling, and increase your stopping distance. Use tires of the recommended load capacity for your vehicle. Never overload them.

TIRES — GENERAL INFORMATION

Tire Pressure Proper tire inflation pressure is essential to the safe and satisfactory operation of your vehicle. Three primary areas are affected by improper tire pressure: Safety

WARNING!

• Improperly inflated tires are dangerous and can cause accidents.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• Underinflation increases tire flexing and can result in tire failure. • Overinflation reduces a tire’s ability to cushion shock. Objects on the road and chuckholes can cause damage that result in tire failure. • Unequal tire pressures can cause steering prob- lems. You could lose control of your vehicle. • Overinflated or underinflated tires can affect ve- hicle handling and can fail suddenly, resulting in loss of vehicle control. • Unequal tire pressures from one side of the vehicle to the other can cause the vehicle to drift to the right or left. • Always drive with each tire inflated to the recom- mended cold tire inflation pressure.

Economy Improper inflation pressures can cause uneven wear patterns to develop across the tire tread. These abnormal wear patterns will reduce tread life resulting in a need for earlier tire replacement. Underinflation also increases tire rolling resistance and results in higher fuel consumption. Ride Comfort and Vehicle Stability Proper tire inflation contributes to a comfortable ride. Overinflation produces a jarring and uncomfortable ride. Both underinflation and overinflation affect the stability of the vehicle and can produce a feeling of sluggish response or over responsiveness in the steering. Unequal tire pressures can cause erratic and unpredict- able steering response. Unequal tire pressure from side to side may cause the vehicle to drift left or right.

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Tire Inflation Pressures The proper cold tire inflation pressure is listed on the driver’s side “B” Pillar. The pressure should be checked and adjusted, as well as inspected for signs of tire wear or visible damage, at least once a month. Use a good quality pocket-type gauge to check tire pressure. Do not make a visual judgement when determining proper inflation. Radial tires may look properly inflated even when they are underinflated.

CAUTION!

After inspecting or adjusting the tire pressure, al- ways reinstall the valve stem cap (if equipped). This will prevent moisture and dirt from entering the valve stem, which could damage it.

348 STARTING AND OPERATING

Inflation pressures specified on the placard are always cold tire inflation pressure. Cold tire inflation pressure is defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours, or driven less than 1 mile (1.6 km) after a three-hour period. The cold tire inflation pressure must not exceed the maximum inflation pres- sure molded into the tire sidewall. Check tire pressures more often if subject to a wide range of outdoor temperatures, as tire pressures vary with temperature changes. Tire pressures change by approximately 1 psi (7 kPa) per 12°F (7°C) of air temperature change. Keep this in mind when checking tire pressure inside a garage, especially in the winter. Example: If garage temperature = 68°F (20°C) and the outside temperature = 32°F (0°C) then the cold tire

inflation pressure should be increased by 3 psi (21 kPa), which equals 1 psi (7 kPa) for every 12°F (7°C) for this outside temperature condition. Tire pressure may increase from 2 to 6 psi (13 to 40 kPa) during operation. DO NOT reduce this normal pressure build-up, or your tire pressure will be too low. Tire Pressures For High Speed Operation The manufacturer advocates driving at safe speeds within posted speed limits. Where speed limits or condi- tions are such that the vehicle can be driven at high speeds, maintaining correct tire inflation pressure is very important. Increased tire pressure and reduced vehicle loading may be required for high-speed vehicle opera- tion. Refer to original equipment or an authorized tire dealer for recommended safe operating speeds, loading and cold tire inflation pressures.

STARTING AND OPERATING 349

Cuts and punctures in radial tires are repairable only in the tread area because of sidewall flexing. Consult your authorized dealer for radial tire repairs. Compact Spare Tire — If Equipped The compact spare is for temporary emergency use with radial tires. It is engineered to be used on your style vehicle only. Since this tire has limited tread life, the original tire should be repaired (or replaced) and rein- stalled at the first opportunity.

WARNING!

High speed driving with your vehicle at or above maximum load is dangerous. The added strain on your tires could cause them to fail. You could have a serious accident. Do not drive a vehicle loaded to the maximum capacity at continuous speeds above 75 mph (120 km/h).

Radial-Ply Tires

WARNING!

Combining radial ply tires with other types of tires on your vehicle will cause your vehicle to handle poorly. The instability could cause an accident. Al- ways use radial tires in sets of four. Never combine them with other types of tires.

350 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING!

CAUTION!

Temporary use spare tires are for emergency use only. With these tires, do not drive more than 50 mph (80 km/h). Temporary use spare tires have limited tread life. When the tread is worn to the tread wear indicators, the temporary use spare tire needs to be replaced. Be sure to follow the warnings, which apply to your spare. Failure to do so could result in spare tire failure and loss of vehicle control.

Do not install a wheel cover or attempt to mount a conventional tire on the compact spare wheel, since the wheel is designed specifically for the compact spare. Do not install more than one compact spare tire/wheel on the vehicle at any given time.

Because of the reduced ground clearance, do not take your vehicle through an automatic car wash with the compact spare installed. Damage to the vehicle may result.

Limited-Use Spare — If Equipped The limited-use spare tire is for temporary emergency use on your vehicle. This tire is identified by a limited- use spare tire warning label located on the limited-use spare tire and wheel assembly. This tire may look like the original equipped tire on the front or rear axle of your vehicle, but it is not. Installation of this limited-use spare tire affects vehicle handling. Since it is not the same tire, replace (or repair) the original tire and reinstall on the vehicle at the first opportunity.

WARNING!

The limited-use spare tires are for emergency use only. Installation of this limited-use spare tire affects vehicle handling. With this tire, do not drive more than 50 mph (80 km/h). Keep inflated to the cold tire inflation pressure listed on either your tire placard or limited-use spare tire and wheel assembly. Replace (or repair) the original tire at the first opportunity and reinstall it on your vehicle. Failure to do so could result in loss of vehicle control.

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Tire Spinning When stuck in mud, sand, snow, or ice conditions, do not spin your vehicle’s wheels above 35 mph (55 km/h).

WARNING!

Fast spinning tires can be dangerous. Forces gener- ated by excessive wheel speeds may cause tire dam- age or failure. A tire could explode and injure some- one. Do not spin your vehicle’s wheels faster than 35 mph (55 km/h) when you are stuck, and do not let anyone near a spinning wheel no matter what the speed.

352 STARTING AND OPERATING

Tread Wear Indicators Tread wear indicators are in the original equipment tires to help you in determining when your tires should be replaced.

1 — Worn Tire 2 — New Tire

These indicators are molded into the bottom of the tread grooves. They will appear as bands when the tread depth becomes 1/16 in (2 mm). When the indicators appear in two or more adjacent grooves, the tire should be re- placed. Many states have laws requiring tire replacement at this point. Life Of Tire The service life of a tire is dependent upon various factors including but not limited to: • Driving style • Tire pressure • Distance driven

WARNING!

Tires and the spare tire should be replaced after six years, regardless of the remaining tread. Failure to follow this warning can result in sudden tire failure. You could lose control and have an accident resulting in serious injury or death.

Keep dismounted tires in a cool, dry place with as little exposure to light as possible. Protect tires from contact with oil, grease, and gasoline.

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Replacement Tires The tires on your new vehicle provide a balance of many characteristics. They should be inspected regularly for wear and correct cold tire inflation pressure. The manu- facturer strongly recommends that you use tires equiva- lent to the originals in size, quality and performance when replacement is needed. (Refer to the paragraph on “Tread Wear Indicators”). Refer to the “Tire and Loading Information” placard for the size designation of your tires. The service description and load identification will be found on the original equipment tire. Failure to use equivalent replacement tires may adversely affect the safety, handling, and ride of your vehicle. We recommend that you contact your original equipment or an autho- rized tire dealer with any questions you may have on tire specifications or capability.

354 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING!

• Do not use a tire, wheel size or rating other than that specified for your vehicle. Some combinations of unapproved tires and wheels may change sus- pension dimensions and performance characteris- tics, resulting in changes to steering, handling, and braking of your vehicle. This can cause unpredict- able handling and stress to steering and suspen- sion components. You could lose control and have an accident resulting in serious injury or death. Use only the tire and wheel sizes with load ratings approved for your vehicle. • Never use a tire with a smaller load index or capacity than what was originally equipped on your vehicle. Using a tire with a smaller load index could result in tire overloading and failure. You could lose control and have an accident.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• Failure to equip your vehicle with tires having adequate speed capability can result in sudden tire failure and loss of vehicle control.

CAUTION!

Replacing original tires with tires of a different size may result in false speedometer and odometer read- ings.

TIRE CHAINS Only models fitted with 235/65R17XL (extra load) tires have sufficient tire-to-body clearance to allow use of tire chains. Install chains on rear tires only. Follow these recommendations to guard against damage and exces- sive tire and chain wear:

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TIRE ROTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Tires on the front and rear axles of vehicles operate at different loads and perform different steering, handling, and braking functions. For these reasons, they wear at unequal rates and develop irregular wear patterns. The suggested rotation method is the “forward-cross” shown in the following diagram.

• Do not install tire chains or traction devices on ve- hicles with larger than 235/65R17XL size tires. Tires larger than this may not provide sufficient body clearance with chains or other traction devices. • Manufacturer recommends a cold inflation pressure of 38 psi (262 kPa) when using 235/65R17XL size tires for this vehicle. • Use SAE class “S” tire chains or traction devices only. • Follow tire chain manufacturer’s instructions for • Install chains snugly and tighten after 1/2 mi (1 km) of • Do not exceed 30 mph (48 km/h), unless otherwise • Drive cautiously, avoiding large bumps, potholes and

specified by the chain manufacturer.

mounting chains.

driving.

extreme driving maneuvers.

356 STARTING AND OPERATING

These effects can be reduced by timely rotation of tires. The benefits of rotation are especially worthwhile with aggressive tread designs such as those on On/Off-Road type tires. Rotation will increase tread life, help to main- tain mud, snow, and wet traction levels, and contribute to a smooth, quiet ride. Follow the recommended tire rotation frequency for your type of driving. Refer to “Maintenance Schedules” in Section 8 of this manual. More frequent rotation is permissible if desired. The reasons for any rapid or unusual wear should be corrected prior to rotation being performed. NOTE: The premium Tire Pressure Monitor System will automatically locate the pressure values displayed in the correct vehicle position following a tire rotation.

TIRE PRESSURE MONITOR SYSTEM (TPMS) The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) will warn the driver of a low tire pressure based on the vehicle recommended cold tire pressure. The tire pressure will vary with temperature by about 1 psi (7 kPa) for every 12°F (–11°C). This means that when the outside temperature decreases, the tire pressure will decrease. Tire pressure should always be set based on cold inflation tire pressure. This is defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours, or driven less than 1 mile (1 km) after a three-hour period. Refer to the “Tires – General Infor- mation” in this section for information on how to properly inflate the vehicle’s tires. The tire pressure will also increase as the vehicle is driven - this is normal and there should be no adjustment for this increased pres- sure.

The TPMS will warn the driver of a low tire pressure if the tire pressure falls below the low pressure warning threshold for any reason, including low temperature effects, or natural pressure loss through the tire. The TPMS will continue to warn the driver of low tire pressure as long as the condition exists, and will not turn off until the tire pressure is at or above recommended cold tire pressure. Once the low tire pressure warning has been illuminated, the tire pressure must be increased to the recommended cold tire pressure in order for the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light to be turned off. The system will automatically update and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will extinguish once the up- dated tire pressures have been received. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (24 km/h) to receive this information.

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For example, your vehicle has a recommended cold (parked for more than three hours) tire pressure of 33 psi (227 kPa). If the ambient temperature is 68°F (20°C) and the measured tire pressure is 28 psi (193 kPa), a tempera- ture drop to 20°F (-7°C) will decrease the tire pressure to approximately 24 psi (165 kPa). This tire pressure is sufficiently low enough to turn ON the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light. Driving the vehicle may cause the tire pressure to rise to approximately 28 psi (193 kPa), but the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will still be ON. In this situation, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn OFF only after the tires have been inflated to the vehicle’s recommended cold tire pressure value.

358 STARTING AND OPERATING

CAUTION!

• The TPMS has been optimized for the original equipment tires and wheels. TPMS pressures have been established for the tire size equipped on your vehicle. Undesirable system operation or sensor damage may result when using replacement equipment that is not of the same size, type, and/or style. Aftermarket wheels can cause sensor dam- age. Do not use aftermarket tire sealants or balance beads if your vehicle is equipped with a TPMS, as damage to the sensors may result. • After inspecting or adjusting the tire pressure always reinstall the valve stem cap. This will prevent moisture and dirt from entering the valve stem, which could damage the Tire Pressure Moni- toring Sensor.

while adjusting your tire pressure.

NOTE: • The TPMS is not intended to replace normal tire care and maintenance, or to provide warning of a tire failure or condition. • The TPMS should not be used as a tire pressure gauge • Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle’s handling and stopping ability. • The TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire maintenance, and it is the driver’s responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure using an accurate tire gauge, even if under- inflation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light. • Seasonal temperature changes will affect tire pressure, and the TPMS will monitor the actual tire pressure in the tire.

Base System The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses wireless technology with wheel rim-mounted electronic sensors to monitor tire pressure levels. Sensors, mounted to each wheel as part of the valve stem, transmit tire pressure readings to the Receiver Module. It is particularly important, for you to regularly NOTE: check the tire pressure in all of your tires, and to maintain the proper pressure. The TPMS consists of the following components: • Receiver Module • Four Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensors • Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light A tire pressure monitoring sensor is located in the spare wheel, if the vehicle is equipped with a matching full-size spare wheel and tire assembly. The matching full-size

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spare tire can be used in place of any of the four road tires. A low spare tire will not cause the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light to illuminate, a warning mes- sage to appear, or the chime to sound.

The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will illuminate in the instrument cluster, a “TIRE LOW PRESSURE” message will display in the instru- ment cluster for 60 seconds, and an audible chime will be activated, when one or more of the four active road tire pressures are low. Should this occur, you should stop as soon as possible, check the inflation pressure of each tire on your vehicle, and inflate each tire to the vehicle’s recommended cold placard pressure value. The system will automatically update and the Tire Pressure Monitor- ing Telltale Light will extinguish, once the updated tire pressures have been received. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (24 km/h) to receive this information.

360 STARTING AND OPERATING

The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds, and remain on solid when a system fault is detected. In addition, a “CHECK TPM SYSTEM” message will be displayed for 75 seconds when a system fault is detected, and a chime will sound. If the ignition key is cycled, this sequence will repeat, provid- ing the system fault still exists. The Tire Pressure Moni- toring Telltale Light will turn off when the fault condition no longer exists. A system fault can occur by any of the following: 1. Jamming due to electronic devices or driving next to facilities emitting the same Radio Frequencies as the TPM sensors. 2. Installing some form of aftermarket window tinting that affects radio wave signals. 3. Lots of snow or ice around the wheels or wheel housings.

4. Using tire chains on the vehicle. 5. Using wheels/tires not equipped with TPM sensors. NOTE: • If your vehicle is equipped with a matching full-size spare wheel and tire assembly, it has a tire pressure monitoring sensor, and can be monitored by the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). In the event that the matching full-size spare tire is swapped with a low pressure road tire, the next ignition key cycle will still show the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light to be ON, a “TIRE LOW PRESSURE” message will be displayed in the instrument cluster for 60 seconds, and a chime to sound. Driving the vehicle for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (24 km/h) will turn OFF the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light as long as none of the road tires are below the low pressure warning threshold.

• If your vehicle is not equipped with a matching full-size spare wheel and tire assembly, it does not have a tire pressure monitoring sensor in the spare tire. The TPMS will not be able to monitor the tire pressure. If you install the spare tire, in place of a road tire, that has a pressure below the low-pressure warning limit, upon the next ignition key cycle, a chime will sound, a “TIRE LOW PRESSURE” message will be displayed in the instrument cluster for 60 seconds, and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn ON. After driving the vehicle for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h), the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid. In addition, a “CHECK TPM SYSTEM” message will be displayed for 75 seconds. For each subsequent ignition key cycle, a chime will sound, a “CHECK TPM SYSTEM” message will be displayed for 75 sec- onds, and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on

STARTING AND OPERATING 361

solid. Once you repair or replace the original road tire, and reinstall it on the vehicle in place of the spare tire, the TPMS will update automatically and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn OFF, as long as no tire pressure is below the low-pressure warning limit in any of the four active road tires. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (24 km/h) in order for the TPMS to receive this information.

Premium System — If Equipped The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses wireless technology with wheel rim-mounted electronic sensors to monitor tire pressure levels. Sensors, mounted to each wheel as part of the valve stem, transmit tire pressure readings to the Receiver Module. It is particularly important, for you to regularly NOTE: check the tire pressure in all of your tires and to maintain the proper pressure.

362 STARTING AND OPERATING

wheel wells)

The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) consists of the following components: • Receiver Module • Four Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensors • Three Trigger Modules (mounted in three of the four • Various Tire Pressure Monitoring System Messages, which display in the Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC), and a graphic displaying tire pressures

• Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light A tire pressure monitoring sensor is located in the spare wheel, if the vehicle is equipped with a matching full-size spare wheel and tire assembly. The matching full-size spare tire can be used in place of any of the four road

tires. A low spare tire will set the “SPARE LOW PRES- SURE” message, but it will not cause the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light to illuminate or the chime to sound. Tire Pressure Monitoring Low Pressure Warnings

The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will illuminate in the instrument cluster, and an au- dible chime will be activated, when one or more of the four active road tire pressures are low. In addition, the EVIC will display one or more Low Pressure messages (Left Front, Left Rear, Right Front, Right Rear) for three seconds, and a graphic display of the pressure value(s) with the low tire(s) “flashing.” Refer to “Electronic Ve- hicle Information Center (EVIC)” in Section 4 of this manual.

NOTE: Your system can be set to display pressure units in PSI, kPa, or BAR.

Should a low tire condition occur on any of the four active road tire(s), you should stop as soon as possible, and inflate the low tire(s) that is “flashing” on the graphic display to the vehicle’s recommended cold tire pressure.

STARTING AND OPERATING 363

The system will automatically update, the graphic dis- play of the pressure value(s) will stop “flashing,” and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will extinguish once the updated tire pressure(s) have been received. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (24 km/h) to receive this information. CHECK TPM SYSTEM Warning The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds, and remain on solid when a system fault is detected. The system fault will also sound a chime. The EVIC will display a “CHECK TPM SYS- TEM” message for three seconds. This message is then followed by a graphic display, with “- -“ in place of the pressure value(s), indicating which Tire Pressure Moni- toring Sensor(s) is not being received.

364 STARTING AND OPERATING

NOTE: Your system can be set to display pressure units in PSI, kPa, or BAR.

If the ignition key is cycled, this sequence will repeat, providing the system fault still exists. If the system fault no longer exists, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will no longer flash, the ⬙CHECK TPM SYSTEM⬙

message will not be present, and a pressure value will be displayed instead of dashes. A system fault can occur by any of the following: 1. Jamming due to electronic devices or driving next to facilities emitting the same Radio Frequencies as the TPM sensors. 2. Installing some form of aftermarket window tinting that affects radio wave signals. 3. Lots of snow or ice around the wheels or wheel housings. 4. Using tire chains on the vehicle. 5. Using wheels/tires not equipped with TPM sensors. The EVIC will also display a ⬙CHECK TPM SYSTEM⬙ message for three seconds when a system fault is de- tected possibly related to the trigger component. In this

case, the ⬙CHECK TPM SYSTEM⬙ message is then fol- lowed by a graphic display, with pressure values still shown. This indicates the pressure values are still being received from the TPM Sensors. However, the system still needs to be serviced as long as the ⬙CHECK TPM SYSTEM⬙ message exists. NOTE: • If your vehicle is equipped with a matching full-size spare wheel and tire assembly, it has a tire pressure monitoring sensor, and can be monitored by the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). In the event that the matching full-size spare tire is swapped with a low pressure road tire, the next ignition key cycle will still show the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light to be ON, a chime to sound, a Low Pressure message to appear in the EVIC, and the graphic display will still show the low tire pressure value “flashing.” Driving the vehicle for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (24 km/h) will turn OFF the Tire Pressure Monitoring

STARTING AND OPERATING 365

Telltale Light as long as none of road tires are below the low pressure warning threshold. The EVIC will also display a “SPARE LOW PRESSURE” message, and the graphic display will show a tire pressure value in place of the “flashing” low tire pressure value. • If your vehicle is not equipped with a matching full-size spare wheel and tire assembly, it does not have a tire pressure monitoring sensor in the spare tire. The TPMS will not be able to monitor the tire pressure. If you install the spare tire in place of a road tire that has a pressure below the low-pressure warning limit, upon the next ignition key cycle, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will remain ON, a chime will sound, and the EVIC will still display a “flashing” pressure value in the graphic display. After driving the vehicle for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (24 km/h), the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid. In addition, the EVIC will display a “CHECK TPM

366 STARTING AND OPERATING

SYSTEM⬙ message for three seconds and then display dashes (- -) in place of the pressure value. For each subsequent ignition key cycle, a chime will sound, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid, and the EVIC will display a ⬙CHECK TPM SYSTEM⬙ message for three seconds and then display dashes (- -) in place of the pressure value. Once you repair or replace the original road tire, and reinstall it on the vehicle in place of the spare tire, the TPMS will update automatically.

In addition, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn OFF and the graphic in the EVIC will display a new pressure value instead of dashes (- -), as long as no tire pressure is below the low-pressure warning limit in any of the four active road tires. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (24 km/h) in order for the TPMS to receive this information.

General Information This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules and RSS 210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference. • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

The tire pressure sensors are covered under one of the following licenses:

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KR5S120123
Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2671-S120123

FUEL REQUIREMENTS

3.7/4.7L Engine (If Equipped)

All engines (except 5.7L engines) are de- signed to meet all emissions regulations and provide excellent fuel economy and performance when using high-quality un- leaded “regular” gasoline having an oc- tane rating of 87. The use of premium gasoline is not recommended. Under normal conditions, the use of premium gasoline will not provide a benefit over high-quality regular gasoline, and in some circum- stances may result in poorer performance. 5.7L Engine (If Equipped)

The 5.7L engine is designed to meet all emissions regulations and provide satisfac- tory fuel economy and performance when

STARTING AND OPERATING 367

using high-quality unleaded gasoline having an octane range of 87 to 89. The manufacturer recommends the use of 89 octane for optimum performance. The use of premium gasoline is not recommended. Under normal conditions, the use of premium gasoline will not provide a benefit over high-quality regular and mid-grade gaso- line, and in some circumstances may result in poorer performance. Light spark knock at low engine speeds is not harmful to your engine. However, continued heavy spark knock at high speeds can cause damage and immediate service is required. Poor quality gasoline can cause problems such as hard starting, stalling and hesitations. If you experience these symptoms, try another brand of gasoline before consid- ering service for the vehicle.

368 STARTING AND OPERATING

Over 40 auto manufacturer’s worldwide have issued and endorsed consistent gasoline specifications (the World- wide Fuel Charter, WWFC) to define fuel properties necessary to deliver enhanced emissions, performance, and durability for your vehicle. The manufacturer recom- mends the use of gasoline that meets the WWFC speci- fications, if they are available. Reformulated Gasoline Many areas of the country require the use of cleaner burning gasoline referred to as “Reformulated Gasoline.” Reformulated gasoline contains oxygenates, and are spe- cifically blended to reduce vehicle emissions and im- prove air quality. The manufacturer supports the use of reformulated gaso- line. Properly blended reformulated gasoline will pro- vide excellent performance and durability of engine and fuel system components.

Gasoline/Oxygenate Blends Some fuel suppliers blend unleaded gasoline with oxy- genates such as 10% ethanol, MTBE, and ETBE. Oxygen- ates are required in some areas of the country during the winter months to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. Fuels blended with these oxygenates may be used in your vehicle.

CAUTION!

DO NOT use gasoline containing Methanol. Use of these blends may result in starting and drivability problems and may damage critical fuel system com- ponents.

Problems that result from using methanol/gasoline blends are not the responsibility of the manufacturer. While MTBE is an oxygenate made from Methanol, it does not have the negative effects of Methanol.

E-85 Usage In Non-Flex Fuel Vehicles Non-FFV vehicles are compatible with gasoline contain- ing 10% ethanol (E10). Gasoline with higher ethanol content may void the vehicle’s warranty. If a Non-FFV vehicle is inadvertently fueled with E-85
fuel, the engine will have some or all of these symptoms: • operate in a lean mode • OBD II “Malfunction Indicator Light” on • poor engine performance • poor cold start and cold drivability • increased risk for fuel system component corrosion To fix a Non-FFV vehicle inadvertently fueled once with E-85 perform the following: • drain the fuel tank (see your authorized dealer) • change the engine oil and oil filter

• disconnect and reconnect the battery to reset the

STARTING AND OPERATING 369

engine controller memory

More extensive repairs will be required for prolonged exposure to E-85 fuel. MMT In Gasoline MMT is a manganese containing metallic additive that is blended into some gasoline to increase octane. Gasoline blended with MMT provides no performance advantage beyond gasoline of the same octane number without MMT. Gasoline blended with MMT reduces spark plug life and reduces emission system performance in some vehicles. The manufacturer recommends that gasoline without MMT be used in your vehicle. The MMT content of gasoline may not be indicated on the gasoline pump, therefore, you should ask your gasoline retailer if the gasoline contains MMT.

370 STARTING AND OPERATING

It is even more important to look for gasoline without MMT in Canada, because MMT can be used at levels higher than those allowed in the United States. MMT is prohibited in Federal and California reformu- lated gasoline. Materials Added To Fuel All gasoline sold in the United States is required to contain effective detergent additives. Use of additional detergents or other additives is not needed under normal conditions and would result in additional cost. Therefore, you should not have to add anything to the fuel. Fuel System Cautions

CAUTION!

Follow these guidelines to maintain your vehicle’s performance:

• The use of leaded gas is prohibited by Federal law. Using leaded gasoline can impair engine performance and damage the emission control system. • An out-of-tune engine, or certain fuel or ignition malfunctions, can cause the catalytic converter to overheat. If you notice a pungent burning odor or some light smoke, your engine may be out of tune or malfunctioning and may require immediate service. Contact your authorized dealer for service assistance. • The use of fuel additives which are now being sold as octane enhancers is not recommended. Most of these products contain high concentrations of methanol. Fuel system damage or vehicle performance problems resulting from the use of such fuels or additives is not the responsibility of the manufacturer.

NOTE: systems can result against you.

Intentional tampering with emissions control in civil penalties being assessed

Carbon Monoxide Warnings

WARNING!

Carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaust gases is deadly. Follow the precautions below to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. • Do not inhale exhaust gases. They contain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas which can kill. Never run the engine in a closed area, such as a garage, and never sit in a parked vehicle with the engine running for an extended period. If the vehicle is

STARTING AND OPERATING 371

stopped in an open area with the engine running for more than a short period, adjust the ventilation system to force fresh, outside air into the vehicle. • Guard against carbon monoxide with proper mainte- nance. Have the exhaust system inspected every time the vehicle is raised. Have any abnormal conditions repaired promptly. Until repaired, drive with all side windows fully open. • Keep the liftgate closed when driving your vehicle to prevent carbon monoxide and other poisonous ex- haust gases from entering the vehicle.

372 STARTING AND OPERATING

FLEXIBLE FUEL (4.7L ENGINE ONLY) — IF EQUIPPED

E-85 General Information The information in this section is for Flexible Fuel ve- hicles only. These vehicles can be identified by a unique, yellow fuel filler cap (gas cap) that states Ethanol (E-85)/ Unleaded Gasoline, and by the FLEXFUEL badge that will be located on the body of your vehicle. This section only covers those subjects that are unique to these vehicles. Please refer to the other sections of this manual for information on features that are common between Flexible Fuel and gasoline-only powered vehicles.

E-85 Fuel Cap

CAUTION!

Only vehicles with the E-85 fuel filler cap (gas cap) can operate on E-85.

E-85 Badge

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ETHANOL FUEL (E-85) E-85 is a mixture of approximately 85% fuel ethanol and 15% unleaded gasoline.

WARNING!

Ethanol vapors are extremely flammable and could cause serious personal injury. Never have any smok- ing materials lit in or near the vehicle when remov- ing the fuel filler tube cap (gas cap) or filling the tank. Do not use E-85 as a cleaning agent and never use it near an open flame.

Fuel Requirements If your vehicle is E-85 compatible, it will operate on unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of 87, or E-85
fuel, or any mixture of these two fuels.

374 STARTING AND OPERATING

For best results, a refueling pattern that avoids alternat- ing between E-85 and unleaded gasoline is recom- mended. When you do switch fuel types it is recommended that: • you do not add less than 5 gal (19 L) when refueling • you drive the vehicle immediately after refueling for at

least 5 mi (8 km)

Observing these precautions will avoid possible hard starting and/or significant deterioration in drivability during warm up. NOTE: Use seasonally adjusted E-85 fuel (ASTM D5798). With non-seasonally adjusted E-85 fuel, you may experience hard starting and rough idle following start up even if the above recommendations are followed, especially when the ambient temperature is below 32°F (0°C).

Selection Of Engine Oil For Flexible Fuel Vehicles (E-85) and Gasoline Vehicles Whether operating the vehicle on an E-85 ethanol fuel or unleaded gasoline, the engine oil requirements are the same. Refer to “Maintenance Procedures” in Section 7 of this manual for the proper quality and viscosity engine oil. Starting The characteristics of E-85 fuel make it unsuitable for use when ambient temperatures fall below 0°F (-18°C). In the range of 0° to 32°F (-18° to 0°C), you may experience an increase in the time it takes for your engine to start, and a deterioration in drivability (sags and/or hesitations) until the engine is fully warmed up. Cruising Range Because E-85 fuel contains less energy per gallon/liter than gasoline, you will experience an increase in fuel

consumption. You can expect your MPG and your driv- ing range to decrease by about 30% compared to gasoline operation. Replacement Parts All components in your Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) are designed to be compatible with ethanol. Always be sure that your vehicle is serviced with correct ethanol com- patible parts.

CAUTION!

• Replacing fuel system components with non- ethanol compatible components can damage your vehicle. • Do not use ethanol mixture greater than 85% in your vehicle. It will cause difficulty in cold start- ing and may affect drivability.

STARTING AND OPERATING 375

ADDING FUEL

Fuel Filler Cap (Gas Cap) The gas cap is located behind the fuel filler door, on the driver’s side of the vehicle. If the gas cap is lost or damaged, be sure the replacement cap is for use with this vehicle.

Fuel Filler Cap

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CAUTION!

• Damage to the fuel system or emission control system could result from using an improper fuel cap (gas cap). A poorly fitting cap could let impu- rities into the fuel system. Also, a poorly fitting aftermarket cap can cause the Malfunction Indica- tor Light to illuminate, due to fuel vapors escaping from the system. • A poorly fitting gas cap may cause the Malfunc- • To avoid fuel spillage and overfilling, do not “top

tion Indicator Light to turn on.

off” the fuel tank after filling.

NOTE: When the fuel nozzle “clicks” or shuts off, the fuel tank is full.

WARNING!

• Never have any smoking materials lit in or near the vehicle when the gas cap is removed or the tank filled. • Never add fuel when the engine is running. This is in violation of most state and federal fire regula- tions and will cause the malfunction indicator light to turn on.

NOTE: Tighten the gas cap about one–quarter turn until you hear one click. This is an indication that cap is properly tightened. If the gas cap is not tighten properly, the Malfunction Indicator Light will come on. Be sure the gas cap is tightened every time the vehicle is refueled.

Loose Fuel Filler Cap Message If the vehicle diagnostic system determines that the fuel filler cap is loose, improperly installed, or damaged, a “CHECK GASCAP” message will be displayed in the EVIC (Electronic Vehicle Information Center). Refer to “Electronic Vehicle Information Center” in Section 4 of this manual. Tighten the fuel filler cap until a “clicking” sound is heard. This is an indication that the fuel filler cap is properly tightened. Refer to “Onboard Diagnostic System — OBDII” in Section 7 of this manual for more information.

WARNING!

A fire may result if gasoline is pumped into a portable container that is inside of a vehicle. You could be burned. Always place gas containers on the ground while filling.

STARTING AND OPERATING 377

CAUTION!

Damage to the fuel system or emission control sys- tem could result from using an improper fuel tank filler cap (gas cap). A poorly fitting cap could let impurities into the fuel system.

WARNING!

• Never add fuel when the engine is running. • Never have any smoking materials lit in or near the vehicle when the fuel cap is removed or the tank filled.

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VEHICLE LOADING

Certification Label As required by National Highway Traffic Safety Admin- istration regulations, your vehicle has a certification label affixed to the driver’s side door or B-Pillar. This label contains the month and year of manufacture, Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) front and rear, and Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). A Month-Day-Hour (MDH) number is included on this label and indicates the month, day, and hour of manufacture. The bar code that appears on the bottom of the label is your VIN. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) The GVWR is the total permissible weight of your vehicle including driver, passengers, vehicle, options, trailer

tongue weight, and cargo. The label also specifies maxi- mum capacities of front and rear axle systems (GAWR). Total load must be limited, so GVWR, and front and rear GAWR are not exceeded. Payload The payload of a vehicle is defined as the allowable load weight a truck can carry, including the weight of the driver, all passengers, options and cargo. Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) The GAWR is the maximum permissible load on the front and rear axles. The load must be distributed in the cargo area so that the GAWR of each axle is not exceeded. Each axle’s GAWR is determined by the components in the system with the lowest load carrying capacity (axle, springs, tires, or wheels). Heavier axles or suspension components, sometimes specified by purchasers for in- creased durability, does not necessarily increase the ve- hicle’s GVWR.

Tire Size The tire size on the label represents the actual tire size on your vehicle. Replacement tires must be equal to the load capacity of this tire size. Rim Size This is the rim size that is appropriate for the tire size listed. Inflation Pressure This is the cold tire inflation pressure for your vehicle for all loading conditions up to full GAWR. Curb Weight The curb weight of a vehicle is defined as the total weight of the vehicle with all fluids, including vehicle fuel, at full capacity conditions, and with no occupants or cargo loaded into the vehicle. The front and rear curb weight values are determined by weighing your vehicle on a commercial scale before any occupants or cargo are added.

STARTING AND OPERATING 379

Loading The actual total weight and the weight of the front and rear of your vehicle at the ground can best be determined by weighing it when it is loaded and ready for operation. The entire vehicle should first be weighed on a commer- cial scale to ensure that the GVWR has not been ex- ceeded. The weight on the front and rear of the vehicle should then be determined separately to be sure that the load is properly distributed over front and rear axle. Weighing the vehicle may show that the GAWR of either the front or rear axles has been exceeded, but the total load is within the specified GVWR. If so, weight must be shifted from front to rear, or rear to front, as appropriate until the specified weight limitations are met. Store the heavier items down low and be sure that the weight is distributed equally. Stow all loose items securely before driving.

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Improper weight distributions can have an adverse affect on the way your vehicle steers and handles, and the way the brakes operate.

CAUTION!

Do not load your vehicle any heavier than the GVWR or the maximum front and rear GAWR. If you do, parts on your vehicle can break, or it can change the way your vehicle handles. This could cause you to lose control. Also, overloading can shorten the life of your vehicle.

TRAILER TOWING In this section you will find safety tips and information on limits to the type of towing you can reasonably do with your vehicle. Before towing a trailer carefully re- view this information to tow your load as efficiently and safely as possible.

To maintain warranty coverage, follow the requirements and recommendations in this manual concerning ve- hicles used for trailer towing. Common Towing Definitions The following trailer towing related definitions will assist you in understanding the following information: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) The GVWR is the total allowable weight of your vehicle. This includes driver, passengers, cargo and trailer tongue weight. The total load must be limited so that you do not exceed the GVWR. Gross Trailer Weight (GTW) The GTW is the weight of the trailer plus the weight of all cargo, consumables and equipment (permanent or tem- porary) loaded in or on the trailer in its ⬙loaded and ready for operation⬙ condition. The recommended way to

measure GTW is to put your fully loaded trailer on a vehicle scale. The entire weight of the trailer must be supported by the scale. Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) The GCWR is the total permissible weight of your vehicle and trailer when weighed in combination. (Note that GCWR ratings include a 150 lbs (68 kg) allowance for the presence of a driver). Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) The GAWR is the maximum capacity of the front and rear axles. Distribute the load over the front and rear axles evenly. Make sure that you do not exceed either front or rear GAWR.

STARTING AND OPERATING 381

WARNING!

It is important that you do not exceed the maximum front or rear GAWR. A dangerous driving condition can result if either rating is exceeded. You could lose control of the vehicle and have an accident.

Trailer Tongue Weight (TW) The TW is the downward force exerted on the hitch ball by the trailer. In most cases, it should not be less than 10% or more than 15% of the trailer load. You must consider this as part of the load on your vehicle. Frontal Area The frontal area is the maximum height and maximum width of the front of a trailer.

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Weight-Carrying Hitch A weight-carrying hitch supports the trailer tongue weight, just as if it were luggage located at a hitch ball or some other connecting point of the vehicle. These kind of hitches are the most popular on the market today and they are commonly used to tow small- and medium- sized trailers. Weight-Distributing Hitch A weight-distributing hitch system works by applying leverage through spring (load) bars. They are typically used for heavier loads, to distribute trailer tongue weight to the tow vehicle’s front axle and the trailer axle(s). When used in accordance with the manufacturer’s direc- tions, it provides for a more level ride, offering more consistent steering and brake control thereby enhancing towing safety. The addition of a friction/hydraulic sway control also dampens sway caused by traffic and cross- winds, and contributes positively to tow vehicle and

trailer stability. Trailer sway control and a weight distrib- uting (load equalizing) hitch are recommended for heavier trailer tongue weights (TW) and may be required depending on Vehicle and Trailer configuration/loading to comply with gross axle weight rating (GAWR) requirements.

WARNING!

An improperly adjusted weight-distributing hitch system may reduce handling, stability, and braking performance, and could result in an accident.

Weight-distributing hitch systems may not be compatible with Surge Brake Couplers. Consult with your hitch and trailer manufacturer or a reputable Recreational Vehicle dealer for additional information.

Trailer Hitch Classification Your vehicle may be factory equipped for safe towing of trailers weighing over 3,500 lbs (1 587 kg) with the optional Trailer Tow Prep Package. See your authorized dealer for package content. The following chart provides the industry standard for the maximum trailer weight a given trailer hitch class can tow and should be used to assist you in selecting the correct trailer hitch for your intended towing condition. Refer to the Trailer Towing Weights (Maximum Trailer Weight Ratings) chart for the Max. GTW towable for your given drivetrain.

STARTING AND OPERATING 383

Trailer Hitch Classification

Class

Max. GTW (Gross Trailer

Wt.)

2,000 lbs (907 kg) 3,500 lbs (1 587 kg)

5,000 lbs (2 268 kg) 10,000 lbs (4 540 kg)

Class I - Light Duty Class II - Medium Duty Class III - Heavy Duty Class IV - Extra Heavy Duty Refer to the “Trailer Towing Weights (Maximum Trailer Weight Ratings)” chart for the Maximum Gross Trailer Weight (GTW) towable for your given drivetrain. All trailer hitches should be professionally installed on your vehicle.

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Trailer Towing Weights (Maximum Trailer Weight Ratings) The following chart provides the maximum trailer weight ratings towable for your given drivetrain.

Engine

Model

3.7L 3.7L 4.7L 4.7L

4.7L (w/Trailer Tow Group IV) 4.7L (w/Trailer Tow Group IV)

5.7L 5.7L

4x2
4x4
4x2
4x4
4x2

4x4

4x2
4x4

GCWR

(Gross Combined

Wt. Rating)

Frontal Area

Max. GTW

(Gross Trailer Wt.)

8,670 lbs (3 933 kg) 8,755 lbs (3 971 kg) 8,665 lbs (3 930 kg) 8,900 lbs (4 037 kg) 11,900 lbs (5 398 kg)

35 sq ft (3.25 sq m) 35 sq ft (3.25 sq m) 35 sq ft (3.25 sq m) 35 sq ft (3.25 sq m) 64 sq ft (5.95 sq m)

3,500 lbs (1 587 kg) 3,500 lbs (1 587 kg) 3,500 lbs (1 587 kg) 3,500 lbs (1 587 kg) 6,500 lbs (2 948 kg)

Max. Trailer Tongue Wt. (See Note)

350 lbs (159 kg) 350 lbs (159 kg) 350 lbs (159 kg) 350 lbs (159 kg) 650 lbs (295 kg)

11,900 lbs (5 398 kg)

64 sq ft (5.95 sq m)

6,500 lbs (2 948 kg)

650 lbs (295 kg)

12,620 lbs (5 724 kg) 12,670 lbs (5 747 kg) Refer to local laws for maximum trailer towing speeds.

64 sq ft (5.95 sq m) 64 sq ft (5.95 sq m)

7,400 lbs (3 356 kg) 7,200 lbs (3 266 kg)

740 lbs (336 kg) 720 lbs (327 kg)

NOTE: The trailer tongue weight must be considered as part of the combined weight of occupants and cargo, and should never exceed the weight referenced on the Tire and Loading Information placard. Refer to the “Tire– Safety Information” section in this manual. Trailer And Tongue Weight Always load a trailer with 60% to 65% of the weight in the front of the trailer. This places 10% to 15% of the Gross Trailer Weight (GTW) on the tow hitch of your vehicle. Loads balanced over the wheels, or heavier in the rear, can cause the trailer to sway severely side-to-side which will cause loss of control of vehicle and trailer. Failure to load trailers heavier in front is the cause of many trailer accidents.

STARTING AND OPERATING 385

Consider the following items when computing the weight on the front/rear axles of the vehicle: • The tongue weight of the trailer. • The weight of any other type of cargo or equipment • The weight of the driver and all passengers.

put in or on your vehicle.

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NOTE: Remember that everything put into or on the trailer adds to the load on your vehicle. Also, additional factory-installed options, or dealer-installed options, must be considered as part of the total load on your vehicle. Refer to the Tire and Loading Information plac- ard in the “Tire—Safety Information” section of this manual for the maximum combined weight of occupants and cargo for your vehicle. Towing Requirements To promote proper break-in of your new vehicle driv- etrain components the following guidelines are recom- mended:

CAUTION!

• Avoid towing a trailer for the first 500 miles (805 km) of vehicle operation. Doing so may dam- age your vehicle.

(Continued)

CAUTION! (Continued)

• During the first 500 miles (805 km) of trailer

towing, limit your speed to 50 mph (80 km/h).

WARNING!

Improper towing can lead to an injury accident. Follow these guidelines to make your trailer towing as safe as possible: Make certain that the load is secured in the trailer and will not shift during travel. When trailering cargo that is not fully secured, dynamic load shifts can occur that may be difficult for the driver to control. You could lose control of your vehicle and have an accident.

• When hauling cargo or towing a trailer, do not over- load your vehicle or trailer. Overloading can cause a loss of control, poor performance or damage to brakes, axle, engine, transmission, steering, suspension, chas- sis structure or tires. • Safety chains must always be used between your vehicle and trailer. Always connect the chains to the hook retainers of the vehicle hitch. Cross the chains under the trailer tongue and allow enough slack for turning corners. • Vehicles with trailers should not be parked on a grade. When parking, apply the parking brake on the tow vehicle. Put the tow vehicle transmission in PARK. For four-wheel drive vehicles, make sure the transfer case is not in NEUTRAL. Always, block or ⬙chock⬙ the trailer wheels.

STARTING AND OPERATING 387

• GCWR must not be exceeded. • Total weight must be distributed between the tow vehicle and the trailer such that the following four ratings are not exceeded: 1. GVWR 2. GTW 3. GAWR 4. Trailer tongue weight rating for the trailer hitch utilized (This requirement may limit the ability to always achieve the 10% to 15% range of tongue weight as a percentage of total trailer weight).

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