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operate the in-vehicle Bluetooth system. g (Push To Talk): Press to answer incoming calls, to confirm system information, and to start speech recognition.
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Infotainment System
Pairing A Bluetooth enabled cell phone must be paired to the in‐vehicle Bluetooth system first and then connected to the vehicle before it can be used. See the cell phone manufacturers user guide for Bluetooth functions before pairing the cell phone. If a Bluetooth phone is not connected, calls will be made using OnStar® Hands‐Free Calling, if available. Refer to the OnStar owner's guide for more information. Pairing Information: . Up to five cell phones can be
paired to the in‐vehicle Bluetooth system. The pairing process is disabled when the vehicle is moving. The in‐vehicle Bluetooth system automatically links with the first available paired cell phone in the order the phone was paired.
. Only one paired cell phone can be connected to the in‐vehicle Bluetooth system at a time.
. Pairing should only need to be
completed once, unless changes to the pairing information have been made or the phone is deleted.
To link to a different paired phone, see Linking to a Different Phone later in this section.
Pairing a Phone 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Bluetooth”. The system
responds with “Bluetooth ready” followed by a tone.
3. Say “Pair”. The system responds with instructions and a four digit PIN number. The PIN number will be used in Step 4.
4. Start the pairing process on the cell phone that will be paired to the vehicle. Reference the cell phone manufacturers user guide for information on this process. Locate the device named “General Motors” in the list on the cellular phone and follow the instructions on the cell phone to enter the four digit PIN number that was provided in Step 3.
5. The system prompts for a name for the phone. Use a name that best describes the phone. This name will be used to indicate which phone is connected. The system then confirms the name provided.
6. The system responds with “
has been successfully paired” after the pairing process is complete. 7. Repeat Steps 1 through 7 for additional phones to be paired.
Listing All Paired and Connected Phones 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Bluetooth”. The system
responds with “Bluetooth ready” followed by a tone.
3. Say “List”. The system lists all the paired Bluetooth devices. If a phone is connected to the vehicle, the system will say “Is connected” after the connected phone.
Deleting a Paired Phone 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Bluetooth”. The system
responds with “Bluetooth ready” followed by a tone.
3. Say “Delete”. The system asks which phone to delete followed by a tone.
4. Say the name of the phone to be deleted. If the phone name is unknown, use the “List” command for a list of all paired phones. The system responds with “Would you like to delete
? Yes or No” followed by a tone 5. Say “Yes” to delete the phone.
The system responds with “OK, deleting
”. Linking to a Different Phone 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Bluetooth”. The system
responds with “Bluetooth ready” followed by a tone.
Infotainment System 7-17
3. Say “Change phone”. The
system responds with “Please wait while I search for other phones”.
If another phone is found, the response will be “
is now connected”. If another phone is not found, the original phone remains connected. Storing Name Tags The system can store up to thirty phone numbers as name tags that are shared between the Bluetooth and OnStar systems. The system uses the following commands to store and retrieve phone numbers: . Store . Digit Store . Directory
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Infotainment System
Using the Store Command The store command allows a phone number to be stored without entering the digits individually. 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Store”. The system
responds with “Store, number please” followed by a tone.
3. Say the complete phone number
to be stored at once with no pauses.
If the system recognizes the number it responds with “OK, Storing” and repeats the phone number. If the system is unsure it recognizes the phone number, it responds with “Store” and repeats the number followed by “Please say yes or no”.
If the number is correct, say “Yes”. If the number is not correct, say “No”. The system will ask for the number to be re‐entered.
4. After the system stores the
phone number, it responds with “Please say the name tag” followed by a tone.
5. Say a name tag for the phone
number. The name tag is recorded and the system responds with “About to store
. Does that sound OK?”. If the name tag does not sound correct, say “No” and repeat Step 5. If the name tag sounds correct, say “Yes” and the name tag is stored. After the number is stored the system returns to the main menu.
Using the Digit Store Command The digit store command allows a phone number to be stored by entering the digits individually. 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Digit Store”. The system responds with “Please say the first digit to store” followed by a tone.
3. Say the first digit to be stored.
The system will repeat back the digit it heard followed by a tone. Continue entering digits until the number to be stored is complete.
If an unwanted number is recognized by the system, say “Clear” at any time to clear the last number. To hear all of the numbers recognized by the system, say “Verify” at any time and the system will repeat them.
Using the Directory Command The directory command lists all of the name tags stored by the system. To use the directory command: 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Directory”. The system
responds with “Directory” and then plays back all of the stored name tags. When the list is complete, the system returns to the main menu.
4. After the complete number has been entered, say “Store”. The system responds with “Please say the name tag” followed by a tone.
5. Say a name tag for the phone
number. The name tag is recorded and the system responds with “About to store
. Does that sound OK?”. If the name tag does not sound correct, say “No” and repeat Step 5. If the name tag sounds correct, say “Yes” and the name tag is stored. After the number is stored the system returns to the main menu.
Infotainment System 7-19
Deleting Name Tags The system uses the following commands to delete name tags: . Delete . Delete all name tags
Using the Delete Command The delete command allows specific name tags to be deleted. To use the delete command: 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Delete”. The system
responds with “Delete, please say the name tag” followed by a tone.
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Infotainment System
3. Say the name tag to be deleted.
The system responds with “Would you like to delete,
? Please say yes or no”. If the name tag is correct, say “Yes” to delete the name tag. The system responds with “OK, deleting
, returning to the main menu.” If the name tag is incorrect, say “No”. The system responds with “No. OK, let's try again, please say the name tag.” Using the Delete All Name Tags Command The delete all name tags command deletes all stored phone book name tags and route name tags for OnStar (if present).
To use the delete all name tags command: 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Delete all name tags”. The system responds with “You are about to delete all name tags stored in your phone directory and your route destination directory. Are you sure you want to do this? Please say yes or no.”
Say “Yes” to delete all name tags. Say “No” to cancel the function and return to the main menu.
Making a Call Calls can be made using the following commands: . Dial . Digit Dial . Call . Re‐dial
Using the Dial Command 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Dial”. The system responds with “Dial using
. “Number please” followed by a tone. 3. Say the entire number without
pausing.
If the system recognizes the number, it responds with “OK, Dialing” and dials the number. If the system does not recognize the number, it confirms the numbers followed by a tone. If the number is correct, say “Yes”. The system responds with “OK, Dialing” and dials the number. If the number is not correct, say “No”. The system will ask for the number to be re‐entered.
Using the Digit Dial Command 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Digit Dial”. The system
responds with “Digit dial using
, please say the first digit to dial” followed by a tone. 3. Say the digits to be dialed one at
a time. Following each digit, the system will repeat back the digit it heard followed by a tone.
Infotainment System 7-21
4. Continue entering digits until the number to be dialed is complete. After the whole number has been entered, say “Dial”. The system responds with “OK, Dialing” and dials the number. If an unwanted number is recognized by the system, say “Clear” at any time to clear the last number. To hear all of the numbers recognized by the system, say “Verify” at any time and the system will repeat them.
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Infotainment System
Using the Call Command 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Call”. The system responds with “Call using
. Please say the name tag” followed by a tone. 3. Say the name tag of the person
to call.
If the system clearly recognizes the name tag it responds with “OK, calling,
” and dials the number. If the system is unsure it recognizes the right name tag, it confirms the name tag followed by a tone. If the name tag is correct, say “Yes”. The system responds with “OK, calling,
” and dials the number. If the name tag is not correct, say “No”. The system will ask for the name tag to be re‐entered. Once connected, the person called will be heard through the audio speakers.
Using the Re‐dial Command 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. After the tone, say “Re‐dial”. The
system responds with “Re‐dial using
” and dials the last number called from the connected Bluetooth phone. Once connected, the person called will be heard through the audio speakers.
Receiving a Call When an incoming call is received, the audio system mutes and a ring tone is heard in the vehicle. Press and release g to answer the call. Call Waiting Call waiting must be supported on the Bluetooth phone and enabled by the wireless service carrier to work. . Press and release g to answer an incoming call when another call is active. The original call is placed on hold.
. Press and release g again to
return to the original call. To ignore the incoming call, continue with the original call with no action.
Three‐Way Calling Three‐Way Calling must be supported on the Bluetooth phone and enabled by the wireless service carrier to work. 1. While on a call press and
release g. The system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Three‐way call”. The
system responds with “Three‐way call, please say dial or call”.
3. Use the dial or call command to dial the number of the third party to be called.
4. Once the call is connected, press g to link all the callers together.
Ending a Call To end a call: 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “End Call”. The call is then
ended.
Muting a Call During a call, all sounds from inside the vehicle can be muted so that the person on the other end of the call cannot hear them.
To Mute a Call 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Mute Call”. The system responds with “Call muted”.
Infotainment System 7-23
To Cancel Mute 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. After the tone, say “Mute Call”.
The system responds with “Resuming call”.
Transferring a Call Audio can be transferred between the in‐vehicle Bluetooth system and the cell phone.
To Transfer Audio to the Cell Phone During a call with the audio in the vehicle: 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Transfer Call.” The system responds with “Transferring call” and the audio will switch from the vehicle to the cell phone.
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Infotainment System
To Transfer Audio to the In-Vehicle Bluetooth System The cellular phone must be paired and connected with the Bluetooth system before a call can be transferred. The connection process can take up to two minutes after the key is turned to the ON/RUN or ACC/ACCESSORY position. During a call with the audio on the cell phone, press g for more than two seconds. The audio switches from the cell phone to the vehicle. Voice Pass-Thru Voice Pass‐Thru allows access to the voice recognition commands on the cell phone. See the cell phone manufacturers user guide to see if the cell phone supports this feature.
This feature can be used to verbally access contacts stored in the cell phone. 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Bluetooth”. The system
responds with “Bluetooth ready” followed by a tone.
3. Say “Voice”. The system
responds with “OK, accessing
”. The cell phone's normal prompt messages will go through its cycle according to the phone's operating instructions.
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) Tones The in‐vehicle Bluetooth system can send numbers and numbers stored as name tags during a call. This is used when calling a menu driven phone system. Account numbers can be programmed into the phonebook for retrieval during menu driven calls.
Sending a Number During a Call 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Dial”. The system responds
with “Say a number to send tones” followed by a tone.
3. Say the name tag to send.
If the system clearly recognizes the name tag it responds with “OK, Sending
” and the dial tones are sent and the call continues. If the system is not sure it recognized the name tag properly, it responds “Dial . Please say yes or no?” followed by a tone. If the name tag is correct, say “Yes”. The system responds with “OK, Sending ” and the dial tones are sent and the call continues. Infotainment System 7-25
Clearing the System Unless information is deleted out of the in‐vehicle Bluetooth system, it will be retained indefinitely. This includes all saved name tags in the phonebook and phone pairing information. For information on how to delete this information, see the above sections on Deleting a Paired Phone and Deleting Name Tags. Other Information The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth® SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by General Motors is under license. Other trademarks and trade names are those of their respective owners. See Radio Frequency Statement on page 13‑16 for FCC information.
3. Say the number to send. If the system clearly recognizes the number it responds with “OK, Sending Number” and the dial tones are sent and the call continues. If the system is not sure it recognized the number properly, it responds “Dial Number, Please say yes or no?” followed by a tone. If the number is correct, say “Yes”. The system responds with “OK, Sending Number” and the dial tones are sent and the call continues.
Sending a Stored Name Tag During a Call 1. Press and release g. The
system responds with “Ready” followed by a tone.
2. Say “Send name tag.” The system responds with “Say a name tag to send tones” followed by a tone.
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Infotainment System
2 NOTES
Climate Controls
Climate Control Systems
Climate Controls
8-1
Climate Control Systems
Climate Control Systems . . . . . . 8-1
Air Vents
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
The heating, cooling, and ventilation of the vehicle can be controlled with this system.
A. Temperature Control B. Fan Control C. Air Delivery Mode Control D. Air Conditioning E. Recirculation F. Rear Window Defogger
9 (Off): Turn the fan control to this position to turn the fan off. Air still enters the vehicle and increases with vehicle speed depending on the mode and temperature settings. Turn on the recirculation mode to stop this airflow. Temperature Control: Turn clockwise or counterclockwise to increase or decrease the temperature of the air in the vehicle.
8-2
Climate Controls
9 (Fan Control): Turn clockwise or counterclockwise to increase or decrease the fan speed. Air Delivery Mode Control: Turn clockwise or counterclockwise to change the direction of the airflow in the vehicle. The airflow can be set between modes. To change the current mode, select one of the following: H (Vent): Air is directed to the instrument panel outlets. \(Bi-Level): Air is directed to the instrument panel outlets, and the remaining air to the floor outlets and the defroster and side window outlets. Cooler air is directed to the upper outlets and warmer air to the floor outlets.
[ (Floor): Air is directed to the floor outlets, side window outlets, and defroster. Recirculation is not available in this mode. / (Floor/Defog): This clears the windows of fog and moisture. Air is directed to the windshield, side window, and floor outlets. The system runs the air conditioning unless the outside temperature is near freezing or below. Recirculation is not available in this mode. 0 (Defrost): This clears the windshield of fog or frost more quickly. Air is directed to the windshield and side window outlets. The system runs the air conditioning system unless the outside temperature is near or below freezing. Recirculation is not available in this mode. Do not drive the vehicle until all the windows are clear.
# (Air Conditioning): Press to turn the air conditioning system on or off. An indicator light comes on when the air conditioning is turned on. This system cools and dehumidifies the air entering the vehicle. The air conditioning will not function if the fan is turned off. If air conditioning is selected with fan off, the indicator light flashes three times and then turns off. A slight change in engine performance may occur when the air conditioning compressor shuts off and turns on again. This is normal. The system is designed to make adjustments to help with fuel economy while still maintaining the selected temperature. The air conditioning system removes moisture from the air, so water might drip under the vehicle while idling or after turning off the engine. This is normal.
@ (Recirculation): Press to turn the recirculation mode on or off. An indicator light comes on when the recirculation is on. This mode recirculates and helps to quickly cool the air inside the vehicle. It can be used to prevent outside air and odors from entering the vehicle. Recirculation is available in the bi-level and vent modes. This mode cannot be selected while in the floor, floor/defog or defrost modes. If you try to select the recirculation mode, the indicator flashes three times indicating it is not available in that mode. When the recirculation mode is turned on, the air conditioning turns on automatically.
When it is hot enough outside, the recirculation mode may turn on automatically to help improve cooling performance. The indicator light will be lit to show this mode is active. If the recirculation button is pressed while in this mode, the light flashes three times and stays on to indicate that recirculation may not be shut off. Rear Window Defogger The rear window defogger uses a warming grid to remove fog or frost from the rear window when the key is in the ignition and turned to ON/RUN.
Climate Controls
8-3
= (Rear Defogger): Press to turn the rear window defogger on or off. After the button is first pressed the rear window defogger stays on for about 15 minutes. If turned on again, the defogger only runs for about seven and one-half minutes. Notice: Do not use anything sharp on the inside of the rear window. If you do, you could cut or damage the warming grid, and the repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Do not attach a temporary vehicle license, tape, a decal or anything similar to the defogger grid.
8-4
Climate Controls
Air Vents Use the air outlets located in the center and on the side of the instrument panel to direct the airflow. Move the louvers up or down to change the direction of the airflow. Use the thumbwheel under the outlets to change the direction of the airflow from left to right.
Operation Tips . Use the recirculation mode for
maximum air conditioning performance.
. Clear away any ice, snow or
leaves from the air inlets at the base of the windshield that may block the flow of air into the vehicle.
. Use of non-HUMMER approved hood deflectors may adversely affect the performance of the system.
. Keep the path under the front seats clear of objects to help circulate the air inside of the vehicle more effectively.
Driving and Operating
Driving Information
Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Drunk Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Control of a Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Off-Road Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Driving on Wet Roads . . . . . . . 9-22
Highway Hypnosis . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . 9-23
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24
If the Vehicle is Stuck . . . . . . . . 9-26
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . 9-27
Truck-Camper LoadingInformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
Driving and Operating
9-1
Starting and Operating
Brakes
New Vehicle Break-In . . . . . . . . 9-33
Ignition Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-34
Retained AccessoryPower (RAP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35
Starting the Engine . . . . . . . . . . 9-35
Engine Coolant Heater . . . . . . . 9-36
Shifting Into Park . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-37
Shifting Out of Park . . . . . . . . . . 9-38
Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39
Parking Over ThingsThat Burn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
Engine Exhaust
Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
Running the Vehicle WhileParked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-41
Automatic Transmission
Automatic Transmission . . . . . 9-41
Manual Transmission
Manual Transmission . . . . . . . . 9-44
Drive Systems
Four-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46
Antilock Brake
System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-50
Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-51
Brake Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-51
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . . 9-52Ride Control Systems
Traction Control
System (TCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-52
StabiliTrak System . . . . . . . . . . . 9-53
Locking Rear Axle . . . . . . . . . . . 9-54
Locking Front Axle . . . . . . . . . . . 9-55Cruise Control
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-57
Object Detection Systems
Rear Vision
Camera (RVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-60
Fuel
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-64
Recommended Fuel . . . . . . . . . 9-64
Gasoline Specifications . . . . . . 9-65
California FuelRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-65
9-2
Driving and Operating
Fuels in Foreign Countries . . . 9-65
Fuel Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-65
Fuel E85 (85% Ethanol) . . . . . 9-66
Filling the Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-68
Filling a Portable FuelContainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-69
Towing
General Towing
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-70
Driving Characteristics and
Towing Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-70
Trailer Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-74
Towing Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 9-78
Trailer Recommendations . . . . 9-81Conversions and Add-Ons
Add-On Electrical
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-81
Driving Information
Defensive Driving Defensive driving means “always expect the unexpected.” The first step in driving defensively is to wear your safety belt, see Safety Belts on page 3‑10.
{ WARNING
Assume that other road users (pedestrians, bicyclists, and other drivers) are going to be careless and make mistakes. Anticipate what they might do and be ready. In addition:
. Allow enough following
distance between you and the driver in front of you.
. Focus on the task of driving.
(Continued)
WARNING (Continued)
Driver distraction can cause collisions resulting in injury or possible death. These simple defensive driving techniques could save your life.
Drunk Driving
{ WARNING Drinking and then driving is very dangerous. Your reflexes, perceptions, attentiveness, and judgment can be affected by even a small amount of alcohol. You can have a serious — or even fatal — collision if you drive after drinking. Do not drink and drive or ride with a driver who has been drinking. Ride home in a cab; or if you are with a group, designate a driver who will not drink.
Death and injury associated with drinking and driving is a global tragedy. Alcohol affects four things that anyone needs to drive a vehicle: judgment, muscular coordination, vision, and attentiveness. Police records show that almost 40 percent of all motor vehicle-related deaths involve alcohol. In most cases, these deaths are the result of someone who was drinking and driving. In recent years, more than 17,000 annual motor vehicle-related deaths have been associated with the use of alcohol, with about 250,000 people injured. For persons under 21, it is against the law in every U.S. state to drink alcohol. There are good medical, psychological, and developmental reasons for these laws. The obvious way to eliminate the leading highway safety problem is for people never to drink alcohol and then drive.
Medical research shows that alcohol in a person's system can make crash injuries worse, especially injuries to the brain, spinal cord, or heart. This means that when anyone who has been drinking — driver or passenger — is in a crash, that person's chance of being killed or permanently disabled is higher than if the person had not been drinking.
Control of a Vehicle The following three systems help to control the vehicle while driving — brakes, steering, and accelerator. At times, as when driving on snow or ice, it is easy to ask more of those control systems than the tires and road can provide. Meaning, you can lose control of the vehicle. See Traction Control System (TCS) on page 9‑52 and StabiliTrak System on page 9‑53.
Driving and Operating
9-3
Adding non‐dealer/non‐retailer accessories can affect vehicle performance. See Accessories and Modifications on page 10‑3.
Braking See Brake System Warning Light on page 5‑14 . Braking action involves perception time and reaction time. Deciding to push the brake pedal is perception time. Actually doing it is reaction time. Average reaction time is about three‐fourths of a second. But that is only an average. It might be less with one driver and as long as two or three seconds or more with another. Age, physical condition, alertness, coordination, and eyesight all play a part. So do alcohol, drugs, and frustration. But even in three‐fourths of a second, a vehicle moving at 100 km/h (60 mph) travels 20 m (66 ft).
9-4
Driving and Operating
That could be a lot of distance in an emergency, so keeping enough space between the vehicle and others is important. And, of course, actual stopping distances vary greatly with the surface of the road, whether it is pavement or gravel; the condition of the road, whether it is wet, dry, or icy; tire tread; the condition of the brakes; the weight of the vehicle; and the amount of brake force applied. Avoid needless heavy braking. Some people drive in spurts — heavy acceleration followed by heavy braking — rather than keeping pace with traffic. This is a mistake. The brakes might not have time to cool between hard stops. The brakes will wear out much faster with a lot of heavy braking. Keeping pace with the traffic and allowing realistic following distances eliminates a lot of unnecessary braking. That means better braking and longer brake life.
If the engine ever stops while the vehicle is being driven, brake normally but do not pump the brakes. If the brakes are pumped, the pedal could get harder to push down. If the engine stops, there will still be some power brake assist but it will be used when the brake is applied. Once the power assist is used up, it can take longer to stop and the brake pedal will be harder to push. Adding non‐dealer/non‐retailer accessories can affect vehicle performance. See Accessories and Modifications on page 10‑3.
Steering
Power Steering If power steering assist is lost because the engine stops or the power steering system is not functioning, the vehicle can be steered but it will take more effort.
Steering Tips It is important to take curves at a reasonable speed. Traction in a curve depends on the condition of the tires and the road surface, the angle at which the curve is banked, and vehicle speed. While in a curve, speed is the one factor that can be controlled. If there is a need to reduce speed, do it before entering the curve, while the front wheels are straight. Try to adjust the speed so you can drive through the curve. Maintain a reasonable, steady speed. Wait to accelerate until out of the curve, and then accelerate gently into the straightaway.
Steering in Emergencies There are times when steering can be more effective than braking. For example, you come over a hill and find a truck stopped in your lane, or a car suddenly pulls out from nowhere, or a child darts out from between parked cars and stops right in front of you. These problems can be avoided by braking — if you can stop in time. But sometimes you cannot stop in time because there is no room. That is the time for evasive action — steering around the problem. The vehicle can perform very well in emergencies like these. First apply the brakes. See Braking on page 9‑3 . It is better to remove as much speed as possible from a collision. Then steer around the problem, to the left or right depending on the space available.
Driving and Operating
9-5
Off-Road Recovery The vehicle's right wheels can drop off the edge of a road onto the shoulder while driving.
An emergency like this requires close attention and a quick decision. If holding the steering wheel at the recommended 9 and 3 o'clock positions, it can be turned a full 180 degrees very quickly without removing either hand. But you have to act fast, steer quickly, and just as quickly straighten the wheel once you have avoided the object. The fact that such emergency situations are always possible is a good reason to practice defensive driving at all times and wear safety belts properly.
If the level of the shoulder is only slightly below the pavement, recovery should be fairly easy. Ease off the accelerator and then, if there is nothing in the way, steer so that the vehicle straddles the edge of the pavement.
9-6
Driving and Operating
Turn the steering wheel 8 to 13 cm (3 to 5 inches), about one-eighth turn, until the right front tire contacts the pavement edge. Then turn the steering wheel to go straight down the roadway.
Loss of Control Let us review what driving experts say about what happens when the three control systems — brakes, steering, and acceleration — do not have enough friction where the tires meet the road to do what the driver has asked. In any emergency, do not give up. Keep trying to steer and constantly seek an escape route or area of less danger.
Skidding In a skid, a driver can lose control of the vehicle. Defensive drivers avoid most skids by taking reasonable care suited to existing conditions, and by not overdriving those conditions. But skids are always possible. The three types of skids correspond to the vehicle's three control systems. In the braking skid, the wheels are not rolling. In the steering or cornering skid, too much speed or steering in a curve causes tires to slip and lose cornering force. And in the acceleration skid, too much throttle causes the driving wheels to spin. If the vehicle starts to slide, ease your foot off the accelerator pedal and quickly steer the way you want the vehicle to go. If you start steering quickly enough, the vehicle may straighten out. Always be ready for a second skid if it occurs.
Of course, traction is reduced when water, snow, ice, gravel, or other material is on the road. For safety, slow down and adjust your driving to these conditions. It is important to slow down on slippery surfaces because stopping distance is longer and vehicle control more limited. While driving on a surface with reduced traction, try your best to avoid sudden steering, acceleration, or braking, including reducing vehicle speed by shifting to a lower gear. Any sudden changes could cause the tires to slide. You might not realize the surface is slippery until the vehicle is skidding. Learn to recognize warning clues — such as enough water, ice, or packed snow on the road to make a mirrored surface — and slow down when you have any doubt. Remember: Antilock brakes help avoid only the braking skid.
Off-Road Driving The airbag system is designed to work properly under a wide range of conditions, including off‐road usage. Always wear your safety belt and observe safe driving speeds, especially on rough terrain. Drinking and driving can be very dangerous on any road and this is certainly true for off-road driving. At the very time you need special alertness and driving skills, your reflexes, perceptions, and judgment can be affected by even a small amount of alcohol. You could have a serious — or even fatal — accident if you drink and drive or ride with a driver who has been drinking.
Off-roading can be great fun but has some definite hazards. The greatest of these is the terrain itself. When off-road driving, traffic lanes are not marked, curves are not banked, and there are no road signs. Surfaces can be slippery, rough, uphill, or downhill. Avoid sharp turns and abrupt maneuvers. Failure to operate the vehicle correctly off‐road could result in loss of vehicle control or vehicle rollover. Off-roading involves some new skills. That is why it is very important that you read these driving tips and suggestions to help make off-road driving safer and more enjoyable.
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9-7
Before You Go Off-Roading . Have all necessary maintenance
and service work done.
. Make sure there is enough fuel, that fluid levels are where they should be, and that the spare tire is fully inflated.
. Be sure to read all the
information about four-wheel-drive vehicles in this manual.
. Make sure all underbody
shields, if the vehicle has them, are properly attached.
. Know the local laws that apply
to off-roading where you will be driving or check with law enforcement people in the area.
. Be sure to get the necessary
permission if you will be on private land.
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Driving and Operating
Loading Your Vehicle for Off-Road Driving
{ WARNING
. Cargo on the load floor piled
higher than the seatbacks can be thrown forward during a sudden stop. You or your passengers could be injured. Keep cargo below the top of the seatbacks.
. Unsecured cargo on the load
floor can be tossed about when driving over rough terrain. You or your passengers can be struck by flying objects. Secure the cargo properly.
(Continued)
WARNING (Continued)
. Heavy loads on the roof raise the vehicle's center of gravity, making it more likely to roll over. You can be seriously or fatally injured if the vehicle rolls over. Put heavy loads inside the cargo area, not on the roof. Keep cargo in the cargo area as far forward and low as possible.
There are some important things to remember about how to load your vehicle.
The heaviest things should be on the floor, forward of the rear axle. Put heavier items as far forward as you can.
. Be sure the load is properly
secured, so things are not tossed around.
You will find other important information under Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑27 and Tires on page 10‑44. Environmental Concerns Off-road driving can provide wholesome and satisfying recreation. However, it also raises environmental concerns. We recognize these concerns and urge every off-roader to follow these basic rules for protecting the environment: . Always use established trails,
roads, and areas that have been specially set aside for public off-road recreational driving and obey all posted regulations.
. Avoid any driving practice that could damage shrubs, flowers, trees, or grasses or disturb wildlife. This includes wheel-spinning, breaking down trees, or unnecessary driving through streams or over soft ground.
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9-9
. Always carry a litter bag and
make sure all refuse is removed from any campsite before leaving. Take extreme care with open fires (where permitted), camp stoves, and lanterns.
. Never park your vehicle over
dry grass or other combustible materials that could catch fire from the heat of the vehicle's exhaust system.
Traveling to Remote Areas It makes sense to plan your trip, especially when going to a remote area. Know the terrain and plan your route. Get accurate maps of trails and terrain. Check to see if there are any blocked or closed roads.
It is also a good idea to travel with at least one other vehicle in case something happens to one of them. For vehicles with a winch, be sure to read the winch instructions. In a remote area, a winch can be handy if you get stuck but you will want to know how to use it properly. High Mobility Characteristics The H3 has a 22.3 cm (8.8 inch) running ground clearance (A), a 23.4 cm (9.2 inch) axle to ground clearance (B), and a low center of gravity. The H3T has a 24.1 cm (9.5 inch) running ground clearance (A), a 22.1 cm (8.7 inch) axle to ground clearance (B), and a low center of gravity.
9-10
Driving and Operating
The H3 has an approximate approach angle (A) of 37.4 degrees and an approximate departure angle (B) of 34.7 degrees, depending on suspension packages. The H3T has an approximate approach angle (A) of 37.1 degrees and an approximate departure angle (B) of 31 degrees, depending on suspension packages.
Design specifications required a minimum gradeability of 60% (31 degrees) slope, with the vehicle fully loaded, on high friction surfaces with maximum vehicle speed not to exceed 9.7 km/h (6 mph). The vehicle is expected to traverse this grade only for short durations. Never stop and idle the vehicle or park it on this grade.
The vehicle should be able to traverse a 40% (22 degrees) side slope at 9.7 km/h (6 mph) while fully loaded on high friction surfaces.
Brake and Accelerator Operation Techniques for Off-Road Driving
For logs, walls, rocks, severe ditches, hills, sand, etc. 1. Bring the vehicle to a complete
stop. Do not rev the engine.
2. Select the proper transmission
The vehicle can climb a 40.6 cm (16 inch) vertical step. Step climbing is best done by approaching the step at an angle rather than straight on.
3.
and transfer case gear range; usually 1 (First) gear, Four‐Wheel‐Low Lock for such obstacles. If wheel spin is experienced, maintain steady throttle, with your foot off the brake pedal, to allow the Traction Control System (TCS) to control the wheel spin. TCS might not operate if the brakes are applied.
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9-11
4.
If wheel spin cannot be controlled by the TCS system, fully press the brake pedal with your left foot so all wheel spin is stopped.
5. Back away from the obstacle so
that a new approach can be tried.
6. As the first wheel crosses
the obstacle, be prepared to alternate the brake and accelerator pedal to maintain control and avoid tire drop-off from obstacles. Repeat this process for the other wheels.
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Driving and Operating
For mounds, washouts, loose up-hill slopes, ditches, etc. When wheel spin occurs as the vehicle is moving, the driver may notice a slight shaking or shuddering of the vehicle. This should be stopped as soon as possible to prevent damage to vehicle components. This is the indication that a loss of traction is occurring on this terrain. The operator should: 1. Reduce speed and apply the
brakes.
2. Assess the terrain properly and adjust vehicle speed and gear ranges accordingly: Four‐Wheel High position for higher speeds and Four‐Wheel‐Low Lock for more torque and lower speeds. Transmission 1 (First) gear is generally recommended.
3. Apply slight pressure to the brake when the shaking or shuddering sensation is felt, keeping the vehicle moving in a controlled manner.
4. Be prepared to alternate
between braking and accelerating through the adverse terrain.
Getting Familiar with Off-Road Driving It is a good idea to practice in an area that is safe and close to home before you go into the wilderness. Off-roading requires some new and different skills. Tune your senses to different kinds of signals. Your eyes need to constantly sweep the terrain for unexpected obstacles. Your ears need to listen for unusual tire or engine sounds. Use your arms, hands, feet, and body to respond to vibrations and vehicle bounce.
Controlling the vehicle is the key to successful off-road driving. One of the best ways to control the vehicle is to control the speed. At higher speeds: . You approach things faster and
have less time to react. There is less time to scan the terrain for obstacles. The vehicle has more bounce when driving over obstacles.
. More braking distance is needed, especially on an unpaved surface.
{ WARNING
When you are driving off-road, bouncing and quick changes in direction can easily throw you out of position. This could cause you to lose control and crash. So, whether you are driving on or off the road, you and your passengers should wear safety belts.
Scanning the Terrain Off-road driving can take you over many different kinds of terrain. Be familiar with the terrain and its many different features. Surface Conditions: Off-roading surfaces can be hard-packed dirt, gravel, rocks, grass, sand, mud, snow, or ice. Each of these surfaces affects the vehicle's steering, acceleration, and braking in different ways. Depending on the surface, slipping, sliding, wheel spinning, delayed acceleration, poor traction, and longer braking distances can occur.
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When driving over bumps, rocks, or other obstacles, the wheels can leave the ground. If this happens, even with one or two wheels, you cannot control the vehicle as well or at all. Because you will be on an unpaved surface, it is especially important to avoid sudden acceleration, sudden turns, or sudden braking. Off-roading requires a different kind of alertness from driving on paved roads and highways. There are no road signs, posted speed limits, or signal lights. Use good judgment about what is safe and what is not.
Surface Obstacles: Unseen or hidden obstacles can be hazardous. A rock, log, hole, rut, or bump can startle you if you are not prepared for them. Often these obstacles are hidden by grass, bushes, snow, or even the rise and fall of the terrain itself. Some things to consider:
Is the path ahead clear?
. Will the surface texture change
abruptly up ahead?
. Does the travel take you uphill or
downhill?
. Will you have to stop suddenly
or change direction quickly? When driving over obstacles or rough terrain, keep a firm grip on the steering wheel. Ruts, troughs, or other surface features can jerk the wheel out of your hands.
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Driving and Operating
Crossing Obstacles
Roll The Tires Over Large Rocks
Approach Angle — a Key to Mobility
the vehicle over, one tire at a time. It may be necessary to modulate the brake pedal and accelerator to avoid spin-out. Ease the vehicle down from the log with the brake.
If you encounter a large dip in the terrain, do not enter straight on; enter at an angle — 15° minimum approach (A), 75° maximum approach angle (B). For very large dips, ditches or small washes, coast in, using the engine as a brake (transmission and transfer case lowest gears). Then, use the low ranges in the transmission and transfer case to power out.
Do not straddle large rocks; drive over them, letting the tire cover the rock. The tread of the tire is thicker and tougher than the sidewall of the tire and is more resilient to impact than underbody components.
Log Crossing Using the proper technique, the vehicle will cross logs up to 25.4 cm (10 inches) in diameter. Approach the log at approximately a 15° angle (A) with the transmission in 1 (First) and the transfer case in Four‐Wheel‐Low Lock and “walk”
Driving on Hills Off-road driving often takes you up, down, or across a hill. Driving safely on hills requires good judgment and an understanding of what the vehicle can and cannot do. There are some hills that simply cannot be driven, no matter how well built the vehicle.
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9-15
{ WARNING
Many hills are simply too steep for any vehicle. If you drive up them, you will stall. If you drive down them, you cannot control your speed. If you drive across them, you will roll over. You could be seriously injured or killed. If you have any doubt about the steepness, do not drive the hill.
Approaching a Hill When you approach a hill, decide if it is too steep to climb, descend, or cross. Steepness can be hard to judge. On a very small hill, for example, there may be a smooth, constant incline with only a small change in elevation where you can easily see all the way to the top. On a large hill, the incline may get steeper as you near the top, but you might not see this because the crest of the hill is hidden by bushes, grass, or shrubs.
Consider this as you approach a hill:
Is there a constant incline, or does the hill get sharply steeper in places? Is there good traction on the hillside, or will the surface cause tire slipping? Is there a straight path up or down the hill so you will not have to make turning maneuvers?
. Are there obstructions on the hill
that can block your path, such as boulders, trees, logs, or ruts? . What is beyond the hill? Is there
a cliff, an embankment, a drop-off, a fence? Get out and walk the hill if you do not know. It is the smart way to find out. Is the hill simply too rough? Steep hills often have ruts, gullies, troughs, and exposed rocks because they are more susceptible to the effects of erosion.
See Hill Start Assist (HSA) on page 9‑52 for information on vehicles stopped on a grade. Driving Uphill Once you decide it is safe to drive up the hill: . Use transmission and transfer
case low gear and get a firm grip on the steering wheel.
. Get a smooth start up the hill and try to maintain speed. Not using more power than needed can avoid spinning the wheels or sliding. Let the traction system work to control any wheel slippage. The traction control system allows for moderate wheel spin with some capability to dig in and power up the hill.
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Driving and Operating
. Do not continue if the vehicle
. Attach a flag to the vehicle to be
shudders or exhibits suspension hopping. This can cause damage to the driveline or suspension components. Improper driving technique is not covered by the vehicle warranty.
{ WARNING
more visible to approaching traffic on trails or hills.
. Sound the horn as you approach the top of the hill to let opposing traffic know you are there.
. Use headlamps even during the
day to make the vehicle more visible to oncoming traffic.
Turning or driving across steep hills can be dangerous. You could lose traction, slide sideways, and possibly roll over. You could be seriously injured or killed. When driving up hills, always try to go straight up.
Try to drive straight up the hill if at all possible. If the path twists and turns, you might want to find another route.
. Ease up on the speed as you
approach the top of the hill.
{ WARNING
Driving to the top (crest) of a hill at full speed can cause an accident. There could be a drop-off, embankment, cliff, or even another vehicle. You could be seriously injured or killed. As you near the top of a hill, slow down and stay alert.
If the vehicle stalls, or is about to stall, and you cannot make it up the hill: . Push the brake pedal to stop the vehicle and keep it from rolling backwards and apply the parking brake. If the engine is still running, shift the transmission to R (Reverse), release the parking brake, and slowly back down the hill in R (Reverse). If the engine has stopped running, you need to restart it. With the brake pedal pressed, apply the parking brake. If the vehicle has an automatic transmission, shift the transmission to P (Park). Restart the engine. Then, shift to R (Reverse), release the parking brake, and slowly back down the hill as straight as possible in R (Reverse).
. While backing down the hill, put
. Never try to turn around if about
your left hand on the steering wheel at the 12 o'clock position so you can tell if the wheels are straight and can maneuver as you back down. It is best to back down the hill with the wheels straight rather than in the left or right direction. Turning the wheel too far to the left or right will increase the possibility of a rollover.
Things not to do if the vehicle stalls, or is about to stall, when going up a hill: . Never attempt to prevent a stall
by shifting into N (Neutral) to rev-up the engine and regain forward momentum. This will not work. The vehicle can roll backward very quickly and could go out of control.
to stall when going up a hill. If the hill is steep enough to stall the vehicle, it is steep enough to cause it to roll over. If you cannot make it up the hill, back straight down the hill.
If, after stalling, you try to back down the hill and decide you just cannot do it, set the parking brake. If the vehicle has an automatic transmission, shift to P (Park). Turn off the engine. Leave the vehicle and go get some help. Exit on the uphill side and stay clear of the path the vehicle would take if it rolled downhill. Do not shift the transfer case to Neutral when you leave the vehicle. Leave it in some gear.
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9-17
{ WARNING
Shifting the transfer case to Neutral can cause your vehicle to roll even if the transmission is in P (Park). This is because the Neutral position on the transfer case overrides the transmission. You or someone else could be injured. If you are going to leave your vehicle, set the parking brake and shift the transmission to P (Park). But do not shift the transfer case to Neutral.
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Driving and Operating
Driving Downhill When off-roading takes you downhill, consider: . How steep is the downhill?
Will I be able to maintain vehicle control?
. What is the surface like?
Smooth? Rough? Slippery? Hard-packed dirt? Gravel?
. Are there hidden surface obstacles? Ruts? Logs? Boulders?
. What is at the bottom of the hill? Is there a hidden creek bank or even a river bottom with large rocks?
If you decide you can go down a hill safely, try to keep the vehicle headed straight down. Use a low gear so engine drag can help the brakes so they do not have to do all the work. Descend slowly, keeping the vehicle under control at all times.
{ WARNING
Heavy braking when going down a hill can cause your brakes to overheat and fade. This could cause loss of control and a serious accident. Apply the brakes lightly when descending a hill and use a low gear to keep vehicle speed under control.
Things not to do when driving down a hill: . When driving downhill, avoid turns that take you across the incline of the hill. A hill that is not too steep to drive down might be too steep to drive across. The vehicle could roll over.
. Never go downhill with the transmission in N (Neutral), called free-wheeling. The brakes will have to do all the work and could overheat and fade.
Vehicles are much more likely to stall when going uphill, but if it happens when going downhill: 1. Stop the vehicle by applying the
regular brakes and apply the parking brake.
2. With an automatic transmission,
shift to P (Park). While still braking, restart the engine.
3. Shift back to a low gear, release
the parking brake, and drive straight down. If the engine will not start, get out and get help.
4.
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9-19
Driving Across an Incline An off-road trail will probably go across the incline of a hill. To decide whether to try to drive across the incline, consider the following:
{ WARNING
Driving across an incline that is too steep will make your vehicle roll over. You could be seriously injured or killed. If you have any doubt about the steepness of the incline, do not drive across it. Find another route instead.
. A hill that can be driven straight up or down might be too steep to drive across. When going straight up or down a hill, the length of the wheel base — the distance from the front wheels to the rear wheels — reduces the likelihood the vehicle will tumble end over end. But when driving
across an incline, the narrower track width — the distance between the left and right wheels — might not prevent the vehicle from tilting and rolling over. Driving across an incline puts more weight on the downhill wheels which could cause a downhill slide or a rollover.
. Surface conditions can be a
problem. Loose gravel, muddy spots, or even wet grass can cause the tires to slip sideways, downhill. If the vehicle slips sideways, it can hit something that will trip it — a rock, a rut, etc. — and roll over.
. Hidden obstacles can make the
steepness of the incline even worse. If you drive across a rock with the uphill wheels, or if the downhill wheels drop into a rut or depression, the vehicle can tilt even more.
For these reasons, carefully consider whether to try to drive across an incline. Just because the trail goes across the incline does not mean you have to drive it. The last vehicle to try it might have rolled over. If you feel the vehicle starting to slide sideways, turn downhill. This should help straighten out the vehicle and prevent the side slipping. The best way to prevent this is to “walk the course” first, so you know what the surface is like before driving it.
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Driving and Operating
Stalling on an Incline { WARNING
Getting out on the downhill (low) side of a vehicle stopped across an incline is dangerous. If the vehicle rolls over, you could be crushed or killed. Always get out on the uphill (high) side of the vehicle and stay well clear of the rollover path.
If the vehicle stalls when crossing an incline, be sure you, and any passengers, get out on the uphill side, even if the door there is harder to open. If you get out on the downhill side and the vehicle starts to roll over, you will be right in its path. If you have to walk down the slope, stay out of the path the vehicle will take if it does roll over.
Driving in Mud, Sand, Snow, or Ice When you drive in mud, snow, or sand, the wheels do not get good traction. Acceleration is not as quick, turning is more difficult, and braking distances are longer. It is best to use a low gear when in mud — the deeper the mud, the lower the gear. In really deep mud, keep the vehicle moving so it does not get stuck. When driving on sand, wheel traction changes. On loosely packed sand, such as on beaches or sand dunes, the tires will tend to sink into the sand. This affects steering, accelerating, and braking. Drive at a reduced speed and avoid sharp turns or abrupt maneuvers.
Hard packed snow and ice offer the worst tire traction. On these surfaces, it is very easy to lose control. On wet ice, for example, the traction is so poor that you will have difficulty accelerating. And, if the vehicle does get moving, poor steering and difficult braking can cause it to slide out of control.
{ WARNING
Driving on frozen lakes, ponds,
