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A vehicle model base weight is 5,500 lbs (2 495 kg); 2,800 lbs (1 270 kg) at the front axle and 2,700 lbs (1 225 kg) at the rear axle. It has a GVWR of 7,200 lbs (3 266 kg), a RGAWR of 4,000 lbs (1 814 kg) and a GCWR (Gross Combination Weight Rating) of 14,000 lbs (6 350 kg). The trailer rating should be:
Expect tongue weight to be at least 10 percent of trailer weight (850 lbs (386 kg)) and because the weight is applied well behind the
rear axle, the effect on the rear axle is greater than just the weight itself, as much as 1.5 times as much. The weight at the rear axle could be 850 lbs (386 kg) X 1.5 = 1,275 lbs (578 kg). Since the rear axle already weighs 2,700 lbs (1 225 kg), adding 1,275 lbs (578 kg) brings the total to 3,975 lbs (1 803 kg). This is very close to, but within the limit for RGAWR as well. The vehicle is set to trailer up to 8,500 lbs (3 856 kg).
If the vehicle has many options and there is a front seat passenger and two rear seat passengers with some luggage and gear in the vehicle as well, 300 lbs (136 kg) could be added to the front axle weight and 400 lbs (181 kg) to the rear axle weight. The vehicle now weighs:
Weight is still below 7,200 lbs (3 266 kg) and you might think 700 additional pounds (318 kg) should be subtracted from the trailering capacity to stay within GCWR limits. The maximum trailer would only be 7,800 lbs (3 538 kg). You may go further and think the tongue weight should be limited
Driving Your Vehicle
4-47
to less than 1,000 lbs (454 kg) to avoid exceeding GVWR. But the effect on the rear axle must still be considered. Because the rear axle now weighs 3,100 lbs (1 406 kg), 900 lbs (408 kg) can be put on the rear axle without exceeding RGAWR. The effect of tongue weight is about 1.5 times the actual weight. Dividing the 900 lbs (408 kg) by 1.5 leaves only 600 lbs (272 kg) of tongue weight that can be handled. Since tongue weight is usually at least 10 percent of total loaded trailer weight, expect that the largest trailer the vehicle can properly handle is 6,000 lbs (2 721 kg). It is important that the vehicle does not exceed any of its ratings — GCWR, GVWR, RGAWR, Maximum Trailer Rating or Tongue Weight. The only way to be sure it is not exceeding any of these ratings is to weigh the vehicle and trailer.
4-48
Driving Your Vehicle
Safety Chains Always attach chains between the vehicle and the trailer. Cross the safety chains under the tongue of the trailer to help prevent the tongue from contacting the road if it becomes separated from the hitch. Always leave just enough slack so the rig can turn. Never allow safety chains to drag on the ground.
Trailer Brakes A loaded trailer that weighs more than 1,500 lbs (680 kg) needs to have its own brake system that is adequate for the weight of the trailer. Be sure to read and follow the instructions for the trailer brakes so they are installed, adjusted and maintained properly.
Driving with a Trailer Towing a trailer requires a certain amount of experience. Get to know the rig before setting out for the open road. Get acquainted with the feel of handling and braking with the added weight of the trailer. And always keep in mind that the vehicle you are driving is now longer and not as responsive as the vehicle is by itself. Before starting, check all trailer hitch parts and attachments, safety chains, electrical connectors, lamps, tires and mirror adjustments. If the trailer has electric brakes, start the vehicle and trailer moving and then apply the trailer brake controller by hand to be sure the brakes are working. This checks the electrical connection at the same time. During the trip, check occasionally to be sure that the load is secure, and that the lamps and any trailer brakes are still working.
Following Distance Stay at least twice as far behind the vehicle ahead as you would when driving the vehicle without a trailer. This can help to avoid situations that require heavy braking and sudden turns.
Passing More passing distance is needed when towing a trailer. Because the rig is longer, it is necessary to go much farther beyond the passed vehicle before returning to the lane.
Backing Up Hold the bottom of the steering wheel with one hand. Then, to move the trailer to the left, move that hand to the left. To move the trailer to the right, move your hand to the right. Always back up slowly and, if possible, have someone guide you.
Making Turns Notice: Making very sharp turns while trailering could cause the trailer to come in contact with the vehicle. The vehicle could be damaged. Avoid making very sharp turns while trailering. When turning with a trailer, make wider turns than normal. Do this so the trailer won’t strike soft shoulders, curbs, road signs, trees or other objects. Avoid jerky or sudden maneuvers. Signal well in advance. Turn Signals When Towing a Trailer The arrows on the instrument panel flash whenever signaling a turn or lane change. Properly hooked up, the trailer lamps also flash, telling other drivers the vehicle is turning, changing lanes or stopping.
When towing a trailer, the arrows on the instrument panel flash for turns even if the bulbs on the trailer are burned out. For this reason you may think other drivers are seeing the signal when they are not. It is important to check occasionally to be sure the trailer bulbs are still working.
Driving On Grades Reduce speed and shift to a lower gear before starting down a long or steep downgrade. If the transmission is not shifted down, the brakes might have to be used so much that they would get hot and no longer work well. Vehicles with an automatic transmission can tow in D (Drive). Shift the transmission to a lower gear if the transmission shifts too often under heavy loads and/or hilly conditions. For vehicles with a manual transmission, it is better not to use the highest gear.
Driving Your Vehicle
4-49
When towing at high altitude on steep uphill grades, consider the following: Engine coolant will boil at a lower temperature than at normal altitudes. If the engine is turned off immediately after towing at high altitude on steep uphill grades, the vehicle may show signs similar to engine overheating. To avoid this, let the engine run while parked, preferably on level ground, with the automatic transmission in P (Park) for a few minutes before turning the engine off. For vehicles with manual transmissions, let the engine run while parked, preferably on level ground, with the transmission out of gear and the parking brake applied, for a few minutes before turning the engine off. If the overheat warning comes on, see Engine Overheating on page 5-27.
4-50
Driving Your Vehicle
Parking on Hills
{ CAUTION
Parking the vehicle on a hill with the trailer attached can be dangerous. If something goes wrong, the rig could start to move. People can be injured, and both the vehicle and the trailer can be damaged. When possible, always park the rig on a flat surface.
If parking the rig on a hill: 1. Press the brake pedal, but do
not shift into P (Park) yet for vehicles with an automatic transmission, or into gear for vehicles with a manual transmission. Turn the wheels into the curb if facing downhill or into traffic if facing uphill.
2. Have someone place chocks
under the trailer wheels.
3. When the wheel chocks are in place, release the brake pedal until the chocks absorb the load.
4. Reapply the brake pedal.
Then apply the parking brake and shift into P (Park) for vehicles with an automatic transmission or into gear for vehicles with a manual transmission.
5. Release the brake pedal.
Leaving After Parking on a Hill The vehicle has a Hill Start Assist feature, which may be useful when stopped on a grade. See Braking on page 4-3 for more information. 1. Apply and hold the brake pedal
while you:
start the engine, shift into a gear, and release the parking brake.
2. Let up on the brake pedal. 3. Drive slowly until the trailer is
clear of the chocks.
4. Stop and have someone pick up
and store the chocks.
(cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) Maintenance When Trailer Towing The vehicle needs service more often when pulling a trailer. See this manual’s Maintenance Schedule or Index for more information. Things that are especially important in trailer operation are automatic transmission fluid, engine oil, axle lubricant, belts, cooling system and brake system. It is a good idea to inspect these before and during the trip. Check periodically to see that all hitch nuts and bolts are tight.
Trailer Wiring Harness Light-Duty Trailer Wiring Package If the vehicle does not have a trailer towing package, the chassis harness will contain the following blunt cut circuits: (cid:129) Yellow: Left Stop/Turn Signal (cid:129) Dark Green: Right Stop/Turn
Signal
(cid:129) White: Ground (cid:129) Brown: Tail Lamps To add a trailer towing wiring package, have it installed by your dealer/retailer or a qualiï¬ed service center. Also, see Add-On Electrical Equipment on page 5-91
for more information.Driving Your Vehicle
4-51
Heavy-Duty Trailer Wiring Package
If the vehicle has a trailer towing package, the rear bumper harness will have a seven-pin universal heavy-duty trailer connector attached to a bracket on the hitch platform.
4-52
Driving Your Vehicle
The trailer towing harness contains the following seven trailer circuits: (cid:129) Yellow: Left Stop/Turn Signal (cid:129) Dark Green: Right Stop/Turn
Signal
Four-Wire Harness Adapter If towing a light-duty trailer with a standard four-way, flat pin connector, an adapter is available from your dealer/retailer.
(cid:129) Brown: Taillamps (cid:129) White: Ground
Light Green: Back-up Lamps
(cid:129) Red: Battery Feed (cid:129) Dark Blue: Trailer Brake If charging a remote (non-vehicle) battery, turn on the headlamps to boost the vehicle system voltage to properly charge the battery.
Connect the adapter to the seven-pin universal heavy-duty trailer connector attached to the bracket on the hitch platform. The flip cap on the vehicle’s harness locks onto the tab and helps hold the adapter in place. Plug the four-way pin connector onto the adapter.
Hold the adapter with the tab pointing up.
(cid:129) Driving Your Vehicle
4-53
Trailer Brake Control Wiring Harness The trailer brake control wiring harness is located under the instrument panel to the right of the steering column. The wires are taped to the harness that goes to the courtesy light under the instrument panel. The harness has the following wires: (cid:129) Red Wire: AUX B+ (cid:129) Black Wire: Ground
Light Blue Wire: Brake Signal (cid:129) Dark Blue Wire: Trailer Brakes
Trailer Recommendations Subtract the hitch loads from the Cargo Weight Rating (CWR). CWR is the maximum weight of the load the vehicle can carry. It does not include the weight of the people inside, but you can ï¬gure about 150 lbs. (68 kg) for each passenger. The total cargo load must not be more than the vehicles CWR. Weigh the vehicle with the trailer attached, so the GVWR or GAWR are not exceeded. If using a weight-distributing hitch, weigh the vehicle without the spring bars in place. The best performance is obtained by correctly spreading out the weight of the load and choosing the correct hitch and trailer brakes. For more information see Towing a Trailer on page 4-42.
(cid:129) 4-54
Driving Your Vehicle
✠NOTES
Service and Appearance Care
Service Service ...............................5-3
Accessories and Modiï¬cations .....................5-3
California Proposition 65 Warning .......................5-4
California Perchlorate Materials Requirements .....5-4
Doing Your Own Service Work ....................5-4
Adding Equipment to the Outside of the Vehicle ........5-5Fuel Fuel ....................................5-5
Gasoline Octane .................5-5
Gasoline Speciï¬cations .......5-5
California Fuel ....................5-5
Additives .............................5-6Service and Appearance Care
5-1
Fuels in Foreign Countries ..........................5-7
Filling the Tank ...................5-7
Filling a Portable Fuel Container ..........................5-8Checking Things Under the Hood Checking Things Under the Hood ..........................5-9
Hood Release .....................5-9
Engine Compartment Overview .........................5-10
Engine Oil .........................5-13
Engine Oil Life System .....5-15
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter ...5-17
Automatic Transmission Fluid ................................5-18
Manual Transmission Fluid ................................5-20
Hydraulic Clutch ................5-21
Cooling System .................5-22
Engine Coolant .................5-23
Engine Overheating ...........5-27
Engine Fan Noise .............5-28
Power Steering Fluid .........5-29
Windshield Washer Fluid ...5-30Brakes ..............................5-30
Battery ..............................5-33
Jump Starting ...................5-34
Rear Axle Rear Axle .........................5-38
Four-Wheel Drive Four-Wheel Drive ..............5-38
Front Axle Front Axle .........................5-39
Headlamp Aiming Headlamp Aiming ..............5-39
Bulb Replacement Bulb Replacement .............5-41
Halogen Bulbs ..................5-41
Headlamps ........................5-41
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Stoplamps and Back-up Lamps (H3) .....................5-42
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Stoplamps and Back-up Lamps (H3T) ...................5-42
License Plate Lamp ..........5-43
Replacement Bulbs ...........5-435-2
Service and Appearance Care
Windshield Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield Wiper Blade Replacement ...................5-44
Tires Tires .................................5-44
Tire Sidewall Labeling .......5-45
Tire Terminology and Deï¬nitions .......................5-48
Inflation - Tire Pressure ....5-51
Tire Pressure Monitor System ............................5-52
Tire Pressure Monitor Operation ........................5-54
Tire Inspection and Rotation ..........................5-57
When It Is Time for New Tires .......................5-58
Buying New Tires .............5-59
Different Size Tires and Wheels ............................5-61
Uniform Tire Quality Grading ...........................5-62Wheel Alignment and Tire Balance ...........................5-63
Wheel Replacement ..........5-64
Tire Chains .......................5-65
If a Tire Goes Flat ............5-66
Changing a Flat Tire .........5-66
Removing the Spare Tire and Tools (H3) ................5-68
Removing the Spare Tire and Tools (H3T) ..............5-69
Removing the Flat Tire and Installing the Spare Tire .......................5-72
Secondary Latch System (H3T) ..................5-76
Storing a Flat or Spare Tire and Tools (H3) .........5-78
Storing a Flat or Spare Tire and Tools (H3T) .......5-80
Spare Tire ........................5-82
Appearance Care Interior Cleaning ................5-83
Fabric/Carpet ....................5-84
Leather .............................5-85Instrument Panel, Vinyl, and Other Plastic Surfaces ..........................5-85
Care of Safety Belts .........5-85
Weatherstrips ....................5-86
Washing Your Vehicle .......5-86
Cleaning Exterior Lamps/ Lenses ............................5-86
Finish Care .......................5-86
Windshield, Backglass, and Wiper Blades ............5-87
Aluminum or Chrome-Plated Wheels and Trim .........................5-88
Tires .................................5-89
Sheet Metal Damage ........5-89
Finish Damage ..................5-89
Underbody Maintenance ....5-89
Chemical Paint Spotting ....5-90
Vehicle Identiï¬cation Vehicle Identiï¬cation Number (VIN) ..................5-90
Service Parts Identiï¬cation Label ...........5-90Service and Appearance Care
5-3
Service For service and parts needs, visit your dealer/retailer. You will receive genuine GM parts and GM-trained and supported service people. Genuine GM parts have one of these marks:
Electrical System Add-On Electrical Equipment .......................5-91
Windshield Wiper Fuses ....5-91
Power Windows and Other Power Options .......5-91
Fuses and Circuit Breakers .........................5-91
Engine Compartment Fuse Block ......................5-92Capacities and Speciï¬cations Capacities and Speciï¬cations ..................5-96
Accessories and Modiï¬cations When non-dealer/non-retailer accessories are added to the vehicle, they can affect vehicle performance and safety, including such things as airbags, braking, stability, ride and handling, emissions systems, aerodynamics, durability, and electronic systems like antilock brakes, traction control, and stability control. Some of these accessories could even cause malfunction or damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. Damage to vehicle components resulting from the installation or use of non-GM certiï¬ed parts, including control module modiï¬cations, are not covered under the terms of the vehicle warranty and may affect remaining warranty coverage for affected parts.
5-4
Service and Appearance Care
GM Accessories are designed to complement and function with other systems on the vehicle. Your GM dealer/retailer can accessorize the vehicle using genuine GM Accessories. When you go to your GM dealer/retailer and ask for GM Accessories, you will know that GM-trained and supported service technicians will perform the work using genuine GM Accessories. Also, see Adding Equipment to Your Airbag-Equipped Vehicle on page 1-58.
California Proposition 65
Warning Most motor vehicles, including this one, contain and/or emit chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.Engine exhaust, many parts and systems (including some inside the vehicle), many fluids, and some component wear by-products contain and/or emit these chemicals.
California Perchlorate Materials Requirements Certain types of automotive applications, such as airbag initiators, seat belt pretensioners, and lithium batteries contained in remote keyless transmitters, may contain perchlorate materials. Special handling may be necessary. For additional information, see www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/ perchlorate.
Doing Your Own Service Work
{ CAUTION
You can be injured and the vehicle could be damaged if you try to do service work on a vehicle without knowing enough about it.
(cid:129) Be sure you have sufficient knowledge, experience, the proper replacement parts, and tools before attempting any vehicle maintenance task. (cid:129) Be sure to use the proper
nuts, bolts, and other fasteners. English and metric fasteners can be easily confused. If the wrong fasteners are used, parts can later break or fall off. You could be hurt.
If doing some of your own service work, use the proper service manual. It tells you much more about how to service the vehicle than this manual can. To order the proper service manual, see Service Publications Ordering Information on page 7-15. This vehicle has an airbag system. Before attempting to do your own service work, see Servicing Your Airbag-Equipped Vehicle on page 1-58. Keep a record with all parts receipts and list the mileage and the date of any service work performed. See Maintenance Record on page 6-16.
Adding Equipment to the Outside of the Vehicle Things added to the outside of the vehicle can affect the airflow around it. This can cause wind noise and can affect fuel economy and windshield washer performance. Check with your dealer/retailer before adding equipment to the outside of the vehicle.
Service and Appearance Care
5-5
Fuel Use of the recommended fuel is an important part of the proper maintenance of this vehicle. To help keep the engine clean and maintain optimum vehicle performance, we recommend the use of gasoline advertised as TOP TIER Detergent Gasoline.
Gasoline Octane Use regular unleaded gasoline with a posted octane rating of 87 or higher. If the octane rating is less than 87, you might notice an audible knocking noise when you drive, commonly referred to as spark knock. If this occurs, use a gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher as soon as possible. If you are using gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher and you hear heavy knocking, the engine needs service.
Gasoline Speciï¬cations At a minimum, gasoline should meet ASTM speciï¬cation D 4814 in the United States or CAN/CGSB-3.5 or 3.511 in Canada. Some gasolines contain an octane-enhancing additive called methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). We recommend against the use of gasolines containing MMT. See Additives on page 5-6 for additional information.
California Fuel If the vehicle is certiï¬ed to meet California Emissions Standards, it is designed to operate on fuels that meet California speciï¬cations. See the underhood emission control label. If this fuel is not available in states adopting California emissions standards, the vehicle will operate satisfactorily on fuels meeting federal speciï¬cations, but emission control system performance might be affected.
5-6
Service and Appearance Care
The malfunction indicator lamp could turn on and the vehicle might fail a smog-check test. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp on page 3-30. If this occurs, return to your authorized dealer/retailer for diagnosis. If it is determined that the condition is caused by the type of fuel used, repairs might not be covered by the vehicle warranty.
Additives To provide cleaner air, all gasolines in the United States are now required to contain additives that help prevent engine and fuel system deposits from forming, allowing the emission control system to work properly. In most cases, you should not have to add anything to the fuel. However, some gasolines contain only the minimum amount of additive required to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations. To help keep fuel injectors and intake valves clean, or
if the vehicle experiences problems due to dirty injectors or valves, look for gasoline that is advertised as TOP TIER Detergent Gasoline. For customers who do not use TOP TIER Detergent Gasoline regularly, one bottle of GM Fuel System Treatment PLUS, added to the fuel tank at every engine oil change, can help clean deposits from fuel injectors and intake valves. GM Fuel System Treatment PLUS is the only gasoline additive recommended by General Motors. Also, your dealer/retailer has additives that will help correct and prevent most deposit-related problems. Gasolines containing oxygenates, such as ethers and ethanol, and reformulated gasolines might be available in your area. We recommend that you use these gasolines, if they comply with the speciï¬cations described earlier.
However, E85 (85% ethanol) and other fuels containing more than 10% ethanol must not be used in vehicles that were not designed for those fuels. Notice: This vehicle was not designed for fuel that contains methanol. Do not use fuel containing methanol. It can corrode metal parts in the fuel system and also damage plastic and rubber parts. That damage would not be covered under the vehicle warranty. Some gasolines that are not reformulated for low emissions can contain an octane-enhancing additive called methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT); ask the attendant where you buy gasoline whether the fuel contains MMT. We recommend against the use of such gasolines. Fuels containing MMT can reduce the life of spark plugs and the performance
Service and Appearance Care
5-7
of the emission control system could be affected. The malfunction indicator lamp might turn on. If this occurs, return to your dealer/retailer for service.
Fuels in Foreign Countries If you plan on driving in another country outside the United States or Canada, the proper fuel might be hard to ï¬nd. Never use leaded gasoline or any other fuel not recommended in the previous text on fuel. Costly repairs caused by use of improper fuel would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. To check the fuel availability, ask an auto club, or contact a major oil company that does business in the country where you will be driving.
Filling the Tank
{ CAUTION
Fuel vapor burns violently and a fuel ï¬re can cause bad injuries. To help avoid injuries to you and others, read and follow all the instructions on the pump island. Turn off the engine when you are refueling. Do not smoke if you are near fuel or refueling the vehicle. Do not use cellular phones. Keep sparks, flames, and smoking materials away from fuel. Do not leave the fuel pump unattended when refueling the vehicle. This is against the law in some places. Do not re-enter the vehicle while pumping fuel. Keep children away from the fuel pump; never let children pump fuel.
The fuel cap is located on the driver side of the vehicle. To remove the fuel cap, turn it slowly counterclockwise. While refueling, let the fuel cap hang by the tether, if it has one.
5-8
Service and Appearance Care
{ CAUTION
Fuel can spray out on you if you open the fuel cap too quickly. If you spill fuel and then something ignites it, you could be badly burned. This spray can happen if the tank is nearly full, and is more likely in hot weather. Open the fuel cap slowly and wait for any hiss noise to stop. Then unscrew the cap all the way.
Be careful not to spill fuel. Do not top off or overï¬ll the tank and wait a few seconds after you have ï¬nished pumping before removing the nozzle. Clean fuel from painted surfaces as soon as possible. See Washing Your Vehicle on page 5-86.
When replacing the fuel cap, turn it clockwise until it clicks. Make sure the cap is fully installed. The diagnostic system can determine if the fuel cap has been left off or improperly installed. This would allow fuel to evaporate into the atmosphere. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp on page 3-30. The FUEL CAP message displays on the Driver Information Center (DIC) if the fuel cap is not properly installed. See DIC Warnings and Messages on page 3-37 for more information.
{ CAUTION
If a ï¬re starts while you are refueling, do not remove the nozzle. Shut off the flow of fuel by shutting off the pump or by notifying the station attendant. Leave the area immediately.
If you need a new fuel
Notice: cap, be sure to get the right type. Your dealer/retailer can get one for you. If you get the wrong type, it may not ï¬t properly. This may cause the malfunction indicator lamp to light and may damage the fuel tank and emissions system. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp on page 3-30.
Filling a Portable Fuel Container
{ CAUTION
Never ï¬ll a portable fuel container while it is in the vehicle. Static electricity discharge from the container can ignite the fuel
(Continued)
CAUTION (Continued)
vapor. You can be badly burned and the vehicle damaged if this occurs. To help avoid injury to you and others:
(cid:129) Dispense fuel only into
approved containers.
(cid:129) Do not ï¬ll a container while
it is inside a vehicle, in a vehicle’s trunk, pickup bed, or on any surface other than the ground.
(cid:129) Bring the ï¬ll nozzle in contact
with the inside of the ï¬ll opening before operating the nozzle. Contact should be maintained until the ï¬lling is complete.
(cid:129) Do not smoke while
pumping fuel.
(cid:129) Do not use a cellular phone
while pumping fuel.
Service and Appearance Care
5-9
Checking Things Under the Hood { CAUTION
An electric fan under the hood can start up and injure you even when the engine is not running. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.
{ CAUTION
Things that burn can get on hot engine parts and start a ï¬re. These include liquids like fuel, oil, coolant, brake fluid, windshield washer and other fluids, and plastic or rubber. You or others could be burned. Be careful not to drop or spill things that will burn onto a hot engine.
Hood Release To open the hood:
1. Pull the handle with this symbol
on it. It is located inside the vehicle on the lower left side of the instrument panel.
2. Release the secondary latch on the hood. It is located below the front center of the hood.
3. Lift the hood. Before closing the hood, be sure all the ï¬ller caps are on properly. Then pull the hood down and close it ï¬rmly.
5-10
Service and Appearance Care
Engine Compartment Overview When you open the hood on the 3.7L engine, this is what you will see:
Service and Appearance Care
5-11
A. Windshield Washer Fluid
Reservoir. See “Adding Washer Fluid†under Windshield Washer Fluid on page 5-30.
B. Engine Coolant Recovery Tank.
See Engine Coolant on page 5-23.
C. Engine Air Cleaner/Filter on
page 5-17.
D. Power Steering Fluid Reservoir.
See Power Steering Fluid on page 5-29.
E. Automatic Transmission Fluid
Dipstick (If Equipped). See “Checking the Fluid Level†under Automatic Transmission Fluid on page 5-18.
F. Engine Oil Fill Cap. See “When
to Add Engine Oil†under Engine Oil on page 5-13.
G. Radiator Pressure Cap. See Cooling System on page 5-22.
H. Remote Negative (−) Terminal (GND). See Jump Starting on page 5-34.
I. Engine Oil Dipstick. See
“Checking Engine Oil†under Engine Oil on page 5-13.
J. Positive (+) Battery Terminal.
See Jump Starting on page 5-34.
K. Brake Fluid Reservoir.
See “Brake Fluid†under Brakes on page 5-30.
L. Engine Compartment Fuse Block
on page 5-92.
M. Battery on page 5-33. N. Hydraulic Clutch Fluid Reservoir
(If Equipped). See Hydraulic Clutch on page 5-21.
5-12
Service and Appearance Care
When you open the hood on the 5.3L engine, this is what you will see:
Service and Appearance Care
5-13
A. Engine Air Cleaner/Filter on
page 5-17.
B. Air Filter Restriction Indicator (If Equipped). See Engine Air Cleaner/Filter on page 5-17.
C. Windshield Washer Fluid
Reservoir. See “Adding Washer Fluid†under Windshield Washer Fluid on page 5-30.
D. Engine Coolant Recovery Tank.
See Engine Coolant on page 5-23.
E. Automatic Transmission
Fluid Dipstick (If Equipped). See “Checking the Fluid Level†under Automatic Transmission Fluid on page 5-18.
F. Engine Oil Dipstick. See
“Checking Engine Oil†under Engine Oil on page 5-13.
G. Engine Oil Fill Cap. See “When to Add Engine Oil†under Engine Oil on page 5-13.
H. Brake Fluid Reservoir.
See “Brake Fluid†under Brakes on page 5-30.
I. Battery on page 5-33. J. Power Steering Fluid Reservoir.
See Power Steering Fluid on page 5-29.
K. Engine Compartment Fuse Block
on page 5-92.
L. Radiator Pressure Cap. See Cooling System on page 5-22.
Engine Oil Checking Engine Oil It is a good idea to check the engine oil every time you get fuel. In order to get an accurate reading, the oil must be warm and the vehicle must be on level ground. The engine oil dipstick handle is a yellow loop. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for the location of the engine oil dipstick. 1. Turn off the engine and give the oil several minutes to drain back into the oil pan. If you do not do this, the oil dipstick might not show the actual level.
2. Pull out the dipstick and clean it
with a paper towel or cloth, then push it back in all the way. Remove it again, keeping the tip down, and check the level.
5-14
Service and Appearance Care
When to Add Engine Oil
What Kind of Engine Oil to Use Look for three things:
See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for the location of the engine oil ï¬ll cap. Add enough oil to put the level somewhere in the proper operating range. Push the dipstick all the way back in when you are through.
If the oil is below the cross-hatched area (L), add at least one quart/liter of the recommended oil. This section explains what kind of oil to use. For engine oil crankcase capacity, see Capacities and Speciï¬cations on page 5-96. Notice: Do not add too much oil. If the engine has so much oil that the oil level gets above the cross-hatched area that shows the proper operating range, the engine could be damaged.
Service and Appearance Care
5-15
(cid:129) GM6094M
Use only an oil that meets GM Standard GM6094M.
(cid:129) SAE 5W-30
SAE 5W-30 is best for the vehicle. These numbers on an oil container show its viscosity, or thickness. Do not use other viscosity oils such as SAE 20W-50.
(cid:129) American Petroleum Institute
(API) starburst symbol
Oils meeting these requirements should have the starburst symbol on the container. This symbol indicates that the oil has been certiï¬ed by the American Petroleum Institute (API).
Notice: Use only engine oil identiï¬ed as meeting GM Standard GM6094M and showing the American Petroleum Institute Certiï¬ed For Gasoline Engines starburst symbol. Failure to use the recommended oil can result in engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty.
Cold Temperature Operation If in an area of extreme cold, where the temperature falls below −20°F (−29°C), use either an SAE 5W-30
synthetic oil or an SAE 0W-30
engine oil. Both provide easier cold starting for the engine at extremely low temperatures. Always use an oil that meets the required speciï¬cation, GM6094M. See “What Kind of Engine Oil to Use†for more information.Engine Oil Additives / Engine Oil Flushes Do not add anything to the oil. The recommended oils with the starburst symbol that meet GM Standard GM6094M are all that is needed for good performance and engine protection. Engine oil system flushes are not recommended and could cause engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty.
Engine Oil Life System When to Change Engine Oil This vehicle has a computer system that indicates when to change the engine oil and ï¬lter. This is based on engine revolutions and engine temperature, and not on mileage. Based on driving conditions, the mileage at which an oil change is indicated can vary considerably. For the oil life system to work properly, the system must be reset every time the oil is changed.
5-16
Service and Appearance Care
When the system has calculated that oil life has been diminished, it indicates that an oil change is necessary. A CHANGE OIL message comes on. See DIC Warnings and Messages on page 3-37. Change the oil as soon as possible within the next 600 miles (1 000 km). It is possible that, if driving under the best conditions, the oil life system might not indicate that an oil change is necessary for over a year. However, the engine oil and ï¬lter must be changed at least once a year and at this time the system must be reset. Your dealer/retailer has trained people who will perform this work using genuine parts and reset the system. It is also important to check the oil regularly and keep it at the proper level. If the system is ever reset accidentally, the oil must be changed at 3,000 miles (5 000 km) since the last oil change. Remember to reset the oil life system whenever the oil is changed.
How to Reset the Engine Oil Life System The Engine Oil Life System calculates when to change the engine oil and ï¬lter based on vehicle use. Whenever the oil is changed, reset the system so it can calculate when the next oil change is required. If a situation occurs where the oil is changed prior to a CHANGE OIL message being turned on, reset the system. To reset the Engine Oil Life system: 1. With the engine off, turn the
ignition to ON/RUN.
2. Press and release the stem in
the lower center of the instrument cluster until the OIL LIFE message is displayed.
3. Once the alternating OIL LIFE and RESET messages appear, press and hold the stem until several beeps sound. This conï¬rms that the oil life system has been reset.
4. Turn the key to LOCK/OFF.
If the CHANGE OIL message comes back on when the vehicle is started, the engine oil life system has not reset. Repeat the procedure. See DIC Warnings and Messages on page 3-37. What to Do with Used Oil Used engine oil contains certain elements that can be unhealthy for your skin and could even cause cancer. Do not let used oil stay on your skin for very long. Clean your skin and nails with soap and water, or a good hand cleaner. Wash or properly dispose of clothing or rags containing used engine oil. See the manufacturer’s warnings about the use and disposal of oil products. Used oil can be a threat to the environment. If you change your own oil, be sure to drain all the oil from the ï¬lter before disposal. Never dispose of oil by putting it in the trash, pouring it on the ground, into sewers, or into streams or bodies of water. Recycle it by taking it to a place that collects used oil.
Service and Appearance Care
5-17
See Scheduled Maintenance on page 6-4 for more information. If you are driving in dusty/dirty conditions, inspect the ï¬lter at each engine oil change. How to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter To inspect or replace the engine air cleaner/ï¬lter: 1. Unfasten the clips that hold the cover on and remove the cover.
2. Lift out the engine air
cleaner/ï¬lter.
3. Inspect or replace the air ï¬lter. See Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 6-14 to determine which ï¬lter to use.
4. Reinstall the engine air
cleaner/ï¬lter cover. Fasten the clips to hold the cover in place.
{ CAUTION
Operating the engine with the air cleaner/ï¬lter off can cause you or others to be burned. The air cleaner not only cleans the air; it helps to stop flames if the engine backï¬res. If it is not there and the engine backï¬res, you could be burned. Do not drive with it off, and be careful working on the engine with the air cleaner/ï¬lter off.
If the air cleaner/ï¬lter
Notice: is off, a backï¬re can cause a damaging engine ï¬re. And, dirt can easily get into the engine, which will damage it. Always have the air cleaner/ï¬lter in place when you are driving.
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter
3.7 L shown (5.3 L similar)
The engine air cleaner/ï¬lter is located in the engine compartment on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for more information on location. When to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter Inspect the air cleaner/ï¬lter at the Maintenance II intervals and replace it at the ï¬rst oil change after each 50,000 mile (80 000 km) interval.
5-18
Service and Appearance Care
Automatic Transmission Fluid When to Check and Change Automatic Transmission Fluid A good time to check the automatic transmission fluid level is when the engine oil is changed. Change the fluid and ï¬lter at the intervals listed in Additional Required Services on page 6-6, and be sure to use the transmission fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-12. How to Check Automatic Transmission Fluid Because this operation can be a little difficult, you may choose to have this done at the dealer/retailer service department. If adding it yourself, be sure to follow all the instructions here, or there could be a false reading on the dipstick.
Notice: Too much or too little fluid can damage your transmission. Too much can mean that some of the fluid could come out and fall on hot engine parts or exhaust system parts, starting a ï¬re. Too little fluid could cause the transmission to overheat. Be sure to get an accurate reading if you check your transmission fluid. Wait at least 30 minutes before checking the transmission fluid level if you have been driving: (cid:129) When outside temperatures are
above 90°F (32°C).
(cid:129) At high speed for quite a while.
In heavy traffic — especially in hot weather.
(cid:129) While pulling a trailer. To get the right reading, the fluid should be at normal operating temperature, which is 180°F to 200°F (82°C to 93°C).
Get the vehicle warmed up by driving about 15 miles (24 km) when outside temperatures are above 50°F (10°C). If it is colder than 50°F (10°C), drive the vehicle in 3 (Third) until the engine temperature gage moves and then remains steady for 10 minutes. A cold fluid check can be made after the vehicle has been sitting for eight hours or more with the engine off, but this is used only as a reference. Let the engine run at idle for ï¬ve minutes if outside temperatures are 50°F (10°C) or more. If it is colder than 50°F (10°C), the engine might have to idle longer. Should the fluid level be low during this cold check, check the fluid hot before adding fluid. Checking the fluid hot gives a more accurate reading of the fluid level.
(cid:129) Checking the Fluid Level To prepare the vehicle: 1. Park the vehicle on a level place.
Keep the engine running.
2. With the parking brake applied, place the shift lever in P (Park).
3. With your foot on the brake pedal, move the shift lever through each gear range, pausing for about three seconds in each range. Then, position the shift lever in P (Park).
4. Let the engine run at idle for
three minutes or more.
Then, without shutting off the engine: 1. Flip the handle up and then pull out the dipstick and wipe it with a clean rag or paper towel.
Service and Appearance Care
5-19
cross-hatched area, for a cold check or in the HOT or cross-hatched area for a hot check. Be sure to keep the dipstick pointed down to get an accurate reading.
4. If the fluid level is in the acceptable range, push the dipstick back in all the way; then flip the handle down to lock the dipstick in place. How to Add Automatic Transmission Fluid Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine what kind of transmission fluid to use. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-12. Add fluid only after checking the transmission fluid while it is hot. A cold check is used only as a reference. If the fluid level is low, add only enough of the proper fluid to bring the level up to the HOT area for a hot check.
The automatic transmission dipstick handle with this symbol on it is located in the engine compartment on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for more information on location.
2. Push it back in all the way, wait three seconds, and pull it back out again.
3. Check both sides of the dipstick,
and read the lower level. The fluid level must be in the COLD area, below the
5-20
Service and Appearance Care
It does not take much fluid, generally less than one pint (0.5 L). Do not overï¬ll. Notice: Use of the incorrect automatic transmission fluid may damage the vehicle, and the damages may not be covered by the vehicle’s warranty. Always use the automatic transmission fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-12. (cid:129) After adding fluid, recheck the fluid level as described under “How to Check Automatic Transmission Fluid,†earlier in this section.
(cid:129) When the correct fluid level is
obtained, push the dipstick back in all the way; then flip the handle down to lock the dipstick in place.
Manual Transmission Fluid When to Check A good time to check the manual transmission fluid is when the engine oil is changed. However, the fluid in the manual transmission does not require changing.
How to Check Because this operation can be a little difficult, you may choose to have this done at your GM dealer/retailer service department. If doing it yourself, be sure to follow all the instructions here, or there could be a false reading.
Notice: Too much or too little fluid can damage your transmission. Too little fluid could cause the transmission to overheat. Be sure to get an accurate reading if you check your transmission fluid. To check the fluid: 1. Park the vehicle on a level
surface, then shut the engine off. Let the vehicle sit until the transmission case is cool enough to touch.
2. Remove the ï¬ller plug.
3. Check that the lubricant level is up to the bottom of the ï¬ller plug hole.
4. If the fluid level is good, install the plug and be sure it is fully seated. If the fluid level is low, add more fluid as described in the next steps.
How to Add Fluid Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine what kind of fluid to use. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-12. 1. Remove the ï¬ller plug. 2. Add fluid at the ï¬ller plug hole. Add only enough fluid to bring the fluid level up to the bottom of the ï¬ller plug hole.
3. Install the ï¬ller plug. Be sure the
plug is fully seated.
Service and Appearance Care
5-21
Hydraulic Clutch The hydraulic clutch linkage in the vehicle is self-adjusting. The clutch master cylinder reservoir is ï¬lled with hydraulic clutch fluid.
When to Check and What to Use
The hydraulic clutch fluid reservoir cap has this symbol on it. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for reservoir location. It is not necessary to regularly check clutch fluid unless a leak in the system is suspected. Adding fluid will not correct a leak. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired.
Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine how often to check the fluid level in the clutch master cylinder reservoir and for the proper fluid. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-12.
How to Check and Add Fluid The proper fluid should be added if the level does not reach the bottom of the diaphragm when it is in place in the reservoir. See the instructions on the reservoir cap.
5-22
Service and Appearance Care
Cooling System The cooling system allows the engine to maintain the correct working temperature.
3.7L Engine
A. Coolant Recovery Tank B. Engine Cooling Fan C. Radiator Pressure Cap
5.3L Engine
A. Coolant Recovery Tank B. Radiator Pressure Cap C. Engine Cooling Fan
{ CAUTION
An electric engine cooling fan under the hood can start up even when the engine is not running and can cause injury. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.
{ CAUTION
Heater and radiator hoses, and other engine parts, can be very hot. Do not touch them. If you do, you can be burned. Do not run the engine if there is a leak. If you run the engine, it could lose all coolant. That could cause an engine ï¬re, and you could be burned. Get any leak ï¬xed before you drive the vehicle.
Notice: Using coolant other than DEX-COOL® can cause premature engine, heater core, or radiator corrosion. In addition, the engine coolant could require changing sooner, at 30,000 miles (50 000 km) or 24 months, whichever occurs ï¬rst. Any repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use DEX-COOL® (silicate-free) coolant in the vehicle.
Service and Appearance Care
5-23
Engine Coolant The cooling system in the vehicle is ï¬lled with DEX-COOL® engine coolant. This coolant is designed to remain in the vehicle for ï¬ve years or 150,000 miles (240 000 km), whichever occurs ï¬rst. The following explains the cooling system and how to check and add coolant when it is low. If there is a problem with engine overheating, see Engine Overheating on page 5-27.
What to Use
{ CAUTION
Adding only plain water to the cooling system can be dangerous. Plain water, or some other liquid such as alcohol, can boil before the proper coolant mixture will.
(Continued)
CAUTION (Continued)
The vehicle’s coolant warning system is set for the proper coolant mixture. With plain water or the wrong mixture, the engine could get too hot but you would not get the overheat warning. The engine could catch ï¬re and you or others could be burned. Use a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL® coolant.
Use a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant. If using this mixture, nothing else needs to be added. This mixture: (cid:129) Gives freezing protection down
to −34°F (−37°C), outside temperature.
(cid:129) Gives boiling protection up to
265°F (129°C), engine temperature.
(cid:129) Protects against rust and
corrosion.
(cid:129) Will not damage aluminum parts. (cid:129) Helps keep the proper engine
temperature.
If an improper coolant
Notice: mixture is used, the engine could overheat and be badly damaged. The repair cost would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Too much water in the mixture can freeze and crack the engine, radiator, heater core, and other parts. Notice: and/or additives are used in the vehicle’s cooling system, the vehicle could be damaged. Use only the proper mixture of the engine coolant listed in this manual for the cooling system. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-12 for more information.
If extra inhibitors
5-24
Service and Appearance Care
Checking Coolant The vehicle must be on a level surface when checking the coolant level.
The coolant recovery tank cap has this symbol on it. It is located toward the rear of the engine compartment on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for more information on location. Check to see if coolant is visible in the coolant recovery tank. If the coolant inside the coolant recovery tank is boiling, do not do anything
else until it cools down. If coolant is visible but the coolant level is not at or above the FULL COLD mark, add a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant at the coolant recovery tank, but be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done. The vehicle must be on a level surface. When the engine is cold, the coolant level should be at FULL COLD, or a little higher. When the engine is warm, the level could be above the FULL COLD level. When the engine is cold, the coolant level should be at least up to the FULL COLD mark. If it is not, there could be a leak in the cooling system.
How to Add Coolant to the Recovery Tank
{ CAUTION
You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Do not spill coolant on a hot engine.
Notice: This vehicle has a speciï¬c coolant ï¬ll procedure. Failure to follow this procedure could cause the engine to overheat and be severely damaged. When the coolant in the coolant recovery tank is at the FULL COLD mark, start the vehicle. If coolant is needed, add the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture at the coolant recovery tank.
Service and Appearance Care
5-25
How to Add Coolant to the Radiator
{ CAUTION
An electric engine cooling fan under the hood can start up even when the engine is not running and can cause injury. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.
{ CAUTION Steam and scalding liquids from a hot cooling system can blow out and burn you badly.
(Continued)
CAUTION (Continued)
They are under pressure, and if you turn the surge tank pressure cap — even a little — they can come out at high speed. Never turn the cap when the cooling system, including the surge tank pressure cap, is hot. Wait for the cooling system and surge tank pressure cap to cool if you ever have to turn the pressure cap.
If coolant is needed, add the proper mixture directly to the radiator, but be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done.
1. Remove the radiator pressure cap when the cooling system, including the upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise about one full turn. If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left.
2. Keep turning the cap to
remove it.
5-26
Service and Appearance Care
3. Fill the radiator with the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture, up to the base of the ï¬ller neck. See Engine Coolant on page 5-23 for more information about the proper coolant mixture.
5. Reinstall the cap on the coolant
recovery tank, but leave the radiator pressure cap off.
4. Fill the coolant recovery tank to
the FULL COLD mark.
6. Start the engine and let it run
until you can feel the upper radiator hose getting hot. Watch out for the engine cooling fan.
7. By this time, the coolant level inside the radiator ï¬ller neck might be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture through the ï¬ller neck until the level reaches the base of the ï¬ller neck.
8. Then replace the pressure cap. At any time during this procedure if coolant begins to flow out of the ï¬ller neck, reinstall the pressure cap. Notice: tightly installed, coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured.
If the pressure cap is not
Service and Appearance Care
5-27
The air conditioning might stop working if the engine is too hot. This is normal and helps cool the engine. Notice: Engine damage from running the engine without coolant is not covered by the warranty. Notice: because of being driven with no coolant, your vehicle can be badly damaged. The costly repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty.
If the engine catches ï¬re
Engine Overheating The vehicle has an indicator to warn of engine overheating. A coolant temperature gage is displayed on the instrument panel. See Engine Coolant Temperature Gage on page 3-29. You may decide not to lift the hood when this warning appears, but instead get service help right away. See Roadside Service on page 7-6. If you do decide to lift the hood, make sure the vehicle is parked on a level surface. Then check to see if the engine cooling fans are running. If the engine is overheating, both fans should be running. If they are not, do not continue to run the engine and have the vehicle serviced.
If Steam Is Coming From The Engine Compartment { CAUTION
Steam from an overheated engine can burn you badly, even if you just open the hood. Stay away from the engine if you see or hear steam coming from it. Just turn it off and get everyone away from the vehicle until it cools down. Wait until there is no sign of steam or coolant before you open the hood. If you keep driving when your engine is overheated, the liquids in it can catch ï¬re. You or others could be badly burned. Stop your engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool.
5-28
Service and Appearance Care
If No Steam Is Coming From The Engine Compartment If an engine overheat warning is displayed but no steam can be seen or heard, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when the vehicle: (cid:129) Climbs a long hill on a hot day. (cid:129) Stops after high-speed driving. Idles for long periods in traffic. Tows a trailer. See “Driving on Grades†under Towing a Trailer on page 4-42.
If the overheat warning is displayed with no sign of steam: 1. Turn the air conditioning off. 2. Turn the heater on to the highest
temperature and to the highest fan speed. Open the windows as necessary.
3. In heavy traffic, let the engine idle
in N (Neutral) while stopped. If it is safe to do so, pull off the road, shift to P (Park) or N (Neutral) and let the engine idle.
If the temperature overheat gage is no longer in the overheat zone or an overheat warning no longer displays, the vehicle can be driven. Continue to drive the vehicle slow for about 10 minutes. Keep a safe vehicle distance from the car in front of you. If the warning does not come back on, continue to drive normally. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park the vehicle right away. If there is no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while parked. If the warning is still displayed, turn off the engine until it cools down.
Engine Fan Noise This vehicle has a clutched engine cooling fan. When the clutch is engaged, the fan spins faster to provide more air to cool the engine. In most everyday driving conditions, the clutch is not engaged. This improves fuel economy and reduces fan noise. Under heavy vehicle loading, trailer towing and/or high outside temperatures, the fan speed increases when the clutch engages. So you may hear an increase in fan noise. This is normal and should not be mistaken as the transmission slipping or making extra shifts. It is merely the cooling system functioning properly. The fan will slow down when additional cooling is not required and the clutch disengages. You may also hear this fan noise when you start the engine. It will go away as the fan clutch disengages.
(cid:129) (cid:129) Service and Appearance Care
5-29
What to Use To determine what kind of fluid to use, see Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-12. Always use the proper fluid. Notice: Use of the incorrect fluid may damage the vehicle and the damages may not be covered by the vehicle’s warranty. Always use the correct fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-12.
How to Check Power Steering Fluid 1. Turn the key off and let the
engine compartment cool down. 2. Wipe the cap and the top of the
reservoir clean.
3. Unscrew the cap and wipe the
dipstick with a clean rag.
4. Replace the cap and completely
tighten it.
5. Then remove the cap again and
look at the fluid level on the dipstick.
The level should be between the ADD and FULL marks. If necessary, add only enough fluid to bring the level up to the proper range.
Power Steering Fluid
See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for reservoir location. When to Check Power Steering Fluid It is not necessary to regularly check power steering fluid unless a leak in the system is suspected or an unusual noise is heard. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired.
5-30
Service and Appearance Care
Windshield Washer Fluid What to Use When windshield washer fluid is needed, be sure to read the manufacturer’s instructions before use. If operating the vehicle in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing.
Adding Washer Fluid
Notice: (cid:129) When using concentrated
washer fluid, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for adding water.
(cid:129) Do not mix water with
ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage your washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system. Also, water does not clean as well as washer fluid. Fill the washer fluid tank only three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.
Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for reservoir location.
(cid:129) Do not use engine coolant
(antifreeze) in your windshield washer. It can damage the vehicle’s windshield washer system and paint.
Brakes Brake Fluid
The brake master cylinder reservoir is ï¬lled with DOT-3 brake fluid. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for the location of the reservoir. There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down:
The brake fluid level goes down because of normal brake lining wear. When new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up.
(cid:129) A fluid leak in the brake hydraulic system can also cause a low fluid level. Have the brake hydraulic system ï¬xed, since a leak means that sooner or later the brakes will not work well.
(cid:129) (cid:129) Service and Appearance Care
5-31
Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.
{ CAUTION
If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system. See “Checking Brake Fluid†in this section.
Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine when to check the brake fluid. See Scheduled Maintenance on page 6-4.
Checking Brake Fluid Check brake fluid by looking at the brake fluid reservoir. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10. The fluid level should be above MIN. If it is not, have the brake hydraulic system checked to see if there is a leak. After work is done on the brake hydraulic system, make sure the level is above the MIN but not over the MAX mark.
What to Add Use only new DOT-3 brake fluid from a sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-12. Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. This helps keep dirt from entering the reservoir.
