1993 GMC Sierra Owners Manual

short that would damage the battery and maybe other parts, too.

or a metal engine part. Don’t connect

(t) to (-)

Fans or other moving engine parts can injure you badly. Keep your hands away from moving parts once the engines are running.

6. Connect the red positive

(t) cable to the positive

(t) terminal of the

a remote positive (t) terminal if the

vehicle with the dead battery. Use vehicle has one.

5-5

Problents on the Road

Dead Battery

Good Battery

7. Don’t let the other end touch metal. Connect

terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive vehicle has one.

it to the positive (+)

(+) terminal if the

K2504

8. Now connect the black negative

(-)

cable to the good battery’s negative

terminal.

(-) Don’t let the other end touch anything until the next step. The other end of the negative cable doesn’t go to the dead battery. It goes to a heavy unpainted metal part on the engine of the vehicle with the dead battery. the dead battery, is just as

18 inches (45 cm) away from but not near engine parts that move. The electrical connection good there, but the chance less.

of sparks getting back to the battery is much

9. Attach the cable at least

5-6

Good Battery

Dead Battery

10. Now start the vehicle with the

awhile.

good battery and run the engine

for

K2506

11. Try to start the vehicle with the dead battery.

If it won’t start after a few tries,

it probably needs service.

12. Remove the cables

in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting.

Take care that they don’t touch each other

or any other metal.

REMOVE CABLES IN THIS ORDER

5-7

Problenrs on the Road

Towing Your Vehicle Try to have a GM dealer or a professional towing service tow your vehicle. They can provide the right equipment and know how to tow age. If your vehicle has been changed since like fog lamps, aero skirting, or special tires and wheels, these things be damaged during towing. Before you do anything, turn on the hazard warning flashers. When you call, tell the towing service:

it was factory-new, by adding things

it without dam-

could

or that it has the four-wheel drive

That your vehicle has rear-wheel drive, option. The make, model, and year of your vehicle. Whether you can move the shift lever for the transmission and transfer case, if you have one. If there was an accident, what was damaged.

I A To help avoid injury

to you or others:

is being towed.

in a vehicle that

Never let passengers ride Never tow faster than safe or posted speeds. Never tow with damaged parts not fully secured. Never get under your vehicle after truck. Always use separate safety chains on each side when towing a vehicle.

it has been lifted by the tow

off. The steering in a straight-ahead position, with a clamping device the vehicle’s steering column lock for if you have one, should be

When your vehicle is being towed, have the ignition key wheel should be clamped designed for towing service. Do not use this. The transmission and transfer case, tral and the parking brake released. If you have a two-wheel drive vehicle, don’t have your vehicle towed on the rear wheels, unless you must. If the vehicle must be towed on the rear 35 mph (56 km/h) or farther than wheels, don’t go more than krn) or your transmission will be damaged. then the rear drive wheels have to be supported on a dolly.

If these limits must be exceeded,

50 miles (80

in Neu-

5-8

If your vehicle has the four-wheel-drive option and the transfer case is engaged, a dolly must be used under the rear wheels when towing from the front. Engine Overheating You will find a coolant temperature gage on your vehicle instrument panel. you have a diesel engine, you will also instrument panel. If Steam Is Coming From Your Engine:

find a low coolant light on your

If

K2509

I CAUTION A Steam from an overheated engine can burn you badly, even

if you if you see or hear

it off and get everyone away from

it cools down. Wait until there is no sign of steam

just open the hood. Stay away from the engine steam coming from it. Just turn the vehicle until or coolant before opening the hood. If you keep driving when your engine is overheated, the liquids can catch fire. You or others could be badly burned. Stop your engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool.

in it

5-9

Problems on the Road

T- ! costly rep;

If your engine catches fire because you keep driving with no coolant, your vehicle can be bac"lI damaged. by your warranty. If No Steam Is Coming From Your Engine: If you get the overheat warning but see or hear no steam, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when you:

1 would not be Iverec

day.

Climb a long hill on a hot Stop after high speed driving. Idle for long periods Tow a trailer.

in traffic.

If you get the overheat warning with no sign of steam, try this for a minute or so:

1. If you have an air conditioner, turn 2. Turn on your heater to full hot at the highest fan speed and open the

it off.

window as necessary.

3. If you're in a traffic jam, shift

to N (Neutral).

on, you

to be safe,

If the warning doesn't come back

If you no longer have the overheat warning, you can drive. Just drive slower for about ten minutes. can drive normally. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park your vehicle right away. If there's still no sign about twice as fast as normal idle speed. Bring the engine speed back normal idle speed after two or three minutes. Now see But then, EVERYONE OUT OF THE VEHICLE until it cools down. You may decide not

to if the warning stops. if you still have the warning, TURN OFF THE ENGINE AND GET

of steam, push the accelerator until the engine speed is

to lift the hood but to get service help right away.

5-1 0

Cooling System

PO21 0

When you decide it’s safe

to lift the hood, here’s what you’ll see:

A. Coolant recovery tank B. Radiator pressure cap C. Engine fan CAUTION ‘ 4 An electric fan under the hood can start up even when the engine is

not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any electric fan.

If the coolant inside else until it cools down.

the coolant recovery tank

is boiling, don’t do anything

5-1 1

I

‘ !b P 4

LL

PO593

The coolant level should be at have a leak somewhere else

in the cooling system.

in the radiator hoses, heater hoses, radiator, water pump

the COLD mark. If it isn’t, you may or

or above

Heater and radiator hoses, and other engine parts, can be very hot. Don’t touch them. If you Don’t run the engine lose all coolant. That could cause burned. Get any leak fixed before you drive the vehicle.

do, you can be burned.

if there is a leak.

If you run the engine,

an engine fire, and you could be

it cou

-,

I I

NOTICE Engine damage from running your engine without coolant isn’t covered by I your warranty. If there seems to be no leak, check to see have one) is running. If it isn’t, your vehicle needs service. Start the engine again to see If it doesn’t, your vehicle needs service. Turn How to Add Coolant to the Coolant Recovery Tank If you haven’t found a problem yet, but the coolant level isn’t at or above COLD, add a 50hO mixture of clean water (preferably distilled) and a proper

If the engine is overheating, the fan should be running.

if the regular fan runs when the engine does.

if the electric engine fan

off the engine.

(if you

5-1 2

antifreeze at the coolant recovery tank. (See “Coolant” information about the proper coolant mix.)

in the Index for more

* Adding only plain water to your cooling system can be dangerous. like alcohol, can boil before the vehicle’s coolant warning system is

Plain water, or some other liquid proper coolant mix will. Your for the proper coolant mix. With engine could get too hot but you wouldn’t get the overheat warning, Your engine could catch fire and you or others could be burned. 7 50/50 mix of clean water and a proper antifreeze.

plain water or the wrong mix, your

I ln cold weather, water can freeze and crack the engine, radiator, heater :ore and other parts. Use the recommended coolant.

USE

PO206

I * You can be burned

A contains ethylene glycol and

if you spill coolant on hot engine parts.

CoolQni

it will burn

if the engine parts are hut

enough. Don’t spill coolant on a hot engine.

When the coolant in the coolant recovery vehicle.

is at or above COLD, start your

5-1 3

If the overheat warning continues, there’s one more thing you can try. can add the proper coolant mix directly to the radiator, but be sure the radiator is cool before you

do it.

You

K2Jll

I-

‘ Steam and scalding liquids from a hot cooling system can blow out

and burn you badly. They are under pressure, and radiator pressure cap-even a little-they can come out at high speed. Never turn the cap when the cooling system, including the radiator pressure cap, is hot. Wait for the cooling system and radiator pressure cap to cool

if you ever have to turn the pressure cap.

if you turn the

. . . .

How to Add Coolant to the Radiator

1. You can remove the radiator pressure cap when the cooling system,

the pressure cap slowly to the

including the radiator pressure cap and upper radiator hose is no longer hot. Turn press down while turning the pressure cap.) If you hear a hiss, wait for that pressure left.

to stop. A hiss means there is still some

left until it first stops. (Don’t

5-1 4

1

2. Then keep turning the pressure cap, but now push down as

Remove the pressure cap.

PO244 you turn it.

K2341

3. Fill the radiator with the proper mix, up 4. Then fill the coolant recovery tank to 5. Put the cap back on the coolant recovery tank, but leave the radiator

COLD.

to the base of the filler neck.

pressure cap off.

5-1 5

Prob/ems on the Road

e;

K2550

6. Start the engine and let

it run until you can feel the upper radiator hose

getting hot. Watch out for the engine fan(s).

7. By this time, the coolant level inside the radiator filler neck may be

lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper mix through the filler neck until the level reaches the base

of the filler neck.

8. Then replace the pressure cap.

line up like this.

Be sure the arrows on the pressure cap

K2515

5-1 6

is engaged, to cool the engine. In most every day

andlor high

So

is merely the

It will go away

slow down when additional

to provide more air

clutch disengages.

an increase in fan noise. This is normal and should not be

noise when you start the engine.

to “blow out” while you’re driving, especially

Engine Fan Noise This vehicle has a clutched engine cooling fan. When the clutch the fan spins faster driving conditions the clutch is not engaged. This improves fuel economy and reduces fan noise. Under heavy vehicle loading, trailer towing outside temperatures, the fan speed increases when the clutch engages. you may hear mistaken as the transmission slipping or making extra shifts. It cooling system functioning properly. The fan will cooling is not required and the clutch disengages. You may also hear this fan as the fan If a Tire Goes Fiat It’s unusual for a tire maintain your tires properly. If air goes out leak out slowly. But about what to expect and what If a that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the steering wheel firmly. Steer to maintain lane position, then gently brake the traffic lane. A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a require the same correction you’d use in a skid. your foot from the accelerator pedal. Get the way you want you can still steer. Gently brake If your tire goes flat, the next part shows how to change a flat tire safely. Changing a Flat Tire If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly level place. Turn on your hazard warning flashers.

the vehicle to go. It may be very bumpy and noisy, but

if you should ever have a “blowout,” here

of a tire, it’s much more likely

front tire fails, the

to a stop, well off

to do:

skid and may

flat tire will create a drag that pulls the vehicle toward

the road if possible.

to a stop well out

to use your jacking equipment

if you

to are a few tips

In any rear blowout, remove

the‘vehicle under control by steering

to a

of

5-1 7

Pmb/ems on the Road

vnu I IVII A Changing a tire can cause an injury. The vehicle can slip

off the iac

and roll over you or other people. injured. Find a level dace .. fehicle from m

, to ,dbanr

You and they could be badly

voy&&g. To heh Drevent tt-

E - , > 1 -

-ut the shift lever in P (P hift a manual transmission

3.

to 1 (First) ur r never

To be even more certain the vehicle won’t move, you can put chocks at the front and rear of the tire farthest away from the one being changed. That would be the tire on the other side the opposite end.

of the vehicle, at

AM545004

The following steps will tell you how to use the jack and change a tire. The equipment you’ll need is behind the passenger’s seat. stowed under the truck or behind the driver

on the side of the truck bed.

Your spare tire is

5-1 8

JACKING TOOL STORAGE (TWO AND FOUR DOOR MODELS)

NUT -* &#

TOOL RETAINER

EXTENSION

WRENCH JACK & TOOL

JACK & TOOL COVER

EXTENSION

TOOL RETAINER

JACK & TOOL STORAGE BOX

JACKING TOOL STORAGE

WHEEL

WRENCH RATCHET

JACKING (CHASSIS MODELS)

I UUL s I UHAUt CAB

JACK

5-1 9

PB008

Problenrs on the Road

Jack Storage Your jack and wheel ratchet are behind the passenger seat. Turn. the wing nut counterclockwise and remove the cover Spare Tire

if there is one.

K2517

to the

Your spare tire is either underneath the rear inside of the bed on the driver’s side. information from the body supplier/installer. The spare tire

is a full size tire, like the other tires’ on your vehicle.

of the vehicle, or mounted If you have a chassis cab, refer to the

5-20

Underbody Carrier I CAUTION

To help avoid personal injury and property damage, never remove restow a tire fromho a stowage position under the vehicle while the vehicle is supported by a jack. Always the underside of the vehicle when restowing.

tighten the tire fully against

or

To Remove the Spare Tire

The ratchet has an

UP marking and a DOWN marking.

K2535

5-2 1

Problems on the Road

"I

K2536

DOWN marking facing you,

Attach the ratchet, with the Put the chisel end rear bumper. Be sure Turn the ratchet to the left until the spare tire can be pulled out from under the vehicle.

of the wheel wrench on an angle through the hole the wheel wrench connects into the hoist shaft.

to lower the spare

tire. Keep turning the ratchet

to the wheel wrench.

in the

When the tire has been lowered, tilt the retainer at the end pull it through the wheel opening.

K2537

of the cable and

5-22

Fickup Bed Mounting

To remove the spare tire:

it comes off. 1. Turn the nut counterclockwise until , 2. Pull the tire off of the bolt and remove it from the bed. Chanaina the Tire

K2518

Start with the- jack, the jack handle and the ratchet. rear of the vehicle, you’ll need the jack handle extensions also.

If the flat tire is on the

K2519

’

5-23

A

LL

' 2

Attach the jack handle (and jack handle extensions, the UP marking on the ratchet facing lift the jack head a little. Before raising the vehicle, do the following things. Put your spare tire near the flat tire. Remove the wheel trim.

if needed) to the jack. With

you, rotate the ratchet clockwise. That

K2521

will

K2367

If there is a wheel cover, remove wrench. Pry along the edge of the wheel cover until careful; the rim edges may be sharp. Don't hands.

it by using the flat end

of the wheel it comes off. Be

try to remove it with your bare

5-24

K2369

If your vehicle has wheel nut caps, remove them using the wheel wrench. Use the wheel wrench and ratchet, with and take them

off. Then take the hub cap

DOWN facing you, to unscrew

off.

If the wheel has a trim ring, remove wrench.

it by using the flat end

of the wheel

K2368

If the wheel has a smooth center piece or a center piece with recessed nuts, remove of the wheel wrench

in the slot on the wheel and pry out gently.

it using the flat end

of the wheel wrench. Place the flat end

5-25

Prablems on the Road

Using the wheel wrench and ratchet, with wheel nuts. Don't remove them yet.

DOWN facing you, loosen all the

Position the jack under the vehicle.

* Getting under a vehicle when A vehicle slips off the jack, you could be badly injured or killed.

it is jacked up

is dangerous. If the

Never

get under a vehicle when

it is supported only by a jack.

5-26

Raising your vehicle with the vehicle or may allow the vehicle to fall off the jack. Be sure lift head into the proper location before raising your vehicle.

jack improperly positioned will damage the

to fit the jack

Front

Rear

.. ... :?

-,li

PO288

Raise the vehicle by rotating the ratchet clockwise. Make sure the marking faces you. Use the jack handle extensions rear of the vehicle. Raise the vehicle far enough enough room for the spare tire

to fit.

UP

if the flat tire is on the off the ground so there is

5-27

P!!6/ems on the Road

Remove all the wheel nuts and take off the flat tire.

K2527

5-28

I CAUTION A :an make the wheel nuts become loose after

Sust or dirt on the wheel, or

on the parts to which it is fastened,

a time. The wheel

could come off and cause an accident. When you change a wheel, remove any rust or dirt from the places where the wheel attaches the vehicle. to do this; but be sure need to,

to use a scraper or wire brush

In an emergency, you can use a

to get all the rust

or dirt off.

cloth or a paper towel later- if vou

to

or dirt from the wheel bolts, mounting surfaces

Remove any rust wheel. Place the spare on the wheel mounting surface. 1 CAUTION

or spare

Never use oil or grease on studs come loose. Your wheel could fall off, causing a serious accident.

or nuts. If you do, the nuts migh

K2530

Replace the wheel nuts with the rounded end Tighten each wheel nut by hand until

of the nuts toward the wheel.

the wheel is held against the hub.

5-29

PmMems on the Road

' I T ,.I -

,. 8 '

..

Front

Rear

completely. r

Lower the vehicle by rotating the ratchet counterclockwise. Lower the jack

PO500

Tighten the nuts firmly clockwise with the UP marking facing you.

in a criss-cross sequence as shown. Rotate the ratchet

K2546

5-30

to become loose and even come

Incorrect wheel nuts or improperly tightened wheel nuts can cause the wheel

accident. Be sure . lace them, be sure to get the right kind. mGe+ Stop somewhere as soon as you can and have tht; vvith a torque wrench to the proper torque.

to use the correct wheel nuts. If you have wts tightened

off. This could lead p+p+<.:,

to to

For proper torque, see “Wheel Put the wheel trim back on. For vehicles with plastic nut caps, tighten the caps until they are finger tight, then tighten them an additional one-half turn with the ratchet. Remove any wheel

Nut Torque” in the Index.

blocks.

ring a jack, a tire or other equipment in the passenger compartment of the vehicle cnvld cause injuy In a sudden collision, loose equipment the proper place.

Storing the Jack and Tire Storing Tire in Underbody Carrier

UNDERBODY SPARE TIRE MOUNTING

4s - I.

stnn O W

in

=r/49q

a>

WHEEL WRENCH (CHISEL END)

& RATCHET

SHAFT

STEM

(POINTED DOWN)

HOIST CABLE

RETAINER

VALVE

SPARE TIRE

“UP/DOWN”

MARKING

Put the tire on the ground at the rear pointed down.

of the vehicle, with the valve stem

PB009

5-3 1

Pzloblenrs on the Road

with the UP

of the wheel wrench

the ratchet until the tire is raised

Pull the retainer through the wheel center. Attach the ratchet, side facing you, to the wheel wrench. Put the chisel end into the hole in the rear bumper. Turn against the underside of the vehicle. two “clicks” when the tire You will hear make sure. Return the jack, ratchet, wheel wrench and jack extensions to their location behind the passenger’s seat. Secure the items and replace the jack cover there is one. Storing Tire ln Pickup Bed

is secure, but pull on the tire

to

if

1. Place the bolt through the bottom wheel nut hole. Be sure the valve

faces out.

2. Place the nut on the bolt and turn it clockwise until the tire

is secure.

K2534

532

If You’re Stuck: In Sand, Mud, Ice or Snow What you don’t want to do when your vehicle is stuck wheels. The method known as “rocking” can help you get out when you’re stuck, but you must use caution. CAUTION - - - I * If you let your ,A others could be injured. And, the transmission

tires spin at high speed, they can explode and you

or

or other parts of the

is to spin your

vehicle can overheat. That or other damage. When you’re stuck, spin the wheels possible. Don’t spin the wheels above

could cause an engine compartment fire as little as

35 mph (55 krnlh) as shown

on the speedometer. NOTICE ;pinning your wheels can destroy res. If you spin the wheels too fast while shifting your transmission back .nd forth, you can destroy your transmission.

parts of your vehicle as well as the

Rocking your vehicle to get it out: First, turn your steering wheel left and right. That will clear the area around forth between R and a forward gear your front wheels. Then shift back and (or with a manual transmission, between First or Second gear and Reverse), spinning the wheels as little as possible. Release the accelerator pedal while you shift, and press lightly on the accelerator pedal when the transmission is in gear. If that doesn’t get you out after towed out. Or, you can use your recovery hooks, you do need to be towed out, see

a few tries, you may need to be

“Towing Your Vehicle”

if your vehicle has

in the Index.

them. If

5-33

Problents on the Road

Using the Recovery Hooks

....

\"

b.

. .

to

in sand, mud, ice

If you ever get stuck ped with recovery hooks. The recovery hooks are provided at the front your vehicle. You may need be pulled to some place where you can continue driving.

to use them

or snow, your vehicle may

if you're stuck off-road and need

K2456 be equip-

of

I / The recovery hooks, when used, are under a

the vehicle straight out. Never pull on the hooks at angle. The hooks could break off and you or others could be injured from the chain or cable snapping back.

a sideways

lot of force. Always pul

5-34

~

NOTICE Never use the recovery damaged and it would not be covered

hooks to tow the vehicle. Your by warranty.

vehicle could be

K2457

5-35

I

!.li

Service & Appearance Care

.....

it shows how

fuel information. and then

to its appearance care .

of your vehicle . This Section Here you will find information about the care begins with service and to check important fluid and lubricant levels . There is also technical information about your vehicle. and a section devoted Service ................................................................................................................... 6-3 Fuel (Gasoline Engines) ....................................................................................... 6-4 ...................................................... Diesel Fuel Requirements and Fuel System 6-6 Checking Things Under the Hood ..................................................................... 6-17 Hood Release .................................................................................................. 6-18 Cleaning Your Diesel Engine .......................................................................... 6-19 Noise Control System ..................................................................................... 6-19 ............................................................................. 6.20 Engine Oil (Except Diesel) ........................................................................... 6-26 Engine Oil (Diesel Engines) Air Cleaner ....................................................................................................... 6-31 Automatic Transmission Fluid ......................................................................... 6-33 Manual Transmission Fluid ............................................................................. 6-36 Hydraulic Clutch ............................................................................................... 6-37 Transfer Case .................................................................................................. 6-39 Front Axle ......................................................................................................... 6-40 Rear Axle ......................................................................................................... 6-41

6-1

Service & Appearance Care

Engine Coolant ................................................................................................ 6-42 Power Steering Fluid ....................................................................................... 6-46 Windshield Washer Fluid ................................................................................. 6-48 Brake Master Cylinder ..................................................................................... 6-49 Replacing Brake System Parts .......................................................................... 6-50 Other Maintenance Items ................................................................................... 6-51 6-52 Lubrication ............................................................................................................ Electrical System ................................................................................................. 6-54 Battery .............................................................................................................. 6-54 Bulb Replacement ............................................................................................ 6-54 Fuses and Circuit Breakers ............................................................................ 6-64 Exhaust System ................................................................................................... 6-65 Loading Your Vehicle .......................................................................................... 6-67 Tires ...................................................................................................................... 6-72 ................................................................................... 6-73 Inflation-Tire Pressure Tire Inspection and Rotation .......................................................................... 6-78 ........................................................................ 6-80 When It's Time for New Tires Buying New Tires ............................................................................................ 6-81 Uniform Tire Quality Grading .......................................................................... 6-81 ............................................................... Wheel Alignment and Tire Balance 6-82 Wheel Replacement ......................................................................................... 6-83 Tire Chains ....................................................................................................... 6-84 Appearance Care ................................................................................................ 6-84 6-85 6-88 .. 6-91 Appearance Care Materials Vehicle Identification Number ............................................................................. 6-92 Service Parts Identification Label ...................................................................... 6-94 Specification Charts ....++t....,.,.*,..-".,,. 6-95

Cleaning the Inside Of Your Vehicle ............................................................. Cleaning the Outside Of Your Vehicle ..........................................................

..................................................

.............. , ...........

....................

. . . . . . . . .

.r.ikl...rr.r.n.....lr.

6-2

Service Your General Motors dealer knows your vehicle best happy with it. We hope you’ll go You’ll get genuine GM parts and GM-trained and supported service people. We hope you’ll want to keep your GM vehicle have one of theqe marks:

to your dealer for all your service needs.

and wants you to be

all GM. Genuine GM parts

GM

Own Service Work do some of your own service work, you’ll want to get the Motors Service Manual.

Doing Your If you want to proper General service your vehicle than this manual can. manual, see “Service Publications” You should keep a .record with all parts receipts and list the mileage and the date of any service work you perform. See “Maintenance Record” in the Index.

To order the proper service

It tells you much more about how to

in the Index.

I CAUTION

AA You can be injured if you try

knowing enough about it.

to

erv

n a vehicle without

Be sure you have sufficient knowledge, experience, and the proper replacement parts and tools before you attempt any vehicle maintenance task. Be sure to use the proper nuts, bolts and other fasteners. “English” and “metric” fasteners can be easily confused. use the wrong fasteners, parts can later break or fall could be hurt.

If you off. You

6-3

Service & Appearance Care

1 If you try to do your own service work without knowing enough about 1 your vehicle could be damaged. Maintenance Schedule Section 7 of this manual, “Scheduled Maintenance Services”, explains the maintenance your new vehicle needs, and when has a form that you can use to record the maintenance work done on your vehicle. Be .. >. ’ Fuel (Gasoline Engines)

to read

this ,information.

- I

sure

, .

it -should be done. It also,

it,

It should meet U.S. and CGSB 3.592 in Canada. These

If your vehicle has a diesel engine, see “Diesel Fuel Requirements and Fuel System’’ in this Section: For vehicles with gasoline engines, please read this. Use regular unleaded gasoline rated at 87 octane or’higher. specifications ASTM D4814 in the fuels should have the proper additives, anything to the fuel. In the U.S. and Canada, it’s easy gasoline (unleaded). You’ll see unleaded nozzles will fit into your vehicle’s filler neck. Be sure the posted octane is at least 87. If the octane may get a heavy knocking noise when you drive. damage your engine.

UNLEADED right on the pump. And only

to be sure you get the right kind of

so you should not have to

is less than 87, you If it’s bad enough, it can

add

6-4

still hear heavy

if you hear a little

or driving up a hill. That’s normal and

of pinging. It’s the

to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid

If you’re using fuel rated at 87 octane or higher and you knocking, your engine needs service. But don’t worry pinging noise when you’re accelerating you don’t have heavy, constant knock that means you have a problem. What about gasoline with blending materials that contain oxygen, such as MTBE or alcohol? MTBE is “methyl fine for your vehicle. Ethanol is ethyl or grain alcohol. Properly-blended fuel that 10% ethanol is fine for your vehicle. Methanol is methyl or wood alcohol.

tertiary-butyl ether.” Fuel that

is no more than

15% MTBE is

is no more than

it.

le1 that is more than 5% methanol is bad for your vehicle. Don’t use can corrode metal parts in your fuel system and also damage plastic

be covered under your warranty

fuel system. That helps keep your engine

and rubber parts. That damage wouldn’t And even at 5% or less, there must be “cosolvents” and corrosion - ~wenters in this fuel to help avoid these problems. Gasolines for CIeaner Air Your use of gasoline with detergent additives will help prevent deposits from forming in your engine and and your emission control system working properly. It’s good and you’ll be doing your part for cleaner air. Many gasolines are now blended with materials that oxygenates.General Motors recommends that you use gasolines with these so, you can help blending materials, such as MTBE and ethanol. By doing clean the air, especially in those parts of the country that have higher carbon monoxide levels. In addition, some gasoline suppliers are now producing reformulated gasolines. These gasolines are specially designed to reduce vehicle emissions. General Motors recommends that you use reformulated gasoline. By doing so, you can help country that have high ozone levels. You should ask your service station operators detergents and oxygenates, and vehicle emissions.

clean the air, especially in those parts of the

if they have been reformulated

if their gasolines contain

to reduce

called

in tune for your vehicle,

6-5

Service & Appearance Care

Diesel Fuel Requirements and Fuel System Some states and provinces have restrictions on the purchase for light-duty vehicles and require you Some of these restrictions apply only residents and visitors. These restrictions can change. restrictions in any state or province, contact your auto club, the police or other officials. Fuel Requirements 1 NOTICE

of diesel fuel

to buy permits or pay special taxes. to residents, and others apply

to both

To learn the current

Diesel fuel or fuel additives not recommended damage your fuel system and engine. damage. And:

in this manual could

Your warranty wouldn’t cover thi

Diesel fuel that has been mixed with engine oil could damage your engine and emission controls. Always check with your service station

his

it can be difficult to restart your engine. “Running Out of Fuel,” later get it started again. To avoid all this, try never to let. your tank get

in this section, tells you how to

diesel fuel,

I-D or Number 2-D diesel fuel, but you’ll get

2-D.

What Fuel to Use: You can use either Number better fuel economy using Diesel fuel may foam when you pump nozzle to shut off, even though your tank isn’t full. wait for the foaming 1 CAUTION

to stop and then continue to

fill your tank. This can cause the automatic

If this happens, just

fill your tank.

- Heat coming from the engine may cause the fuel \ the fuel out of your tank. If something ignites the fuel, a fire could start and people could be burned. off. Don’t try to “top if off .” until the automatic nozzle shuts

To help avoid this,

to expand and force

fill your fuel tank only

6-6

-7°C)’ use 1-D or “Winterized” Number

2-D

In very cold

it stays below 0°F or -18”C), use Number 1-D.

Cold Weather Operation In cold weather (below 20”F, or fuel (a blend of 1-D and 2-D). Be sure you get the right fuel. temperatures (when If you’re driving in very cold temperatures and can’t get Number “winterized” Number 2-D, you can use one gallon gallons of diesel fuel. Once you add the kerosene, run your engine for several minutes so the fuels will mix. Add kerosene only when the temperature falls below 0°F (-18°C)’ because the fuel economy isn’t as good as that NOTICE Never use home heatina oil

of diesel fuel.

1-D or a of kerosene for every two

of kerosene

To unclog it, just warm the

if you use

In cold weather, your fuel filter may become clogged, especially Number 2-D diesel fuel that hasn’t been “winterized.” filter to between 32°F and 50°F (0°C to 10°C). You won’t need to replace it. Water in Fuel Sometimes, water can be pumped into your fuel tank along with your diesel fuel. This can happen its fuel tanks, or if it gets contaminated fuel from its suppliers. If this happens, a WATER IN FUEL light will come on. If do this for you. water must be drained. Your dealer can

if a service station doesn’t regularly inspect and clean

it does, the excess

AT€

PBOlO

6-7

Service & Appearance Care

This light also should come on when you start your engine, as a check. If it doesn’t, have it fixed water in your fuel. If the light comes on at any other time, use this chart.

so it will be there to let you know

if you ever do get

“WATER IN FUE

.” LIGHT CHART

PROBLEM

Light comes on intermittently. Light stays on 1) Temperatures above freezing.

2) Temperatures below freezing.

RECOMMENDED ACTION

Drain water from fuel filter.

Drain fuel filter immediately. water is drained and light stays on replace fuel filter.

If nc

Drain fuel filter immediately. water can be drained frozen. Open air bleed fuel pressure. replace filter.

If no

- water may be to check for

If no fuel pressure

Fuel tank purging required. See your dealer for assistance.

3) Immediately after refueling

of Large amounts water probably into pumped

the

tank.

iesitation or “flat” performance at high speed ndication of premature fuel filter plugging due to dirty or contaminated fuel. The filter element may need or assistance.

to be changed if this happens. See your dealer

or hard acceleration may be an

f you drive when this warning light njection system and your engine. efuel, it means water was pumped mgine immediately. Then, have the water drained

is on, you can damage your

fuel If the light comes on right after you into your fuel tank. Turn off your

at once.

To drain water:

1. Remove the fuel tank cap. 2. Connect a hose going from the water drain valve

container.

to a fuel-resistant

6-8

7

..

3. With the engine 4. Start the engine and allow it to idle for

off, open the water drain valve

2 to 3 turns.

K2451

1 to 2 minutes, or until clear fuel

is observed.

5. Stop the engine and close the water drain valve. 6. Install the fuel tank cap. If the WATER IN FUEL light comes on again after driving the engine runs rough or stalls-a large amount pumped into the fuel tank. The fuel tank should be purged. CAUTION A Diesel fuel containing water

is still flammable. You

If you eve:r . smoking materials away from the mixture.

try to drain water from your fuel, kee,p

a short distance or

of water has probably been

could h~ burmi. sparks m e s d .

is warm or humid,

and the weather

in the fuel. They can damage your fuel

If there is water in your diesel fuel fungus and bacteria can grow system. You'll need a diesel fuel biocide to sterilize your fuel system. Your dealer can advise you If your fuel tank needs a qualified service technician. Improper purging can damage your system.

if you ever need this. to be purged to remove water, see your dealer or fuel

6-9

Service & Appearance Care

Running Out of Fuel (Diesel Engines) If the engine stalls and you think that you’ve run out

6.5L Engine

of fuel, do this:

6.2L Engine

First, open the fuel filter air bleed valve or remove the screw. then you are probably out of fuel. To restart your engine:

PO228

If there is air,

1. If you’re parked on a level surface, add at least two gallons of fuel. a slope, you may need to

However, if you’re parked on gallons of fuel.

add up to five

PO227

6-1 0

2. Unplug the Shut-Off solenoid wire from the fuel pump

engine from starting.

to prevent the

3. With the air bleed valve open,

turn your ignition key

to Start for 10 to

15 seconds to crank (but not start) your engine. Keep doing this until you can just see some clear fuel at the air

bleed valve.

I A Diesel fuel is flammable. It could start a

fire if it gets on hot engine b parts. You could be burned. Don’t let too much fuel flow from the air bleed valve or screw, and wipe up any spilled

fuel with a cloth.

4. Close the air bleed valve, or replace the screw and reconnect the

Shut-Off solenoid wire.

5. Turn the ignition key

engine starts.

to Start for 10 to 15 seconds at a time until your

Fuel Filter Replacement (6.5L Diesel Engines) If you want to change the fuel filter yourself, here’s how 1 CAUTION

to do it:

A Diesel fuel is flammable.

It could start a fire if something ignites

it, .engine parts, and

-L

and you could be burned. Don’t keep matches or other ignition sources

let it get on hot

away.

1. Turn off your engine and set your parking brake. 2. Take off

the fuel tank cap. This releases pressure

in the tank.

6-1 1

Service & Appearance Cave

3. The filter is behind the air cleaner on the intake manifold. Unscrew and

take off the ring nut from the the top out of the filter head.

of the filter head. Lift the element

4. If there is any dirt on the element sealing surface

clean it off.

of the filter head,

...

PO503

PO212

5. Line up the widest key slot in the top

widest key on the filter head surfaces touch.

of the new element with

the

and push the element in until

the mating

6-1 2

6. Open the air bleed valve. 7. Turn your ignition key

the starter air bleed valve.

to Run for 10 to 15 seconds. Wait one minute for

to cool. Do this until you can see clear fuel coming from the

8. Close the air bleed valve and replace the fuel tank cap. 9. Start your engine and let

it idle for five minutes. Be sure

fuel filter for leaks.

to check your

Fuel Filter Replacement ( 6 2 Diesel Engines) If you want

to change the fuel filter yourself, here's how to

do it:

'1

Drain fuel from the filter by opening the air bleed valve and the water drain valve. This prevents the fuel from spilling as you replace the filter. Drain the fuel into a fuel-resistant container and dispose of it properly. CAUTION

A Diesel fuel is flammable. It could start a fire if something ignites it,

and you could be burned. Don't let keep matches or other ignition sources away.

it get on hot engine parts, and

K2667

6-1 3

Service & Appearance Care

To remove the filter:

1. Turn off your engine and set your parking brake. 2. Take off the fuel tank cap. This releases pressure in the tank.

1..

3. The filter

is behind the air cleaner on the intake manifold. Using a

screwdriver, separate both bail wires. Take out the filter.

4. If there is any dirt on the fuel port seal of the filter adapter, clean it 5. Snap the new filter into position with the bail wires.

6-1 4

K2669

off.

K2671

6. Close the water drain valve and connect a hose going from the air bleed

valve port to a fuel-resistant container. The inside diameter should be one-eighth 7. Turn your ignition key to

of an inch.

Start for 10 to 15 seconds. Wait one minute to cool. Do this until you can see clear fuel coming from

of the hose

for the starter the air bleed valve.

8. Close the air bleed valve and replace 9. Start your engine and let

fuel filter for leaks.

the fuel tank cap.

it idle for five minutes. Be sure

to check your

If you use

US. or Canada,

in another country outside the

Fuels in Foreign Countries (Gasoline Engines) If you plan on driving unleaded fuel may be hard to find. Do not use leaded gasoline. even one tank full, your emission controls won’t work well or at all. With continuous use, spark plugs can get fouled, the exhaust system can corrode, and your engine oil can deteriorate quickly. Your vehicle’s three-way catalytic converter and oxygen sensor will be damaged. repairs that wouldn’t be covered by your warranty. To check on company that does business You can also write us at the following address for advice. Just you’re going and give your Vehicle Identification Number

fuel availability, ask an auto club, or contact a major oil in the country where you’ll be driving.

All of that means costly

(VIN).

tell us where

General Motors of Canada Ltd. International Export Sales Post Office Box 828 Oshawa, Ontario L1H

7N1, Canada

6-1 5

I CAUTION * If you get gasoline on you and then something ignites it, you could 1 be badly burned. Gasoline can spray out on you filler cap too quickly. This spray can happen full, and is more likely in hot weather. Open the fuel filler cap slowly and wait for any "hiss" noise Then

to stop. way.

if you open the fuel

if your tank is nearly

tc "le :clo-'hise)

until you hear

all

cap

unscrew the When you put the cap back on, turn it a clicking noise.

I NOTICE

to get the right type.

~f you need a new cap, be sure it may not fit or -have proper me for you. If you get the wrong type, denting, and your fuel tank and emissions system might be damaged. Checking Things Under the Hood

Your dealer can get

K2609

Hood Release To open the hood, first pull the handle inside the vehicle. Then go front of the vehicle and pull up on the secondary hood release. Lift the hood.

to the

6-1 7

Service & Appearance Cam

r:

PO21 7

If your vehicle has air conditioning, the auxiliary fan under the hood can start up and injure you even when the engine is not running. Keep your hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan,

if you have one.

Things that burn can get on hot engine parts and start b include liquids like gasoline or diesel fuel, oil, coolant, brake fluid, windshield washer and other fluids, and plastic or rubber. others could be burned. Be careful not burn onto a hot engine.

You or to drop or spill things that will

a fire. These

Before closing the hood, be sure all the filler caps are pull the hood down and close

it firmly.

on properly. Then just

6-1 8

Cleaning Your Diesel Engine

you spray or pour water or any other arm or hot, you ever clean the engine, clean

or when it is running, you

liquid on your engine when could cause serious damagl o it.

it is

it only when

it is cold.

(4 536 kilograms). See your maintenance schedule for

Noise Control System The following information relates to compliance with Federal noise emission standards for vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of more than 10,000 pounds information on maintaining the noise control system the noise emission control system during the life control system warranty These standards apply only Tampering With Noise Control System Prohibited Federal law prohibits the following acts or the causing thereof: 1. The removal or rendering inoperative by any person, other than for

to vehicles sold in the United States.

is given in your Warranty booklet.

of your vehicle. The

to minimize degradation of

noise

or purposes of maintenance, repair or replacement, of any device element of design incorporated into any new vehicle for the purpose noise control, prior while it

to its sale or delivery to the ultimate purchaser

is in use; or

of

or

2. The use of

the vehicle after such device

removed or rendered inoperative by any person.

or element of design has been

Among those acts presumed to constitute tampering are Insulation:

Removal of noise shields or underhood insulation.

Engine:

the acts listed below.

Removal or rendering engine speed governor, so as to allow engine speed

to exceed manufacturer specifications.

if so equipped, inoperative

Fan and Drive:

Removal of Removal of Air Intake:

fan clutch, fan shroud,

if so equipped, or rendering clutch inoperative. if so equipped.

Removal of air Reversing air cleaner cover.

cleaner silencer.

6-1 9

Service & Appearance Care

Exhaust:

Removal of muffler andlor resonator. Removal of exhaust

pipes and exhaust pipe clamps.

Engine Oil (Except Diesel) to check your engine oil every time you get fuel. It's a good idea get an accurate reading, the oil must be warm and the vehicle must be on level ground.

In order to

Turn off the engine and give the oil a few minutes oil pan. If you don't, the oil dipstick might not show the actual level.

to get back down

K2389 into the

To Check Engine Oil: Pull out the dipstick and clean cloth, then push

it back in all the way. Remove 6-20

it with a paper towel it again, keeping the tip lower.

K2613 or

When to Add Oil: If the oil is at to add some oil. But kind of oil to use. For crankcase capacity, see “Capacities and Specifications” in the Index.

you must use the right kind. This part explains what

or below the ADD mark, then you’ll need

Don’t add too much oil. If your engine has so much oil that the oil level gets above the upper mark that shows the proper operating range, your engine could be damaged.