1993 GMC Sierra Owners Manual

I be able to maintain vehicle control?

How steep is the downhill? Will What’s the surface like? Smooth? Rough? Slippery? Hard-packed dirt? Grave I? Are there hidden surface obstacles? Ruts? Logs? Boulders? What’s at the bottom river bottom with large rocks?

of the hill? Is there a hidden creek bank or even

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Your Driving and the Road

If you decide you can go down a hill safely, then headed straight down, and use a low gear. This way, engine drag can help your brakes and they won’t have to do your vehicle under control at all times. CAUTION A Heavy braking when going down a

try to keep your vehicle

all the work. Descend slowly, keeping

overheat and fade. This could cause accident. Apply the brakes lightly when descending control. low gear to keep vehicle speed under

hill can cause your brakes to loss of control and a serious

‘

a hill and use a

Q: Are there some things A: Yes! These are important because control and have a serious accident.

I should not do when driving down a hili?

if you ignore them you could lose

too steep to drive

roll over if you don’t drive straight down.

When driving downhill, avoid turns that take you across the incline of the hill. A hill that’s not too steep to drive down may be across. You could Never go downhill with the transmission in pedal depressed in a manual shift. This is called “free-wheeling,” to do all the work and could overheat and fade. brakes will have Avoid braking so hard that you lock the wheels when going downhill. your front wheels are locked, you can’t steer your vehicle. lock up during downhill braking, you may feel the vehicle starting to slide sideways. To regain your direction, keep the front of the vehicle pointing straight downhill.

just ease off the brakes and steer to

N (Neutral), or with the clutch Your

If If your wheels

Q: Am I likely to stall when going downhill? A: It’s much more likely to happen going uphill. But downhill, here’s what

to do.

if it happens going

Stop your vehicle by applying the regular brakes. Apply the parking brake. Shift to P (Park) (or to Neutral with the manual transmission) and, while still braking, restart the engine. Shift back down. If the engine won’t start, get out and get help.

to a low gear, release the parking brake,

and drive straight

4-32

Driving Across an Incline Sooner or later, an off-road this happens, you have to decide whether to try Here are some things

to consider:

trail will probably go across the incline

of a hill. If

to drive across the incline.

(the distance

or down may be too steep

to drive or down a hill, the length of the wheel

to the rear wheels) reduces the end. But when you drive

may not prevent the vehicle from

A hill that can be driven straight up across. When you go straight up base (the distance from the front wheels likelihood the vehicle will tumble end over across an incline, the much more narrow track width between the left and right wheels) tilting and rolling over. Also, driving across an incline puts more weight on the downhill wheels. This could cause Surface conditions can be gravel, muddy spots, or even wet grass can cause your tires to slip sideways, downhill. If the vehicle slips sideways, will trip Hidden obstacles can make the steepness you drive across a rock with the uphill wheels, drop into a rut or depression, your vehicle can tilt even more. reasons like these, you need

to decide carefully whether to try

a problem when you drive across

a downhill slide or a rollover. a hill. Loose

If or if the downhill wheels

it (a rock, a rut, etc.) and

of the incline even worse.

it can hit something that

roll over.

to drive

to drive it. The last vehicle to try

For across an incline. Just because the trail goes across the incline doesn’t mean it might have rolled over. you have CAUTIP! 4 Driving across an incline that’s too steep will make your vehicle

over. You could be seriously injured or killed. about the steepness of the incline, don’t drive across route instead.

If you have any doubt

it. Find another

Q: What if I’m driving across an incline that’s not too steep, but some loose gravel and start to slide downhill. What should A: If you feel your vehicle starting to slide sideways, turn downhill. This should help straighten out the vehicle and prevent the side slipping. However, a much better way to prevent know what the surface is like before you drive it.

this is to get out and “walk the course”

I do?

so you

roll

I hit

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Your Driving and the Road

Stalling on an Incline If your vehicle stalls when you’re crossing an incline, be sure you (and your passengers) get out on open. If you get out on the downhill side and the vehicle starts you’ll be right If you have to walk down the slope, stay out if ‘it does roll over.

the uphill side, even

if the door there

in its path.

of the path the vehicle will take

is harder to

to roll over,

I CAUTION

AM440002

A Getting out on the downhill (low) side

of a vehicle stopped across an

of the vehicle and

of the rollover path.

incline is dangerous. If the vehicle rolls over, you could be crushed or killed. Always get out on the uphill (high) side stay well clear

in mud, snow or sand, your wheels won’t get

Driving In Mud, Sand, Snow, Or Ice When you drive You can’t accelerate as quickly, turning longer braking distances. It’s best to use a low gear when you’re lower the gear. In really deep mud, the. idea is to keep your vehicle moving so you don’t get stuck. When you drive depend upon how loosely packed the sand is. On loosely packed sand on beaches or sand dunes) your tires will tend

on sand, you’ll sense a change

in mud-the deeper

is more difficult, and you’ll need

good traction.

the mud, the

in wheel traction. But

it will (as

to sink into the sand. This

4-34

You may want has an effect on steering, accelerating, and braking. the air pressure in your tires slightly when driving on sand. This will improve traction. Hard packed snow and ice offer the worst tire traction. On these surfaces, it’s very easy to lose control. On wet ice, for example, the traction that you will have difficulty accelerating. And steering and difficult braking can cause you

if you do get moving, poor to slide out of control.

is so poor

to reduce

be dangerous.

can

I A Driving on frozen lakes, ponds or rivers can

Underwater springs, currents under the ice, or sudden thaws weaken the ice. Your vehicle could fall through the ice and you and your passengers could drown. Drive your vehicle on I y.

on safe surfaces

Driving In Water Light rain causes no special off-road driving problems. But heavy rain can mean flash flooding, and flood waters demand extreme caution. Find out how deep the water is before you drive through enough to cover your wheel hubs, axles, or exhaust pipe, don’t try it-you probably won’t get through. Also, water that deep can damage your axle and other vehicle parts. If the water isn’t too deep, then drive through splashes on your ignition system and your vehicle can stall. Stalling can also occur if you get your tailpipe under water. And, as long as your tailpipe is under water, you’ll never be able to start your engine. When you go through water, remember that when your brakes get wet, stop.

it. If it’s deep

it may take you longer to

it slowly. At fast speeds, water

Driving through rushing water can be dangerous. Deep water can sweep your vehicle downstream and you and your passengers could drown. If it’s only inches deep, it can still wash away the ground from under your tires, and you could lose traction and roll the vehicle over. Don’t drive throuah rushina water.

If you have a diesel engine, see “Driving Through Water (Diesel Engines)” in the Index for more information on driving through water.

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Your Driving and the Road

After Off-Road Driving Remove any brush or debris that has collected on the underbody, chassis, or under the hood. These accumulations can be a fire hazard. After operation in mud or sand, have the brake linings cleaned and checked. These substances can cause glazing and uneven braking. Check the body structure, steering, suspension, wheels, tires, and exhaust system for damage. Also, check Your vehicle will require more frequent service due Section 7 for additional information. Driving at Night

the fuel lines and cooling system for any leakage.

to off-road use. Refer

--.

to

AM450002

is more dangerous than day driving. One reason

is that some

alcohol or drugs, with night vision

Night driving drivers are likely to be impaired-by problems, or by fatigue. Here are some tips on night driving.

Drive defensively. Remember, this is the most dangerous time. Don’t drink and drive (See “Drunken Driving” this problem). Adjust your inside rear view mirror behind you. Since you can’t see as well, you may need more space between you and other vehicles. It’s hard the vehicle ahead

is going just by looking at its taillights.

in the Index for more on

to reduce the glare from headlights

to slow down and keep

to tell how fast

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Slow down, especially on higher speed roads. Your headlights can light up only so much road ahead. In remote areas, watch for animals. If you’re tired, pull off the road

in a safe place and rest.

to put on your sunglasses after you

to night.

in the daytime. But as we get older

in bright sunshine you are wise to wear sunglasses.

Night Vision No one can see as well at night as these differences increase. A 50-year-old driver may require at least twice as much light to see the same thing at night as a 20-year-old. What you do in the daytime can also affect your night vision. For example, if you spend the day eyes will have less trouble adjusting But if you’re driving, don’t wear sunglasses at night. They may cut down glare from headlights, but they also make a lot of things invisible that should remain visible-such as parked cars, obstacles, pedestrians, or even trains blocking railway crossings. You may want have pulled into a brightly-lighted service or refreshment area. Eyes shielded from that glare may adjust more quickly to darkness back on the road. But be sure to remove your sunglasses before you leave the service area. You can be temporarily blinded by approaching lights. two, or even several seconds, for your eyes you are faced with severe glare (as from a driver who doesn’t lower the high beams, or a vehicle with misaimed headlights), slow down a little. Avoid staring directly into the approaching lights. traffic, make occasional glances over the line that one of the vehicles isn’t starting past the bright lights, give your eyes time to readjust before resuming speed. High Beams If the vehicle approaching you has its high beams on, signal by flicking yours to high and then back headlight beams. If the other driver still doesn’t lower the beams, resist the temptation to put your high beams on. This only makes drivers. On a freeway, use your high beams only in remote areas where you won’t impair approaching drivers. In some places, like cities, using high beams illegal. When you follow another vehicle on a freeway or highway, use low beams. True, most vehicles now have day-night mirrors that enable the driver reduce glare. But outside mirrors are not behind can bother the driver ahead.

to move into your lane. Once you are

of this type and high beams from

to readjust to the dark. When

If there is a line of opposing

is the usual signal

to low beam. This

of headlights to make certain

two half-blinded

It can take a second

to lower the

to

Your

on

or

is

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Your Driving and the Road

of

to

if it’s left there.

A Few More Night Driving Suggestions Keep your windshield and all the glass on your vehicle clean-inside and out. Glare at night is made much worse by dirt on the glass. Even the inside the glass can build up a film caused by dust. Tobacco smoke also makes inside glass surfaces very filmy and can be a vision hazard Dirty glass makes lights dazzle and flash more than clean glass would, making the pupils of your eyes contract repeatedly. You might even want keep a cloth and some glass cleaner in your vehicle your glass frequently. Remember that your headlights light up far less of a roadway when you are in a turn or curve. Keep your eyes moving; that way, it’s easier to pick out dimly lighted objects. Just as your headlights should be checked regularly for proper aim, your eyes be examined regularly. Some drivers suffer from night blindness-the inability to see Driving in the Rain

in dim light-and aren’t even aware of

if you need to clean

it.

so should

if your tires don’t have much tread left, you’ll get even

Rain and wet roads can mean driving trouble. On a wet road you can’t stop, accelerate or turn as well because your tire-to-road traction isn’t as on dry roads. And, less traction. It’s always wise to go slower and be cautious are driving. The surface may get wet suddenly when your reflexes are tuned for driving on dry pavement.

if rain starts

to fall while you

good as

4-38

if your windshield wiper it harder to see road signs

it is to see. Even

The heavier the rain, the harder blades are in good shape, a heavy rain can make and traffic signals, pavement markings, the edge people walking. Road spray can often be worse for vision than rain, especially if it comes from a dirty road. So it is wise to keep your wiping equipment in good shape and keep your windshield washer tank filled. Replace your windshield wiper inserts when they show signs of streaking or missing areas on the windshield, rubber start to separate from the inserts.

of the road, and even

or when strips of

AM455017

Driving too fast through large water puddles washes can cause problems, avoid puddles. But

if you can't, try

too. The water may affect your brakes. Try

or even going through some car to

to slow down before you hit them.

\ Wet brakes can cause accidents. They won't work well

d stop and may cause pulling

to one side. You could lose control

of

in a quick

the vehicle. After driving through a large puddle your brake pedal lightly until your brakes work normally.

of water or a car wash, apply

Hydroplaning Hydroplaning is dangerous. So much water can build up under your tires that if the road is wet they can actually ride on the water. This can happen enough and you're going fast enough. When your vehicle is hydroplaning, has little or no contact with

the road.

it

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Your Driving and the Road

You could to pass-or if find yourself out of control.

of hydroplaning. You could drive along for some time

of wind. You could suddenly

You might not be aware without realizing your tires aren’t in constant contact with the road. find out the hard way: when you have to slow, turn, move out you get hit by a gust Hydroplaning doesn’t happen often. But or if the pressure in one standing on the road. If you can see reflections from trees, telephone poles, or other vehicles, and raindrops “dimple” the water’s surface, there could be hydroplaning. Hydroplaning usually happens on higher speed roads. There just isn’t a hard and fast rule about hydroplaning. The best advice is to slow down when it is raining, and be careful. Some Other Rainy Weather Tips

or more is low. It can happen if a lot of water is

it can if your tires haven’t much tread

to use

You may want

if it’s raining hard.

Turn on your headlights-not just your parking lights-to help make you more visible to others. Look for hard-to-see vehicles coming from behind. your headlights even in daytime Besides slowing down, allow some extra following distance. And be especially careful when you pass another vehicle. clear room ahead, and be prepared to have your view restricted by road spray. If the road spray is Don’t pass until conditions improve. Going more slowly is better than having an accident. Use your defogger Have good tires with proper tread depth. (See “Tires” in the Index.)

so heavy you are actually blinded, drop back.

if it helps.

Allow yourself more

4-40

Driving in Fog, Mist and Haze

AM459002

It can be so mild that you

Or it might be so thick to

It may come suddenly

a chance to a better chance to avoid hitting the vehicle

If the vehicle ahead if the taillights are harder to see, the

a major hazard.

less clear or, at night,

a few feet (meters) ahead.

a fog patch, your visibility will be reduced quickly. The

it for several hundred feet (meters).

Fog can occur with high humidity or heavy frost. can see through that you can see only an otherwise clear road. And it can be When you drive into biggest dangers are striking the vehicle ahead or being struck by the one behind. Try to “read” the fog density down the road. starts to become fog is probably thickening. Slow down to give traffic behind you slow down. Everybody then has ahead. A patch of dense fog may extend only for (kilometers); you can’t really situation with extreme care. One common fog condition-sometimes called mist or ground happen in weather that seems perfect, especially at night or in the early morning in valley and low, marshy areas. You can be suddenly enveloped thick, wet haze that may even coat your windshield. You can often spot these fog patches or mist layers with your headlights. But sometimes they can be waiting for you as you come over your windshield wipers and washer, to help clear accumulated road dirt. down carefully.

a few feet (meters) or for miles tell while you’re in it. You can only treat the

a hill or dip into a shallow valley. Start

fog-can

in

Slow

4-41

Your Driving and the Road

light buildup of moisture on

the

in daytime.

lights if your vehicle has them. off the water droplets that

to be fog may actually be moisture on the

In high humidity, even a

Tips on Driving in Fog If you get caught in fog, turn your headlights on low beam, even You’ll see-and be seen-better. Use your fog Don’t use your high beams. The light will bounce make up fog and reflect back at you. Use your defogger. inside of the glass will cut down on your already limited visibility. Run your windshield wiper and washer occasionally. Moisture can build up on the outside glass, and what seems outside of your windshield. Treat dense fog as an emergency. course you want something between you and moving vehicles-space, trees, telephone poles, a private driveway, anything that removes you from other traffic. If visibility is near zero and you must stop but are unsure whether you are away from the road, turn your lights on, start your hazard warning flasher, and sound your horn at intervals or when you hear approaching traffic. Pass other vehicles safely. Even then, be prepared worse up ahead. If other vehicles try City Driving

if you can see far enough ahead to pass to delay your pass

to respect another’s property, but you might need

Try to find a place

in fog only

to pass you, make it easy for them.

if you suspect the fog is

to pull off the road. Of

to put

the biggest problems with city streets is the amount

of traffic on them.

to watch out for what the other drivers are doing, and keep close

One of You’ll want track of traffic signals.

AM460003

4-42

Here are ways

to increase your safety

in city driving:

or landmark. Get a

to get to where you are going. Try not

to drive city map trip into an unknown part of the city just as you would for

Know the best way around trying to pick out a familiar street and plan your a cross-country trip. Try to use the freeways that rim and crisscross most large cities. You’ll save time and energy. (See the next section, “Freeway Driving.”) Treat a green light the corner is busy enough before you start cleared the intersection or may be running Obey all posted speed limits. But remember that they are for ideal road, You may need to drive below the weather and visibility conditions. posted limit in bad weather or when visibility is especially poor. Pull to the right (with care) and stop clear or hear emergency vehicles.

to move, check both ways for vehicles that have not

as a warning signal. A traffic light is there because

to need it. When a light turns green, and

the red light.

of intersections when you see

just

Freeway Driving

called thruways, parkways, expressways,

Mile for mile, freeways (also turnpikes, or superhighways) are the safest of all roads. But they have their own special rules. The most important advice on freeway driving is: Keep up with traffic and keep to the right. Drive at the same speed most of the other drivers are

AM461004

4-43

Your Driving and the Road

If you have

if it is heavy,

or to the If

as the slow lane and the

a two-lane freeway, treat the right lane

Try to blend smoothly with the traffic flow.

Try to determine where you expect to blend

If traffic is light, you may have no problem. But

the freeway as you drive along the entrance ramp, you

driving. Too-fast or too-slow driving breaks a smooth traffic flow. Treat the left lane on a freeway as a passing lane. Entering the Freeway At the entrance there is usually a ramp that leads to the freeway. a clear view of should begin to check traffic. with the flow. find a gap as you move along the entering lane and time your approach. Try to merge into the gap at close to the prevailing speed. Switch on your turn signal, check your rearview mirrors as you move along, and glance over your shoulder as often as necessary. Driving on the Freeway Once you are on the freeway, adjust your speed to the posted limit prevailing rate if it’s slower. Stay in the right lane unless you want to pass. you are on left lane as the passing lane. If you are on a three-lane freeway, treat the right lane as the slower-speed through lane, the middle lane as the higher-speed through lane, and the left lane as the passing lane. Before changing lanes, check your rearview mirrors. Then use your turn signal. Just before you leave the lane, glance quickly over make sure there isn’t another vehicle in your “blind” spot. If you are moving from an outside more than two lanes, make sure another vehicle isn’t about to move into the same spot. Look at the vehicles turn signals flashing, an increase in speed, or moving toward the edge of the lane. Be prepared to delay your move. Once you are moving on the freeway, make certain you allow a reasonable following distance. Expect to move slightly slower at night. Leaving the Freeway When you want to leave the freeway, move to the proper lane well advance. Dashing across lanes at the last minute is dangerous. your exit do not, under any circumstances, stop and back up. Drive on to the next exit. At each exit point is you to enter it at freeway speed (after signaling, of course) and then do your braking before moving onto the exit ramp. Unfortunately, not lanes are long enough-some are too short for all the braking. Decide when to start braking.

If you must brake on the through lane, and if there

two lanes over and watch for telltale signs:

to a center lane on a freeway having

a deceleration lane. Ideally

in

If you miss

it should be long enough for

all deceleration

is traffic

your shoulder to

4 4 4

to slow

20 mph (30 km/h). Obviously, this 20 mph (30 kmlh)!

to serious trouble on a ramp designed for

close behind you, you can allow a little extra time and flash your brake lights (in addition to your turn signal) as extra warning that you are about down and exit. The exit ramp can be curvea, somerlmes quite sharply. The exit speed is usually posted. Reduce your speed according to your speedometer, not to your sense of motion. After driving for any distance at higher speeds, you may tend to think you are going slower than you actually are. For example, 40 rnph (65 km/h) might seem like only could lead Driving a Long Distance Although most long trips today are made on freeways, there are still many made on regular highways. Long-distance driving on freeways and regular highways is the same in some ways. The higher-than-city speeds, and there are longer turns behind the wheel. You’ll enjoy your trip more some tips for a successful long trip. Before Leaving on a Long Trip Try to be well rested. Make sure you’re ready. not fresh-such as after a day’s work-don’t plan to make too many miles that first part of the journey. Wear comfortable clothing and shoes you can easily drive in. Is your vehicle ready for a long trip? it’s ready to go. course, you’ll find experienced and able service experts in your vehicle’s dealerships all across North America. They’ll be ready and willing to help if you need it. Here are some things you can check before a trip:

trip has to be planned and the vehicle prepared, you drive at

if you and your vehicle are in good shape. Here are

If it needs service, have

If you keep it serviced and maintained, it done before starting out. Of

If you must start when you’re

Is the reservoir full? Are all windows clean

in good shape?

Windshield Washer Fluid: inside and outside? Wiper Blades: Are they Fuel, Engine Oil, Other Fluids: Have you checked all levels? Lights: Are they all working? Are the lenses clean? Tires: They are vitally important to a safe, trouble-free trip. good enough for long distance driving? recommended pressure?

Are the tires all inflated to the

Is the tread

4 4 5

‘ Your Driving and the Road

to make some people

task’with 100 miles (160 km) or two

.~

Weather Forecasts: What’s the weather outlook along your route? Should -you delay your trip a short time to avoid a major storm system? Maps: Do you have up-to-date maps? On fhe Road . .- is good .to share the driving Unless you are the only driver, ‘it others. Limit turns behind the wheel to about hours at a sitting. Then, either change drivers or stop for some- refreshment like coffee, tea or soft drinks and some limbering up. But do stop and move around. Eat lightly along the way. Heavier meals tend sleepy. On two-lane highways or undivided multilane highways that do not have controlled access, you’ll want to watch for some situations not usually found on freeways. Examples are: stop signs and signals, shopping centers with direct access to the highway, no passing zones and school zones, vehicles turning’ left and right off the road, pedestrians, cyclists, parked vehicles, and even animals. Highway Hypnosis Is there actually such a condition as “highway hypnosis?” Or is it just plain falling asleep at the wheel? whatever. ’ There is something about an easy stretch of road with the same scenery, along with the hum , rush of the wind against the vehicle that can make you sleepy. Don’t let happen to you! If it does, your vehicle can leave the road second, and you could crash and be injured. What can you do about highway hypnosis? First, be aware that happen. Then here are some tips:

of the tires on the road, the drone

Call it highway hypnosis, lack

in less than a it can

of awareness, or

of the engine, and the it

- ventilated, with a comfortably cool interior.

Make sure your vehicle is well Keep your eyes moving. Scan the road ahead and to the sides. Check your rearview mirrors frequently and your instruments from time to time. : ,-.:.&---z-.- ..* This can help you avoid a fixed stare. Wear good sunglasses don’t wear sunglasses at night. They will drastically reduce your overall vision at the very time you need all the s.eeing power you have. If you get sleepy, pull off the road into a rest, service, or parking area and take a nap, get some exercise, or both. For safety, treat drowsiness on the highway as an emergency.

in bright light. Glare can cause drowsiness. But

! -

- , x

.-7

4-46

’ .

-%

As in any driving situation, keep pace with traffic and allow adequate following distances. Hill and Mountain Roads

Driving on steep hills or mountains terrain. If you drive regularly in steep country, or there, here are some tips that can make your trips safer and more enjoyable. (See “Off-Road” in the Index for information about driving off-road.)

is different from driving in flat or rolling if you’re planning to visit

AM470001

fluid levels and also the

Keep your vehicle in good shape. Check all brakes, tires, cooling system and transmission. These parts can work hard on mountain roads. Know how your engine do some all. Shift to a lower gear when you go down a steep or long hill. That way, you will slow down without excessive use of your brakes.

to go down hills. The most important

of the slowing down. Don’t make your brakes do

thing to know is this: let it

- b wouldn’t work well. You would then have poor braking or even none

If you don’t shift down,’ your brakes could get so hot that they going down a hill. You could crash. .Shift down to let your engine assist your brakes on a steep downhill slope.

4-47

I CAUTION E ‘ Your brakes will have to

A Coasting downhill

in N (Neutral) or with the ignition

off is dangerous. do all the work of slowing down. They could

get so hot that they wouldn’t work well. have your engine running and your vehicle downhill.

You could crash. Always in gear when you go

be

way, you won’t

to shift down to a lower gear.

in the same lane.

to go uphill. You may want

hills or or cut across the center of the road. Drive

Know how The lower gears help cool your engine and transmission, and you can climb the hill better. Stay .in your own lane when driving on two-lane roads in mountains. Don’t swing wide at speeds that let you stay in your own lane. That surprised by a vehicle coming toward you It takes longer to pass another vehicle when you’re going uphill. You’ll want to leave extra room doesn’t have enough room, vehicle to get by. As you go over the top of a hill, be alert. There could be something in your lane, like a stalled car You may see Examples are long grades, passing or no-passing zones, a falling rocks area, or winding roads. Be alert Winter driving can present special problems. See “Winter Driving” Index.

to pass. If a vehicle is passing you and slow down to make it easier for the other

highway signs on mountains that warn of special problems.

to these and take appropriate action.

or an accident.

in the

4-48

Parking on Hills

AM470025

Hills and mountains mean spectacular scenery. But please be careful where if you decide to look at the view or take pictures. Look for pull-offs you stop or parking areas provided for scenic viewing. Another part of this manual tells how Brake” in the Index). But on thing. You can turn your front wheels downhill or out into traffic. Here’s how: Downhill Parking

to keep your vehicle from rolling

a mountain or steep hill, you can

to use your parking brake (see “Parking

do one more

- _

Turn your wheels

to the right.

4-49

AM470031

Your Driving and the Road

You don't have to jam your tires against the curb, contact is all you need. Parking Uphill

if there is a curb. A gentle

If there is a curb, turn your wheels of your vehicle.

to the left

if the curb is at the right side

If you're going uphill on a one-way street and you're parking your wheels should point

to the right.

AM470045 on the left side,

4-50

AM470053

turn the wheels to the right. of a one-way

of the vehicle may put too much force on the

should be turned to the left.

If there is no curb when you’re parking uphill, If there is no curb when you’re parking uphill on the left side street, your wheels Torque Lock (Automatic Transmission) If you are parking on a hill and you don’t shift your transmission into (Park) properly, the weight parking pawl in the transmission. You may out of P (Park). This is called “torque lock.” be sure how, see When you are ready to drive, move the shift lever out you release the parking brake. If “torque lock” does occur, you may need to have another vehicle push yours a little uphill you can pull the shift lever out

to shift into P (Park) before you leave “Shifting Into P (Park)” in the Index.

to take some of the pressure from

of P (Park).

find it difficult to pull the shift lever To prevent torque lock, always

the driver’s seat. To find out

the transmission, so

of P (Park) BEFORE

4-5 1

Your Driving and the Road

Winter Driving

Here are some tips for winter driving.

Have your vehicle in good shape for winter. Be sure your engine coolant mix is correct. in loose snow, but they may give you less Snow tires can help If you do not expect to be driving on ice than regular tires. snow, but may have to travel over ice, you may not want to switch to snow tires at all. You may want to put winter emergency supplies in your vehicle.

AM480004

traction

in deep

a supply of windshield a small shovel, a flashlight, a

if you will be

of sand, a piece of old

Be sure you

a small brush or broom,

of reflective warning triangles. And,

of burlap bags to help provide traction.

Include an ice scraper, washer fluid, a rag, some winter outer clothing, red cloth, and a couple driving under severe conditions, include a small bag carpet or a couple properly secure these items Driving on Snow or Ice Most of the time, those places where your tires meet the road probably have good traction. However, if there is snow or ice between your tires and the road, you can have a very slippery situation. You’ll have a need to be very careful.

in your vehicle.

lot less traction or “grip” and will

4-52

AM48001 7

Very cold snow or ice can be slick

to avoid driving on wet ice

to fall. Try

ice can be even more trouble because it may You can get “wet ice” when it’s about freezing

time for this? “Wet ice.’’ on. But wet

What’s the worst and hard to drive offer the least traction of all. (32°F; 0°C) and freezing rain begins until salt and sand crews can get there. Whatever the condition-smooth ice, packed, blowing or loose with caution. Accelerate gently. Try not to break the fragile traction. accelerate too fast, the drive wheels will spin and polish the surface under the tires even more. Your anti-lock brakes improve your ability road. Even though you have the anti-lock braking system, you’ll want stopping sooner than you would on dry pavement. See “Anti-lock‘’ in the Index.

snow-drive If you

to make a hard stop on a slippery

to begin

Allow greater following distance on any slippery road. Watch for slippery spots. The road might be fine until you hit a spot that’s covered with ice. appear in shaded areas where trees, behind buildings, curve or an overpass may remain icy when the surrounding roads are clear. If you see a patch it. Try not to brake while you’re actually on the ice, and avoid sudden steering maneuvers.

On an otherwise clear road, ice patches may the sun can’t reach: around clumps or under bridges. Sometimes the surface

of ice ahead of you, brake before you are on

of of a

4-53

Your Driving and the Road

If You’re Caught in a Blizzard

AM48002 You

to do to

could be in a serious situation.

If you are stopped by heavy snow, you should probably stay with your vehicle unless you know for sure that you are near help and you can hike through the snow. Here are some things summon help and keep yourself and your passengers safe: Turn on your hazard flashers. Tie a red cloth to your vehicle to alert police that you’ve been stopped by the snow. Put on extra clothing or wrap a blanket around you. If you have no blankets or extra clothing, make body insulators from newspapers, burlap bags, rags, floor mats-anything you can wrap around yourself or tuck under your clothing You can run

the engine to keep warm, but be careful,

to keep warm.

Snow can trap exhaust gases under your vehicle. This can cause deadly CO (carbon monoxide) gas to get inside. you and kill you. You can’t see it is in your vehicle. Clear away snow from around the base vehicle, especially any that around again from time to time Open a window just a little on the side of the vehicle that’s away

from the wind. This

is blocking your exhaust pipe. And check to be sure snow doesn’t collect there.

it, so you might not know

it or smell

will help keep

CO out.

CO could overcome

of your

4-54

AM480043

it keeps

If you 'have a diesel engine, you

musk. This saves fuel. When you run

to lget enough heat. Then, shut the

little faster than just idle. That is, push the

Run your engine only as long as you the engine, make it go a accelerator slightly. This uses less fuel for the heat that you get and the battery (or batteries) charged. You will need a well-charged battery (or batteries) to restart the' vehicle, and possibly for signaling later on with your headlights. Let the heater run for awhile. may have to run it at a higher speed engine off and close the window almost Start the engine again and repeat uncomfortable from the cold. But as long as you can. do some fairly vigorous exercises every half hour or If You're Stuck in Deep Snow This manual explains how damaging it. See "Rocking Towing a mailer CAUTION

To help keep warm, you can get out of the vehicle and

to get the vehicle out Your Vehicle"

of deep snow without

in the Index.

this only when you feel really do it as little as'possible. Preserve the fuel

to preserve the heat.

so until help comes.

all the way

section.

this

If you don't use the correct equipment and drive properly, you can lose control when you pull a trailer. For example, if the trailer is too heavy, the brakes may not work passengers could be seriously injured. Pull a trailer only if you have followed all the in

steps

well-or even at all. You and your

i ' - ." "

4-55

Your Driving and the Road

NOTICF Pulling a trailer improperly can repairs not covered by your warranty. advice in this section.

damage your vehicle and result in costly To pull a trailer correctly, follow

the

is different isn handling,

it has to be used properly.

trailer. towing. If it was .built with trailering

it’s ready for‘heavier trailers. But trailering

Every vehicle is ready for some options, as many are, than just driving your vehicle by itself. Trailering means changes durability, and fuel .economy. Successful, safe trailering .takes correct equipment, and That’s the reason for this section. trailering tips and safety rules. Many and that of your passengers. So please read this section carefully before you pull a trailer. If You Do Decide To Pull A Trailer If you do, here are some important .points. 0 There are many different laws having

In it are many time-tested, important

of these are important for your safety

to do with trailering. Make sure

if your trailer will weigh 4,000 pounds a sway control if your trailer

your rig will be legal, not only where you live but also where you’ll be driving. A good source for this information can be state or provincial police. .Consider using a sway control (1 800 kg) or less. You should always use will weigh more than 4,000 pounds (1800 kg). You can ask a hitch dealer about sway controls. Don’t tow a trailer at all during the first vehicle is driven. Your engine, axle, or other parts could be damaged. 500 miles (800 km) that you tow a trailer, don’t Then, during the first drive over 50 mph (80 km/ti) and don’t make ,starts at full throttle. That will help your engine and other parts of your vehicle wear in at the heavier load$. Three important considerations have

500 miles (800 km)

to do with weight:

‘your new

Weight Weight of the Trailer How heavy can a trailer safely be? It should never be more than 13,500 Ibs. (6125.6 kg). But even that can be too heavy. It depends on how you plan altitude, ‘road grades, outside temperature, and how much your vehicle is

to use your rig. For example, speed,

4-56

used to pull a trailer all are important. And, special equipment that you have on your vehicle. You can ask your dealer our trailering information or advice, or you can write us at the address listed in your Warranty and Owner Assistance Information Booklet. In Canada, write to:

it can also depend on any

General Motors of Canada Limited Customer Assistance Center 1908 Colonel Sam Drive Oshawa, Ontario L1H 8P7

for

Weight of the Trailer Tongue The tongue load (A) of any trailer is an important weight to measure because it affects the total, gross weight (GVW) includes the curb weight and the people who will be riding you must add the tongue load carrying that weight, too. See “Loading information about your vehicle’s maximum load capacity.

of your vehicle. The gross vehicle weight of the vehicle, any cargo you may carry

to the GVW because your vehicle will be

Your Vehicle” in the Index

in the vehicle. And

if you will tow a trailer,

for more

in it,

If you’re using a “dead-weight” hitch, the trailer tongue of the total loaded trailer weight the trailer tongue (A) should weigh After you’ve loaded your trailer, weigh the trailer and then the tongue, separately, to see if the weights are proper. to get them right simply by moving some items around in the trailer.

(B). If you have a “weight-distributing” hitch,

12% of the total loaded trailer weight

If they aren’t, you may be able

(B).

AN490002 (A) should weigh 10%

4-57

Your Driving and the Road

are inflated to the limit for cold tires.

Total Weight on Your Vehicle’s Tires Be sure your vehicle’s tires these numbers on the Certification label at the rear edge (or see “Tire Loading” GVW limit for your vehicle. Hitches It’s important to have the correct hitch equipment. Crosswinds, large trucks going by, and rough roads are a few reasons why you’ll need the right hitch. Here are some rules

in the Index). Then be sure you don’t go over the

to follow:

You’ll find of the driver’s door

to use a ball-type

in it to match the hitch and safety

If your vehicle has a step bumper and you are going hitch, remove the pad and cut holes chain holes in the bumper. If you’ll be pulling a trailer that, pounds (1800 kg) be sure hitch and sway control important for proper vehicle loading and good handling when you’re driving.

of the proper size. This equipment

when loaded, will weigh more than

to use a properly mounted weight-distributing

is very

4,000

so that the tongue will not

if it becomes separated from the hitch. Instructions about

just enough slack so you can to drag .on the ground.

Safety Chains You should always attach chains between your vehicle and your trailer. Cross the safety chains under the tongue of the trailer drop to the road or by the trailer safety chains may be provided by the hitch manufacturer manufacturer. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendation for attaching safety chains. Always leave never allow safety chains Trailer Brakes If your trailer weighs more than its own brakes-and they must instructions for the trailer brakes maintain them properly. if the trailer’s brake system will use Don’t tap into your vehicle’s brake system more than 0.02 cubic inch ( 0 . 3 ~ ~ ) of fluid from your vehicles master cylinder. If it does, both braking systems won’t work well. You could even lose your brakes.

1,000 pounds (450 kg) loaded, then be adequate. Be sure so you’ll be able to install, adjust and

turn with your rig. And,

to read and follow the

it needs

psi (20 650 kPa) of pressure?

Will the trailer brake parts take 3,000 not, the trailer brake system must not be used with your vehicle. If everything checks out this port on the master cylinder that sends fluid If you do, use copper tubing for this. Use steel brake tubing.

far, then make the brake fluid tap at the

to the rear brakes. But don’t off.

it will bend and finally break

If

4-58

If the trailer has electric brakes,

the trailer brake controller

is by itself.

still working.

lets you check your

of experience. Before setting out to get to know your rig. Acquaint yourself with of the trailer. And are driving is now a good deal

in mind that the vehicle you

trailer requires a certain amount

so responsive as your vehicle

to be sure that the load is secure, and

Driving with a Trailer Towing a for the open road, you’ll want the feel of handling and braking with the added weight always keep longer and not nearly Before you start, check the trailer hitch and platform, safety chains, electrical connector, lights, tires and mirror adjustment. start your vehicle and trailer moving and then apply by hand to be sure the brakes are working. This electrical connection at the same time. During your trip, check occasionally that the lights and any trailer brakes are Following Distance Stay at least twice as far behind the vehicle ahead as you would when driving your vehicle without a trailer. This can help you avoid situations that require heavy braking and sudden turns. Passing You’ll need more And, because you’re a good deal longer, you’ll need to go much farther beyond the passed vehicle before you can return Backing Up Hold the bottom of the steering wheel with one hand. Then, to move the trailer left, just move your hand move your hand someone guide you. Making Turns When you’re turning with a trailer, make wider turns than normal. Do this your trailer wheels won’t strike soft shoulders, curbs, road signs, trees, or or sudden maneuvers. other objects. Avoid jerky Turn Signals When Towing a Trailer When you tow a trailer, your vehicle has flasher and extra wiring. The green arrows on your instrument panel will flash whenever you signal a turn or lane change. Properly hooked up, the trailer lights will also flash, telling other drivers you’re about to turn, change lanes, or stop. When towing a trailer, the green arrows on your instrument panel will flash for turns even if the bulbs on the trailer

passing distance up ahead when you’re towing a trailer.

to the right. Always back up slowly and,

to the left. To move the trailer

are burned out. Thus, you may think

Signal well in advance.

to have a different

to your lane.

turn signal

to the right, if possible, have

so

4-59

your signal when they are not. It’s important

to

to a lower gear before you start down long

or steep

use your brakes so

to 45 mph (70 to reduce the possibility of engine and transmission overheating.

Your Driving and the Road

still working.

drivers behind you are seeing check occasionally to be sure the trailer bulbs are Driving on Grades Reduce speed and shift downgrade. If you don’t shift down, you might have to much that they would get hot and no longer work well. On a long uphill grade, shift down and reduce your speed kmlh) or less IT you have an automatic transmission, you should use a lower gear) when towing a trailer. Operating your vehicle in a trailer will minimize heat buildup and extend the life Or, if you have a manual transmission with trailer, it’s better not to use fifth gear. Just drive need to, a lower gear). Parking on Hills You really should not park your vehicle, with a trailer attached, on a hill. something goes wrong, your rig could start to move. People can be injured and both your vehicle and the trailer can But if you ever have to park your

rig on a hill, here’s how to do

be damaged.

in fourth gear

D (or, as you need to, D when towing

of your transmission.

fifth gear and you are towing a

(or, as you

If

it:

1. Apply your regular brakes, but don’t shift into

for a manual transmission.

P (Park) yet, or into gear

2. Have someone place chocks under the trailer wheels. 3. When the wheel chocks are

in place, release the regular brakes

chocks absorb the load.

4. Reapply the regular brakes. Then apply your parking brake, and then shift to P (Park), or R (Reverse) for a manual transmission. 5. If you have a four-wheel-drive vehicle, be sure the transfer case

drive gear-not

in N (Neutral).

until the

is in a

6. Release the regular brakes.

4-60

CAUTION

to get out of your

vehicle if the shift lever is not Your vehicle can

It can be dangerous fully in P (Park) with the parking brake firmly set. roll. If you have left the engine running, the vehicle can move suddenly. You or others could be injured. To be sure your vehicle won’t move, when you’re on fairly level ground, use the steps that follow. If you have four-wheel drive and your transfer case your vehicle will be free to So, be sure the transfer case is in If you are parking on “Parking On Hills” in the Index.

a hill, or if you’re pulling a trailer, also see

roll, even if your shift lever is

a drive gear-not

is in N (Neutral), in P (Park).

in N (Neutral).

When You Are Ready to Leave After Parklng on a Hill 1. Apply your regular brakes and you:

hold the pedal down while

Start your engine; Shift into a gear; and Release the parking brake.

2. Let up on the brake pedal. 3. Drive slowly until the trailer is clear 4. Stop and have someone pick up and store the chocks.

of the chocks.

a trailer. See

fluid (don’t overfill),

Maintenance When Trailer To wing Your vehicle will need service more often when you’re pulling the Maintenance Schedule for more on this. Things that are especially important in trailer operation are automatic transmission engine oil, axle lubricant, belts, cooling system, and brake adjustment. Each of these is covered in this manual, and the Index will help you find them quickly. If you’re trailering, it’s a good idea you start your trip. Check periodically to see that all hitch nuts and bolts are tight. mailer Wiring Harness See “Trailer Wiring Harness’’ in the Index.

to review these sections before

4-61

Your Driving and the Road

Power Winches If you wish to use a power winch on your vehicle, only use it when your vehicle

is

NOTICE

Use the regular brakes, set the parking brake or block the wheels your vehicle from rolling. Power rake-off (PTO)

to keep

to the manufacturer’s or installer’s

Before using a power take-off, refer instructions. To engage a power take-off: 1. Set ths parking brake. 2. Shift the transmission into N (Neutral). 3. Hold the clutch pedal down and engage the power take-off.

If you are going to drive the vehicle, shift the transmission into the gear you want. Then shift the transfer case into the range you want have four-wheel-drive), apply the regular brakes and release the parking brake.

(if you

4. Release the clutch (and the regular brakes) as you normally would.

When you release the clutch, the power take-off will start.

4-62

Using a Transfer Case Mounted Power Take-Off (Manual Transmission)

1. Set the parking brake. 2. Shift the transfer case into 3. Hold the clutch pedal down. If the vehicle will remain gear.

shift the transmission into the highest

N (Neutral).

4. Engage the power take-off.

in the same place,

If you are going you want. Then shift the transfer case into the range you want, apply the regular brakes and release the parking brake.

to drive the vehicle, shift

the transmission into the gear

5 Release the clutch (and the regular brakes) as you normally would.

When you release the clutch, the power take-off will start.

Using a Transfer Case Mounted Power Take-Off (Automatic Transmission)

Set the parking brake.

N (Neutral). 2. Shift the transfer case into 3. Shift the transmission into N (Neutral). 4. Engage the power take-off.

If you are going range you want. Then apply the regular brakes and release the parking brake.

to drive the vehicle, shift the transfer case into the

5. Shift the transmission 6. Release the regular brakes to drive the vehicle.

to D (Drive) to start the power take-off.

4-63

’ -

- 1 - . *-

”’ I . I b ‘

-.;

Pmb/ems on the Road

1 Section

to do about some problems that can occur on the road Here you’ll find what Hazard Warning Flasher ....................................................................................... 5-2 Other Warning Devices ......................................................................................... 5-3 Jump Starting ........................................................................................................ 5-3 Towing Your Vehicle .............................................................................................. 5-8 Engine Overheating ............................................................................................... 5-9 a Tire Goes Flat .............................................................................................. 5-17 If Changing a Flat Tire ....................................................................................... 5-17 Jack Storage .................................................................................................... 5-19 Spare Tire ........................................................................................................ 5-20 Ice or Snow ................................................... You’re Stuck: In Sand. Mud. 5-33

If

5-1

Hazard Warning Flashers

. .' ~.

AM505004

Your hazard warning flashers let you warn others. They also let police know you have a problem. Your front and rear off. But they won't flash

turn signal lights will flash

if you are braking.

on and

L ' I

K2503

to make your

Press the button in and off. Your hazard warning flashers work no matter what position your key and even

if the key isn't in.

front and rear turn signal lights flash on

is in,

5-2

.

To turn off the flasher, pull out on the collar. When the hazard warning flashers are on, your Other Warning Devices If you carry reflective triangles, you can set one about 300 feet (100 m) behind your vehicle. Jump Starting If your battery (or batteries) has run down, you may want vehicle and some jumper cables steps- below to do it safely.

turn signals won’t work.

up at the side of the road

to start your vehicle. But please follow the

to use another

CAUTION Batteries can hurt

you. They

can be dangerous because:

They contain acid that can burn They contain gas that can explode They contain enough

you.

te. electricity to burn you. ’ !ps exactly, some or all

If you don’t follow these

n hurt

of tt- --e things

-I To Jump Start Your Vehicle 1. Check the other vehicle.

12-volt battery with a negative

It must have a

’

ground system.

If the other system isn’t I vehicles can be damaged.

a 12-volt system with a negative ground, bot

If you have a diesel engine vehicle with two batteries (or more), you should know before you begin that, especially

in cold weather, you may

5-3

Pmbkms on the Road

not be able to get enough power from a single battery to start your diesel engine. If your vehicle has more than one battery, use the battery that’s closest to the starter-this will reduce electrical resistance.

in another vehicle

2. Get the vehicles close enough

so the jumper cables can reach,

sure the vehicles aren’t touching each other. ground connection you don’t want. You wouldn’t be able vehicle, and the bad grounding could damage the electrical systems.

If they are,

but be it could cause a to start your

You could be injured

1 on each vehicle. Put an automatic transmission

if the vehicles roll. Set the parking brake firmly in P (Park) or a

manual transmission If you have a four-wheel-drive vehicle, be sure the transfer case not in N (Neutral).

in N (Neutral).

is

3. Turn off the ignition on both vehicles.

Turn off all lights that aren’t need-

ed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries. And it could save your radio!

ou leave your radio on,

it could be badly damaged. The repairs

r.,Jldn’t be covered by your warranty.

4. Open the hoods and locate the batteries. Find the positive (t) and negative (-)

terminals on each battery.

5-4

IA Using a match near a battery can cause battery gas

to explode. People have been hurt doing this, and some have been blinded. Use a flashiight if you need more light. Be sure the batteries have enough water. water to the Delco Freedom* battery (or batteries) instailed in every new GM vehicle. But if a battery has filler caps, be sure the right fluid is there. If it is low, add water to take care of that amount of first. If you don’t, explosive gas could be present. .hr~ic;. Battery fluid conbins acid that can burn you. Don’t. get it. on you. the placl .with water and get medical help immediately.

it in your eyes or on your skin, ftush

You-don? need to adb

, ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ -

-2-

. you accidentally get

~ ~ ~ ~ -

: ~ ~ . ~ . ~ .

5. Check that the jumper cables don’t have loose

or missing insulation. If

a shock. The vehicles could be damaged, too.

they do, you could get Before you connect the cables, here are some things you should know. Positive (t) will go to positive (t) and negative (-) will go to negative or you’ll get a (-)