a safe distance, signal that you are going to change lanes. Glance over your shoulder to verify traffic is clear, and carefully change lanes. When the approaching vehicle is at a distance, its image is small and near the inboard edge of the main mirror. As the vehicle approaches, the image becomes larger and begins to move outboard across the main mirror (1). As the vehicle approaches its image will transition from the main mirror and begin to appear in the blind spot mirror (2). As the vehicle leaves the blind spot mirror it will transition to the driver’s peripheral field of view (3).
WARNING: Objects in the blind spot mirror are closer than they appear.
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FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE (4WD) OPERATION (IF EQUIPPED)
WARNING: For important information regarding safe operation of this type of vehicle, see Preparing to drive your vehicle in
this chapter.
Four–wheel drive (4WD) supplies power to all four wheels. 4WD should not be operated on dry pavement; driveline damage may occur. If equipped with the electronic shift 4WD system, and 4X4 low is selected while the vehicle is moving above 3 mph (5 km/h), the 4WD system will not perform a shift. This is normal and should be no reason for concern. Refer to Shifting to/from 4L (4X4 Low) for proper operation.
4WD indicator lights The indicator lights illuminate in the message center in the reconfigurable telltale (RTT) location under the following conditions. Refer to Warning lights and chimes in the Instrument Cluster chapter. • 4X2 - Momentarily illuminates
4x2
AWD
4x4
HIGH
4x4
LOW
when 2H is selected on electronic shift 4WD systems only.
• AWD - Illuminates when AWD is
selected (all-wheel drive equipped vehicles only).
• 4X4 HIGH - Illuminates when 4H
is selected.
• 4X4 LOW - Illuminates when 4L
is selected.
•
- Illuminates when the
electronic locking differential (ELD) is selected (if equipped).
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• CHECK 4X4 - Displays when a
4X4 fault is present.
Driving
Note: When a 4X4 system fault is present, the system will typically
remain in whichever 4X4 mode was selected prior to the fault condition
occurring. It will not default to 4X2 in all circumstances. When this
warning is displayed, have your vehicle serviced by an authorized dealer.
Using a manual 4WD system (if equipped)
2H (4X2) – Power to the rear
wheels only; used for street and
highway driving. Provides optimal
smoothness and fuel economy at
high speeds.
4H (4X4 High) – Used for extra
traction such as in snow or icy roads
or in off-road situations. Not
intended for use on dry pavement.
N (Neutral) – No power to either
front or rear wheels.
4L (4X4 Low) – Uses extra gearing to provide maximum power to all
four wheels at reduced speeds. Intended only for off-road applications
such as deep sand, steep grades or pulling heavy objects. The shift lever
will not engage 4L (4X4 LOW) until the transmission is in N (neutral)
and the vehicle is moving below 3 mph (5 km/h); this is normal and
should be no reason for concern. Refer to Shifting to/from 4L (4X4
Low) for proper operation.
Shifting between 2H (4X2) and 4H (4X4 high)
• Move the transfer case lever between 2H (4X2) and 4H (4X4 high) at
a stop or any forward speed.
Note: Momentarily releasing the accelerator pedal while performing a shift will improve engagement/disengagement times. Note: Do not perform this operation if the rear wheels are slipping. Note: Some noise may be heard as the system shifts or engages; this is normal. Note: 4X4 high mode is not intended for use on dry pavement. Shifting to/from 4L (4X4 low) 1. Bring the vehicle to a speed of 3 mph (5 km/h) or less. 2. Place the transmission in N (Neutral).
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3. Move the transfer case lever through N (Neutral) directly to the desired position. • If the transfer case will not engage into 4L (4X4 low) do not force
the lever. Allow the vehicle to coast at a speed below 3 mph (5 km/h), then repeat Steps 2 and 3.
Note: Some noise may be heard as the system shifts or engages; this is normal. Note: 4X4 low mode is not intended for use on dry pavement. Note: For proper operation in 4X4 low, ensure the transfer case shift lever is moved entirely rearward in to the 4L (4X4 Low) position and that the 4x4 Low light is displayed in the message center. Note: Ideal 4L (4X4 low) shift conditions occur when the vehicle is rolling at a speed below 3 mph (5 km/h) and the transmission is in N (Neutral). Using the N (Neutral) position The transfer case N (Neutral) position overrides the transmission and puts the vehicle in neutral regardless of transmission gearshift lever position. The vehicle can move forward or backward. This position should only be used when towing the vehicle.
WARNING: Do not leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the N (Neutral) position. Always set the parking
brake fully and turn off the ignition when leaving the vehicle.
Using the electronic shift 4WD system (if equipped) 2H (2WD) - For general on-road driving. Sends power to the rear wheels only and should be used for street and highway driving. Provides optimal smoothness and fuel economy at high speeds. 4H (4X4 High) - Used for extra traction such as in snow or icy roads or in off road situations. This mode is not intended for use on dry pavement.
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4L (4X4 Low) - Uses extra gearing to provide maximum power to all four wheels at reduced speeds. Intended only for off-road applications such as deep sand, steep grades or pulling heavy objects. 4L (4X4 low) will not engage while the vehicle is moving above 3 mph (5 km/h); this is normal and should be no reason for concern. Refer to Shifting to/from 4L (4X4 low) for proper operation. Shifting between 2H (4X2) and 4H (4X4 high) Move the 4WD control between 2H (4X2) and 4H (4X4 high) at any forward speed. The message center will display 4X4 SHIFT IN PROGRESS during the system shift. “4X4 HIGH” will display in the message center if 4H is selected and “4X2” will momentarily display in the message center if 2H is selected. If SHIFT DELAYED PULL FORWARD is displayed in the message center during the mode shift, transfer case gear tooth blockage is present. To alleviate this condition, place the transmission in a forward gear and move the vehicle forward approximately 5 feet (2 meters) to allow the transfer case to complete the mode shift. Note: Momentarily releasing the accelerator pedal while performing a shift will improve engagement/disengagement times. Note: Do not perform this operation if the rear wheels are slipping. Note: Some noise may be heard as the system shifts or engages; this is normal. Note: 4X4 high mode is not intended for use on dry pavement. Shifting to/from 4L (4X4 low) 1. Bring the vehicle to a speed of 3 mph (5 km/h) or less. 2. Place the transmission in N (Neutral). 3. Move the 4WD control to the desired position. The message center will display 4X4 SHIFT IN PROGRESS during the shift. The message center will then display the system mode selected. If any of the above shift conditions are not met, the shift will not occur and the message center will display information guiding the driver through the proper shifting procedures. If SHIFT DELAYED PULL FORWARD is displayed in the message center, transfer case gear tooth blockage is present. To alleviate this condition, place the transmission in a forward gear, move the vehicle forward approximately 5 feet (1.5 m), and shift the transmission back to neutral to allow the transfer case to complete the range shift.
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Note: Some noise may be heard as the system shifts or engages; this is
normal.
Note: 4x4 low mode is not intended for use on dry pavement.
Using the all-wheel drive (AWD) system
(if equipped, Harley-Davidson™ only)
This system includes an electronically controlled transfer case. The
system is interactive with the road, continually monitoring and adjusting
torque delivery to the front and rear wheels to optimize traction.
2H (4X2) - Power to the rear
wheels only; used for street and
highway driving. Provides optimal
smoothness and fuel economy at
high speeds. The message center
will momentarily display “4X2” when
this mode is selected.
AWD (4X4 auto) - Power delivered
to all four wheels, as required, for
increased traction.
4H (4X4 high) - Used for extra
traction on snow covered or icy roads and in off-road situations. This
position is not recommended for use on dry pavement. This position is
only intended for severe winter or off-road conditions, such as deep
snow, ice or deep sand. The message center will display “4X4 High”
when this mode is selected.
Note: Do not use 4H (4X4 high) on dry, hard surfaced roads. Doing so
will produce excessive noise, increased tire wear and may damage drive
components. 4H (4X4 High) is only intended for consistently slippery or
loose surfaces. Use of 4H (4X4 High) on these surfaces may produce
some noise (such as occasional clunks), but will not damage drive
components.
Shifting between 2H (4X2) and AWD (auto) or 4H (high)
Move the control from the 2H position to the AWD or 4H position at a
stop or while driving at any forward speed. The message center may
display ⬙4X4 SHIFT IN PROGRESS⬙ during the system shift. The message
center will then display “AWD” if AWD has been selected or “4X4 high” if
4H is selected. The message center will momentarily display “4X2” if 2H
has been selected.
Note: 4X4 high mode is not intended for use on dry pavement
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Shifting between AWD (auto) and 4H (high) Move the control from AWD to 4H at a stop or while driving at any speed. The message center will display “AWD” if AWD has been selected and “4X4 high” if 4H has been selected Note: 4X4 high mode is not intended for use on dry pavement
Electronic locking differential (ELD) (if equipped) The electronic locking differential (ELD) is a device housed in the rear axle which allows both rear wheels to turn at the same speed. The ELD can provide additional traction should the vehicle become stuck. The ELD is electronically activated by the driver and can be shifted on the fly. It is intended for use in mud, rocks, sand, or any off-road condition where maximum traction is needed. It is not intended for use on dry pavement. The ELD is affected by the following conditions: • The 4WD control must be in either 4H (4X4 high) or 4L (4X4 low) • The ELD will not engage if the vehicle speed is above 20 mph • In 4H (4X4 high), the ELD will disengage at speeds above 25 mph (40 km/h) and will automatically reengage at speeds below 20 mph (30 km/h). • In 4L (4X4 low), the ELD will disengage at speeds above 62 mph
(30 km/h) in 4X4 high or 56 mph (90 km/h) in 4X4 low.
mode.
(100 km/h) and will automatically reengage at speeds below 56 mph (90 km/h).
The ELD is designed for off-road use only and is not intended for use on dry pavement.
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Activating the electronic locking differential (ELD)
The ELD can be turned on by
pulling the knob on the 4WD control
toward you while the control is in
either 4H (4X4 high) or 4L (4X4
low) mode.
Once the knob is pulled, the
light located on the control will
blink for approximately two seconds
and then it will remain solid. The
indicator light will also display in
the message center.
Once the
remains solid and the
light is displayed in the message
center, both rear wheel axle shafts
will be locked together providing
added traction.
If the
indicator
light in the message center turns off, one of the following has occurred:
• The vehicle speed is too high.
• The left and right rear wheel speed difference is too high during an
• The system has malfunctioned and will be accompanied by a CHECK
light blinks for 10 seconds, then turns off, and the
light on the control indicator
engagement attempt.
LOCKING DIFFERENTIAL message in the message center.
Note: If the ELD has difficulty disengaging, release the accelerator pedal and turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction while rolling.
Driving off-road with truck and utility vehicles
4WD vehicles are specially equipped for driving on sand, snow, mud and
rough terrain and have operating characteristics that are somewhat
different from conventional vehicles, both on and off the road.
Your vehicle may be equipped with a front air dam that can become
damaged (due to reduced ground clearance) when taking your vehicle
off-road. This air dam can be taken off by removing two bolts.
For vehicles equipped with a 3.5L Ecoboost™ engine:
Your vehicle is equipped with an underbody transmission shield and
brackets that may become damaged (due to reduced ground clearance)
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when taking your vehicle off-road. Remove the shield by disengaging the fasteners at each corner of the shield. Then, remove the shield rear brackets by removing the bracket to frame bolts, or have your authorized dealer perform the work for you How your vehicle differs from other vehicles Truck and utility vehicles can differ from some other vehicles. Your vehicle may be higher to allow it to travel over rough terrain without getting hung up or damaging underbody components. The differences that make your vehicle so versatile also make it handle differently than an ordinary passenger car. Maintain steering wheel control at all times, especially in rough terrain. Since sudden changes in terrain can result in abrupt steering wheel motion, make sure you grip the steering wheel from the outside. Do not grip the spokes. Drive cautiously to avoid vehicle damage from concealed objects such as rocks and stumps. You should either know the terrain or examine maps of the area before driving. Map out your route before driving in the area. To maintain steering and braking control of your vehicle, you must have all four wheels on the ground and they must be rolling, not sliding or spinning. Basic operating principles • Do not use 4WD on dry, hard surfaced roads. Doing so will produce
excessive noise, increase tire wear and may damage drive components. 4WD modes are only intended for consistently slippery or loose surfaces.
• Drive slower in strong crosswinds which can affect the normal steering • Be extremely careful when driving on pavement made slippery by
characteristics of your vehicle.
loose sand, water, gravel, snow or ice.
If your vehicle goes off the edge of the pavement • If your vehicle goes off the edge of the pavement, slow down, but avoid severe brake application, ease the vehicle back onto the pavement only after reducing your speed. Do not turn the steering wheel too sharply while returning to the road surface.
• It may be safer to stay on the apron or shoulder of the road and slow down gradually before returning to the pavement. You may lose control if you do not slow down or if you turn the steering wheel too sharply or abruptly.
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reflectors, with minor damage to your vehicle rather than attempt a sudden return to the pavement which could cause the vehicle to slide sideways out of control or roll over. Remember, your safety and the safety of others should be your primary concern.
WARNING: Vehicles with a higher center of gravity such as utility and four-wheel drive vehicles handle differently than vehicles with a lower center of gravity. Utility and four-wheel drive vehicles are not designed for cornering at speeds as high as passenger cars any more than low-slung sports cars are designed to perform satisfactorily under off-road conditions. Avoid sharp turns, excessive speed and abrupt maneuvers in these vehicles. Failure to drive cautiously could result in an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal injury and death.
If your vehicle gets stuck If your vehicle gets stuck in mud or snow it may be rocked out by shifting between forward and reverse gears, stopping between shifts, in a steady pattern. Press lightly on the accelerator in each gear. Do not rock the vehicle if the engine is not at normal operating temperature or damage to the transmission may occur. Do not rock the vehicle for more than a few minutes or damage to the transmission and tires may occur or the engine may overheat.
WARNING: Do not spin the wheels at over 35 mph (56 km/h). The tires may fail and injure a passenger or bystander.
Emergency maneuvers • In an unavoidable emergency situation where a sudden sharp turn must be made, remember to avoid “over-driving” your vehicle, i.e., turn the steering wheel only as rapidly and as far as required to avoid the emergency. Excessive steering will result in less vehicle control, not more. Additionally, smooth variations of the accelerator and/or brake pedal pressure should be utilized if changes in vehicle speed are called for. Avoid abrupt steering, acceleration or braking which could result in an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover and/or personal injury. Use all available road surface to return the vehicle to a safe direction of travel.
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Driving • In the event of an emergency stop, avoid skidding the tires and do not
attempt any sharp steering wheel movements.
WARNING: Vehicles with a higher center of gravity such as utility and four-wheel drive vehicles handle differently than vehicles with a lower center of gravity. Utility and four-wheel drive vehicles are not designed for cornering at speeds as high as passenger cars any more than low-slung sports cars are designed to perform satisfactorily under off-road conditions. Avoid sharp turns, excessive speed and abrupt maneuvers in these vehicles. Failure to drive cautiously could result in an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal injury and death. • If the vehicle goes from one type of surface to another (i.e., from concrete to gravel) there will be a change in the way the vehicle responds to a maneuver (steering, acceleration or braking). Again, avoid these abrupt inputs.
Parking On some 4WD vehicles, when the transfer case is in the N (Neutral) position, the engine and transmission are disconnected from the rest of the driveline. Therefore, the vehicle is free to roll even if the automatic transmission is in P (Park) or the manual transmission is in gear. Do not leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the N (Neutral) position. Always set the parking brake fully and turn off the ignition when leaving the vehicle.
WARNING: Always set the parking brake fully and make sure the gearshift is latched in P (Park). Turn the ignition to the off
position and remove the key whenever you leave your vehicle.
WARNING: If the parking brake is fully released, but the brake warning lamp remains illuminated, the brakes may not be
working properly. See your authorized dealer.
4WD systems 4WD (when you select a 4WD mode) uses all four wheels to power the vehicle. This increases traction, enabling you to drive over terrain and road conditions that a conventional two-wheel drive vehicle cannot. Power is supplied to all four wheels through a transfer case. On 4WD vehicles, the transfer case allows you to select 4WD when necessary.
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Information on transfer case operation and shifting procedures can be
found in this chapter. Information on transfer case maintenance can be
found in the Maintenance and Specifications chapter. You should
become thoroughly familiar with this information before you operate
your vehicle.
Normal characteristics
On some 4WD models, the initial shift from two-wheel drive to 4x4 while
the vehicle is moving can cause some momentary clunk and ratcheting
sounds. This is the front drivetrain coming up to speed and the
automatic locking hubs engaging and is not cause for concern.
Sand
When driving over sand, try to keep all four wheels on the most solid
area of the trail. Avoid reducing the tire pressures but shift to a lower
gear and drive steadily through the terrain. Apply the accelerator slowly
and avoid spinning the wheels.
Avoid excessive speed because vehicle momentum can work against you
and cause the vehicle to become stuck to the point that assistance may
be required from another vehicle. Remember, you may be able to back
out the way you came if you proceed with caution.
Mud and water
If you must drive through high
water, drive slowly. Traction or
brake capability may be limited.
When driving through water,
determine the depth; avoid water
higher than the bottom of the hubs
(if possible) and proceed slowly. If
the ignition system gets wet, the
vehicle may stall.
Once through water, always try the brakes. Wet brakes do not stop the
vehicle as effectively as dry brakes. Drying can be improved by moving
your vehicle slowly while applying light pressure on the brake pedal.
Be cautious of sudden changes in vehicle speed or direction when you
are driving in mud. Even 4WD vehicles can lose traction in slick mud. As
when you are driving over sand, apply the accelerator slowly and avoid
spinning your wheels. If the vehicle does slide, steer in the direction of
the slide until you regain control of the vehicle.
If the transmission, transfer case or front axle are submerged in water,
their fluids should be checked and changed, if necessary.
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Driving through deep water may damage the transmission. If the front or rear axle is submerged in water, the axle lubricant should be replaced. After driving through mud, clean off residue stuck to rotating driveshafts and tires. Excess mud stuck on tires and rotating driveshafts causes an imbalance that could damage drive components. “Tread Lightly” is an educational program designed to increase public awareness of land-use regulations and responsibilities in our nations wilderness areas. Ford Motor Company joins the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management in encouraging you to help preserve our national forest and other public and private lands by “treading lightly.” Driving on hilly or sloping terrain Although natural obstacles may make it necessary to travel diagonally up or down a hill or steep incline, you should always try to drive straight up or straight down. Avoid driving crosswise or turning on steep slopes or hills. A danger lies in losing traction, slipping sideways and possibly rolling over. Whenever driving on a hill, determine beforehand the route you will use. Do not drive over the crest of a hill without seeing what conditions are on the other side. Do not drive in reverse over a hill without the aid of an observer. When climbing a steep slope or hill, start in a lower gear rather than downshifting to a lower gear from a higher gear once the ascent has started. This reduces strain on the engine and the possibility of stalling. If you do stall out, do not try to turn around because you might roll over. It is better to back down to a safe location. Apply just enough power to the wheels to climb the hill. Too much power will cause the tires to slip, spin or lose traction, resulting in loss of vehicle control.
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Descend a hill in the same gear you would use to climb up the hill to avoid excessive brake application and brake overheating. Do not descend in neutral; instead, disengage overdrive or manually shift to a lower gear. When descending a steep hill, avoid sudden hard braking as you could lose control. When you brake hard, the front wheels can’t turn and if they aren’t turning, you won’t be able to steer. The front wheels have to be turning in order to steer the vehicle. Rapid pumping of the brake pedal will help you slow the vehicle and still maintain steering control. If your vehicle has anti-lock brakes, apply the brakes steadily. Do not “pump” the brakes. Driving on snow and ice 4WD vehicles have advantages over 2WD vehicles in snow and ice but can skid like any other vehicle. Should you start to slide while driving on snowy or icy roads, turn the steering wheel in the direction of the slide until you regain control. Avoid sudden applications of power and quick changes of direction on snow and ice. Apply the accelerator slowly and steadily when starting from a full stop. Avoid sudden braking as well. Although a 4WD vehicle may accelerate better than a two-wheel drive vehicle in snow and ice, it won’t stop any faster, because as in other vehicles, braking occurs at all four wheels. Do not become overconfident as to road conditions. Make sure you allow sufficient distance between you and other vehicles for stopping. Drive slower than usual and consider using one of the lower gears. In emergency stopping situations, apply the brake steadily. Do not “pump” the brakes. Refer to the Brakes section of this chapter for additional information on the operation of the Anti-lock Brake System (ABS).
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WARNING: If you are driving in slippery conditions that require tire chains or cables, then it is critical that you drive cautiously.
Keep speeds down, allow for longer stopping distances and avoid aggressive steering to reduce the chances of a loss of vehicle control which can lead to serious injury or death. If the rear end of the vehicle slides while cornering, steer in the direction of the slide until you regain control of the vehicle.
Maintenance and modifications The suspension and steering systems on your vehicle have been designed and tested to provide predictable performance whether loaded or empty and durable load carrying capability. For this reason, Ford Motor Company strongly recommends that you do not make modifications such as adding or removing parts (such as lift kits or stabilizer bars) or by using replacement parts not equivalent to the original factory equipment. Snow plow restriction
WARNING: Ford does not recommend the use of any F-150
model to be upfitted and equipped with snow plow hardware for
use as a snow plow vehicle.
Any modifications to a vehicle that raise the center of gravity can make it more likely the vehicle will roll over as a result of a loss of control. Ford Motor Company recommends that caution be used with any vehicle equipped with a high load or device (such as ladder racks or pickup box cover). Failure to maintain your vehicle properly may void the warranty, increase your repair cost, reduce vehicle performance and operational capabilities and adversely affect driver and passenger safety. Frequent inspection of vehicle chassis components is recommended if the vehicle is subjected to heavy off-road usage.
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DRIVING THROUGH WATER If driving through deep or standing water is unavoidable, proceed very slowly. Never drive through water that is higher than the bottom of the wheel rims (for cars) or the bottom of the hubs (for trucks).
When driving through water, traction or brake capability may be limited. Also, water may enter your engine’s air intake and severely damage your engine or your vehicle may stall. Driving through deep water where the transmission vent tube is submerged may allow water into the transmission and cause internal transmission damage. Once through the water, always dry the brakes by moving your vehicle slowly while applying light pressure on the brake pedal. Wet brakes do not stop the vehicle as quickly as dry brakes.
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Roadside Emergencies
ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE
Vehicles sold in the U.S. : Getting roadside assistance To fully assist you should you have a vehicle concern, Ford Motor Company offers a complimentary roadside assistance program. This program is separate from the New Vehicle Limited Warranty. The service is available: • 24-hours, seven days a week • for the coverage period listed on the Roadside Assistance Card
included in your Owner Guide portfolio.
responsibility)
supplied with a tire inflation kit)
Roadside assistance will cover: • a flat tire change with a good spare (except vehicles that have been • battery jump start • lock-out assistance (key replacement cost is the customer’s • fuel delivery – Independent Service Contractors, if not prohibited by state, local or municipal law shall deliver up to 2.0 gallons (7.5L) of gasoline or 5.0 gallons (18.9L) of diesel fuel to a disabled vehicle. Fuel delivery service is limited to two no-charge occurrences within a 12-month period. • winch out – available within 100 feet (30.5 meters) of a paved or • towing – Ford and Lincoln eligible vehicles towed to an authorized dealer within 35 miles (56 km) of the disablement location or to the nearest authorized dealer. If a member requests to be towed to an authorized dealer more than 35 miles (56 km) from the disablement location, the member shall be responsible for any mileage costs in excess of 35 miles (56 km).
county maintained road, no recoveries.
Trailers shall be covered up to $200 if the disabled eligible vehicle requires service at the nearest authorized dealer. If the trailer is disabled, but the towing vehicle is operational, the trailer does not qualify for any roadside services.
Vehicles sold in the U.S. : Using roadside assistance Complete the roadside assistance identification card and place it in your wallet for quick reference. This card is found in the Owner’s Guide portfolio in the glove compartment.
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U.S. Ford vehicle customers who require Roadside Assistance, call 1-800-241-3673. If you need to arrange roadside assistance for yourself, Ford Motor Company will reimburse a reasonable amount for towing to the nearest dealership within 35 miles (56 km). To obtain reimbursement information, U.S. Ford vehicle customers call 1-800-241-3673. Customers will be asked to submit their original receipts.
Vehicles sold in Canada : Getting roadside assistance Canadian customers who require roadside assistance, call 1–800–665–2006.
Vehicles sold in Canada : Using roadside assistance Complete the roadside assistance identification card and place it in your wallet for quick reference. In Canada, the card is found in the Warranty Guide in the glove box. Canadian Roadside coverage and benefits may differ from the U.S. coverage. Please refer to your Warranty Guide or visit our website at www.ford.ca for information on Canadian services and benefits. Canadian customers who need to obtain roadside information, call 1-800-665-2006 or visit our website at www.ford.ca.
HAZARD FLASHER CONTROL The hazard flasher control is located on the instrument panel by the radio. The hazard flashers will operate when the ignition is in any position or if the key is not in the ignition. • Press the flasher control and all front and rear direction signals will • Press the flasher control again to turn them off. Use it when your vehicle is disabled and is creating a safety hazard for other motorists. Note: With extended use, the flasher may run down your battery.
flash.
FUEL PUMP SHUT-OFF
In the event of a moderate to severe collision, this vehicle is equipped
with a fuel pump shut-off feature that stops the flow of fuel to the
engine. Not every impact will cause a shut-off.
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Should your vehicle shut off after a collision due to this feature, you may restart your vehicle by doing the following: 1. Turn the ignition switch to the off position. 2. Turn the ignition switch to the on position. In some instances the vehicle may not restart the first time you try to restart and may take one additional attempt.
WARNING: Failure to inspect and if necessary repair fuel leaks after a collision may increase the risk of fire and serious injury. Ford Motor Company recommends that the fuel system be inspected by an authorized dealer after any collision.
FUSES AND RELAYS
Fuses If electrical components in the vehicle are not working, a fuse may have blown. Blown fuses are identified by a broken wire within the fuse. Check the appropriate fuses before replacing any electrical components. Note: Always replace a fuse with one that has the specified amperage rating. Using a fuse with a higher amperage rating can cause severe wire damage and could start a fire. Standard fuse amperage rating and color
15
COLOR
Fuse rating
2A 3A 4A 5A 7.5A 10A 15A
Mini fuses
Grey Violet Pink Tan
Brown
Red Blue
Standard
fuses
Grey Violet Pink Tan
Brown
Red Blue
Maxi fuses
Cartridge
maxi fuses
Fuse link cartridge
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — —
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COLOR
Fuse rating
20A 25A 30A 40A 50A 60A 70A 80A
Mini fuses
Yellow Natural Green
Standard
fuses
Yellow Natural Green
— — — — —
— — — — —
Maxi fuses
Yellow
—
Green Orange
Red Blue Tan
Natural
Cartridge
maxi fuses Blue
Natural
Pink Green Red Yellow
—
Black
Fuse link cartridge
Blue
Natural
Pink Green Red Yellow Brown Black
Passenger compartment fuse panel The fuse panel is located under the right-hand side of the instrument panel. To remove the trim panel for access to the fuse box, pull the panel toward you and swing it out away from the side and remove it. To reinstall it, line up the tabs with the grooves on the panel, then push it shut.
To remove the fuse box cover, press in the tabs on both sides of the cover, then pull the cover off. To reinstall the fuse box cover, place the top part of the cover on the fuse panel, then push the bottom part of the cover until you hear it click shut. Gently pull on the cover to make sure it is seated properly.
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10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
49
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
48
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
The fuses are coded as follows.
Fuse/Relay Location
Fuse Amp
Rating
10
11
30A 15A 30A 10A 20A 5A 7.5A
10A 10A
10A 10A
Protected Circuits
Driver side front window SYNC威 Passenger side front window Interior lamps Memory module Not used (spare) Power mirror switch, Memory seat module Not used (spare) Radio display, GPS module, Navigation display Run/accessory relay Instrument cluster
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Fuse/Relay Location
Fuse Amp
Rating
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
15A
15A 15A 15A
10A 10A 10A
20A 20A 10A 20A 15A 15A
15A 5A 20A 15A 20A 15A 5A 15A
10A 10A
5A
Protected Circuits
Interior lighting, Puddle lamps,
Backlighting, Cargo lamp
Right turn signals/stop lamps
Left turn signals/stop lamps
Reverse lights, High-mounted stop
lamp
Right low-beam headlamp
Left low-beam headlamp
Brake-shift interlock, Keypad
illumination, PCM wakeup, PATS
Audio amplifier
Power door locks
Ambient lighting
Horn
Steering wheel control module
Datalink connector, Steering
wheel control module
Not used (spare)
Radio frequency module
Not used (spare)
Ignition switch
Radio/Navigation
Front parking lamps
BOO – IP, BOO – Engine
Delay/accessory – moon roof,
power windows, locks, Automatic
dimming mirror/Compass
Heated seats
Reverse sensing system, 4x4
switch, Rear video, Off road
indicator (SVT Raptor)
Hill descent switch (SVT Raptor)
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Protected Circuits
Restraint control module, Occupant classification system module Trailer brake control Delayed accessory – 110V power point, Radio (AM/FM) High beam headlamps Rear park lamps Passenger airbag deactivation indicator, Upfitter switch (SVT Raptor) Overdrive cancel switch Not used (spare) Not used (spare) Not used (spare) Climate controls module Fog lamps, Exterior mirror turn signals Power rear windows, Power sliding back window Delayed accessory
Fuse Amp
Rating
10A
10A 10A
15A 10A 7.5A
5A 10A 10A 5A 10A 15A
30A Circuit
Breaker Relay
Fuse/Relay Location
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Power distribution box The power distribution box is located in the engine compartment. The power distribution box contains high-current fuses that protect your vehicle’s main electrical systems from overloads.
WARNING: Always disconnect the battery before servicing high current fuses.
WARNING: To reduce risk of electrical shock, always replace the cover to the power distribution box before reconnecting the
battery or refilling fluid reservoirs.
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If the battery has been disconnected and reconnected, refer to the Battery section of the Maintenance and Specifications chapter.
The high-current fuses are coded as follows:
Fuse/Relay Location
Fuse Amp
Rating
Protected Circuits
10
11
12
334
—
— — — — — — — — —
30A** 40A** 50A**
Powertrain control module (PCM) relay (3.7L, 5.0L and 6.2L engines) Starter relay Blower motor relay Rear window defroster relay Electric fan relay (high speed) Trailer tow (TT) park lamp relay Run/start relay Fuel pump relay TT Battery charger relay PCM relay (3.5L engine) Power running board motors Electric fan Electric fan (6.2L with max trailer tow, SVT Raptor)
2011 F-150 (f12) Owners Guide, 3rd Printing USA (fus)
Fuse/Relay Location
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Fuse Amp
Rating 30A** 30A** 40A** 50A**
—
30A** 30A** 30A** 20A** 30A** 20A**
— — —
10A*
20A* 10A* 10A* 10A* 15A* 40A**
40A** 40A**
50A**
—
30A**
Roadside Emergencies
Protected Circuits
Starter relay power Passenger power seat Electric fan Electric fan (6.2L with max trailer tow, SVT Raptor) Not used Trailer brake control Upfitter 1 (SVT Raptor) Upfitter 2 (SVT Raptor) 4x4 module (electronic shift) TT battery charge relay power Cigar lighter A/C clutch relay Not used Vacuum pump relay (3.5L engine) PCM – keep alive power, PCM relay coil, canister vent solenoid (3.7L, 5.0L and 6.2L engines) Fuel pump relay power Upfitter 4 (SVT Raptor) 4x4 IWE solenoid A/C clutch Run/start relay power Rear window defroster relay power 110V AC power point PCM relay power (3.7L, 5.0L and 6.2L engines) PCM relay power (3.5L engine) Not used Roll stability control (RSC)/Anti-lock brake system (ABS)
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Fuse/Relay Location
Fuse Amp
Rating
Protected Circuits
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
— — — — — 5A* 15A* 15A* 10A*
10A* 60A** 20A** 30A**
—
40A** 5A*
5A* 5A*
—
15A*
— — — — — —
25A**
TT left stop/turn relay TT right stop/turn relay TT back-up lamps relay Electric fan relay Not used Run/start coil TT back-up lamp relay power Upfitter 3 (SVT Raptor) Alternator sensor (non-6.2L engines) Brake on/off (BOO) switch RSC/ABS module Moon roof Wipers Not used Blower motor relay power Run/start – Electronic power assist steering, Blower relay coil Run/start – PCM Run/start – 4x4 module, Back-up lamps, RSC/ABS, TT battery charge relay coil, Rear window defroster relay coil Not used Heated mirrors Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Wiper motor relay Electric fan
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64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Fuse Amp
Rating 40A**
20A**
20A**
20A** 25A** 30A**
—
20A** 20A** 20A** 30A**
15A*
25A*
20A*
20A*
10A*
15A*
20A*
5A* —
Roadside Emergencies
Protected Circuits
Vacuum pump relay power (3.5L engine) Auxiliary power point (instrument panel) Auxiliary power point (inside center console) TT park lamps relay power 4x4 module Passenger heated/cooled seats Not used Heated rear seats Auxiliary power point (Rear) TT stop/turn lamps relay power Driver power seat/memory module PCM – voltage power 1 (3.7L, 5.0L, 6.2L engines PCM module) PCM – voltage power 1 (3.5L engine PCM module) PCM – Voltage power 2 (General powertrain components, Mass air flow/Intake air temp sensor) (3.7L, 5.0L, 6.2L engines) PCM – Voltage power 2 (General powertrain components, Canister vent solenoid) (3.5L engine) PCM – Voltage power 3 (Emission related powertrain components, Electric fan relays coil) PCM – Voltage power 4 – Ignition coils (3.5L, 3.7L, 5.0L engines) PCM – Voltage power 4 – Ignition coils (6.2L engine) Rain sensor Not used
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Fuse/Relay Location
Fuse Amp
Rating
Protected Circuits
81
82
83
84
85
— — — — —
Not used Not used Not used Not used Electric fan relay (low speed)
*Mini fuse **Cartridge fuse Auxiliary relay box (SVT Raptor only)
The relay box is located in the left rear corner of the engine compartment. Fuse/Relay
Description
Fuse amp
location
rating
— — — — — —
Upfitter 1 relay Upfitter 2 relay Upfitter 3 relay Upfitter 4 relay Not used Not used
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CHANGING THE TIRES If you get a flat tire while driving, do not apply the brake heavily. Instead, gradually decrease your speed. Hold the steering wheel firmly and slowly move to a safe place on the side of the road. Note: If your vehicle is equipped with the tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), the indicator light will illuminate when the spare tire is in use. To restore the full functionality of the monitoring system, all road wheels equipped with tire pressure monitoring sensors must be mounted on the vehicle. If your vehicle is equipped with TPMS, have a flat serviced by an authorized dealer in order to prevent damage to the TPMS sensors, refer to Tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) in the Tires, Wheels and Loading chapter. Replace the spare tire with a road tire as soon as possible. During repairing or replacing of the flat tire, have the authorized dealer inspect the TPMS sensor for damage.
WARNING: The use of tire sealants may damage your tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) and should not be used.
However, if you must use a sealant, the TPMS sensor and valve stem on the wheel must be replaced by an authorized Ford dealer.
WARNING: Refer to Tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) in the Tires, Wheels and Loading chapter for important
information. If the tire pressure monitor sensor becomes damaged, it will no longer function.
Dissimilar spare tire/wheel information
WARNING: Failure to follow these guidelines could result in an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, injury or death.
If you have a dissimilar spare tire/wheel, then it is intended for temporary use only. This means that if you need to use it, you should replace it as soon as possible with a road tire/wheel that is the same size and type as the road tires and wheels that were originally provided by Ford. If the dissimilar spare tire or wheel is damaged, it should be replaced rather than repaired.
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tire
Safety Compliance Label
A dissimilar spare tire/wheel is defined as a spare tire and/or wheel that is different in brand, size or appearance from the road tires and wheels and can be one of three types: 1. T-type mini-spare: This spare tire begins with the letter “T” for tire size and may have “Temporary Use Only” molded in the sidewall 2. Full-size dissimilar spare with label on wheel: This spare tire has a label on the wheel that states: “THIS TIRE AND WHEEL FOR TEMPORARY USE ONLY” When driving with one of the dissimilar spare tires listed above, do not: • Exceed 50 mph (80 km/h) • Load the vehicle beyond maximum vehicle load rating listed on the • Tow a trailer • Use snow chains on the end of the vehicle with the dissimilar spare • Use more than one dissimilar spare tire at a time • Use commercial car washing equipment • Try to repair the dissimilar spare tire Use of one of the dissimilar spare tires listed above at any one wheel location can lead to impairment of the following: • Handling, stability and braking performance • Comfort and noise • Ground clearance and parking at curbs • Winter weather driving capability • Wet weather driving capability • All-wheel driving capability (if applicable) 3. Full-size dissimilar spare without label on wheel When driving with the full-size dissimilar spare tire/wheel, do not: • Exceed 70 mph (113 km/h) • Use more than one dissimilar spare tire/wheel at a time • Use commercial car washing equipment • Use snow chains on the end of the vehicle with the dissimilar spare
tire/wheel
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The usage of a full-size dissimilar spare tire/wheel can lead to impairment of the following: • Handling, stability and braking performance • Comfort and noise • Ground clearance and parking at curbs • Winter weather driving capability • Wet weather driving capability • All-wheel driving capability (if applicable) • Load leveling adjustment (if applicable) When driving with the full-size dissimilar spare tire/wheel additional caution should be given to: • Towing a trailer • Driving vehicles equipped with a camper body • Driving vehicles with a load on the cargo rack Drive cautiously when using a full-size dissimilar spare tire/wheel and seek service as soon as possible. Stopping and securing the vehicle 1. Park on a level surface, activate the hazard flashers and set the parking brake. 2. Place the gearshift in P (Park) and turn the engine off.
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Location of the spare tire and tools The spare tire is located under the vehicle, just forward of the rear bumper. The jack, jack handle and lug wrench are located in the following locations:
Body Style Regular Cab
SuperCab
SuperCrew
Location
Attached to a floor bracket behind/under the driver’s seat (for easier access move the driver seat forward) Attached to a floor bracket under the rear seat on the driver’s side In a plastic box in the floor under the rear seat
To remove the jack on Regular Cab and SuperCab models: Remove the wing nut and turn the jack screw counterclockwise to release pressure before removing the jack from the bracket. To remove the jack on SuperCrew models: 1. Lift both rear seat cushions. 2. Remove the insert containing the Easy Fuel ™ funnel from the driver’s side. 3. Remove the two small wing nuts on the passenger side. 4. Slide the plastic box toward the driver’s side and remove. Removing the spare tire 1. Use the ignition key to remove the lock cylinder from the access hole of the bumper to allow access to the guide tube. Assemble the jack handle as shown in the illustration.
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2. Fully insert the jack handle through the bumper hole and into the guide tube through the access hole in the rear bumper.
3. Turn the handle counterclockwise until tire is lowered to the ground, the tire can be slid rearward and the cable is slightly slack. 4. Slide the retainer through the center of the wheel. Tire change procedure
WARNING: To help prevent the vehicle from moving when you change a tire, be sure the parking brake is set, then block (in
both directions) the wheel that is diagonally opposite (other side and end of the vehicle) to the tire being changed.
WARNING: If the vehicle slips off the jack, you or someone else could be seriously injured.
WARNING: Do not attempt to change a tire on the side of the vehicle close to moving traffic. Pull far enough off the road to
avoid the danger of being hit when operating the jack or changing the wheel.
Note: Passengers should not remain in the vehicle when the vehicle is being jacked. Refer to the instruction sheet (located with the jack) for detailed tire change instructions. 1. Block the diagonally opposite wheel. 2. Obtain the spare tire and jack from their storage locations. Note: F-150 SVT Raptor also includes a chock, saddle extension and wing bolt. 3. Use the tip of the lug wrench to remove any wheel trim that is blocking the lug nuts.
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4. Loosen each wheel lug nut one-half turn counterclockwise but do not remove them until the wheel is raised off the ground.
Note: For F-150 SVT Raptor, install the saddle extension on the jack as shown in the jack usage and storage instructions. 5. Position the jack according to the following guides and turn the jack handle clockwise until the wheel is completely off the ground.
WARNING: When one of the rear wheels is off the ground, the transmission alone will not prevent the vehicle from moving or
slipping off the jack, even if the transmission is in P (Park). To prevent the vehicle from moving when you change the tire, be sure that the parking brake is set and the diagonally opposite wheel is blocked. If the vehicle slips off the jack, someone could be seriously injured.
• Front Note: Use the frame rail as the jacking location point, NOT the control arm. Note: For F-150 SVT Raptor, you must always use the jack saddle extension.
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• Rear Note: Never use the front or rear differential as a jacking point.
WARNING: To lessen the risk of personal injury, do not put any part of your body under the vehicle while changing a tire. Do not
start the engine when your vehicle is on the jack. The jack is only meant for changing the tire.
6. Remove the lug nuts with the lug wrench. 7. Replace the flat tire with the spare tire, making sure the valve stem is facing outward. Reinstall the lug nuts until the wheel is snug against the hub. Do not fully tighten the lug nuts until the wheel has been lowered. 8. Lower the wheel by turning the jack handle counterclockwise.
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9. Remove the jack and fully tighten the lug nuts in the order shown (Refer to Wheel lug nut torque specifications later in this chapter for the proper lug nut torque specification): • Six lug nut wheel
• Seven lug nut wheel
10. Stow the flat tire. Refer to Stowing the flat/spare tire. 11. Stow the jack and lug wrench. Make sure the jack is fastened so it does not rattle when you drive. 12. Unblock the wheels. Stowing the flat/spare tire Note: Failure to follow spare tire stowage instructions may result in failure of cable or loss of spare tire. 1. Lay the tire on the ground with the valve stem facing in the direction specified on the Tire Changing Instructions located with the jack hardware. 2. Slide the wheel partially under the vehicle and install the retainer through the wheel center. Pull on the cable to align the components at the end of the cable.
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3. Turn the jack handle clockwise until the tire is raised to its stowed position underneath the vehicle. The effort to turn the jack handle increases significantly and the spare tire carrier ratchets or slips when the tire is raised to the maximum tightness. Tighten to the best of your ability, to the point where the ratchet/slip occurs, if possible. The spare tire carrier will not allow you to overtighten. If the spare tire carrier ratchets or slips with little effort, take the vehicle to your authorized dealer for assistance at your earliest convenience. 4. Check that the tire lies flat against the frame and is properly tightened. Try to push or pull, then turn the tire to be sure it will not move. Loosen and retighten, if necessary. Failure to properly stow the spare tire may result in failure of the winch cable and loss of the tire. 5. Repeat this tightness check procedure when servicing the spare tire pressure (every six months, as per your scheduled maintenance information), or at any time that the spare tire is disturbed through service of other components. 6. If removed, install the spare tire lock (if equipped) into the bumper drive tube with the spare tire lock key (if equipped) and jack handle.
WHEEL LUG NUT TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS Retighten the lug nuts to the specified torque within 100 miles (160 km) after any wheel disturbance (rotation, flat tire, wheel removal, etc.).
Bolt size
Wheel lug nut torque*
M14 x 2.0
* Torque specifications are for nut and bolt threads free of dirt and
rust. Use only Ford recommended replacement fasteners.
ft-lb
150
N•m
200
WARNING: When a wheel is installed, always remove any corrosion, dirt or foreign materials present on the mounting
surfaces of the wheel or the surface of the wheel hub, brake drum or brake disc that contacts the wheel. Ensure that any fasteners that attach the rotor to the hub are secured so they do not interfere with the mounting surfaces of the wheel. Installing wheels without correct metal-to-metal contact at the wheel mounting surfaces can cause the wheel nuts to loosen and the wheel to come off while the vehicle is in motion, resulting in loss of control.
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Note: Inspect the wheel pilot hole prior to installation. If there is visible corrosion in wheel pilot hole, remove loose particles by wiping with clean rag and apply grease. Apply grease only to the wheel pilot hole surface by smearing a “dime” (1 square cm) sized glob of grease around the wheel pilot surface (1) with end of finger. DO NOT apply grease to lugnut/stud holes or wheel-to-brake surfaces.
RUNNING OUT OF FUEL If you have run out of fuel and need to refill the vehicle with a portable fuel container, see Running out of fuel in the Maintenance and Specifications chapter for proper fuel filling method using a portable fuel container and the included fuel filler funnel. Do not insert the nozzle of portable fuel containers or any type of aftermarket funnels into the Easy Fuel威 “no cap” fuel system as it can be damaged. You must use the included funnel in such circumstances.
WARNING: Do not insert the nozzle of portable fuel containers or aftermarket funnels into the Easy Fuel威 system. This could damage the fuel system and its seal, and may cause fuel to run onto the ground instead of filling the tank, all of which could result in serious personal injury.
JUMP STARTING
WARNING: The gases around the battery can explode if exposed to flames, sparks, or lit cigarettes. An explosion could
result in injury or vehicle damage.
WARNING: Batteries contain sulfuric acid which can burn skin, eyes and clothing, if contacted.
Do not attempt to push-start your automatic transmission
vehicle. Automatic transmissions do not have push-start
capability. Attempting to push-start a vehicle with an automatic
transmission may cause transmission damage.
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Preparing your vehicle When the battery is disconnected or a new battery is installed, the automatic transmission must relearn its shift strategy. As a result, the transmission may have firm and/or soft shifts. This operation is considered normal and will not affect function or durability of the transmission. Over time, the adaptive learning process will fully update transmission operation. 1. Use only a 12–volt supply to start your vehicle. 2. Do not disconnect the battery of the disabled vehicle as this could damage the vehicle’s electrical system. 3. Park the booster vehicle close to the hood of the disabled vehicle making sure the two vehicles do not touch. Set the parking brake on both vehicles and stay clear of the engine cooling fan and other moving parts. 4. Check all battery terminals and remove any excessive corrosion before you attach the battery cables. Ensure that vent caps are tight and level. 5. Turn the heater fan on in both vehicles to protect from any electrical surges. Turn all other accessories off.
Connecting the jumper cables Note: In the illustration, the vehicle on the bottom is used to designate the assisting (boosting) battery.
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1. Connect the positive (+) jumper cable to the positive (+) terminal of the discharged battery. 2. Connect the other end of the positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal of the assisting battery. 3. Connect the negative (-) cable to the negative (-) terminal of the assisting battery. 4. Make the final connection of the negative (-) cable to an exposed metal part of the stalled vehicle’s engine, away from the battery and the carburetor/fuel injection system.
–
–
Note: Do not attach the negative (-) cable to fuel lines, engine rocker covers, the intake manifold or electrical components as grounding points.
WARNING: Do not connect the end of the second cable to the negative (-) terminal of the battery to be jumped. A spark may
cause an explosion of the gases that surround the battery.
Ensure that the cables are clear of fan blades, belts, moving parts of both engines, or any fuel delivery system parts.
Jump starting 1. Start the engine of the booster vehicle and run the engine at moderately increased speed. 2. Start the engine of the disabled vehicle. 3. Once the disabled vehicle has been started, run both engines for an additional three minutes before disconnecting the jumper cables.
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Removing the jumper cables Remove the jumper cables in the reverse order that they were connected. Note: In the illustration, the vehicle on the bottom is used to designate the assisting (boosting) battery. 1. Remove the jumper cable from the ground metal surface. 2. Remove the jumper cable on the negative (-) terminal of the booster vehicle’s battery. 3. Remove the jumper cable from the positive (+) terminal of the booster vehicle’s battery. 4. Remove the jumper cable from the positive (+) terminal of the disabled vehicle’s battery.
D1
–
–
After the disabled vehicle has been started and the jumper cables removed, allow it to idle for several minutes so the engine computer can relearn its idle conditions.
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WRECKER TOWING
If you need to have your vehicle towed, contact a professional towing service or, if you are a member of a roadside assistance program, your roadside assistance service provider. Ford recommends your vehicle be towed with a wheel lift or flatbed. Do not tow with a slingbelt. Ford Motor Company has not approved a slingbelt towing procedure. On 4x2 vehicles, it is acceptable to tow the vehicle with the front wheels on the ground (without dollies) and the rear wheels off the ground. On 4x4 vehicles, it is recommended that your vehicle be towed with a wheel lift and dollies or flatbed equipment with all the wheels off the ground. If the vehicle is towed by other means or incorrectly, vehicle damage may occur.
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Emergency towing