2009 Dodge Caravan Owners Manual

second track; three times, it will play the third, etc. The button in the center of the left-hand switch has no function in this mode.

CD/DVD MAINTENANCE To keep a CD/DVD in good condition, take the following precautions: 1. Handle the disc by its edge; avoid touching the surface. 2. If the disc is stained, clean the surface with a soft cloth, wiping from center to edge.

3. Do not apply paper or tape to the disc; avoid scratch- ing the disc. 4. Do not use solvents such as benzene, thinner, cleaners, or antistatic sprays. 5. Store the disc in its case after playing. 6. Do not expose the disc to direct sunlight. 7. Do not store the disc where temperatures may become too high. If you experience difficulty in playing a particu- NOTE: lar disc, it may be damaged (i.e. scratched, reflective coating removed, a hair, moisture or dew on the disc) oversized, or have theft protection encoding. Try a known good disc before considering disc player service.

UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 301

Manual Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning (HVAC) System The controls for the manual HVAC system in this vehicle consist of a series of outer rotary dials and inner push knobs. These comfort controls can be set to obtain desired interior conditions.

RADIO OPERATION AND CELLULAR PHONES Under certain conditions, the cellular phone being ON in your vehicle can cause erratic or noisy performance from your radio. This condition may be lessened or eliminated by relocating the cellular phone antenna. This condition is not harmful to the radio. If your radio performance does not satisfactorily “clear” by the repositioning of the antenna, it is recommended that the radio volume be turned down or off during cellular phone operation.

CLIMATE CONTROLS The Climate Control System allows you to regulate the temperature, amount, and direction of air circulating throughout the vehicle. The controls are located on the instrument panel, below the radio.

302 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL

1 – Front Blower 2 – Temperature Control 3 – MODE Control

4 – RECIRCULATION Control 5 – Air Conditioning (A/C) 6 – DEFROST Mode

Front Blower Control

There are four blower speeds. Use this control to regulate the amount of air forced through the system in any mode you select. The blower speed increases as you move the control clockwise from the off position.

NOTE: For vehicles equipped with Remote Start, the climate controls will not function during Remote Start operation if the blower control is left in the “O” (Off) position.

Temperature Control

Use this control to regulate the tem- perature of the air inside the passenger compartment. Rotating the knob coun- terclockwise, from top center into the blue area of the scale, indicates cooler temperatures. Rotating the knob clock- wise, indicates warmer temperatures. If your air conditioning performance seems NOTE: lower than expected, check the front of the A/C con- denser (located in front of the radiator), for an accumu- lation of dirt or insects. Clean with a gentle water spray from behind the radiator and through the condenser. Fabric front fascia protectors may reduce airflow to the condenser, reducing air conditioning performance.

into the red area,

UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 303

Mode Control (Air Direction)

Mode control allows you to choose from several patterns of air distribu- tion. You can select either a primary mode, as identified by the symbols, or a blend of two of these modes. The closer the control is to a particular mode, the more air distribution you

receive from that mode. Panel Mode

Air is directed through the outlets in the instrument panel. These outlets can be adjusted to direct airflow.

Bi-Level Mode

Air is directed through the panel and floor outlets.

304 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL

NOTE: There is a difference in temperature (in any conditions other than full cold or full hot), between the upper and lower outlets for added comfort. The warmer air goes to the floor outlets. This feature gives improved comfort during sunny but cool conditions. Floor Mode

Air is directed through the floor outlets with a small amount through the defrost and side window

demist outlets. Mix Mode

Air is directed through the floor, defrost and side window demist outlets. This setting works best in cold or snowy conditions that require extra heat at the windshield. This setting is good for maintaining comfort, while reducing moisture on the windshield.

Defrost Mode

Air is directed through the windshield and side window demist outlets. Use DEFROST mode with maximum blower and temperature settings for best windshield and side window defrosting. NOTE: The air conditioning compressor operates in MIX and DEFROST, or a blend of these modes even if the A/C SNOWFLAKE button is not pressed. This dehu- midifies the air to help dry the windshield. To improve fuel economy, use these modes only when necessary.

Recirculation Control

Press this button to choose between outside air intake or recirculation of the air inside the vehicle. A lamp will illuminate when you are in RECIRCU- LATION mode. Only use the RECIR- CULATION mode to temporarily block out any outside odors, smoke, or dust, and to cool the interior rapidly upon initial start-up in very hot or humid weather. NOTE: • If the RECIRCULATION button is pressed when the system is in MIX, DEFROST, or FLOOR mode the RECIRCULATION LED indicator will flash 3 times and then turn off to indicate RECIRCULATION mode is not allowed.

UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 305

• Continuous use of the RECIRCULATION mode may make the inside air stuffy and window fogging may occur. Extended use of this mode is not recommended. • In cold or damp weather, the use of the RECIRCULA- TION mode will cause windows to fog on the inside because of moisture buildup inside the vehicle. For maximum defogging, select the Outside Air position. • In order to prevent fogging, when the RECIRCULA- TION button is pressed and the mode control is set to PANEL, the A/C will engage automatically. • The A/C can be deselected manually without disturb-

ing the mode control selection.

Air Outlets The airflow from each of the instrument panel outlets can be adjusted for direction, and turned on or off to control airflow.

306 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL

NOTE: For maximum airflow to the rear, the center instrument panel outlets can be directed toward the rear seat passengers. Economy Mode If ECONOMY mode is desired, press the A/C button to turn off the indicator light and the A/C compressor. Rotate the temperature control knob to the desired temperature. Air Conditioning Operation

Push on this button to engage the Air Conditioning (A/C). A light will illu- minate when the A/C System is en- gaged

NOTE: The air conditioning compressor will not engage until the engine has been running for about 10 seconds. Max A/C For maximum cooling use the A/C and RECIRCULA- TION mode buttons at the same time. Three-Zone Basic Temperature Control — If Equipped With the Three-Zone Basic Temperature Control System, each front seat occupant can independently control the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) op- erations coming from the outlets on their side of the vehicle.

UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 307

The Three-Zone Basic Temperature Control bottom panel controls rear Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) operations.

Front Upper Three Zone Temperature Control

1 – Left Temperature 2 – PANEL 3 – BI-LEVEL 4 – Front Blower 5 – FLOOR 6 – MIX

7 – Right Temperature 8 – Rear DEFROST 9 – RECIRCULATION 10 – Front DEFROST 11 – Air Conditioning (A/C)

Front Lower Three-Zone Temperature Control Features 1 – Left Heated Seat 2 – Rear Blower

3 – Rear Temperature 4 – Right Heated Seat

308 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL

The primary control for the rear blower is on the front climate control unit located on the instrument panel. The Three-Zone Basic Temperature Control bottom panel has five positions; off, rear, and a range of blower speeds. Only when the primary control for the rear blower is in the rear (RR) position do the second row seat occupants have control of the rear blower speed. Rear Manual Climate Control Zone — If Equipped The Rear Manual Climate Control Zone system has floor air outlets at the rear of the right side sliding door, and overhead outlets at each outboard rear seating position. The unit provides warm or cool air through the floor and upper outlets. The rear blower and temperature controls for the rear seat passengers are located in the headliner, near the center of the vehicle.

Rear HVAC Manual Controls

1 – Rear Blower 2 – Rear Temperature

3 – Rear HVAC Lock 4 – Rear MODE

Rear Blower Control The primary control for the rear blower is on the front climate control unit, located on the instrument panel.

Only when the front control for the rear blower is in the RR position do the second row seat occupants have control of the rear blower speed. The rear blower control, located in the rear overhead console, has an off position and a range of blower speeds. This allows the second row seat occupants to control the volume of air circulated in the rear of the vehicle.

CAUTION!

Interior air enters the Manual Rear Zone Climate Control system through an intake grille, located in the passenger side trim panel behind the third row seats. The heater outlets are located in the passenger side trim panel, just behind the sliding door. Do not block or place objects directly in front of the inlet grille or heater outlets. The electrical system could overload, causing damage to the blower motor.

UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 309

Rear Temperature Control When the blower knob on the front climate control unit is set to any position other than RR , the rear temperature settings will be controlled by the rear temperature control knob on the front climate control unit. The rear mode selection allows the settings to be controlled by the rear mode control knob. To change the temperature in the rear of the vehicle, rotate the temperature control knob counterclockwise for cold air, and clockwise for heated air. When rear controls are locked by the front system, the lock symbol on the temperature knob is illuminated, and the rear overhead adjustments are ignored. The rear airflow modes will mirror the front unit opera- tion. Rear PANEL mode is automatically selected when the front control is in the PANEL mode. When the front unit is in BI-LEVEL mode, airflow will be emitted from both the upper and lower rear outlets. When the front

310 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL

control is in FLOOR, DEFROST, or MIX modes, airflow will be directed out of the rear floor outlets. Rear Mode Control

Headliner Mode

Air comes from the outlets in the headliner. Each of these outlets can be individually adjusted to direct the flow of air. Moving the air vanes of the outlets to one side will shut off the airflow. Bi-Level Mode

Air comes from both the headliner outlets and the floor outlets.

In many temperature positions, the BI-LEVEL NOTE: mode is designed to provide cooler air out of the head- liner outlets and warmer air from the floor outlets. Floor Mode

Air comes from the floor outlets.

Automatic Temperature Control (ATC) — If Equipped • Front Three-Zone ATC allows both driver and front passenger seat occupant, and rear seat occupants to select individual comfort settings. • Occupants in the vehicle select AUTO mode operation and a comfort temperature setting, using rotary knobs on the control unit. • The system provides set-and-forget operation for op- • The system can be controlled manually, if desired. • SYNC feature links the controls for all three zones, allowing one comfort setting for the cabin, if desired.

timum comfort and convenience.

The Infrared Three-Zone ATC System automatically maintains the interior comfort level desired by the driver and all passengers. This is accomplished by an infrared sensor, located in the forward overhead console. Based on the sensor input, the system automatically adjusts the air temperature, the airflow volume, amount of outside air recirculation and the airflow direction. This maintains a comfortable temperature, even under changing condi- tions.

UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 311

Front Upper ATC Panel

1 - System On/Off 2 - Blower Indicator 3 - Left Front Temperature 4 - SYNC Indicator 5 - Rear Blower / Temperature 6 - A/C Indicator 7 - Right Front Temperature 8 - MODE Indicator

9 - Air Conditioning (A/C) On/Off 10 - AUTO Mode / Blower 11 - Front MODE 12 - RECIRCULATE 13 - Front DEFROST 14 - Blower Speed 15 - SYNC

312 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL

Front Lower ATC Panel

1 - Blower Speed 2 - Rear Temperature / Rear System On/Off 3 - Rear MODE

4 - Rear HVAC Lock 5 - Rear DEFROST

Automatic Operation 1. Press the AUTO button on the Front Upper ATC Panel and the word AUTO will illuminate in the front ATC display, along with three temperatures for driver, front passenger, and rear seats. The system will then automati- cally regulate the amount of airflow. 2. Next, adjust the temperature you would like the system to maintain, by adjusting the driver, front passen- ger, and rear seat rotary temperature knobs. Once the desired temperature is displayed, the system will achieve and automatically maintain that comfort level. 3. When the system is set up for your comfort level, it is not necessary to change the settings. You will experience the greatest efficiency by simply allowing the system to function automatically.

NOTE: • It is not necessary to move the temperature settings for cold or hot vehicles. The system automatically adjusts the temperature, mode and fan speed to provide comfort as quickly as possible. • The temperature can be displayed in U.S. or Metric units by selecting the US/M customer-programmable feature. Refer to the “Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC) — Customer-Programmable Features” in this Section of the manual.

To provide you with maximum comfort in the automatic mode, during cold start-ups, the blower fan will remain on low and the DELAY symbol will appear in the front ATC display, until the engine warms up. The fan will engage immediately if the DEFROST mode is selected, or by pressing the Front Upper ATC Panel blower rocker button and setting the fan to any fixed blower speed.

UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 313

Manual Operation This system offers a full complement of manual override features. The AUTO symbol in the front ATC display will be turned off when the system is being used in the manual mode. NOTE: Each of these features operate independently from each other. If any one feature is controlled manually, the temperature doors will continue to operate automati- cally. The blower fan speed can be set to any fixed speed by pressing the Front Upper ATC Panel blower rocker button. The fan will now operate at a fixed speed until additional speeds are selected. This allows the front occupants to control the volume of air circulated in the vehicle and cancel the AUTO mode. The operator can also select the direction of the airflow by selecting one of the following positions.

314 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL

Panel Mode

Air comes from the outlets in the instrument panel. Each of these outlets can be individually adjusted to direct the flow of air. The air vanes of the center outlets and outboard outlets can be rotated to regulate or shut off the airflow from these outlets. Bi-Level Mode

Air comes from the instrument panel outlets, floor outlets and defrost outlets. A slight amount of air is also directed through the side window demister outlets. In many temperature positions, the BI-LEVEL NOTE: mode is designed to provide cooler air out of the panel outlets and warmer air from the floor outlets. Floor Mode

Air comes from the floor outlets. A slight amount of air is directed through the defrost and side window

demister outlets.

Mix Mode

Air comes from the floor, defrost and side window demist outlets. This mode works best in cold or snowy conditions. It allows you to stay comfort-

able, while keeping the windshield clear. Defrost Mode

Air comes from the windshield and side window demist outlets. Use DEFROST mode with maxi- mum blower and temperature settings for best wind- shield and side window defrosting. NOTE: While operating in the other modes, the system will not automatically sense the presence of fog, mist or ice on the windshield. DEFROST mode must be manually selected to clear the windshield and side glass.

The SNOWFLAKE mode, or A/C button, allows the operator to manually activate or deactivate the air conditioning system. When in SNOWFLAKE mode, and the ATC display is on cool, dehumidified air

flows through the air outlets. If ECONOMY mode is desired, press the SNOWFLAKE button to turn off the SNOWFLAKE mode in the ATC display, and deactivate the A/C system. NOTE: • If the system is in Mix or Defrost Mode, the SNOW- FLAKE can be turned off, but the A/C system shall remain active to prevent fogging of the windows. • If fog or mist appears on the windshield or side glass,

select DEFROST mode and increase blower speed.

Recirculation Control

When outside air contains smoke, odors, or high humidity, or if rapid cooling is desired, you may wish to recirculate interior air by pressing the RECIRCULATION mode control button. RECIRCULATION mode should only be used temporarily. The recirculation symbol will illuminate in the display when this button is selected. Push the button

UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 315

a second time to turn off the RECIRCULATION mode LED and allow outside air into the vehicle. In cold weather, use of the RECIRCULATION NOTE: mode may lead to excessive window fogging. The RE- CIRCULATION mode is not allowed in the FLOOR, MIX and DEFROST modes to improve window clearing op- eration. Recirculation will be disabled automatically if these modes are selected. Rear Automatic Temperature Control (ATC) — If Equipped The Rear ATC System has floor air outlets at the rear of the right side sliding door, and overhead outlets at each outboard rear seating position. The system provides heated air through the floor outlets or cool, dehumidified air through the headliner outlets. The REAR SYSTEM control for the Rear ATC System is on the front lower ATC panel located on the instrument panel.

316 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL

Pressing the REAR LOCK button for the Rear ATC System from the front lower ATC panel, illuminates a LOCK symbol in the rear display. The rear temperature and air source are controlled from the front lower ATC panel. Rear second row occupants can only adjust the rear ATC control when the REAR LOCK button is turned off. The Rear ATC System is located in the headliner, near the center of the vehicle.

Rear ATC Control Features

1 - Blower Speed 2 - Rear Temperature

3 - Rear HVAC Lock 4 - Rear MODE

1. Press the REAR LOCK button on the front lower ATC panel. This turns off the REAR LOCK icon in the rear temperature knob.

2. Rotate the Rear Blower, Rear Temperature and the Rear Mode Control knobs to suit your comfort needs. 3. ATC is selected by adjusting the rear blower knob counterclockwise to AUTO. Once the desired temperature is displayed, the ATC System will automatically achieve and maintain that comfort level. When the system is set up for your comfort level, it is not necessary to change the settings. You will experience the greatest efficiency by simply allowing the system to function automatically. NOTE: • It is not necessary to move the temperature settings for cold or hot vehicles. The system automatically adjusts the temperature, mode and fan speed to provide comfort as quickly as possible. • The temperature can be displayed in U.S. or Metric units by selecting the US/M customer-programmable

UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 317

feature. Refer to the “Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC) — Customer-Programmable Features” in this Section of the manual.

Rear Blower Control The rear blower control knob can be manually set to off, or any fixed blower speed, by rotating the knob from low to high. This allows the rear seat occupants to control the volume of air circulated in the rear of the vehicle.

CAUTION!

Interior air enters the Rear Automatic Temperature Control System through an intake grille, located in the passenger side trim panel behind the third row seats. The heater outlets are located in the passenger side trim panel, just behind the sliding door. Do not block or place objects directly in front of the inlet grille or heater outlets. The electrical system could overload causing damage to the blower motor.

318 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL

Rear Temperature Control To change the temperature in the rear of the vehicle, rotate the temperature knob counterclockwise to lower the temperature, and clockwise to increase the tempera- ture. The REAR temperature settings are displayed in the front upper ATC panel. When rear controls are locked by the front system, the LOCK symbol on the temperature knob is illuminated and any rear overhead adjustments are ignored. Rear Mode Control

Auto Mode The rear system automatically maintains the correct mode and comfort level desired by the rear seat occu- pants.

Headliner Mode

Air comes from the outlets in the headliner. Each of these outlets can be individually adjusted to direct the flow of air. Moving the air vanes of the outlets to one side will shut off the airflow. Bi-Level Mode

Air comes from both the headliner outlets and the floor outlets.

In many temperature positions, the BI-LEVEL NOTE: mode is designed to provide cooler air out of the head- liner outlets and warmer air from the floor outlets. Floor Mode

Air comes from the floor outlets.

Summer Operation The engine cooling system in air conditioned vehicles must be protected with a high-quality antifreeze coolant

to provide proper corrosion protection and to protect against engine overheating. A 50% solution of ethylene glycol antifreeze coolant in water is recommended. Refer to “Maintenance Procedures” in Section 7 of this manual for proper coolant selection. Winter Operation To ensure the best possible heater and defroster perfor- mance, make sure the engine cooling system is function- ing properly and the proper amount, type, and concen- tration of coolant to “Maintenance Procedures” in section 7 of this manual for proper coolant selection. Use of the air RECIRCULATION mode during Winter months is not recommended, because it may cause window fogging. Vacation/Storage Anytime you store your vehicle, or keep it out of service (i.e., vacation) for two weeks or more, run the air conditioning system at idle for about five minutes, in

is used. Refer

UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 319

fresh air with the blower setting in high. This will ensure adequate system lubrication to minimize the possibility of compressor damage when the system is started again. Window Fogging Vehicle windows tend to fog on the inside in mild, rainy and/or humid weather. To clear the windows, select DEFROST or MIX mode and increase the front blower speed. Do not use the RECIRCULATION mode without A/C for long periods, as fogging may occur. Outside Air Intake Make sure the air intake, located directly in front of the windshield, is free of obstructions such as leaves. Leaves collected in the air intake may reduce airflow, and if they enter the plenum they could plug the water drains. In Winter months make sure the air intake is clear of ice, slush and snow.

320 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL

Operating Tips

A/C Air Filter— If Equipped On vehicles equipped with Automatic Temperature Con- trol (ATC), the climate control system filters out dust and pollen from the air. Refer to “Air Conditioning” in Section 7 of replacement instructions.

this manual

filter

for

STARTING AND OPERATING

CONTENTS

䡵 Starting Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
▫ Automatic Transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
䡵 Engine Block Heater — If Equipped . . . . . . . . . 327
䡵 Automatic Transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
▫ Brake/Transaxle Interlock System . . . . . . . . . 328
▫ Four-Speed Or Six-Speed Automatic

Transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
▫ Reset Mode - Electronic Transaxle . . . . . . . . . 334
䡵 Driving On Slippery Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

▫ Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
▫ Traction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
䡵 Driving Through Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
▫ Flowing/Rising Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
▫ Shallow Standing Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
䡵 Power Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
▫ Power Steering Fluid Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
䡵 Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

322 STARTING AND OPERATING

䡵 Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS)

. . . . . . . . . . . . 341
▫ Anti-Lock Brake Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
䡵 Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
䡵 Electronic Brake Control System . . . . . . . . . . . 344
▫ Traction Control System (TCS) . . . . . . . . . . . 345
▫ Brake Assist System (BAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
▫ Electronic Stability Program (ESP) . . . . . . . . . 347
▫ ESP/BAS Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
䡵 Tire Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
▫ Tire Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
▫ Tire Identification Number (TIN) . . . . . . . . . . 353
▫ Tire Loading And Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . 354
䡵 Tires — General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

▫ Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
䡵 Tire Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
䡵 Snow Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
䡵 Tire Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
䡵 Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) . . . . . . . 370
▫ Basic TPMS Without EVIC — If Equipped . . . 372
▫ Premium TPMS With EVIC — If Equipped . . 374
䡵 Fuel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
▫ 3.3L/3.8L Gasoline Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
▫ 4.0L Gasoline Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
▫ Reformulated Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
▫ Gasoline/Oxygenate Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
▫ E-85 Usage In Non-Flex Fuel Vehicles . . . . . . 380

▫ MMT In Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
▫ Materials Added To Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
▫ Fuel System Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
▫ Carbon Monoxide Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
䡵 Flexible Fuel — 3.3L Engines Only . . . . . . . . . . 383
▫ E-85 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
▫ Ethanol Fuel (E-85) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
▫ Fuel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
▫ Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
▫ Selection Of Engine Oil For Flexible Fuel

Vehicles (FFV) E-85 And Gasoline Vehicles . . . 386
▫ Cruising Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

STARTING AND OPERATING 323

䡵 Adding Fuel

▫ Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
▫ Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
▫ Fuel Filler Cap (Gas Cap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
▫ Loose Fuel Filler Cap Message . . . . . . . . . . . 388
䡵 Vehicle Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
䡵 Trailer Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
▫ Common Towing Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
▫ Towing Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

▫ Vehicle Certification Label

䡵 Recreational Towing

(Behind Motorhome, Etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

324 STARTING AND OPERATING

STARTING PROCEDURES Before starting your vehicle, adjust your seat, adjust the inside and outside mirrors, fasten your seat belt, and if present, instruct all other occupants to buckle their seat belts.

WARNING!

• Never leave unattended children alone in a ve- hicle. Leaving children in a vehicle is dangerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be seriously or fatally injured. Do not leave the key in the ignition. A child could operate power win- dows, other controls, or move the vehicle. • Do not leave animals or children inside parked vehicles in hot weather. Interior heat build-up may cause serious injury or death.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• Be sure to turn off the engine and remove the key from the ignition switch if you want to rest or sleep in your car. Accidents can be caused by inadvertently moving the shift lever. Accidents can also be caused by pressing the accelerator pedal. This may cause excessive heat in the ex- haust system, resulting in overheating and vehicle fire, which may cause serious or fatal injuries.

Automatic Transaxle The shift lever must be in the NEUTRAL or PARK position before you can start the engine. Depress the brake pedal before shifting into any driving gear. Normal Starting (Above 32°F/0°C) 1. Do not depress the accelerator.

2. Use the Fob with Integrated Key to briefly turn the ignition switch to the START position and release it as soon as the starter engages. The starter motor will continue to run, and it will disengage automatically when the engine is running. 3. If the engine fails to start, the starter will disengage automatically in 10 seconds. If this occurs, turn the ignition switch to the LOCK position, wait 10 to 15 sec- onds, starting procedure (Steps 1–3 above). NOTE: This vehicle is equipped with a transaxle shift interlocking system. The brake pedal must be de- pressed to shift out of PARK. Extremely Cold Weather Starting — Below ⫺20°F (–29°C) Follow the same instructions in the “Normal Starting” procedure.

then repeat

the normal

STARTING AND OPERATING 325

To ensure reliable starting at these temperatures, use of an externally powered electric engine block heater (avail- able from your authorized dealer) is recommended. High Altitude Starting — Above 4,000 ft (1 219 m) Follow the same instructions in the “Normal Starting” procedure. To ensure reliable starting at these temperatures, use of an externally powered electric engine block heater (avail- able from your authorized dealer) is recommended. If The Engine Fails To Start

WARNING!

• Never pour fuel or other flammable liquids into the throttle body air inlet opening in an attempt to start the vehicle. This could result in a flash fire causing serious personal injury.

(Continued)

326 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING! (Continued)

• Do not attempt to push or tow your vehicle to get it started. Vehicles equipped with an automatic transaxle cannot be started this way. Unburned fuel could enter the catalytic converter and once the engine has started, ignite and damage the converter and vehicle. • If the vehicle has a discharged battery, booster cables may be used to obtain a start from a booster battery or the battery in another vehicle. This type of start can be dangerous if done improperly. Refer to “Jump Starting” in Section 6 of this manual.

If the engine fails to start after you have followed the “Normal Starting” procedure, it may be flooded. Push the accelerator pedal all the way to the floor and hold it there while cranking the engine. This should clear any excess fuel in case the engine is flooded.

CAUTION!

To prevent damage to the starter, DO NOT crank the engine for more than 15–second intervals at one time. Wait 10 to 15 seconds before trying again.

If the engine has been flooded, it may start to run, but not have enough power to continue running when the key is released. If this occurs, continue cranking with the accel- erator pedal pushed all the way to the floor. Release the accelerator pedal and the key once the engine is running smoothly. If the engine shows no sign of starting after two 15– second intervals of cranking with the accelerator pedal held to the floor, the “Normal Starting” procedure should be repeated.

After Starting The idle speed will automatically decrease as the engine warms up.

ENGINE BLOCK HEATER — IF EQUIPPED The engine block heater warms engine coolant and permits quicker starts in cold weather. Connect the electrical cord to a standard 110-115 Volt AC electrical outlet with a grounded, three-wire extension cord. The engine block heater cord is routed under the hood on the driver’s side of the vehicle. It has a removable cap that is located on the driver side of the Integrated Power Module.

STARTING AND OPERATING 327

AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE

CAUTION!

vehicle has come to a complete stop.

Damage to the transaxle may occur if the following precautions are not observed: • Move the shift lever into PARK only after the • Do not move the shift lever from REVERSE, PARK, or NEUTRAL into any forward gear when the engine is above idle speed. • Before moving the shift lever into any gear, make

sure your foot is firmly on the brake pedal.

WARNING!

NOTE: You must press and hold the brake pedal down while shifting out of PARK.

Remember to disconnect the electrical cord before driving. Damage to the 110-115 volt electrical cord could cause electrocution.

328 STARTING AND OPERATING

WARNING!

It is dangerous to move the shift lever out of PARK or NEUTRAL if the engine speed is higher than idle speed. If your foot is not firmly on the brake pedal, the vehicle could accelerate quickly forward or in reverse. You could lose control of the vehicle and hit someone or something. Only shift into gear when the engine is idling normally and when your right foot is firmly on the brake pedal.

Brake/Transaxle Interlock System This system holds the shift lever in the PARK position when the ignition switch is in the LOCK position. It also prevents you, once the engine is started, from moving the shift lever out of PARK and into any gear, unless the brake pedal is pressed. This system is active only while

the ignition switch is in the ON position. Always press the brake pedal first before moving the shift lever out of PARK. Automatic Transaxle Ignition Interlock System For electrical system malfunctions, there is an override for the interlock system. In order to override this system, remove the cover located to the top right of the shift lever in the instrument panel. The override can be activated by pressing the white-colored tab, which can be accessed through the hole in the instrument panel. While the override is pressed, the shift lever can be moved out of the PARK position without pressing the brake pedal. After operation, return the cover to its original position. This system prevents the key from being removed unless the shift lever is in PARK. It also prevents moving the shift lever out of PARK, unless the key is in the ON/RUN position, and the brake pedal is depressed.

If a malfunction occurs, the system will trap the NOTE: key in the ignition cylinder to warn you that this safety feature is inoperable. The engine can be started and stopped but the key cannot be removed until you obtain service. Four-Speed or Six-Speed Automatic Transaxle

NOTE: Under extreme cold temperatures (-6°F (-21°C) and when in DRIVE, transmission operation may be briefly limited to only 2nd gear operation. Normal op- eration will resume once the transmission temperature has risen to a suitable level (4–Speed Models Only). The electronically-controlled transaxle provides a precise shift schedule. The transaxle electronics are self- calibrating; therefore, the first few shifts on a new vehicle may be somewhat abrupt. This is a normal condition, and precision shifts will develop within a few hundred miles (kilometers).

STARTING AND OPERATING 329

The transaxle has only PRND shift positions. Downshifts are carried out by an Electronic Range Select (ERS) by moving the lever—/ + while in the DRIVE position, the instrument cluster will display transaxle gear selection as 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 for six-speed, and 4, 3, 2, 1 for four-speed transaxles. Gear Ranges Do not race the engine when moving the shift lever from PARK or NEUTRAL positions into another gear range. PARK Placing the shift lever into PARK supplements the park- ing brake by locking the transaxle. The engine can be started in this gear. Never attempt to use PARK while the vehicle is in motion. Apply the parking brake when leaving the vehicle in this gear.

330 STARTING AND OPERATING

When parking on a flat surface, place the shift lever in the PARK position first, and then apply the parking brake. When parking on a hill, it is important to set the parking brake before placing the shift lever in PARK, otherwise the load on the transaxle locking mechanism may make it difficult to move the shift lever out of PARK. As an added precaution, turn the front wheels toward the curb on a downhill grade, and away from the curb on an uphill grade.

WARNING!

• Never use the PARK position on an automatic transaxle as a substitute for the parking brake. Always apply the parking brake fully when parked to guard against vehicle movement and possible injury or damage.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• Unintended movement of a vehicle could injure those in and near the vehicle. As with all vehicles, you should never exit a vehicle while the engine is running. Before exiting a vehicle, you should always move the shift lever into PARK, remove the key from the ignition, and apply the parking brake. Once the key is removed from the ignition, the shift lever is locked in the PARK position, securing the vehicle against unwanted movement. Furthermore, you should never leave unattended children or pets inside a vehicle.

The following indicators should be used to ensure that you have placed the shift lever into the PARK position: • When moving the shift lever into PARK, depress the button on the shift lever and firmly move the lever all the way forward until it stops.

ensure the shift lever is in the PARK position.

• Look at the shift indicator window on the console to • When engaged in PARK, you will not be able to move the shift lever rearward without depressing the shift lever button.

CAUTION!

Before moving the shift lever out of PARK, you must turn the ignition from LOCK/OFF to ON so the steering wheel and shift lever are released. Other- wise, damage to the steering column or shift lever could result.

REVERSE Use REVERSE for moving the vehicle rearward. Shift into REVERSE only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop.

STARTING AND OPERATING 331

NEUTRAL Place the shift lever into this gear only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop. The engine may be started in this range.

WARNING!

Do not coast in NEUTRAL and never turn off the ignition to coast down a hill. These are unsafe practices that limit your response to changing traffic or road conditions. You might lose control of the vehicle and have an accident.

DRIVE — Six-Speed Transaxle This range should be used for most city and highway driving. It provides the smoothest upshifts, downshifts, and best fuel economy. However, use the Electronic Range Select (ERS) mode by moving the lever — / + and select the “5” range when frequent transaxle shifting occurs while using the DRIVE range, such as when

332 STARTING AND OPERATING

operating the vehicle under heavy loading conditions, (i.e., in hilly terrain, traveling into strong head winds or while towing heavy trailers). Under these conditions, using the “5” range will improve performance and extend transaxle life by reducing excessive shifting and heat buildup. DRIVE — Four-Speed Transaxle This range should be used for most city and highway driving. It provides the smoothest upshifts, downshifts, and best fuel economy. However, select the “3” range when frequent transaxle shifting occurs while using the DRIVE range, such as when operating the vehicle under heavy loading conditions, (i.e., in hilly terrain, traveling into strong head winds or while towing heavy trailers). Under these conditions, using the “3” range will improve performance and extend transaxle life by reducing exces- sive shifting and heat buildup.

CAUTION!

If the transaxle operating temperature exceeds ac- ceptable limits, the vehicle computer will override DRIVE and select “5” range (on six-speed transaxles) or “3” range (on four-speed transaxles) by changing shift points. This is done to prevent transaxle damage due to overheating.

Electronic Range Select (ERS) Operation The Electronic Range Select (ERS) shift control allows you to move the shift lever to the left (-) or right (+) when the shift lever is in the DRIVE position, this allows the selection of the desired top gear. For example, if you shift the transaxle into 3rd gear, the transaxle will never shift above 3rd gear, but can shift down to 2nd or 1st gear automatically, when needed.

Switching from ERS to DRIVE can be done at any vehicle speed. To shift from DRIVE mode to ERS mode, move the shift lever to the left (-) once. The current gear will be maintained as the top gear. To disable ERS, simply press and hold the shift lever to the right (+) until “D” is displayed in the instrument cluster odometer.

WARNING!

Do not downshift for additional engine braking on a slippery surface. The drive wheels could lose their grip and the vehicle could skid, causing an accident or personal injury.

STARTING AND OPERATING 333

1-6

1-5

1-4

1-3

1-2

1-6

Odometer Screen Dis- play Actual Gear(s) Al- lowed (Six- Speed Transaxle) Actual Gear(s) Al- lowed (Four-Speed Transaxle) NOTE: To select the proper gear position for maximum deceleration (engine braking), simply press and hold the shift lever to the left (-). The transaxle will shift to the range from which the vehicle can best be slowed down.

1-4 N/A N/A 1–4

1-2

1-3

334 STARTING AND OPERATING

Reset Mode - Electronic Transaxle The transaxle is monitored electronically for abnormal conditions. If a condition is detected that could cause damage, the transaxle automatically shifts into 2nd gear (3rd gear for six-speed). The transaxle remains in 2nd gear (3rd gear for six-speed) despite the forward gear selected. PARK, REVERSE, and NEUTRAL will continue to operate. This Reset feature allows the vehicle to be driven to an authorized dealer for service without dam- aging the transaxle. In the event of a momentary problem, the transaxle can be reset to regain all forward gears by performing the following steps: 1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Shift into PARK. 3. Turn the ignition switch to the LOCK position. 4. Restart the engine.

5. Shift into the desired gear range and resume driving. NOTE: Even if the transaxle can be reset, it is recom- mended that you visit an authorized dealer at your earliest possible convenience. Your authorized dealer has diagnostic equipment to determine if the problem could recur. If the transaxle cannot be reset, authorized dealer service is required.

DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES

Acceleration Rapid acceleration on snow covered, wet, or other slip- pery surfaces may cause the front wheels to pull errati- cally to the right or left. This phenomenon occurs when there is a difference in the surface traction under the front (driving) wheels.

STARTING AND OPERATING 335

2. Slow down if the road has standing water or puddles. 3. Replace the tires when tread wear indicators first become visible. 4. Keep the tires properly inflated. 5. Maintain sufficient distance between your vehicle and the vehicle in front of you to avoid a collision in a sudden stop.

DRIVING THROUGH WATER Driving through water more than a few inches/ centimeters deep will require extra caution to ensure safety and prevent damage to your vehicle.

WARNING!

Rapid acceleration on slippery surfaces is dangerous. Unequal traction can cause sudden pulling of the front wheels. You could lose control of the vehicle and possibly have an accident. Accelerate slowly and carefully whenever there is likely to be poor traction (ice, snow, wet mud, loose sand, etc.).

Traction When driving on wet or slushy roads, it is possible for a wedge of water to build up between the tire and road surface. This is known as hydroplaning and may cause partial or complete loss of vehicle control and stopping ability. To reduce this possibility, the following precau- tions should be observed: 1. Slow down during rainstorms or when roads are slushy.

336 STARTING AND OPERATING

Flowing/Rising Water

WARNING!

Do not drive on, or cross, a road or a path where water is flowing and/or rising (as in storm run-off). Flowing water can wear away the road or path’s surface and cause your vehicle to sink into deeper water. Furthermore, flowing and/or rising water can carry your vehicle away swiftly. Failure to follow this warning may result in injuries that are serious or fatal to you, your passengers, and others around you.

Shallow Standing Water Although your vehicle is capable of driving through shallow standing water, consider the following Caution and Warning before doing so.

CAUTION!

• Always check the depth of the standing water before driving through it. Never drive through standing water that is deeper than the bottom of the tire rims mounted on the vehicle. • Determine the condition of the road or the path that is under water, and if there are any obstacles in the way, before driving through the standing water. • Do not exceed 5 mph (8 km/h) when driving through standing water. This will minimize wave effects.

(Continued)

CAUTION! (Continued)

• Driving through standing water may cause dam- age to your vehicle’s drivetrain components. Al- ways inspect your vehicle’s fluids (i.e., engine oil, transmission/transaxle, axle, etc.) for signs of con- tamination (i.e., fluid that is milky or foamy in appearance) after driving through standing water. Do not continue to operate the vehicle if any fluid appears contaminated, as this may result in further damage. Such damage is not covered by the New Vehicle Limited Warranty. • Getting water inside your vehicle’s engine can cause it to lock up and stall out, and cause serious internal damage to the engine. Such damage is not covered by the New Vehicle Limited Warranty.

STARTING AND OPERATING 337

WARNING!

• Driving through standing water limits your vehi- cle’s traction capabilities. Do not exceed 5 mph (8 km/h) when driving through standing water. • Driving through standing water limits your vehi- cle’s braking capabilities, which increases stop- ping distances. Therefore, after driving through standing water, drive slowly and lightly press on the brake pedal several times to dry the brakes. • Getting water inside your vehicle’s engine can cause it to lock up and stall out, and leave you stranded. • Failure to follow these warnings may result in injuries that are serious or fatal to you, your passengers, and others around you.

338 STARTING AND OPERATING

POWER STEERING The standard power steering system will give you good vehicle response and increased ease of maneuverability in tight spaces. The system will provide mechanical steering capability if power assist is lost. If for some reason the power assist is interrupted, it will still be possible to steer your vehicle. Under these condi- tions, you will observe a substantial increase in steering effort, especially at very low vehicle speeds and during parking maneuvers. Increased noise levels at the end of the steering NOTE: wheel travel are considered normal and do not indicate that there is a problem with the power steering system. Upon initial start-up in cold weather, the power steering pump may make noise for a short amount of time. This is due to the cold, thick fluid in the steering system. This noise should be considered normal, and it does not in any way damage the steering system.

WARNING!

Continued operation with reduced power steering assist could pose a safety risk to yourself and others. Service should be obtained as soon as possible.

CAUTION!

Prolonged operation of the steering system at the end of the steering wheel travel will increase the steering fluid temperature and it should be avoided when possible. Damage to the power steering pump may occur.

Power Steering Fluid Check Checking the power steering fluid level at a defined service interval is not required. The fluid should only be checked if a leak is suspected, abnormal noises are

apparent, and/or the system is not functioning as antici- pated. Coordinate inspection efforts through an autho- rized dealer.

WARNING!

Fluid level should be checked on a level surface and with the engine off to prevent injury from moving parts and to ensure accurate fluid level reading. Do not overfill. Use only manufacturers recommended power steering fluid.

If necessary, add fluid to restore to the proper indicated level. With a clean cloth, wipe any spilled fluid from all surfaces. For correct fluid type, refer to ”Power Steering Reservoir” under “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genuine Parts” in this section.

STARTING AND OPERATING 339

PARKING BRAKE When the parking brake is applied with the ignition switch ON, the brake light in the instrument cluster will turn on. NOTE: This light only shows that the parking brake is applied. It does not show the degree of brake application. Before leaving the vehicle, make sure that the parking brake is fully applied and place the gear selector lever in the PARK position. To release the parking brake, depress the emergency break pedal a second time and let your foot up as you feel the brake disengage.

340 STARTING AND OPERATING

Parking Brake

Be sure the parking brake is firmly set when parked and the gear selector lever is in the PARK position. When parking on a hill you should apply the parking brake before placing the gear selector lever in PARK, otherwise the load on the transaxle locking mechanism may make it difficult to move the gear selector lever out of PARK.

WARNING!

• Always fully apply the parking brake when leav- ing your vehicle, or it may roll and cause damage or injury. Also be certain to leave an automatic transaxle in PARK. Failure to do so may allow the vehicle to roll and cause damage or injury. • Be sure the parking brake is fully disengaged before driving. Failure to do so can lead to brake problems due to excessive heating of the rear brakes.

WARNING!

NEVER leave children alone in a vehicle. Leaving unattended children in a vehicle is dangerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be seri- ously or fatally injured. Do not leave the key in the ignition. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle

When parking on a hill, turn the front wheels toward the curb on a downhill grade, and away from the curb on an uphill grade. The parking brake should always be applied whenever the driver is not in the vehicle.

STARTING AND OPERATING 341

ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM (ABS) ABS provides increased vehicle stability and brake per- formance under most braking conditions. The system automatically “pumps” the brakes during severe braking conditions to prevent wheel lock-up. ABS is activated during braking under certain road or stopping conditions. ABS-inducing conditions can in- clude ice, snow, gravel, bumps, railroad tracks, loose debris, or panic stops. You may experience the following when the brake system goes into Anti-lock: • The ABS motor running (it may continue to run for a • A clicking sound of solenoid valves • Brake pedal pulsations

short time after the stop)

342 STARTING AND OPERATING

• A slight drop or fall away of the brake pedal at the end

of the stop

WARNING!

• The Anti-Lock Brake System contains sophisti- cated electronic equipment that may be suscep- tible to interference caused by improperly in- stalled, or high output radio transmitting equipment. This interference can cause possible loss of anti-lock braking capability. Installation of such equipment should be performed by qualified professionals. • Pumping of the Anti-Lock Brakes will diminish their effectiveness and may lead to an accident. Pumping makes the stopping distance longer. Just press firmly on your brake pedal when you need to slow down or stop.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• The Anti-Lock Brake System cannot prevent acci- dents, including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, following another vehicle too closely, or hydroplaning. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. • The capabilities of an ABS-equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner, which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

All vehicle wheels and tires must be the same size and type, and tires must be properly inflated to produce accurate signals for the computer.

Anti-Lock Brake Light

The ABS light monitors the Anti-Lock Brake System. The light will come on when the ignition switch is turned to the ON position and may stay on for as long as four seconds. If the ABS light remains on or comes on while driving, it indicates that the Anti-Lock portion of the brake system is not functioning and that service is required. However, the conventional brake system will continue to operate normally if the BRAKE warning light is not on. If the ABS light is on, the brake system should be serviced as soon as possible to restore the benefits of anti-lock brakes. If the ABS light does not come on when the ignition switch is turned to the ON position, have the bulb repaired as soon as possible.

STARTING AND OPERATING 343

If both the Brake Warning Light and the ABS Light remain on, the ABS and Electronic Brake Force Distribu- tion (EBD) systems are not functioning. Immediate repair to the ABS system is required. Consult with your autho- rized dealer service center as soon as possible.

BRAKE SYSTEM

Your vehicle is equipped with dual hydraulic brake systems. If either of the two hydraulic systems loses normal capability, the remaining system will still function. However, there will be some loss of overall braking effectiveness. This will be evident by increased pedal travel during application and greater pedal force required to slow or stop the vehicle. In addition, if the malfunction is caused by a leak in the hydraulic system, the brake warning indicator will turn on as the brake fluid level drops in the master cylinder reservoir.

344 STARTING AND OPERATING

In the event power assist is lost for any reason (for example, repeated brake applications with the engine off), the brakes will still function. The effort required to brake the vehicle will be much greater than that required with the power system operating.

WARNING!

• Riding the brakes can lead to brake failure and possibly an accident. Driving with your foot rest- ing or riding on the brake pedal can result in abnormally high brake temperatures, excessive lining wear, and possible brake damage. You would not have your full braking capacity in an emergency.

(Continued)

WARNING! (Continued)

• Driving a vehicle with the brake light on is dan- gerous. A significant decrease in braking perfor- mance or vehicle stability during braking may occur. It will take you longer to stop the vehicle or will make your vehicle harder to control. You could have an accident. Have the vehicle checked immediately.

ELECTRONIC BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Your vehicle is equipped with an advanced electronic brake control system that includes TCS (Traction Control System), BAS (Brake Assist System) and ESP (Electronic Stability Program). These systems complement the ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System) by optimizing the vehicle braking capability during emergency braking maneu- vers.

Traction Control System (TCS) This system monitors the amount of wheel spin of each of the driven wheels. If wheel spin is detected, brake pressure is applied to the slipping wheel(s) and engine power is reduced, to provide enhanced acceleration and stability. A feature of the TCS functions similarly to a limited-slip differential, and controls the wheel spin across a driven axle. If one wheel on a driven axle is spinning faster than the other, the system will apply the brake of the spinning wheel. This will allow more engine torque to be applied to the wheel that is not spinning. This feature remains active even if the ESP is in the “Partial Off” mode.

The TCS Indicator Light, located in the instru- ment cluster, starts to flash as soon as the tires lose traction and the wheels begin to spin. This indicates that the TCS is active. If the indicator

STARTING AND OPERATING 345

light flashes during acceleration, ease up on the accelera- tor and apply as little throttle as possible. Be sure to adapt your speed and driving to the prevailing road conditions, and do not switch off the ESP or TCS.

WARNING!

• The TCS cannot prevent the natural laws of phys- ics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the traction afforded. • The TCS cannot prevent accidents, including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. • The capabilities of a TCS-equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner, which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

346 STARTING AND OPERATING

Brake Assist System (BAS) The BAS is designed to optimize the vehicle’s braking capability during emergency braking maneuvers. The system detects an emergency braking situation by sens- ing the rate and amount of brake application, and then applies optimum pressure to the brakes. This can help reduce braking distances. The BAS complements the ABS. Applying the brakes very quickly results in the best BAS assistance. To receive the benefit of the system, you must apply continuous braking pressure during the stopping sequence. Do not reduce brake pedal pressure unless braking is no longer desired. Once the brake pedal is released, the BAS is deactivated.

WARNING!

• The BAS cannot prevent the natural laws of phys- ics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the traction afforded by prevailing road condi- tions.

• The BAS cannot prevent accidents,

including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, driving on very slippery surfaces, or hydroplan- ing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. • The capabilities of a BAS-equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.

Electronic Stability Program (ESP) This system enhances directional control and stability of the vehicle under various driving conditions. ESP cor- rects for over/under steering of the vehicle by applying the brake of the appropriate wheel to assist in counter- acting the over/under steer condition. Engine power may also be reduced to help the vehicle maintain the desired path. ESP uses sensors in the vehicle to determine the vehicle path intended by the driver and compares it to the actual path of the vehicle. When the actual path does not match the intended path, ESP applies the brake of the appropri- ate wheel to assist in counteracting the oversteer or understeer condition. • Oversteer - when the vehicle is turning more than • Understeer - when the vehicle is turning less than

appropriate for the steering wheel position.

appropriate for the steering wheel position.

STARTING AND OPERATING 347

ESP ON This is the normal operating mode for ESP on 2WD vehicles. Whenever the vehicle is started, the ESP system will be in this mode. This mode should be used for most driving situations. ESP should only be turned off for specific reasons as noted below. ESP Partial OFF This mode is entered by momentarily depressing the ESP OFF switch (located in the center switch bank, next to the hazard flasher switch).

When in Partial OFF mode, the TCS portion of ESP, except for the “limited slip” feature de- scribed in the TCS section, has been disabled and the ESP/TCS Indicator Light will be illu- minated. All other stability features of the ESP function normally. This mode is intended to be used if the vehicle is in deep snow, sand or gravel conditions and more wheel spin than ESP would normally allow is required to

348 STARTING AND OPERATING

gain traction. To turn ESP on again, momentarily depress the ESP OFF switch. This will restore the normal ESP ON mode of operation. NOTE: To improve the vehicle’s traction when driving with snow chains, or starting off in deep snow, sand or gravel, it may be desirable to switch to the Partial OFF mode by pressing the ESP OFF switch. Once the situation requiring ESP to be switched to the Partial OFF mode is overcome, turn ESP back on by momentarily depressing the ESP OFF switch. This may be done while the vehicle is in motion. ESP/BAS Warning Light

The malfunction indicator light for the ESP is combined with BAS. The ESP/BAS Warning light and the ESP/TCS Indicator Light in the instrument cluster, both come on when the ignition switch is turned to the ON position. They should go out with the engine running. If the ESP/BAS Warning

Light comes on continuously with the engine running, a malfunction has been detected in either the ESP or the BAS system. If this light remains on after several ignition cycles, and the vehicle has been driven several miles/ kilometers at speeds greater than 30 mph (48 km/h), see your authorized dealer as soon as possible to have the problem diagnosed and corrected. NOTE: • The ESP/TCS Indicator Light and the ESP/BAS Warn- ing Light come on momentarily, each time the ignition switch is turned ON. • Each time the ignition is turned ON, the ESP System • The ESP Control System will make buzzing or clicking sounds when it is active. This is normal. The sounds will stop when ESP becomes inactive, following the maneuver that caused the ESP activation.

will be ON, even if it was turned off previously.

TIRE SAFETY INFORMATION

Tire Markings

1 — U.S. DOT Safety Stan- dards Code (TIN) 2 — Size Designation 3 — Service Description

4 — Maximum Load

5 — Maximum Pressure 6 — Treadwear, Traction and Temperature Grades

STARTING AND OPERATING 349

NOTE: • P (Passenger) - Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. P-Metric tires have the letter “P” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designa- tion. Example: P215/65R15 95H. • European-Metric tire sizing is based on European design standards. Tires designed to this standard have the tire size molded into the sidewall beginning with the section width. The letter ⬙P⬙ is absent from this tire size designation. Example: 215/65R15 96H. • LT (Light Truck) - Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. The size designation for LT-Metric tires is the same as for P-Metric tires except for the letters “LT” that are molded into the sidewall preced- ing the size designation. Example: LT235/85R16. • Temporary spare tires are high-pressure compact spares designed for temporary emergency use only.

350 STARTING AND OPERATING

Tires designed to this standard have the letter “T” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designa- tion. Example: T145/80D18 103M.

• High flotation tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards, and it begins with the tire diameter molded into the sidewall. Example: 31x10.5 R15 LT.

Tire Sizing Chart

Size Designation:

EXAMPLE:

P = Passenger Car tire size based on U.S. design standards ⴖ....blank....ⴖ = Passenger Car tire based on European design standards LT = Light Truck tire based on U.S. design standards T = Temporary spare tire 31 = Overall diameter in inches (in) 215 = Section width in millimeters (mm) 65 = Aspect ratio in percent (%)

— Ratio of section height to section width of tire

10.5 = Section width in inches (in)

STARTING AND OPERATING 351

EXAMPLE:

R = Construction code

— ⬙R⬙ means radial construction —⬙D⬙ means diagonal or bias construction

15 = Rim diameter in inches (in)

Service Description:

95 = Load Index

— A numerical code associated with the maximum load a tire can carry

H = Speed Symbol

— A symbol indicating the range of speeds at which a tire can carry a load corresponding to its load index under certain operating conditions — The maximum speed corresponding to the speed symbol should only be achieved under specified operating conditions (i.e., tire pressure, vehicle loading, road conditions, and posted speed limits)

352 STARTING AND OPERATING

Load Identification:

EXAMPLE:

ⴖ....blank....ⴖ = Absence of any text on the sidewall of the tire indicates a Standard Load (SL) Tire Extra Load (XL) = Extra load (or reinforced) tire Light Load = Light load tire C, D, E = Load range associated with the maximum load a tire can carry at a specified pressure

Maximum Load — Maximum load indicates the maximum load this tire is designed to carry Maximum Pressure — Maximum pressure indicates the maximum permissible cold tire inflation pressure for this tire

Tire Identification Number (TIN) The TIN may be found on one or both sides of the tire, however, the date code may only be on one side. Tires with white sidewalls will have the full TIN, including the date code, located on the white sidewall side of the tire.

STARTING AND OPERATING 353

Look for the TIN on the outboard side of black sidewall tires as mounted on the vehicle. If the TIN is not found on the outboard side, then you will find it on the inboard side of the tire.

DOT = Department of Transportation

— This symbol certifies that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation tire safety standards, and is approved for highway use

EXAMPLE:

DOT MA L9 ABCD 0301

MA = Code representing the tire manufacturing location (two digits) L9 = Code representing the tire size (two digits) ABCD = Code used by the tire manufacturer (one to four digits) 03 = Number representing the week in which the tire was manufactured (two digits)

—03 means the 3rd week.

01 = Number representing the year in which the tire was manufactured (two digits)

—01 means the year 2001
— Prior to July 2000, tire manufacturers were only required to have one number to represent the year in which the tire was manufactured. Example: 031 could represent the 3rd week of 1981 or 1991

354 STARTING AND OPERATING

Tire Loading and Tire Pressure

Tire Placard Location NOTE: The proper cold tire inflation pressure is listed on the driver’s side B-Pillar.

Tire and Loading Information Placard

Tire and Loading Information Placard

This placard tells you important information about the: 1) number of people that can be carried in the vehicle 2) total weight your vehicle can carry

3) tire size designed for your vehicle 4) cold tire inflation pressures for the front, rear, and spare tires. Loading The vehicle maximum load on the tire must not exceed the load carrying capacity of the tire on your vehicle. You will not exceed the tire’s load carrying capacity if you adhere to the loading conditions, tire size, and cold tire inflation pressures specified on the Tire and Loading Information placard and in the “Vehicle Loading” section of this manual. NOTE: Under a maximum loaded vehicle condition, gross axle weight ratings (GAWRs) for the front and rear axles must not be exceeded. For further information on GAWRs, vehicle loading, and trailer towing, refer to “Vehicle Loading” in this section. To determine the maximum loading conditions of your vehicle, locate the statement “The combined weight of

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occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs.” on the Tire and Loading Information placard. The combined weight of occupants, cargo/luggage and trailer tongue weight (if applicable) should never exceed the weight referenced here. Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement “The combined weight of occu- pants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs” on your vehicle’s placard. 2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle. 3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and pas- sengers from XXX kg or XXX lbs. 4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if “XXX” amount equals 1,400 lbs (635 kg) and there will be five 150 lb (68 kg) passengers in your vehicle, the amount of

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available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs (295 kg) (since 5 x 150 = 750, and 1400 – 750 = 650 lbs [295 kg]). 5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4. 6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.

NOTE: • The following table shows examples on how to calcu- late total load, cargo/luggage, and towing capacities of your vehicle with varying seating configurations and number and size of occupants. This table is for illustration purposes only and may not be accurate for the seating and load carry capacity of your vehicle. • For the following example, the combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed 865 lbs (392 kg).

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WARNING!

Safety

Overloading of your tires is dangerous. Overloading can cause tire failure, affect vehicle handling, and increase your stopping distance. Use tires of the recommended load capacity for your vehicle. Never overload them.

TIRES — GENERAL INFORMATION

Tire Pressure Proper tire inflation pressure is essential to the safe and satisfactory operation of your vehicle. Three primary areas are affected by improper tire pressure.

WARNING!

cause accidents.

sult in tire failure.

• Improperly inflated tires are dangerous and can • Under-inflation increases tire flexing and can re- • Over-inflation reduces a tire’s ability to cushion shock. Objects on the road and chuckholes can cause damage that result in tire failure. • Unequal tire pressures can cause steering prob- • Over-inflated or under-inflated tires can affect vehicle handling and can fail suddenly, resulting in loss of vehicle control.

lems. You could lose control of your vehicle.

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WARNING! (Continued)

• Unequal tire pressures from one side of the ve- hicle to the other can cause the vehicle to drift to the right or left. • Always drive with each tire inflated to the recom-

mended cold tire inflation pressure.

Economy Improper inflation pressures can cause uneven wear patterns to develop across the tire tread. These abnormal wear patterns will reduce tread life resulting in a need for earlier tire replacement. Under-inflation, also increases tire rolling resistance and results fuel consumption. Ride Comfort and Vehicle Stability Proper tire inflation contributes to a comfortable ride. Over-inflation produces a jarring and uncomfortable ride.

in higher

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Tire Inflation Pressures The proper cold tire inflation pressure is listed on the driver’s side “B” Pillar. The tire pressure should be checked and adjusted, and the tires inspected for signs of wear or visible damage, at least once a month. Use a good quality pocket-type gauge to check tire pressure. Do not make a visual judgement when determining proper inflation. Radial tires may look properly inflated, even when they are under-inflated.

CAUTION!

After inspecting or adjusting the tire pressure, al- ways reinstall the valve stem cap (if equipped). This will prevent moisture and dirt from entering the valve stem, which could damage the valve stem.

Inflation pressures specified on the placard are always “cold tire inflation pressure.” Cold tire inflation pressure

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is defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours, or driven less than 1 mile (1.6 km) after a three-hour period. The cold tire inflation pressure must not exceed the maximum infla- tion pressure molded into the tire sidewall. Check tire pressures more often if subject to a wide range of outdoor temperatures, as tire pressures vary with temperature changes. Tire pressures change by approximately 1 psi (7 kPa) per 12° F (7° C) of air temperature change. Keep this in mind when checking tire pressure inside a garage, especially in the Winter. Example: If garage temperature is 68°F (20°C) and the outside temperature is 32°F (0°C), then the cold tire inflation pressure should be increased by 3 psi (21 kPa), which equals 1 psi (7 kPa) for every 12°F (7°C) for this outside temperature condition.

Tire pressure may increase from 2 to 6 psi (13 to 40 kPa) during operation. Do not reduce this normal pressure buildup or your tire pressure will be too low. Tire Pressures for High-Speed Operation The manufacturer advocates driving at safe speeds within posted speed limits. Where speed limits or condi- tions are such that the vehicle can be driven at high speeds, maintaining correct tire inflation pressure is very important. Increased tire pressure and reduced vehicle loading may be required for high-speed vehicle opera- tion. Refer to original-equipment information, or an authorized tire dealer, for recommended safe operating speeds, loading and cold tire inflation pressures.

WARNING!

High-speed driving, with your vehicle at or above maximum load, is dangerous. The added strain on your tires could cause them to fail. You could have a serious accident. Do not drive a vehicle loaded to the maximum capacity at continuous speeds above 75 mph (120 km/h).

Radial-Ply Tires

WARNING!

Combining radial ply tires with other types of tires on your vehicle will cause your vehicle to handle poorly. The instability could cause an accident. Al- ways use radial ply tires in sets of four. Never combine them with other types of tires.

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Cuts and punctures in radial tires are repairable only in the tread area because of sidewall flexing. Consult your authorized tire dealer for radial tire repairs. Compact Spare Tire — If Equipped The compact spare is for temporary emergency use with radial tires. It is engineered to be used on your style vehicle only. Since this tire has limited tread life, the original tire should be repaired (or replaced) and rein- stalled at the first opportunity.

WARNING!

• Temporary-use spare tires are for emergency use only. With these tires, do not drive more than 50 mph (80 km/h).

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WARNING! (Continued)

• Temporary-use spare tires have limited tread life. When the tread is worn to the tread wear indica- tors, the temporary use spare tire needs to be replaced. • Be sure to follow the warnings that apply to your spare. Failure to do so could result in spare tire failure and loss of vehicle control.

Do not install a wheel cover or attempt to mount a conventional tire on the compact spare wheel, since the wheel is designed specifically for the compact spare. Do not install more than one compact spare tire/wheel on the vehicle at any given time.

CAUTION!

Because of the reduced ground clearance, do not take your vehicle through an automatic car wash with the compact spare installed. Damage to the vehicle may result.

Limited-Use Spare Tire — If Equipped The limited-use spare tire is for temporary emergency use on your vehicle. This tire is identified by a limited- use spare tire warning label, located on the limited-use spare tire and wheel assembly. This tire may look like the original-equipped tire on the front or rear axle of your vehicle, but it is not. Installation of this limited-use spare tire affects vehicle handling. Since it is not the same tire, replace (or repair) the original tire, and reinstall on the vehicle at the first opportunity.

WARNING!

limited-use spare tire.

• The limited-use spare tire is for emergency use only. Installation of this limited-use spare tire affects vehicle handling. • Do not drive more than 50 mph (80 km/h) with a • Keep the limited-use spare tire inflated to the cold tire inflation pressure, listed on either your tire placard or limited use spare tire and wheel assem- bly. • Replace (or repair) the original tire at the first opportunity and reinstall it on your vehicle. Fail- ure to do so could result in loss of vehicle control.

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Tire Spinning When stuck in mud, sand, snow, or ice conditions, do not spin your vehicle’s wheels faster than 30 mph (48 km/h), or continuously for longer than 30 seconds, without stopping. Refer to “Freeing A Stuck Vehicle” in Section 6 of this manual for additional information.

WARNING!

• Fast spinning tires can be dangerous. Forces gen- erated by excessive wheel speeds may cause tire damage or failure. A tire could explode and injure someone. • Do not spin your vehicle’s wheels faster than 30 mph (48 km/h), or for more than 30 seconds continuously, when you are stuck; and do not let anyone near a spinning wheel, no matter what the speed.

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Tread Wear Indicators Tread wear indicators are in the original-equipment tires to help you in determining when your tires should be replaced.

These indicators are molded into the bottom of the tread grooves. They will appear as bands when the tread depth becomes 1/16 in (2 mm). When the tread is worn to the tread wear indicators, the tire should be replaced. Tire Life The service life of a tire is dependent upon varying factors, including, but not limited to: • Driving style • Tire pressure • Distance driven

1 — Worn Tire 2 — New Tire

WARNING!

The tires and the spare tire should be replaced after six years, regardless of the remaining tread. Failure to follow this warning can result in sudden tire failure. You could lose control and have an accident resulting in serious injury or death.

Keep dismounted tires in a cool, dry place with as little exposure to light as possible. Protect tires from contact with oil, grease and gasoline. Replacement Tires The tires on your new vehicle provide a balance of many characteristics. They should be inspected regularly for

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wear and correct cold tire inflation pressure. The manu- facturer strongly recommends that you use tires equiva- lent to the originals in size, quality and performance when replacement is needed. Please see “Tread Wear Indicators” and “Tire and Loading Information” placard for the size designation of your tire. The service descrip- tion and load identification will be found on the original- equipment tire. Failure to use equivalent replacement tires may adversely affect the safety, handling, and ride of your vehicle. We recommend that you contact your original-equipment manufacturer, or an authorized tire dealer, with any questions you may have on tire specifi- cations or capability.

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WARNING!

• Do not use a tire, wheel size or rating other than that specified for your vehicle. Some combinations of unapproved tires and wheels may change sus- pension dimensions and performance characteris- tics, resulting in changes to steering, handling, and braking of your vehicle. This can cause unpredict- able handling and stress to steering and suspen- sion components. You could lose control and have an accident resulting in serious injury or death. Use only the tire and wheel sizes with load ratings approved for your vehicle. • Never use a tire with a smaller load index or capacity, than what was originally equipped on your vehicle. Using a tire with a smaller load index could result in tire overloading and failure. You could lose control and have an accident.

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WARNING! (Continued)

• Failure to equip your vehicle with tires having adequate speed capability can result in sudden tire failure and loss of vehicle control.

CAUTION!

Replacing original tires with tires of a different size may result in false speedometer and odometer read- ings.

Alignment and Tire Balance Poor suspension alignment may result in: • Fast tire wear • Uneven tire wear, such as feathering and one-sided • Vehicle pull to right or left

wear

Tires may also cause the vehicle to pull to the left or right. Alignment will not correct this condition. See your authorized dealer for proper diagnosis. Improper alignment will not cause vehicle vibration. Vibration may be a result of tire and wheel out-of- balance. Proper balancing will reduce vibration and avoid tire cupping and spotty wear.

TIRE CHAINS Use only compact chains, or other traction aids that meet SAE type “Class S” specifications. Chains must be the proper size for the vehicle, as recommended by the chain manufacturer. NOTE: Do not use tire chains on a compact spare tire.

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CAUTION!

To avoid damage to your vehicle or tires, observe the following precautions: • Because of restricted chain clearance between tires and other suspension components, it is important that only chains in good condition are used. Bro- ken chains can cause serious damage. Stop the vehicle immediately if noise occurs that could indicate chain breakage. Remove the damaged parts of the chain before further use.

• Do not exceed 45 mph (70 km/h). • Drive cautiously and avoid severe turns and large • Install chains on the front wheels as tightly as possible and then retighten after driving about 0.5 mile (0.8 km).

bumps, especially with a loaded vehicle.

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CAUTION! (Continued)

pavement.

• Do not drive for prolonged periods of time on dry • Observe the tire chain manufacturer’s instructions on the method of installation, operating speed, and conditions for use. Always use the lower suggested operating speed of the chain manufac- turer, if different from the speed recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Always use the lower suggested operating speed if both the chain manufacturer and vehicle manufacture suggest a maximum speed. This notice applies to all chain traction devices, including link and cable (radial) chains.

SNOW TIRES Some areas of the country require the use of snow tires during Winter. Standard tires are of the all-season type and satisfy this requirement as indicated by the M+S designation on the tire sidewall. If you need snow tires, select tires equivalent in size and type to the original equipment tires. Use snow tires only in sets of four; failure to do so may adversely affect the safety and handling of your vehicle. Snow tires generally have lower speed ratings than what was originally equipped with your vehicle and should not be operated at sustained speeds over 75 mph (120 km/h).

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The suggested rotation method is the “forward-cross” shown in the following diagram.

TIRE ROTATION Tires on the front and rear axles of vehicles operate at different loads and perform different steering, driving, and braking functions. For these reasons, they wear at