1993 Chevrolet Cavalier Owners Manual

damage a vehicle. To help avoid this, install a towing dolly beneath the wheels that would otherwise be on the ground during the tow. This will increase clearance between the wheel-lift equipment and the underbody of the towed vehicle.

Towing from the Front- Vehicle Hook-Up Before hooking up to a tow truck, be sure to read all the information in Towing Your Chevrolet earlier in this section. 1. Attach T-hook chains into the slots in

the bottom of the floor pan, just behind the front wheels, on both sides.

Do not tow with sling-type equipment or fascia damage will occur. Use wheel lift or car carrier equipment. Additional ramping may be required for car carrier equipment. Use safety chains and wheel straps.

Problems on the Road

Towing from the Front- Vehicle Hook-Up (CONT.) 2. Attach a separate safety chain around

the outboard end of each lower control arm.

Towing from the Rear- Vehicle Hook-Up Before hooking up to a tow truck, be sure to read all the information in Towing Your Chevrolet earlier in this section. Also be sure to use the proper hook-up for your particular vehicle. All Models: 1. Attach T-hook chains on both sides in

the slotted holes in the bottom of the frame rail just ahead of the rear wheels.

2. Position lower sling crossbar directly

under the rear bumper.

I 72

2-24 Model:

All Models:

3. Attach a separate safety chain to each side of the axle inboard of the spring.

NOTICE m e n using.w~&l-lift equipment, towing over rough surfices can damage a vehicle. To help avoid this, install a towing dolly beneath the wheels that would otherwise be on the ground during the tow. This will increase clearance between the wheel-lift equipment and the underbody of the towed vehicle.

Problems on the Road

If No S t e m is Coming from Your Engine: If you get the overheat warning but see or hear no steam, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when you: Climb a long hill on a hot day. Stop after high speed driving. Idle for long periods in traffic.

Engine Overheating You will find a coolant temperature gage on your Chevrclet's instrument panel.

If your engine catches fire because you keep driving with no coolant, your vehicle can be badly damaged. The costly repairs w o u f ~ , ~ not be covered by your warranty. <*

.>* i

= = 174

If Steam is Corning from Your Engine

A Steam from an overheated

engine can burn you badly,

even if you just open the hood. Stay away from the engine if you see or hear steam coming from it. Just turn it off and get everyone away from the vehicle until it cools down. Wait until there is no sign of steam or coolant before opening the hood. If you keep driving when your engine is overheated, the liquids in it can catch fire. You or others could be badly burned. Stop your engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool.

If you get the overheat warning with no sign of steam, try this for a minute or so: 1. If you have an air conditioner, turn it

off.

2. Turn on your heater to full hot at the

highest fan speed and open the window as necessary.

3. Try to keep your engine under load

(in a drive gear where the engine runs slower).

If you no longer have the overheat warning, you can drive. Just to be safe, drive slower for about ten minutes. If the warning doesn’t come back on, you can drive normally. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park your vehicle right away.

If there’s still no sign of steam, you can idle the engine for two or three minutes while you’re parked, to see if the warning stops. But then, if you still have the warning, TURN OFF THE ENGINE AND GET EVERYONE OUT OF THE VEHICLE until it cools down. You may decide not to lift the hood but to get service help right away. If you have a 2.2L L4 engine, your engine coolant system will have a coolant recovery tank. If you have a 3.1L V6 engine, your engine coolant system will have a coolant surge tank. There are important differences between these two cooling systems. Read this section carefully.

Cooling System-2.2L LA Engine When you decide it’s safe to lift the hood, here’s what you’ll see: (A) Coolant recovery tank (B) Radiator pressure cap (C) Electric engine fan

a An electric fan under the hood L can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric h.

If the coolant inside the coolant recovery tank is boiling, don’t do anything else until it cools down.

I75

Problems on the Road

Engine Overheating (CONT.) The coolant level should be at or above FULL COLD. If it isn't, you may have a leak in the radiator hoses, heater hoses, radiator, water pump or somewhere else in the cooling system.

I I

Heater and radiator hoses, and L other engine parts, can be very hot. Don't touch them. If you do, you can be burned. Don't run the engine if there is a leak. If you run the engine, it could lose all coolant. That could cause an engine fire, and you could be burned. Get any leak fixed before you drive the vehicle.

Engine damage from running your engine without coolant isn't covered by your warranty.

I . . I76

Cooling System-3.1L V6 Engine When you decide it's safe to lift the hood, here's what you'll see: (A) Coolant surge tank with pressure cap (B) Electric engine fan

An electric fan under the hood L can start up even when the engine is not running and can injl away h m any underhood electric f8n. I you. Keep hands, clothing and tows

If the coolant inside the coolant surge tank is boiling, don't do anything else until it cools down.

The coolant level should be at or above FULL COLD. If it isn’t, you may have a leak in the radiator hoses, heater hoses, radiator, water pump or somewhere else in the cooling system.

’

- b other engine parts, can be , Heater and radiator hoses, and very hot. Don’t touch them. If you do, you can be burned. Don’t run the engine if there is a leak. If you run the engine, it could lose all coolant. That could cause an engine fire, and you could be burned. Get any leak fixed before you drive the vehicle.

Both Engines: If there seems to be no leak, check to see if the electric engine fan is running. If the engine is overheating, the fan should be running. If it isn’t, your vehicle needs service.

I77 I . .

Problems on the Road

In cold weather, water can freezt and crack the engine, radiator, heater core and other parts Ise the recommended coolant.

Engine Overheating (CONT.) How to Add Coolant to the Coolant Recovery Tank (or the Coolant Surge Tank): If you haven’t found a problem yet, but the coolant level isn’t at or above FULL COLD, add a 50/50 mixture of clean water (preferably distilled) and a proper antifreeze at the coolant recovery tank (or coolant surge tank). If you have the coolant surge tank, be sure the cooling system, including the coolant surge tank pressure cap, is cool before you do it. See How To Add Coolant to the 2.2L L4 Engirze at the Radiator or How to Add Coolant to the 3.1L V4 Engine ut the Coolant Surge Tank later in this section.

A Adding only plain water to

your cooling system can be dangerous. Plain water, or some other liquid like alcohol, can boil before the proper coolant mix will. Your vehicle’s coolant warning system is set for the proper cool an^ mix. With plain water or the wrong mix, your engine could get too hot but you wouldn’t get the overheat warning, Your engine could catch fire and you or others could be burned. Use a 50150 mix of clean water and a proper antifreeze.

m m m I 78

A You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Don't spill coolant on a hot engine.

When the coolant in the coolant recovery tank (or coolant surge tank) is at or above FULL COLD, start your vehicle. If the overheat warning continues, there's one more thing you can try if you have a 2.2L L4 engine. You can add the proper coolant mix directly to the radiator, but be sure the cooling system is cool before you do it.

A Steam and scalding liquids

from a hot cooling system can blow out and burn you badly. They are under pressure, and if you turn the radiator (or coolant surge tank) pressure cap-even a little-they can come out at high speed. Never turn the cap when the cooling system, including the radiator (or coolant surge tank) pressure cap, is hot. Wait for the cooling system and radiator (or coolant surge tank) pressure cap to cool if you ever have to turn the pressure cap.

I 79 I . .

Problems on the Road

2. Then keep turning the pressure cap, as you turn it.

but now push down Remove the pressure cap.

3. Fill the radiator with the proper mix,

up to the base of the filler neck.

Engine Overheating (CONE) How to Add Coolant to the 2.2L LA Engine at the Radiator: 1. You can remove the radiator pressure

cap when the cooling system, including the radiator pressure cap and upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly to the left until it first stops. (Don’t press down while turning the pressure cap.)

If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left.

= = 180

4. Then fill the coolant recovery tank to

FULL COLD.

5. Put the cap back on the coolant

recovery tank, but leave the radiator pressure cap off.

6. Start the engine and let it run until

you can feel the upper radiator hose getting hot. Watch out for the engine fan.

7. By this time, the coolant level inside the radiator filler neck may be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper mix through the filler neck until the level reaches the base of the filler neck.

I81

Problems on the Road

Engine Overheating (CONT) 8. Then replace the pressure cap. Be

sure the arrows on the pressure cap line up like this.

2. Then keep turning the pressure cap,

but now push down as you turn it. Remove the pressure cap.

How to Add Coolant to the 3.lL V6 Engine at the Coolant Surge Tank: 1. You can remove the coolant surge

tank pressure cap when the cooling system, including the coolant surge tank pressure cap and upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly to the left until it first stops. (Don’t press down while turning the pressure cap.)

If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left.

3. Fill the coolant surge tank with the proper mix, up to FULL COLD.

5. Then replace the pressure cap. Be

sure the arrows on the pressure cap line up like this.

4. With the coolant surge tank pressure cap off, start the engine and let it run until you can feel the upper radiator hose getting hot. Watch out for the engine fan.

By this time, the coolant level inside the coolant surge tank may be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper mix to the coolant surge tank until the level reaches FULL COLD.

I83 ...

Problems on the Road

Zf a Tire Goes Flat

It’s unusual for a tire to “blow out” while you’re driving, especially if you maintain your tires properly. If air goes out of a tire, it’s much more likely to leak out slowly. But if you should ever have a “blowout,” here are a few tips about what to expect and what to do: If a front tire fails, the flat tire will create a drag that pulls the vehicle toward that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the steering wheel firmly. Steer to maintain lane position, then gently brake to a stop well out of the traffic lane.

A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a skid and may require the same correction you’d use in a skid. In any rear blowout, remove your foot from the accelerator pedal. Get the vehicle under control by steering the way you want the vehicle to go. It may be very bumpy and noisy, but you can still steer. Gently brake to a stop, well off the road if possible. If your tire goes flat, the next section shows how to use your jacking equipment to change a flat tire safely.

Changing a Flat Tire If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to a level place. Turn on your hazard warning flashers.

I 84

1

Changing a tire can cause an injury. The vehicle can slip off the jack and roll over you or other people. You and they could be badly injured. Find

a level place to change your tire. To help prevent the vehicle from moving: 1. Set the parking brake firmly. 2. Put the shift lever in P (Park). 3. Shift a manual transaxle to 1 (First) or R (Reverse).

I 4. Turn off the engine.

To be even more certain the vehicle won’t move, you can put chocks at the front and rear of the tire farthest away from the one being changed. That would be the tire on the other side of the vehicle, at the opposite end.

The following steps will tell you how to use the jack and change a tire. The eqclipment you’ll need is in the trunk or rear area.

I85

Problems on the R

Changing a Flat Tire (CONT:) 1 . Pull the carpeting from the floor of the trunk or rear area.

2. Turn the center retainer nut on the

compact spare tire housing counterclockwise to remove it, then lift the tire cover. You will find the jacking instructions label on the underside of the tire cover.

3. If your vehicle is equipped with a

spare tire housing lid hook, pull the front of the lid up and hook it to the rear upper edge of the trunk.

... I a6

4. Remove the wing bolt securing the

compact spare tire, spacer and wheel wrench by turning it counterclockwise. Then lift off the spacer and remove the spare tire.

5. Remove the bolt securing the jack by

turning it counterclockwise. Then remove the jack.

6. Remove the band around the jack. Turn the jack handle clockwise to raise the jack head a few inches.

For 2-24 Models: On 2-24 models, a cover plate must be removed to find the wheel nuts. Remove the cover plate using the flat end of a wheel wrench.

7. Using the wheel wrench, remove the

plastic cap nuts and loosen all the wheel nuts. Don’t remove the wheel nuts yet.

I87

Problems on the Road

Changing a Flat Tire (CONT.) 8. Position the jack under the vehicle.

Raise the jack head until it fits firmly into the notch in the vehicle’s frame nearest the flat tire. Do not raise the vehicle yet. Put the compact spare tire near you.

Raising your vehicle with the jack improperly positioned will damage the vehicle or may allow the vehicle to fall off the jack. Be sure to fit the jack lift head into the proper location before raising your vehicle.

Getting under a vehicle when it is jacked up is dangerous. If I could be badly injured or killed. the vehicie slips off the jack, you Never get under a vehicle when it is supported only by a jack.

II NOTICE

9. Raise the vehicle by rotating the

wheel wrench clockwise. Raise the vehicle far enough off the ground so there is enough room for the spare tire to fit.

1 0. Remove all of the wheel nuts and, if

you have a wheel cover, use your fingers to carefully pry the wheel cover from the wheel. Then take off the flat tire.

I88

L l

X5076

Rust or dirt on the wheel, or \ on the parts to which it is fastened, can make the wheel nuts become loose after a time. The wheel could come off and cause an accident. When you change a wheel, remove any rust or dirt from the places where the wheel attaches to the vehicle. In an emergency, you can use a cloth or a paper towel to do this; but be sure to use a scraper or wire brush later, if you need to, to get all the rust or dirt off.

1 1. Remove any rust or dirt from the wheel bolts, mounting surfaces or spare wheel.

1 2. Place the spare on the wheel

mounting surface. CAUTION

A Never use oil or grease on

studs or nuts. If you do, the

nuts might come loose. Your wheel could fall off, causing a serious accident.

13. Replace the wheel nuts with the

rounded end of the nuts toward the wheel. Tighten each nut by hand until the wheel is held against the hub.

I89

Problems on the Road

Changing a Flat Tire (CONT) 14. Lower the vehicle by rotating the wheel wrench counterclockwise. Lower the jack completely.

15. Tighten the wheel nuts firmly in a

criss-cross sequence, as shown.

Incorrect wheel nuts or

1 L improperly tightened wheel nuts can cause the wheel to become loose and even come off. This could lead to an accident. Be sure to use the correct wheel nuts. If you have to replace them, be sure to get the right kind. Stop somewhere as soon as you can and have the nuts tightened with a torque wrench to 100 pound-feet (140 Nom).

Don’t try to put a wheel cover on your compact spare tire. It won’t fit. Store the wheel cover and plastic cap nuts in the trunk or rear area until you have the flat tire repaired or replaced.

16. Store the flat tire in the compact

spare tire compartment, and secure with the wing bolt and extension. Store the jack and wheel wrench in their compartment, also.

M U I IVN

Storing a jack, a tire, or other :quipment in the passenger

compartment of the vehicle could cause injury. In a sudden stop or collision, loose equipment could strike someone. Store all these in the proper place.

The compact spare is for temporary use only. Replace the compact spare tire with a full-size tire as soon as you can. See Compact Spare Tire next in this section.

Compact Spare Tire Although the compact spare was fully inflated when your vehicle was new, it can lose air after a time. Check the inflation pressure regularly. It should be 60 psi (420 Wa). The compact spare is made to go up to 3,000 miles (5 000 km), so you can finish your trip and have your full-size tire repaired or replaced where you want. Of course, it’s best to replace your spare with a full-size tire as soon as you can. Your spare will last longer and be in good shape in case you need it again. Your anti-lock brake system warning light may come on when you are driving with a compact spare. See the Index under Anti-Lock Brake System Warning Light.

191

Problems on the Road

Compact Spare Tire (CONT.)

Tire spare. chains

won't

them=!

fit your Using

your vehicle and destroy the chains""'" too. Don't use tire chains on your compact spare.

Don't use your compact spare on some other vehicle. And don't mix your compact spare or wheel with other wheels or tires. They won't fit. Keep your spare and its wheel together.

I92

;$ compact

lf You're Stuck: In Sand, Mud, lce or Snow What you don't want to do when your vehicle is stuck is to spin your wheels. The method known as "rocking" can help 'you get out when you're stuck, but you must use caution.

If you let your tires spin at

- high speed, they can explode and you or others could be injured. And, the transaxle or other parts of the vehicle can overheat. That could cause an engine compartment fire or other damage. When you’re stuck, spin the wheels as little as possible. Don’t spin the wheels above 35 mph (56 h / h ) as shown on the speedometer.

Spinning your wheels can destroy parts of your vehicle as well as the tires. If you spin the wheels too fast while shifting your transa: back and forth, you can destroy

your transaxle. -

Rocking Your Vehicle to Get it Out: First, turn your steering wheel left and right. That will clear the area around your front wheels. Then shift back and forth between R (Reverse) and a forward gear, or with a manual transaxle, between 1 (First) or 2 (Second) gear and R (Reverse), spinning the wheels as little as possible. Release the accelerator pedal while you shift, and press lightly on the accelerator pedal when the transaxle is in gear. If that doesn’t get you out after a few tries, you may need to be towed out. If you do need to be towed out, see the Index under Towing Your Chevrolet.

I93

Notes

194

.....

\ .................................. -- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . .

. . . . . . . I . .

&5

H e r e you wit1 find information about the care of your Chevrolet . This part begins with service and fuel information. and then it shows how to check important fluid and lubricant levels . There is also technical information about your vehicle. and a section devoted to its appearance care .

Part 6 Service & Appearance Care

Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 HoodRelease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 EngineOil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Aircleaner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Transaxle Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Engine Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Power Steering Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Windshield Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 BulbReplacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Windshield Wiper Blade Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Loading Your Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Appearancecare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Add-on Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Fuses & Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Capacities & Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Fluids & Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Replacement Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Engine Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Normal Maintenance Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 I95

Service & Appearance Care

Service Your Chevrolet dealer knows your vehicle best and wants you to be happy with it. We hope you’ll go to your dealer for all your service needs. You’ll get genuine GM parts and GM-trained and supported service people. We hope you’ll want to keep your GM vehicle all GM. Genuine GM parts have one of these marks.

Doing Your Own Service Work If you want to do some of your own service work, you’ll want to get the proper Chevrolet Service Manual. It tells you much more about how to service your Chevrolet than this manual can. To order the proper service manual, see the Index under Service Publications. You should keep a record with all parts receipts and list the mileage and the date of any service work you perfom. See the Index under Maintenance Record.

196

--

to do service work on a

A You can be injured if you try vemcle without knowing enough about it. * Be s u e you have sufficient knowledge, experience, aud the proper replacement parts and tools befare you attempt any vehicle maintenance task. Be sure to use the proper nuts, bolts and other Edsteners. “English” and “metric” fhsteflers can be easily confbsed. If you use the m n g fasteners, parts can later break or fhll off. You

If you try to do your own servic work without knowing enough abot it, your vehicle could be damaged.

Fuel Use regular unleaded gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher. It should meet specifications ASTM D4814 in the U.S. and CGSB 3.5-92 in Canada. These fuels should have the proper additives, so you should not have to add anything to the fuel. In the U.S. and Canada, it’s easy to be sure you get the right kind of gasoline (unleaded). You’ll see “UNLEADED” right on the pump. And only unleaded nozzles will fit into your vehicle’s filler neck. Be sure the posted octane is at least 87. If the octane is less than 87, you may get a heavy knocking noise when you drive. If it’s bad enough, it can damage your engine.

If you’re using fuel rated at 87 octane or higher and you still hear heavy knocking, your engine needs service. But don’t worry if you hear a little pinging noise when you’re accelerating or driving up a hill. That’s normal, and you don’t have to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid of pinging. It’s the heavy, constant knock that means you have a problem. Fuel Capacity: 15.2 U.S. Gallons (57.5 L). Use unleaded fuel only.

I97

Service & Appearance Care

Fuel (CONTI What about gasoline with blending materials that contain oxygen, such as MTBE or alcohol?

MTBE is “methyl tertiary-butyl ether? Fuel that is no more than 15 % MTBE is fine for your vehicle. Ethanol is ethyl or grain alcohol. Properly-blended fuel that is no more than 10% ethanol is fine for your vehicle. Methanol is methyl or wood alcohol.

I98

Fuel that is more than 5 % methanol is bad for your vehicle. Don’t use it. It can corrode metal parts in your fuel system and also damage plastic and rubber parts. That damage wouldn’t be covered under your warranty. And even at 5 % or less, there must be “cosolvents” and corrosion preventers in th

these problems. - -

he1 to :lp avoid

Gasolines for Cleaner Air Your use of gasoline with detergent additives will help prevent deposits from forming in your engine and fuel system. That helps keep your engine in tune and your emission control system working properly. It’s good for your vehicle, and you’ll be doing your part for cleaner air. Many gasolines are now blended with materials called oxygenates. General Motors recommends that you use gasolines with these blending materials, such as MTBE and ethanol. By doing so, you can help clean the air, especially in those parts of the country that have high carbon monoxide levels.

In addition, some gasoline suppliers are now producing reformulated gasolines. These gasolines are specially designed to reduce vehicle emissions. General Motors recommends that you use reformulated gasoline. By doing so, you can help clean the air, especially in those parts of the country that have high ozone levels. You should ask your service station operators if their gasolines contain detergents and oxygenates, and if they have been reformulated to reduce vehicle emissions.

Fuels in Foreign Countries If you plan on driving in another country outside the U.S. or Canada, unleaded fuel may be hard to find. Do not use leaded gasoline. If you use even one tankful, your emission controls won’t work well or at all. With continuous use, spark plugs can get fouled, the exhaust system can corrode, and your engine oil can deteriorate quickly. Your vehicle’s oxygen sensor will be damaged. All of that means costly repairs that wouldn’t be covered by your warranty.

To check on fuel availability, ask an auto club, or contact a major oil company that does business in the country where you’ll be driving. You can also write us at the following address for advice. Just tell us where you’re going and give your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).

General Motors of Canada Ltd. International Export P.O. Box 828 Oshawa, Ontario LEX 7Ni, Canada

Sales

I99

Service & Appearance Care

Gasoline vapor is highly

Filling Your lank I 4Knu l”’” - flammable. It bums violently, and that can cause very bad injuries. Don’t smoke if you’re ar gasoline or refueling your hicle. Keep sparks, flames, and loking materials away from

,,soline.

The cap is behind a hinged door on the right side of your vehicle. To take off the cap, turn it slowly to the left (counterclockwise).

. . I

2 0 0

rhile refueling, hang the cap inside the le1 door.

If you get gasoline on you and then something ignites it, you could be badly burned. Gasoline can spray out on you if you open the fuel filler cap too quickly. This spray can happen if your tank is nearly full, and is more likely in hot weather. Open the fuel filler cap slowly and wait for any “hiss” noise to stop. Then unscrew the cap all the way.

{hen you put the cap back on, turn it to le right until you hear a clicking noise.

Checking Things Under the Hood

The following sections tell you how to check fluids, lubricants and important parts underhood.

Hood Release To open the hood, first pull the HOOD handle inside the vehicle.

Then go to the front of the vehicle and release the secondary hood release.

20 I

Service & Appearance Care

Hood Release (CONI) Lift the hood, release the hood prop from its retainer and put the hood prop into the slot in the hood.

An electric fan under the hood can start up and injure you

even when the engine is not running. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

. 202

Things that burn can get on L hot engine parts and start a me. These include liquids like gasoline, oil, coolant, brake fluid, windshield washer and other fluids, and plastic or rubber. You or others could be burned. Be careful not to drop or spill things that will burn onto a hot engine.

lefore closing the hood, be sure all the iller caps are on properly. Then lift the fi ood to relieve pressure on the hood rop. Remove the hood prop from the lot in the hood and return the prop to S: :s retainer. Then just let the hood down it nd close it firmly.

d 56053

2.21 L4 Engine (CODE 4) When you open the hood, you’ll see: 1. Engine Coolant Recovery Tank 2. Power Steering Fluid Reservoir 3. Automatic Transaxle Fluid Dipstick

(if equipped)

4. Brake Fluid Reservoir 5. Hydraulic Clutch Fluid Reservoir

(if equipped)

6. Windshield Washer Fluid Reservoir 7. Battery 8. Air Cleaner 9. Engine Oil Dipstick IO. Engine Oil Fill Cap 1 1. Radiator Pressure Cap

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Service & Appearance Care

' 3.11 V6 Engine (CODE T)

1 When you open the hood, you'll see:

1. Coolant Surge Tank 2. Power Steering Fluid Reservoir 3. Automatic Transaxle Fluid Dipstick

(if equipped)

4. Brake Fluid Reservoir 5. Hydraulic Clutch Fluid Reservoir

(if equipped)

6. Windshield Washer Fluid Reservoir 7. Battery 8. Air Cleaner 9. Engine Oil Fill Cap 10. Engine Oil Dipstick

rn 204

Engine Oil It’s a good idea to check your engine oil level every time you get fuel. In order to get an accurate reading, the oil must be warm and the vehicle must be on level ground. Turn off the engine and give the oil a few minutes to drain back into the oil pan. If you don’t, the oil dipstick might not show the actual level.

To Check Engine Oil: Pull out the dipstick and clean it with a paper towel or cloth, then push it back in all the way. Remove it again, keeping the tip lower.

2.2L L4: Checking Engine Oil

3.1L V6: Checking Engine Oil

205 I . .

Service & Appearance Care

Engine Oil (CONT.) When to Add Oil: If the oil is at or below the ADD line, then you’ll need to add some oil. But you must use the right kind. This section explains what kind of oil to use. For crankcase capacity, see the Index under Capacities & SpeciBcations.

Don’t add too much oil. If your engine has so much oil that the oil level gets above the cross-hatched area that shows the prope operating range, your engine could be damaged.

Just fill it enough to put the level somewhere in the proper operating range. Push the dipstick all the way back in when you’re through.

= 206

2.2L L4: Adding Engine Oil

i-¤

3.1L V6: Adding Engine Oil

What Kind of Oil to Use Look for Three Things:

SG “SG” must be on the oil container, either by itself or combined with other quality designations, such as “SG/CC,” “SG/CD,” “SF, SG, CC,” etc. These letters show American Petroleum Institute (API) levels of quality.

If you use oils that don’t have “SG” designation, you can cause engine damage not covered by your warranty.

SAE 5W-30 As shown in the viscosity chart, SAE 5W-30 is best for your vehicle. However, you can use SAE 1OW-30 if it's going to be 0" F (-18" C) or above. These numbers on an oil container show its viscosity, or thickness. Do not use other viscosity oils such as SAE 1OW-40 or SAE 20W-50. Energy Conserving II Oils with these words on the container will help you save fuel.

This doughnut-shaped logo (symbol) is used on most oil containers to help you select the correct oil. You should look for this on the oil container, and use only those oils that display the logo. GM Goodwrench@ Oil (in Canada, GM Engine Oil) meets all the requirements for your vehicle.

Engine Oil Additives Don't add anything to your oil. Your Chevrolet dealer is ready to advise if you think something should be added.

207 .

Service & Appearance Care

Engine Block Heater An engine block heater can be a big help if you have to park outside in very cold weather, 0°F (-18°C) or colder. If your vehicle has this option, see the index under Engine Block Heater.

When to Change Engine Oil See if any one of these is true for you: Most trips are less than 4 miles (6 km). It’s below freezing outside and most trips are less than 10 miles (16 km). The engine is at low speed most of the time (as in door-to-door delivery, or in stop-and-go traffic). Most trips are through dusty places.

If any one of these is true for your vehicle, then you need to change your oil and filter every 3,000 miles (5 OOO km) or 3 months-whichever comes first. If none of them is true, change the oil every 7,500 miles (12 500 km) or 12 months-whichever comes first. Change the filter at the first oil change and at every other oil change after that. 208

What to Do with Used Oil

CAUTION A Used engine oil contains

things that have caused skin

cancer in laboratory animals. Don’t let used oil stay on your skin for very long. Clean your skin and nails with soap and water, or a good hand cleaner. Wash or properly throw away clothing or rags containing used engine oil.

Used oil can be a real threat to the environment. If you change your own oil, be sure to drain all free-flowing oil from the filter before disposal. Don’t ever dispose of oil by pouring it on the ground, into sewers, or into streams or bodies of water. Instead, recycle it by taking it to a place that collects used oil. If you have a problem properly disposing of your used oil, ask your dealer, a service station or a local recycling center for help.

Air Cleaner Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine when to replace the air filter. See the Index under Scheduled Maintenance Services.

~~~~

1 air cleaner off can cause you A Opemting the engine with the nr others to be burned. The air

m e r not only cleans the air, it

stops flame if the engine backfires. If it isn’t there, and the engine backfires, you could be burned. .Don’t drive with it off, and be candid working on the engine with the air cleaner off.

~~

NOTIC€ If the air cleaner is off, a backfire can cause a damaging engine fire. And, dirt can easily get into your engine, which will damage it. Always have the air cleaner i~ place when you’re driving.

209 I

Service & Appearance Care

2.2L L4: Air Filter Replacement To check or replace the filter, remove the two wing nuts and lift the cover.

3.1L V6 (Except 2-24): Air Filter Replacement To check or replace the filter, remove the three wing nuts and lift the cover.

3.1L V6 (2-24): Air Filter Replacement To check or replace the filter, unclip the three clips and remove the cover.

1 1 1

21 0

Automaric Transaxle Fluid When to Check and Change: A good time to check your automatic transaxle fluid level is when the engine oil is changed. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine when to change your fluid. See the Index under Scheduled Maintenance Services.

How to Check: Because this operation can be a little difficult, you may choose to have this done at a Chevrolet dealership Service Department. If you do it yourself, be sure to follow all the instructions here, or you could get a false reading on the dipstick.

Too much or too little fluid can damage your transaxle. Too much can mean that some of the fluid could come out and fall on hot engine parts, starting a fire. Be sure to get an accurate reading if you check your transaxle fluid.

Wait at least 30 minutes before checking the transaxle fluid level if you have been driving:

When outside temperatures are above 90°F (32°C). At high speed for quite a while. In heavy traffic-especially in hot weather.

To get the right reading, the fluid should be at normal operating temperature, which is 180°F to 200°F (82°C to 93" C). Get the vehicle warmed up by driving about 15 miles (24 km) when outside temperatures are above 50°F (10OC). If it's colder than 50" F (10" C), you may have to drive longer.

21 I

Service & Appearance Care

Automatic Transaxle Fluid (CONT.) To Check the Fluid Level:

Park your vehicle on a level place. Place the shift lever in P (Park) with the parking brake applied. With your foot on the brake pedal, move the shift lever through each gear range, pausing for about three seconds in each range. Then, position the shift lever in P (Park).

Then, Without Shutting Off the Engine, Follow These Steps: 1. Pull out the dipstick and wipe it with

a clean rag or paper towel.

2. Push it back in all the way, wait three seconds and then pull it back out again.

3. Check both sides of the dipstick, and read the lower level. The fluid level must be in the cross-hatched area. 4. If the fluid level is where it should be, push the dipstick back in all the way.

2.2L L4: Checking Automatic Transaxle Fluid

3.1L V6: Checking Automatic Transaxle Fluid

How to Add Fluid: Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine what kind of transaxle fluid to use. See the Index under Fluids & Lubricants. If the fluid level is low, add only enough of the proper fluid to bring the level into the cross-hatched area on the dipstick. It doesn't take much fluid, generally less than a pint (0.5 L). Don't overfill. We recommend you use only fluid labeled DEXRON@-IIE, because fluids with that label are made especially for your automatic transaxle. Damage caused by fluid other than DEXRON@-IIE is not covered by your new vehicle warranty. After adding fluid, recheck the fluid level as described under How to Check. When the correct fluid level is obtained, push the dipstick back in all the way.

2.2L L4: Adding Automatic Transaxle Fluid

3.1L V6: Adding Automatic Transaxle Fluid

Manual Transaxle Fluid When to Check: A good time to have it checked is when the engine oil is changed. However, the fluid in your manual transaxle doesn't require changing.

213

Service & Appearance Care

Manual Transax/e Fluid (CONT.) How to Check: Because this operation can be a little difficult, you may choose to have this done at a Chevrolet dealership Service Department. If you do it yourself, be sure to follow all the instructions here, or you could get a false reading on the dipstick.

Too much or too little fluid can damage your transaxle. Too much can mean that some of the fluid could come out and fall on hot engine parts, starting a fire. Be sure to get an accurate reading if you check your transaxle fluid.

The manual transaxle dipstick is located on the driver’s side near the rear of the transaxle case. Check the fluid level only when your engine is off, the vehicle is parked on a level place and the transaxle is cool enough for you to rest your fingers on the transaxle case. Then, Follow These Steps: 1. Pull out the dipstick and clean it with

a rag or paper towel.

2. Push it back in all the way and

remove it.

3. Check both sides of the dipstick and read the lower level. The fluid level must be between the ADD and FULL marks. (Note: Fluid may appear at the bottom of the dipstick even when the fluid level is several pints low.)

4. If the fluid level is where it should be, push the dipstick back in all the way.

How to Add Fluid: Here’s how to add fluid. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine what kind of fluid to use. See the Index under Fluids & Lubricants.

Remove the dipstick. Add fluid at the dipstick hole.

Add only enough fluid to bring the fluid level up to the FULL mark on the dipstick.

Push the dipstick back in all the way.

Hydraulic Clutch The hydraulic clutch in your vehicle is self-adjusting. When to Check and What to Use: Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine how often you should check the fluid level in your clutch master cylinder reservoir and what to add. See the Index under Owner Checks & Services and Fluids & Lubricants.

21 5 ...

Service

rance Care

Hydraulic Clutch (CONTJ How to Check: The proper fluid should be added if the level is at or below the ADD mark on the reservoir. See the instructions on the reservoir cap.

Engine Coolant The following explains your cooling system and how to add coolant when it is low. If you have a problem with engine overheating, see the Index under Engine Overheating. The proper coolant for your Chevrolet will:

Give freezing protection down to -34" F (-37" C). Give boiling protection up to 262°F (128" C). Protect against rust and corrosion. Help keep the proper engine temperature. Let the warning lights work as they should.

What to Use: Use a mixture of one-half clean water (preferably distilled) and one-half antifreeze that meets "GM Specification 1825-M," which won't damage aluminum parts. You can also use a recycled coolant conforming to GM Specification 1825-M with a complete coolant flush and refill. If you use this mixture, you don't need to add anything else. If you have a 2.2L LA engine, your engine coolant system will have a coolant recovery tank. If you have a 3.1L V6 engine, your engine coolant system will have a coolant surge tank. There are important differences between these two cooling systems. Read this section carefully.

8 8 8

216

L Adding only plain water to - your cooling system can be dangerous. Plain water, or some other liquid like alcohol, can boil before the proper coolant mix will. Your vehicle's coolant warning system is set for the proper coolant mix. With plain water or the wrong mix, your engine could get too hot but you wouldn't get the overheat warning. Your engine could catch fire and you or others could be burned. Use a 50150 mix of clean water and a proper antifreeze.

Adding Coolant-2,21 L4 Engine To Check Coolant: When your engine is cold, the coolant level should be at FULL COLD, or a little higher. When your engine is warm, the level should be up to mJLL HOT, or a little higher. To Add Coolant: If you need more coolant, add the proper mix at the coolant recovery tank.

Service & Appearance Care

1 I Adding C00lant-3~IL V6 Engine

To Check Coolant: When your engine is cold, the coolant level should be at FULL COLD, or a little higher. To Add Coolant: If you need more coolant, add the proper mix at the coolant surge tank

Adding Co01ant-2~2L L4 Engine (CONT.)

A Turning the radiator pressure

cap when the engine and

radiator are hot can allow steam and scalding liquids to blow out and burn you badly. With the coolant recovery tank, you will almost never have to add coolant at the radiator. Never turn the radiator pressure cap-even a little-when the engine and radiator are hot. You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol, and it will burh if the engine parts are hot enough. Don’t spill coolant on a hot eniine.

II

II II 31

218

Turning the coolant surge tank

d L pressure cap when the engine and the radiator are hot c~ln allow steam and scalding liquids to blow out and bum you badly. Never turn the surge tank pressure cap-even a little-when the engine and radiator are hot. You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol, and it will bum if the engine parts are hot enough. Don’t spill coalant on a hot engine.

Radiator Pressure Cap

I.,,

, ..

g.., ',!: Your radiator cap is a 15 psi ''.' (105 kPa) pressure-type cap and ,;:, must be tightly installed to prevent '.. coolant loss and possible engine .. . .. ~. . damage from overheating. Be sure .':: .; the arrows on the cap line up with the overflow tube on the radiator filler neck. Y; . . F+ When you replace your radiator pressurl cap, an AC@ cap is recommended.

_/,.__

Thermostat Engine coolant temperature is controlled by a thermostat in the engine coolant system. The thermostat stops the flow of coolant through the radiator until the coolant reaches a preset temperature. When you replace your thermostat, an AC@ thermostat is recommended.

Power Steering Fluid How to Check Power Steering Fluid: Unscrew the cap and wipe the dipstick with a clean rag. Replace the cap and completely tighten it. Then remove the cap again and look at the fluid level on the dipstick. When the engine compartment is hot, the level should be near the H mark. When the engine compartment is cool, the level should be near the C mark.

21 9 I . .

Service & Appearance Care

Power Steering Fluid (CONT.) What to Add: Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine what kind of fluid to use. See the Index under Fluids & Lubricants.

Windshield Washer Fluid To Add: Open the cap labeled WASHER FLUID ONLY. Add washer fluid until the bottle is full.

When adding power steering fluid or making a complete fluid change, always use the proper fluid. Failure to use the proper fluid can cause leaks and damage hoses and seals.

. . I

120

When using concentrated washer fluid, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for adding water. Don’t mix water with ready-to- l15e washer fluid. Water can

use the solution to freeze and . .tmage your washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system. Also, water doesn’t clean s well as washer fluid. Fill your washer fluid tank on14 ?4 full when it’s very cold. Thir allows for expansion, which could damage the tank if it is completely full Don’t use radiator antifreeze your windshield washer. It can damage your washer system an( paint.

Brake Master Cylinder Your brake master cylinder is here. It is filled with DOT-3 brake fluid. There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in your master cylinder might go down. The first is that the brake fluid goes down to an acceptable level during normal brake lining wear. When new linings are put in, the fluid level goes back up.

The other reason is that fluid is leaking out of the brake system. If it is, you should have your brake system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later your brakes won’t work well, or won’t work at all. So, it isn’t a good idea to “top off’ your brake fluid. Adding brake fluid won’t correct a leak. If you add fluid when your linings are worn, then you’ll have too much fluid when you get new brake linings. You should add (or remove) brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

I A If you have too much brake

fluid, it can spill on the

engine. The fluid will burn if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and your vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

22 !I ’

I . .

Service & Appearance Care

Brake Master Cylinder (CONT.) When your brake fluid falls to a low level, your brake warning light will come on. See the Index under Brake System Warning Light. What to Add: When you do need brake fluid, use only DOT-3 brake fluid-such as Delco Supreme ll@ (GM Part No. 1052535). Use new brake fluid from a sealed container only.

Replacing Brake System parfs The braking system on a modern vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. Vehicles we design and test have top- quality GM brake parts in them, as your Chevrolet does when it is new. When you replace parts of your braking system-for example, when your brake linings wear down and you have to have new ones put in-be

sure you get new

DOT-5 silicone brake fluid can damage your vehicle. Don’t use it. Don’t let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid. For example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in your brake system can damage brake system parts so badly that they’ll have to be replaced. Brake fluid can damage ‘.nt, so be careful not to spill b r a e fluid on your vehicle.

122

’

genuine GM replacement parts. If you don’t, your brakes may no longer work properly. For example, if someone puts in brake linings that are wrong for your vehicle, the balance between your front and rear brakes can change, for the worse. The braking performance you’ve come to expect can change in many other ways if someone puts in the wrong replacement brake parts.

Battery Every new Chevrolet has a Delco Freedom@ battery. You never have to add water to one of these. When it’s time for a new battery, we recommend a Delco Freedom@ battery. Get one that has the catalog number shown on the original battery’s label. Jump Starting For jump starting instructions, see the Index under Jump Starting.

Vehicle Storage If you’re not going to drive your vehicle for 25 days or more, take off the black negative (-) cable from the battery. This will help keep your battery from running down.

I I A Batteries have acid that can

explode. You can be badly hurt if you aren’t careful. See the Index under Jump Starting for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.

L burn you and gas that can

Contact your dealer to learn how to prepare your vehicle for longer storage periods.

223 D D D

Service & Appearance Care

Bulb Replacement

For the type of bulb, see the Index under Replacement Bulbs.

1. Turn the lock ring clockwise until the

flanges align with the slots in the housing. Then pull the ring back from the housing. from the housing.

1 Halogen Bulbs Headlight ~1

Halogen bulbs have

L: pressurized gas inside and can bLl3t if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Take special care when handling and disposing of halogen bulbs.

224

2. Pull out the bulb assembly. 3. Disconnect the bulb base from the

socket by lifting the plastic locking tab.

4. Snap a new bulb into the socket. 5. Replace the bulb assembly by

reversing steps 1-3.

Taillight Bulb Replacement For the type of bulb, see the I d e x under Replacement Bulbs. 4-Door Models: 1 . If your vehicle has anchors at the back of the trunk, remove them and pull the carpet away from the rear of the trunk. Next remove the four wing nuts.

2-Door Models: 1. Pull the carpet back from the comer and remove the plastic wing nuts. If you have the optional convenience net, first unhook the net from the retainer and remove the retainer knob.

Both 4-Door and 2-Door Models: 2. From outside the vehicle, gently pull

back on the taillight housing.

Service & Appearance Care

Wagon: 1. Open the liftgate. 2. Remove the two Torx@ screws.

3. Pull back gently on the taillight

housing.

4. Press the bulb housing tab, rotate the housing counterclockwise f/6 turn and remove it.

Tai//ight Bulb Replacement (CONr) 3. Press the bulb housing release lever

and turn the housing counterclockwise to remove it.

turn

4. To remove the bulb, push in and

rotate it counterclockwise.

5. Reverse all steps to reassemble the

taillight housing.

D D D

226

5. To remove the bulb, push the bulb in,

and rotate it counterclockwise.

6. Reverse all steps to reassemble the

taillight housing.

Windshield Wiper Blade Replacement Replacement blades come in different types and are removed in different ways. Here’s how to remove the type with a release clip: 1. Pull the windshield wiper arm away

from the windshield.

2. Lift the release clip with a

screwdriver and pull the blade assembly off the wiper arm.

3. Push the new wiper blade securely on

the wiper arm.

Loading %ur Vehicle Two labels on your vehicle show how much weight it may properly carry. The Tire-Loading Information label found on the rear edge of the driver’s door tells you the proper size, speed rating and recommended inflation pressures for the tires on your vehicle. It also gives you important information about the number of people that can be in your vehicle and the total weight that you can carry. This weight is called the Vehicle Capacity Weight and includes the weight of all occupants, cargo, and all nonfactory- installed options. The other label is the Certification label, found on the rear edge of the driver’s door. It tells you the gross weight capacity of your vehicle, called

227

Service & Appearance Care

Loading Your Vehicle (CONI:) the GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating). The GVWR includes the weight of the vehicle, all occupants, fuel and cargo. Never exceed the GVWR for your vehicle, or the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) for either the front or rear axle. And, if you do have a heavy load, you should spread it out. Don’t carry more than 132 lbs. (60 kg) in your trunk or rear area.

Do not load your vehicle any L b heavier than the GVWR or the maximum front and rear GAWRs. If you do, parts on your vehicle can break, or it can change the way your vehicle handles. These could cause you to lose control. Also, overloading can shorten the life of your vehicle.

Your warranty does not cover part or components that fail beca : ol overloading.

If you put things inside your vehicle- like suitcases, tools, packages, or anything else-they will go as fast as the vehicle goes. If you have to stop or turn quickly, or if there is a crash, they’ll keep going.

128

1-- -

Things you=

strike and injure people in a sudden stop or turn, or in a crash.

Put things in the trunk or rear area of your vehicle. In a trunk, put them as h r forward as you can. Try to spread the weight evenly. If you have fold-down rear seats, you’ll find four anchors on the back wall of your trunk. You can use these anchors to tie down lighter loads. They’re not strong enough for heavy things, however, so put them as fbr forward as you can in the trunk or rear area. Never stack heavier things, like suitcases, inside the vehicle so that some of them are above the tops of the seats. e When you carry something inside the vehicle, secure it whenever you can.

0 Don’t leave a seat folded down unless you need to.

Tires

We don’t make tires. Your new vehicle comes with high quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. These tires are warranted by the tire manufacturers and their warranties are delivered with every new Chevrolet. If your spare tire is a different brand than your road tires, you will have a tire warranty folder from each of these manufacturers.

I I Poorly maintained and improperly used tires are dangerous. 1

CAUTION

’

Overloading your tires can cause overheating as a result of too much friction. You could have an air-out and a serious accident. See the Index under hading Your Vehicle. Underinflated tires pose the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting accident could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when your tires are cold.

I Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by a

sudden impact: such as when you hit a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure. Worn, old tires can cause accidents. If your tread is badly worn, or if your tires have been

damaged, replace them.

229

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Service & Appearance Care

lnflation-lire Pressure The Tire-Loading Information label which is on the rear edge of the driver’s door shows the correct inflation pressures for your tires, when they’re cold. “Cold” means your vehicle has been sitting for at least three hours or driven no more than a mile.

230

When to Check: Check your tires once a month or more. Don’t forget your compact spare tire. It should be at 60 psi (420 kpa).

How to Check: Use a good quality pocket-type gage to check tire pressure. Simply looking at the tires will not tell you the pressure, especially if you have radial tires- which may look properly inflated even if they’re underinflated. If your tires have valve caps, be sure to put them back on. They help prevent leaks by keeping out dirt and moisture.

Don’t let anyone tell you that underinflation or overinflation is all right. It’s not. If your tires don’t have enough you can get:

ition)

Too much flexing Too much heat Tire overloading Bad weLA Bad handling Bad fuel economy.

If your tires have too much air (overinflation), you can get:

Unusual wear Bad handling Rough ride Needless damage from road hazards.

Tire hspection and Rotation To make your tires last longer, have them inspected and rotated at the mileages recommended in the Maintenance Schedule. See the Index under Scheduled Maintenance Services. Use this rotation pattern. After the tires have been rotated, adjust the front and rear inflation pressure as shown on the Tire-Loading Information label. Make certain that all wheel nuts are properly tightened. See the Index under Wheel Nut Torque.

u I I ’ -

Rust or dirt on a wheel, or on

; parts to which it is

fastened, can make the wheel nuts become loose after a time. The wheel could come off and cause an accident. When you change a wheel, remove any rust or dirt from places where the wheel attaches to the vehicle. In an emergency, you can use a cloth or a paper towel to do this; but be sure to use a scraper or wire brush later, if you need to, to get all the rust or dirt off. (See the Index under Changing a Flat Tire.)

When lt’s Time for New Tires One way to tell when it’s time for new tires is to check the treadwear indicators, which will appear when your tires have only 2/32 inch (1.6 mm) or less of tread remaining. You need a new tire if

You can see the indicators at three places around the tire. You can see cord or fabric showing through the tire’s rubber. The tread or sidewall is cracked, cut or snagged deep enough to show cord or fabric. The tire has a bump, bulge or split. The tire has a puncture, cut, or other damage that can’t be repaired well because of the size or location of the damage.

23 I

Service & Appearance Care

Unijiorpn Tire Quality Grading

The following information relates to the system developed by the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration which grades tires by treadwear, traction and temperature performance. (This applies only to vehicles sold in the United States.)

Mixing tires could cau’se you d to lose control while driving. If you mix tires of different sizes or types (radial and bias-belted tires), the vehicle may not handle properly, and you could have a crash. Be sure to use the same size and type tires on all wheels. It’s all right to drive with your compact spare, though. It was developed for limited use on your vehicle.

I I

Buying New Tires To find out what kind and size of tires you need, look at the Tire-Loading Information label. The tires installed on your vehicle when it was new had a Tire Performance Criteria Specification (TPC Spec) number on each tire’s sidewall. When you get new tires, get ones with that same TPC Spec number. That way, your vehicle will continue to have tires that are designed to give proper endurance, handling, speed rating, traction, ride and other things during normal service on your vehicle. If your tires have an all- season tread design, the TPC number will be followed by a “MS” (for mud and snow). If you ever replace your tires with those not having a TPC Spec number, make sure they are the same size, load range,