2008 Cadillac CTS Owners Manual

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If your vehicle has 235/50ZR18 or P235/50R18 size tires, they are classiﬁed as low-proﬁle tires. These tires are designed for very responsive driving on wet or dry pavement. You may also notice more road noise with low-proﬁle performance tires and that they tend to wear faster. Notice: they are more susceptible to damage from road hazards or curb impact than standard proﬁle tires. Tire and/or wheel assembly damage can occur when coming into contact with road hazards like, potholes, or sharp edged objects, or when sliding into a curb. Your vehicle warranty does not cover this type of damage. Keep tires set to the correct inﬂation pressure and, when possible avoid contact with curbs, potholes, and other road hazards. Winter Tires If you expect to drive on snow or ice covered roads often, you may want to get winter tires for your vehicle. All season tires provide good overall performance on most surfaces but they may not offer the traction you would like or the same level of performance as winter tires on snow or ice covered roads. Winter tires, in general, are designed for increased traction on snow and ice covered roads. With winter tires, there may be decreased dry road traction, increased road noise, and shorter tread life. After switching to winter tires, be alert for changes in vehicle handling and braking. See your dealer/retailer for details regarding winter tire availability and proper tire selection. Also, see Buying New Tires on page 5-77. If you choose to use winter tires: (cid:127) Use tires of the same brand and tread type on all four wheel positions. (cid:127) Use only radial ply tires of the same size, load range, and speed rating as the original equipment tires. Winter tires with the same speed rating as your original equipment tires may not be available for H, V, W, Y, and ZR speed rated tires. If you choose winter tires with a lower speed rating, never exceed the tire’s maximum speed capability. 5-60 Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into its sidewall. The examples below show a typical passenger vehicle tire and a compact spare tire sidewall. Passenger (P-Metric) Tire Example (A) Tire Size: The tire size is a combination of letters and numbers used to deﬁne a particular tire’s width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (B) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Speciﬁcation): Original equipment tires designed to GM’s speciﬁc tire performance criteria have a TPC speciﬁcation code molded onto the sidewall. GM’s TPC speciﬁcations meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (C) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. (D) Tire Identiﬁcation Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following DOT (Department of Transportation) code is the Tire Identiﬁcation Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. 5-61 (E) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (F) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG): Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. For more information see Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 5-80. (G) Maximum Cold Inﬂation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load. 5-62 Compact Spare Tire Example (A) Temporary Use Only: The compact spare tire or temporary use tire has a tread life of approximately 3,000 miles (5 000 km) and should not be driven at speeds over 65 mph (105 km/h). The compact spare tire is for emergency use when a regular road tire has lost air and gone ﬂat. If your vehicle has a compact spare tire, see Compact Spare Tire on page 5-111 and If a Tire Goes Flat on page 5-83. (B) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (C) Tire Identiﬁcation Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT (Department of Transportation) code is the Tire Identiﬁcation Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (D) Maximum Cold Inﬂation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load. (E) Tire Inﬂation: The temporary use tire or compact spare tire should be inﬂated to 60 psi (420 kPa). For more information on tire pressure and inﬂation see Inﬂation - Tire Pressure on page 5-67. (F) Tire Size : A combination of letters and numbers deﬁne a tire’s width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. The letter T as the ﬁrst character in the tire size means the tire is for temporary use only. (G) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Speciﬁcation): Original equipment tires designed to GM’s speciﬁc tire performance criteria have a TPC speciﬁcation code molded onto the sidewall. GM’s TPC speciﬁcations meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. Tire Size The following illustration shows an example of a typical passenger vehicle tire size. (A) Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the ﬁrst character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (B) Tire Width: The three-digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. 5-63 (C) Aspect Ratio: A two-digit number that indicates the tire height-to-width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 60, as shown in item C of the illustration, it would mean that the tire’s sidewall is 60 percent as high as it is wide. (D) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted-bias ply construction. (E) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches. (F) Service Description: These characters represent the load range and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carry capacity a tire is certiﬁed to carry. The load index can range from 1 to 279. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certiﬁed to carry a load. Speed ratings range from A to Z. Tire Terminology and Deﬁnitions Air Pressure: The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopascal (kPa). Accessory Weight: This means the combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are, automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio: The relationship of a tire’s height to its width. Belt: A rubber coated layer of cords that is located between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials. Bead: The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. 5-64 Cold Tire Pressure: The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopascals (kPa) before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Inﬂation - Tire Pressure on page 5-67. Curb Weight: The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo. DOT Markings: A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) motor vehicle safety standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identiﬁcation Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22. GAWR FRT: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22. GAWR RR: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22. Intended Outboard Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire, that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa): The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire: A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index: An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279 that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire. Maximum Inﬂation Pressure: The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inﬂated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall. Maximum Load Rating: The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inﬂation pressure for that tire. Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight: The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight: The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 150 lbs (68 kg). See Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22. 5-65 Occupant Distribution: Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire. Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inﬂation Pressure: Vehicle manufacturer’s recommended tire inﬂation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Inﬂation - Tire Pressure on page 5-67 and Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22. Radial Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim: A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated. Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. 5-66 Speed Rating: An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate. Traction: The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators: Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 5-76. UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards): A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a tire’s traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 5-80. Vehicle Capacity Weight: The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 150 lbs (68 kg) plus the rated cargo load. See Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22. Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire: Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard: A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle’s capacity weight and the original equipment tire size and recommended inﬂation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22. Inﬂation - Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively. Notice: Do not let anyone tell you that under-inﬂation or over-inﬂation is all right. It is not. If your tires do not have enough air (under-inﬂation), you can get the following: (cid:127) Too much ﬂexing (cid:127) Too much heat (cid:127) Tire overloading (cid:127) Premature or irregular wear (cid:127) Poor handling (cid:127) Reduced fuel economy If your tires have too much air (over-inﬂation), you can get the following: (cid:127) Unusual wear (cid:127) Poor handling (cid:127) Rough ride (cid:127) Needless damage from road hazards A vehicle speciﬁc Tire and Loading Information label is attached to your vehicle. This label lists your vehicle’s original equipment tires and shows the correct inﬂation pressures for your tires when they are cold. The recommended cold tire inﬂation pressure, shown on the label, is the minimum amount of air pressure needed to support your vehicle’s maximum load carrying capacity. For additional information regarding how much weight your vehicle can carry, and an example of the tire and loading information label, see Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22. How you load your vehicle affects vehicle handling and ride comfort. Never load your vehicle with more weight than it was designed to carry. 5-67 When to Check Check your tires once a month or more. Do not forget to check the compact spare tire, if your vehicle has one. The compact spare should be at 60 psi (420 kPa). For additional information regarding the compact spare tire, see Compact Spare Tire on page 5-111. How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gage to check tire pressure. You cannot tell if your tires are properly inﬂated simply by looking at them. Radial tires may look properly inﬂated even when they are underinﬂated. Check the tire’s inﬂation pressure when the tires are cold. Cold means your vehicle has been sitting for at least three hours or driven no more than 1 mile (1.6 km). Remove the valve cap from the tire valve stem. Press the tire gage ﬁrmly onto the valve to get a pressure measurement. If the cold tire inﬂation pressure matches the recommended pressure on the Tire and Loading Information label, no further adjustment is necessary. If the inﬂation pressure is low, add air until you reach the recommended amount. If you overﬁll the tire, release air by pushing on the metal stem in the center of the tire valve. Re-check the tire pressure with the tire gage. Be sure to put the valve caps back on the valve stems. They help prevent leaks by keeping out dirt and moisture. 5-68 High-Speed Operation {CAUTION: Driving at high speeds, 100 mph (160 km/h) or higher, puts an additional strain on tires. Sustained high-speed driving causes excessive heat build up and can cause sudden tire failure. You could have a crash and you or others could be killed. Some high-speed rated tires require inﬂation pressure adjustment for high speed operation. When speed limits and road conditions are such that a vehicle can be driven at high speeds, make sure the tires are rated for high speed operation, in excellent condition, and set to the correct cold tire inﬂation pressure for the vehicle load. If your vehicle has 235/50ZR18 size tires, they will require inﬂation pressure adjustment when driving your vehicle at speeds of 100 mph (160 km/h) or higher . Set the cold inﬂation pressure to the maximum inﬂation pressure shown on the tire sidewall, or 44 psi (300 kPa), whichever is lower. See the example following. When you end this high-speed driving, return the tires to the cold tire inﬂation pressure shown on the Tire and Loading Information label. See Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22 and Inﬂation - Tire Pressure on page 5-67. Example: You will ﬁnd the maximum load and inﬂation pressure molded on the tire’s sidewall, in small letters, near the rim ﬂange. It will read something like this: Maximum load 690 kg (1521 lbs) 300 kPa (44 psi) Max. Press. For this example, you would set the inﬂation pressure for high-speed driving at 44 psi (300 kPa). 5-69 Tire Pressure Monitor System The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses radio and sensor technology to check tire pressure levels. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in your vehicle’s tires and transmit tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle. Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should be checked monthly when cold and inﬂated to the inﬂation pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inﬂation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inﬂation pressure label, you should determine the proper tire inﬂation pressure for those tires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pressure telltale when one or more of your tires is signiﬁcantly under-inﬂated. Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should stop and check your tires as soon as possible, and inﬂate them to the proper pressure. Driving on a signiﬁcantly under-inﬂated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inﬂation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle’s handling and stopping ability. Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire maintenance, and it is the driver’s responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure, even if under-inﬂation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not operating properly. The TPMS malfunction indicator is combined with the low tire pressure telltale. When the system detects a malfunction, the telltale will ﬂash for approximately one minute and then remain continuously illuminated. This sequence will continue upon subsequent vehicle start-ups as long as the malfunction exists. When the malfunction indicator is illuminated, the system may not be able to detect or signal low tire pressure as intended. TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety of reasons, including the installation of replacement or alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale after replacing one or more tires or wheels on your vehicle to ensure that the replacement or alternate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to continue to function properly. See Tire Pressure Monitor Operation on page 5-71 for additional information. 5-70 Tire Pressure Monitor Operation The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) is designed to warn the driver when a low tire pressure condition exists. TPMS sensors are mounted onto each tire and wheel assembly, excluding the spare tire and wheel assembly. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in the vehicle’s tires and transmits the tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle. Using the Driver Information Center (DIC), the driver can also check tire pressure levels using the DIC. For additional information and details about the DIC operation and displays see DIC Operation and Displays on page 3-48 and DIC Warnings and Messages on page 3-54. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and Industry and Science Canada The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) operates on a radio frequency and complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference. 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) operates on a radio frequency and complies with RSS-210 of Industry and Science Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause interference. 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Changes or modiﬁcations to this system by other than an authorized service facility could void authorization to use this equipment. 5-71 When a low tire pressure condition is detected, the TPMS illuminates the low tire pressure warning light located on the instrument panel cluster. A DIC warning message to check the pressure in a speciﬁc tire is also shown on the DIC display screen. The low tire pressure warning light and the DIC warning message come at each ignition cycle until the tires are inﬂated to the correct inﬂation pressure. The low tire pressure warning light may come on in cool weather when the vehicle is ﬁrst started, and then turn off as you start to drive. This could be an early indicator that the air pressure in the tire(s) are getting low and need to be inﬂated to the proper pressure. 5-72 The Tire and Loading Information label, attached to your vehicle, shows the size of your vehicle’s original equipment tires and the correct inﬂation pressure for the tires when they are cold. See Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22, for an example of the Tire and Loading Information label and its location on your vehicle. Also see Inﬂation - Tire Pressure on page 5-67. Your vehicle’s TPMS can warn you about a low tire pressure condition but it does not replace normal tire maintenance. See Tire Inspection and Rotation on page 5-75 and Tires on page 5-59. Notice: Using non-approved tire sealants could damage the Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) sensors. TPMS sensor damage caused by using an incorrect tire sealant is not covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use the GM approved tire sealant available through your dealer/retailer. Your vehicle, when new, may have included a factory-installed Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit. This kit uses a GM approved liquid tire sealant. See Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit (With Sealant Selector Switch) on page 5-85 or Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit (Without Sealant Selector Switch) on page 5-93. TPMS Malfunction Light and Message The TPMS will not function properly if one or more of the TPMS sensors are missing or inoperable. When the system detects a malfunction, the low tire warning light ﬂashes for about one minute and then stays on for the remainder of the ignition cycle. A DIC warning message is also displayed. The low tire warning light and DIC warning message come on at each ignition cycle until the problem is corrected. Some of the conditions that can cause the malfunction light and DIC message to come on are: (cid:127) One of the road tires has been replaced with the spare tire. The spare tire does not have a TPMS sensor. The DIC message should go off once you re-install the road tire containing the TPMS sensor. The TPMS sensor matching process was not done or not completed successfully after rotating the vehicle’s tires. The DIC message should go off after successfully completing the sensor matching process. See “TPMS Sensor Matching Process” later in this section. (cid:127) One or more TPMS sensors are missing or damaged. The DIC message and the TPMS malfunction light should go off when the TPMS sensors are installed and the sensor matching process is performed successfully. See your dealer/retailer for service. (cid:127) Replacement tires or wheels do not match your vehicle’s original equipment tires or wheels. Tires and wheels other than those recommended for your vehicle could prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. See Buying New Tires on page 5-77. (cid:127) Operating electronic devices or being near facilities using radio wave frequencies similar to the TPMS could cause the TPMS sensors to malfunction. If the TPMS is not functioning it cannot detect or signal a low tire condition. See your dealer/retailer for service if the TPMS malfunction light and DIC message comes on and stays on. TPMS Sensor Matching Process Each TPMS sensor has a unique identiﬁcation code. Any time you replace one or more of the TPMS sensors or rotate your vehicle’s tires, the identiﬁcation codes need to be matched to the new tire/wheel position. The sensors are matched to the tire/wheel positions in the following order: driver side front tire, passenger side front tire, passenger side rear tire, and driver side rear tire using a TPMS diagnostic tool. See your dealer/retailer for service. 5-73 (cid:127) The TPMS sensors can also be matched to each tire/wheel position by increasing or decreasing the tire’s air pressure. If increasing the tire’s air pressure, do not exceed the maximum inﬂation pressure indicated on the tire’s sidewall. To decrease the tire’s air-pressure use the pointed end of the valve cap, a pencil-style air pressure gage, or a key. You have two minutes to match the ﬁrst tire/wheel position, and ﬁve minutes overall, to match all four tire/wheel positions. If it takes longer than two minutes, to match the ﬁrst tire and wheel, or more than ﬁve minutes to match all four tire and wheel positions, the matching process stops and you need to start over. The TPMS matching process is outlined below: 1. Set the parking brake. 2. Turn the ignition switch to ON/RUN with the engine off. 3. Press the Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) transmitter’s lock and unlock buttons at the same time for approximately ﬁve seconds. The horn sounds twice to signal the receiver is in relearn mode and Tire Learning Active message displays on the DIC screen. 4. Start with the driver side front tire. 5. Remove the valve cap from the valve stem. Activate the TPMS sensor by increasing or decreasing the tire’s air pressure for 10 seconds, or until a horn chirp sounds. The horn chirp, which can take up to 30 seconds to sound, conﬁrms that the TPMS sensor identiﬁcation code has been matched to this tire position. 6. Proceed to the passenger side front tire, and repeat the procedure in Step 5. 7. Proceed to the passenger side rear tire, and repeat the procedure in Step 5. 8. Proceed to the driver side rear tire, and repeat the procedure in Step 5. 9. After hearing the conﬁrming horn chirp, for the driver side rear tire, the horn sounds two more times to signal the tire learning mode is no longer active. Turn the ignition switch to LOCK/OFF. 10. Set all four tires to the recommended air pressure level as indicated on the tire and loading information label. 11. Put the valve caps back on the valve stems. 5-74 Tire Inspection and Rotation We recommend that you regularly inspect your vehicle’s tires, including the spare tire, for signs of wear or damage. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 5-76 for more information. Tires should be rotated every 5,000 to 8,000 miles (8 000 to 13 000 km). See Scheduled Maintenance on page 6-4. The purpose of a regular tire rotation is to achieve a uniform wear for all tires on the vehicle. This will ensure that your vehicle continues to perform most like it did when the tires were new. If your vehicle has 235/50ZR18 size tires, GM recommends rotating these tires at 3,000 mile (4 800 km) intervals. These tires are optimized for dry traction and handling performance. Tread life may be 15,000 miles (24 140 km) or less for these tires, depending on how and where you drive. Any time you notice unusual wear, rotate your vehicle’s tires as soon as possible and check wheel alignment. Also check for damaged tires or wheels. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 5-76 and Wheel Replacement on page 5-81 for more information. When rotating your vehicle’s tires, always use the correct rotation pattern shown here. If your vehicle has a compact spare tire, do not include it in the tire rotation. After the tires have been rotated, adjust the front and rear inﬂation pressures as shown on the Tire and Loading Information label. See Inﬂation - Tire Pressure on page 5-67 and Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22. Reset the Tire Pressure Monitor System. See Tire Pressure Monitor Operation on page 5-71. 5-75 Make certain that all wheel nuts are properly tightened. See “Wheel Nut Torque” under Capacities and Speciﬁcations on page 5-128. {CAUTION: Rust or dirt on a wheel, or on the parts to which it is fastened, can make wheel nuts become loose after time. The wheel could come off and cause an accident. When you change a wheel, remove any rust or dirt from places where the wheel attaches to the vehicle. In an emergency, you can use a cloth or a paper towel to do this; but be sure to use a scraper or wire brush later, if needed, to get all the rust or dirt off. See Changing a Flat Tire on page 5-102. When It Is Time for New Tires Various factors, such as maintenance, temperatures, driving speeds, vehicle loading, and road conditions inﬂuence when you need new tires. One way to tell when it is time for new tires is to check the treadwear indicators, which will appear when your tires have only 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) or less of tread remaining. 5-76 You need new tires if any of the following statements are true: (cid:127) You can see the indicators at three or more places around the tire. (cid:127) You can see cord or fabric showing through the tire’s rubber. The tread or sidewall is cracked, cut, or snagged deep enough to show cord or fabric. The tire has a bump, bulge, or split. The tire has a puncture, cut, or other damage that cannot be repaired well because of the size or location of the damage. The rubber in tires degrades over time, even if they are not being used. This is also true for the spare tire, if your vehicle has one. Multiple conditions affect how fast this aging takes place, including temperatures, loading conditions, and inﬂation pressure maintenance. With proper care and maintenance tires will typically wear out before they degrade due to age. If you are unsure about the need to replace your tires as they get older, consult the tire manufacturer for more information. Buying New Tires GM has developed and matched speciﬁc tires for your vehicle. The original equipment tires installed on your vehicle, when it was new, were designed to meet General Motors Tire Performance Criteria Speciﬁcation (TPC Spec) system rating. If you need replacement tires, GM strongly recommends that you get tires with the same TPC Spec rating. This way, your vehicle will continue to have tires that are designed to give the same performance and vehicle safety, during normal use, as the original tires. GM’s exclusive TPC Spec system considers over a dozen critical speciﬁcations that impact the overall performance of your vehicle, including brake system performance, ride and handling, traction control, and tire pressure monitoring performance. GM’s TPC Spec number is molded onto the tire’s sidewall near the tire size. If the tires have an all-season tread design, the TPC Spec number will be followed by an MS for mud and snow. See Tire Sidewall Labeling on page 5-61 for additional information. 5-77 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) GM recommends replacing tires in sets of four. This is because uniform tread depth on all tires will help keep your vehicle performing most like it did when the tires were new. Replacing less than a full set of tires can affect the braking and handling performance of your vehicle. See Tire Inspection and Rotation on page 5-75 for information on proper tire rotation. Winter tires with the same speed rating as your vehicle’s original equipment tires may not be available for H, V, W, Y, and ZR speed rated tires. If you choose snow tires with a lower speed rating, never exceed the tire’s maximum speed capability. {CAUTION: Mixing tires could cause you to lose control while driving. If you mix tires of different sizes, brands, or types (radial and bias-belted tires), the vehicle may not handle properly, and you could have a crash. Using tires of different sizes, brands, or types may also cause damage to your vehicle. Be sure to use the correct size, brand, and type of tires on all wheels. It is all right to drive with your compact spare temporarily, as it was developed for use on your vehicle. See Compact Spare Tire on page 5-111. 5-78 {CAUTION: If you use bias-ply tires on your vehicle, the wheel rim ﬂanges could develop cracks after many miles of driving. A tire and/or wheel could fail suddenly, causing a crash. Use only radial-ply tires with the wheels on your vehicle. If you must replace your vehicle’s tires with those that do not have a TPC Spec number, make sure they are the same size, load range, speed rating, and construction type (radial and bias-belted tires) as your vehicle’s original tires. Vehicles that have a tire pressure monitoring system could give an inaccurate low-pressure warning if non-TPC Spec rated tires are installed on your vehicle. Non-TPC Spec rated tires may give a low-pressure warning that is higher or lower than the proper warning level you would get with TPC Spec rated tires. See Tire Pressure Monitor System on page 5-70. Your vehicle’s original equipment tires are listed on the Tire and Loading Information Label. See Loading Your Vehicle on page 4-22, for more information about the Tire and Loading Information Label and its location on your vehicle. Different Size Tires and Wheels If you add wheels or tires that are a different size than your original equipment wheels and tires, this may affect the way your vehicle performs, including its braking, ride and handling characteristics, stability, and resistance to rollover. Additionally, if your vehicle has electronic systems such as, anti-lock brakes, traction control, and electronic stability control, the performance of these systems can be affected. {CAUTION: If you add different sized wheels, your vehicle may not provide an acceptable level of performance and safety if tires not recommended for those wheels are selected. You may increase the chance that you will crash and suffer serious injury. Only use GM speciﬁc wheel and tire systems developed for your vehicle, and have them properly installed by a GM certiﬁed technician. See Buying New Tires on page 5-77 and Accessories and Modiﬁcations on page 5-3 for additional information. 5-79 Uniform Tire Quality Grading Quality grades can be found where applicable on the tire sidewall between tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A The following information relates to the system developed by the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), which grades tires by treadwear, traction, and temperature performance. This applies only to vehicles sold in the United States. The grades are molded on the sidewalls of most passenger car tires. The Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG) system does not apply to deep tread, winter-type snow tires, space-saver, or temporary use spare tires, tires with nominal rim diameters of 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm), or to some limited-production tires. While the tires available on General Motors passenger cars and light trucks may vary with respect to these grades, they must also conform to federal safety requirements and additional General Motors Tire Performance Criteria (TPC) standards. Treadwear The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a speciﬁed government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and a half (1.5) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and may depart signiﬁcantly from the norm due to variations in driving habits, service practices, and differences in road characteristics and climate. Traction – AA, A, B, C The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C. Those grades represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on speciﬁed government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance. Warning: The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on straight-ahead braking traction tests, and does not include acceleration, cornering, hydroplaning, or peak traction characteristics. 5-80 Temperature – A, B, C The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a speciﬁed indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a level of performance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law. Warning: The temperature grade for this tire is established for a tire that is properly inﬂated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinﬂation, or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire failure. Wheel Alignment and Tire Balance The tires and wheels on your vehicle were aligned and balanced carefully at the factory to give you the longest tire life and best overall performance. Adjustments to wheel alignment and tire balancing will not be necessary on a regular basis. However, if you notice unusual tire wear or your vehicle pulling to one side or the other, the alignment might need to be checked. If you notice your vehicle vibrating when driving on a smooth road, the tires and wheels might need to be rebalanced. See your dealer/retailer for proper diagnosis. Wheel Replacement Replace any wheel that is bent, cracked, or badly rusted or corroded. If wheel nuts keep coming loose, the wheel, wheel bolts, and wheel nuts should be replaced. If the wheel leaks air, replace it (except some aluminum wheels, which can sometimes be repaired). See your dealer/retailer if any of these conditions exist. Your dealer/retailer will know the kind of wheel you need. 5-81 Each new wheel should have the same load-carrying capacity, diameter, width, offset, and be mounted the same way as the one it replaces. If you need to replace any of your wheels, wheel bolts, wheel nuts, or Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) sensors, replace them only with new GM original equipment parts. This way, you will be sure to have the right wheel, wheel bolts, wheel nuts, and TPMS sensors for your vehicle. Notice: The wrong wheel can also cause problems with bearing life, brake cooling, speedometer or odometer calibration, headlamp aim, bumper height, vehicle ground clearance, and tire or tire chain clearance to the body and chassis. See Changing a Flat Tire on page 5-102 for more information. Used Replacement Wheels {CAUTION: {CAUTION: Using the wrong replacement wheels, wheel bolts, or wheel nuts on your vehicle can be dangerous. It could affect the braking and handling of your vehicle, make your tires lose air and make you lose control. You could have a collision in which you or others could be injured. Always use the correct wheel, wheel bolts, and wheel nuts for replacement. Putting a used wheel on your vehicle is dangerous. You cannot know how it has been used or how far it has been driven. It could fail suddenly and cause a crash. If you have to replace a wheel, use a new GM original equipment wheel. 5-82 Tire Chains {CAUTION: Do not use tire chains. There is not enough clearance. Tire chains used on a vehicle without the proper amount of clearance can cause damage to the brakes, suspension, or other vehicle parts. The area damaged by the tire chains could cause you to lose control of your vehicle and you or others may be injured in a crash. Use another type of traction device only if its manufacturer recommends it for use on your vehicle and tire size combination and road conditions. Follow that manufacturer’s instructions. To help avoid damage to your vehicle, drive slowly, re-adjust or remove the device if it is contacting your vehicle, and do not spin your wheels. If you do ﬁnd traction devices that will ﬁt, install them on the rear tires. If a Tire Goes Flat It is unusual for a tire to blowout while you are driving, especially if you maintain your tires properly. See Tires on page 5-59. If air goes out of a tire, It is much more likely to leak out slowly. But if you should ever have a blowout, here are a few tips about what to expect and what to do: If a front tire fails, the ﬂat tire will create a drag that pulls the vehicle toward that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the steering wheel ﬁrmly. Steer to maintain lane position, and then gently brake to a stop well out of the traffic lane. A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a skid and may require the same correction you would use in a skid. In any rear blowout, remove your foot from the accelerator pedal. Get the vehicle under control by steering the way you want the vehicle to go. It may be very bumpy and noisy, but you can still steer. Gently brake to a stop, well off the road if possible. 5-83 If a tire goes ﬂat, and your vehicle has a compact spare tire, see Changing a Flat Tire on page 5-102. This information shows you how to use your vehicle’s tire changing equipment and how to change a ﬂat tire safely. {CAUTION: Lifting a vehicle and getting under it to do maintenance or repairs is dangerous without the appropriate safety equipment and training. The jack provided with your vehicle is designed only for changing a ﬂat tire. If it is used for anything else, you or others could be badly injured or killed if the vehicle slips off the jack. Use the jack provided with your vehicle only for changing a ﬂat tire. Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit If your vehicle has a factory installed tire sealant and compressor kit, there is no spare tire, no tire changing equipment and no place to store a tire. If a tire goes ﬂat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to a level place and stopping. 1. Turn on the hazard warning ﬂashers. See Hazard Warning Flashers on page 3-6. 2. Park your vehicle. If your vehicle has an automatic transmission, set the parking brake ﬁrmly and put the shift lever in PARK (P). See Shifting Into PARK (P) (Automatic Transmission) on page 2-44. If your vehicle has a manual transmission, move the shift lever to REVERSE (R) and set the parking brake ﬁrmly. See Parking Your Vehicle (Manual Transmission) on page 2-46 for additional information. 3. Turn off the engine. 4. Inspect the ﬂat tire. If the tire has been separated from the wheel, has damaged sidewalls, or has a puncture larger than a 1⁄4 inch (6 mm), the tire is too severely damaged for the tire sealant and compressor kit to be effective. See Roadside Service on page 7-6. If the tire has a puncture less than a 1⁄4 inch (6 mm) in the tread area of the tire, see Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit (With Sealant Selector Switch) on page 5-85 or Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit (Without Sealant Selector Switch) on page 5-93. 5-84 Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit (With Sealant Selector Switch) Your vehicle has a tire sealant and compressor kit that is capable of temporarily sealing a puncture up to 1⁄4 inch (6mm) in the tread area of the tire. There is no jack or spare tire. The kit inﬂates the tire with liquid sealant and air. The tire sealant and compressor kit can also be used to inﬂate an underinﬂated tire. After the tire is inﬂated to the recommended inﬂation pressure, see Inﬂation - Tire Pressure on page 5-67 for more information, the vehicle must be driven for ﬁve miles to distribute the sealant in the tire and seal the puncture. After driving ﬁve miles the tire pressure must be rechecked and adjusted as needed. See “Using the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit to Temporarily Seal a Punctured Tire” later in this section. Be sure to read and follow all of the tire sealant and compressor kit instructions. The kit includes: A. Selector Switch B. On/Off Button C. Air Pressure Gage D. Tire Sealant Canister E. Air Compressor Accessory Plug F. Sealant/Air Hose (Clear) G. Air Only Hose After temporarily sealing the tire sealant and compressor kit, it is recommended to take your vehicle to an authorized dealer/retailer as soon as possible. If the sealant is removed within 100 miles (161 kilometers) of driving, then it is easier to clean from the tire and you are less likely to require a replacement tire. 5-85 Accessing the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit A. Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit B. Foam Container C. Wing Nut To access the tire sealant and compressor kit: 1. Open the trunk. See Trunk on page 2-20 for more information. 2. Locate the tire sealant and compressor kit (A) in the center of the cargo area. 5-86 3. Remove the tire sealant and compressor kit by turning the wing nut (C counterclockwise). 4. Remove the sealant and compressor kit from its foam container (B). Tire Sealant Read and follow the safe handling instructions on the sealant canister. The sealant can temporarily seal small punctures in the tread area of the tire. The sealant cannot seal sidewall damage, large punctures, or a tire that has unseated from the wheel. See Roadside Service on page 7-6 if you need assistance. The sealant can only be used to seal one tire. After usage, the sealant canister and sealant ﬁlling hose assembly must be replaced at a dealer/retailer. See “Removal and Installation of Sealant Canister” later in this section. Check the tire sealant expiration date on the sealant canister. The sealant might not be effective beyond the expiration date. If needed, see your dealer/retailer for a replacement canister. Using the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit to Temporarily Seal a Punctured Tire Follow these directions closely for correct sealant usage. 3. Place the sealant and compressor kit on the ground and unwrap the sealant/air hose (F) hose from the compressor. The sealant/air hose (F) is the top, clear hose. 4. Remove the valve stem cap from the ﬂat tire by turning it counterclockwise. 5. Attach the sealant ﬁlling hose (F) onto the tire valve stem. Turn it clockwise until it is tight. 6. Unwrap and plug the air compressor accessory plug (E) into an accessory power outlet in the vehicle. See Accessory Power Outlet(s) on page 3-21 for more information. Do not slam the door or close the window on the compressor accessory plug cord. {CAUTION: 1. Do a safety check before proceeding. See If a Tire Goes Flat on page 5-83. 2. Inspect the damaged tire. The sealant cannot seal sidewall damage, large punctures, or a tire that has unseated from the wheel. See Roadside Service on page 7-6. Do not remove any objects that have penetrated the tire. Idling the engine in a closed-in place or with the climate control system off can cause deadly carbon monoxide (CO). See Engine Exhaust on page 2-47. 7. Start the vehicle. See Starting the Engine on page 2-34 for more information. The vehicle must be running while using the air compressor. 5-87 10. Inﬂate the tire to the recommended inﬂation pressure, found on the Tire and Loading Information label. See Inﬂation - Tire Pressure on page 5-67. The pressure gage reads high while the compressor is running. Turn the compressor off to get an accurate pressure reading. If the recommended pressure cannot be Notice: reached after 15 minutes, the vehicle should not be driven farther. Damage to the tire is severe and the sealant will not be effective. Remove the air compressor plug from the accessory power outlet and unscrew the inﬂating hose from the tire valve. See Roadside Service on page 7-6. 11. Turn the compressor off by pushing the On/Off button (B). 12. The tire is not sealed and will continue to leak air until the vehicle is driven and the sealant is distributed in the tire. Steps 11 through 18 must be done right after Step 10. {CAUTION: Inﬂating something too much can make it explode, and you or others could be injured. Be sure to read the inﬂator instructions, and inﬂate the tire to its recommended pressure. Do not exceed 36 psi (248 kPa). 8. Turn the selector switch (A) counterclockwise to the sealant and air position. 9. Push the On/Off button (B). The sealant and compressor kit will inject sealant and air into the tire. Sealant may leak from the puncture until the vehicle is driven and the hole has sealed. The pressure gage (C) will initially show a high pressure while the compressor pushes the sealant into the tire. Once the sealant is completely dispersed into the tire, the pressure will quickly drop and start to rise again as the tire inﬂates with air. 5-88 13. Unplug the air compressor accessory plug (F) from the accessory power outlet in the vehicle. 14. Disconnect the sealant/air hose from the tire valve stem or tire pressure monitoring sensor cap, by turning it counterclockwise, and replace the tire valve stem cap. Be careful when handling the tire inﬂator components as they may be hot after usage. 15. Wrap the sealant/air hose around the air compressor channel to stow it in its original location. 16. Wrap the air compressor accessory plug (E) back into place. 17. If the ﬂat tire was able to inﬂate to the recommended inﬂation pressure, remove the maximum speed label from the sealant canister. Place it in a highly visible location such as the inside of the upper left corner of the windshield or to the face of the radio/clock. The maximum speed label reminds you to drive cautiously and not to exceed 55 mph (90 km/h) until you have the damaged tire inspected and repaired. {CAUTION: Storing the tire sealant and compressor kit or other equipment in the passenger compartment of the vehicle could cause injury. In a sudden stop or collision, loose equipment could strike someone. Store the tire sealant and compressor kit in the proper place. 18. Return the equipment to the proper storage location in the trunk of your vehicle. 5-89 19. Immediately drive the vehicle 5 miles (8 km) to distribute the sealant evenly in the tire. Stop at a safe location and check the tire pressure, refer to Steps 1 through 8 under “Using the Air Compressor without Sealant” next in this section. 20. If the tire pressure has fallen more then 10 psi (68 kPa), below the recommended inﬂation pressure, stop driving the vehicle. The tire is too severely damaged and the tire sealant and compressor kit cannot seal the tire. See Roadside Service on page 7-6 for more information. If the tire pressure has not dropped more than 10 psi (68 kPa) from the recommended inﬂation pressure, you can inﬂate the tire back up to the recommended inﬂation pressure. 21. Wipe off any sealant from the wheel, tire, and vehicle with a rag. 22. Dispose of the sealant canister at a local dealer/ retailer or in accordance with your local state codes and practices. After using the sealant canister, replace it with a new canister from your dealer/retailer. 23. After temporarily sealing a tire with the tire sealant and compressor kit, take your vehicle to your dealer/retailer to have the tire inspected and repaired. 5-90 Using the Air Compressor without Sealant to Inﬂate an Underinﬂated Tire (Not Punctured) To use the air compressor to inﬂate a tire with air only and not sealant: Your tire sealant and compressor kit has an accessory adapter located in a compartment on the bottom of its housing that may be used to inﬂate air mattresses, balls, etc. {CAUTION: Idling the engine in a closed-in place or with the climate control system off can cause deadly carbon monoxide (CO). See Engine Exhaust on page 2-47. 5. Start the vehicle. See Starting the Engine on page 2-34 for more information. The vehicle must be running while using the air compressor. {CAUTION: Inﬂating something too much can make it explode, and you or others could be injured. Be sure to read the inﬂator instructions, and inﬂate the tire to its recommended pressure. Do not exceed 36 psi (248 kPa). 6. Turn the selector switch (A) clockwise to the air only position. 7. Push the On/Off button (B). 5-91 1. Do a safety check before proceeding. See If a Tire Goes Flat on page 5-83. 2. Unwrap the air only hose (G) from the bottom of the air compressor. 3. Attach the air only hose (G) onto the valve stem to secure into place. 4. Plug the air compressor accessory plug (E) into an accessory power outlet in the vehicle. See Accessory Power Outlet(s) on page 3-21 for more information. 8. Inﬂate the tire up to the recommended inﬂation pressure using the air pressure gage (C) on the top of the unit. The pressure gage read high while the compressor is running. Turn the compressor off to get an accurate reading. 9. Turn off the air compressor by pushing the On/Off button (B). 10. Unplug the air compressor accessory plug (E) and wrap it back into place. {CAUTION: Storing the tire sealant and compressor kit or other equipment in the passenger compartment of the vehicle could cause injury. In a sudden stop or collision, loose equipment could strike someone. Store the tire sealant and compressor kit in the proper place. 11. Disconnect the air only hose (G) and wrap the hose in the bottom of the sealant and compressor kit. 12. Place the equipment in the original location in the trunk of your vehicle. Removal and Installation of the Sealant Canister To remove the sealant canister: 1. Unwrap the sealant and air hose. 2. Push the canister release button. 3. Pull up and remove the canister. 4. Replace with a new canister. See your dealer/retailer for the new canister. 5. Push the new canister into place. 5-92 Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit (Without Sealant Selector Switch) Your vehicle has a tire sealant and compressor kit that is capable of temporarily sealing a small puncture up to 1⁄4 inch (6 mm) in the tread. There is no jack or spare tire. The kit inﬂates the tire with liquid sealant and air. The tire sealant and compressor kit can also be used to inﬂate an underinﬂated tire. After the tire is inﬂated to the recommended inﬂation pressure, see Inﬂation - Tire Pressure on page 5-67 for more information, the vehicle must be driven for ﬁve miles to distribute the sealant in the tire and seal the puncture. After driving ﬁve miles the tire pressure must be rechecked and adjusted as needed. See “Using the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit” later in this section. Be sure to read and follow all of the tire sealant and compressor kit instructions. The kit includes: A. Air Compressor B. Tire Sealant Canister C. Air Compressor Accessory Plug D. On/Off Switch E. Air Pressure Gage F. Air Only Hose G. Sealant/Air Hose After temporarily sealing and inﬂating the with the tire sealant and compressor kit, it is recommended to take your vehicle to an authorized dealer/retailer as soon as possible for tire repair or replacement. If the sealant is removed within 100 miles (161 kilometers) of driving, then it is easier to clean from the tire and you are less likely to require a replacement tire. 5-93 Accessing the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit To access the tire sealant and compressor kit: 1. Open the trunk. See Trunk on page 2-20 for more information. 3. Remove the tire sealant and compressor kit strap by squeezing the two tabs of the quick release buckle. 4. Remove the sealant and compressor kit from its foam container. Tire Sealant Read and follow the safe handling instructions on the sealant canister. The sealant can temporarily seal a puncture up to 1⁄4 inch (6 mm) in the tread area of the tire. The sealant cannot seal sidewall damage, large punctures, or a tire that has unseated from the wheel. See Roadside Service on page 7-6 if you need assistance. 2. Locate the tire sealant and compressor kit on the driver side of the vehicle, near the back corner of the trunk. 5-94 The sealant can only be used to seal one tire. After usage, the sealant canister and sealant/air hose assembly must be replaced at a dealer/retailer. See “Removal and Installation of Sealant Canister” later in this section. Check the tire sealant expiration date on the sealant canister, if it has expired, see your dealer/retailer for a replacement. Using the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit to Temporarily Seal a Punctured Tire Follow these directions closely for correct sealant usage. 1. Do a safety check before proceeding. See If a Tire Goes Flat on page 5-83. 2. Inspect the damaged tire. The sealant cannot seal sidewall damage, large punctures, or a tire that has unseated from the wheel. See Roadside Service on page 7-6. 3. If an object, such as a nail, has penetrated the tire, do not remove it. 4. Place the sealant and compressor kit on the ground and unwrap the sealant/air hose (G) from the compressor. 5. Remove the valve stem cap from the ﬂat tire by turning it counterclockwise. 5-95 {CAUTION: Inﬂating something too much can make it explode, and you or others could be injured. Be sure to read the inﬂator instructions, and inﬂate the tire to its recommended pressure. Do not exceed 36 psi (248 kPa). 10. Push the On/Off switch to the I (on) position. The sealant and compressor kit will inject sealant and air into the tire. Sealant may leak from the puncture until the vehicle is driven and the hole has sealed. The pressure gage will initially show a high pressure while the compressor pushes the sealant into the tire. Once the sealant is completely dispersed into the tire, the pressure will quickly drop and start to rise again as the tire inﬂates with air. 6. Attach the sealant ﬁlling hose (G) onto the tire valve stem. Turn it clockwise until it is tight. Make sure the sealant and compressor kit on/off switch (D) is in the O (off) position. 7. Remove the air compressor accessory plug (C) from the unit. 8. Plug the air compressor accessory plug (C) into an accessory power outlet in the vehicle. See Accessory Power Outlet(s) on page 3-21 for more information. Do not slam the door or close the window on the air compressor accessory plug. {CAUTION: Idling the engine in a closed-in place or with the climate control system off can cause deadly carbon monoxide (CO). See Engine Exhaust on page 2-47. 9. Start the vehicle. See Starting the Engine on page 2-34 for more information. The vehicle must be running while using the air compressor. 5-96 11. Inﬂate the tire to the recommended inﬂation pressure, found on the Tire and Loading Information label using the air pressure gage on the top of the unit. See Inﬂation - Tire Pressure on page 5-67. The pressure gage reads high while the compressor is running. Turn the compressor off to get an accurate pressure reading. If the recommended pressure cannot be Notice: reached after 15 minutes, the vehicle should not be driven farther. Damage to the tire is severe and the sealant will not be effective. Remove the air compressor plug from the accessory power outlet and unscrew the inﬂating hose from the tire valve. See Roadside Service on page 7-6. 12. Push the on/off switch (D) to the O (off) position. 13. The tire is not sealed and will continue to leak air until the vehicle is driven and the sealant is distributed in the tire. Steps 13 through 20 must be done right after Step 11. 14. Unplug the air compressor accessory plug (C) from the accessory power outlet in the vehicle. 15. Disconnect the sealant/air hose from the tire valve stem, by turning it counterclockwise, and replace the tire valve stem cap. Be careful when handling the tire inﬂator components as they may be hot after usage. 16. Wrap the sealant/air hose around the air compressor channel to stow it in its original location. 17. Stow the air compressor accessory plug back in the air compressor. To do this, wrap the air compressor accessory plug, snap in the plug, and then push in the bottom and then the top of the wrapped air compressor accessory plug. 5-97 18. If the ﬂat tire was able to inﬂate to the recommended inﬂation pressure, remove the maximum speed label from the sealant canister. Place it in a highly visible location such as the inside of the upper left corner of the windshield or to the face of the radio/clock. The maximum speed label reminds you to drive cautiously and not to exceed 55 mph (90 km/h) until you have the damaged tire inspected and repaired. {CAUTION: Storing the tire sealant and compressor kit or other equipment in the passenger compartment of the vehicle could cause injury. In a sudden stop or collision, loose equipment could strike someone. Store the tire sealant and compressor kit in the proper place. 19. Return the equipment to its original storage location in the trunk of your vehicle. 20. Immediately drive the vehicle 5 miles (8 km) to distribute the sealant evenly in the tire. Stop at a safe location and check the tire pressure, refer to Steps 1 through 8 under “Using the Air Compressor without Sealant to Inﬂate an Underinﬂated Tire (Not Punctured)” next in this section. 5-98 21. If the tire pressure has fallen more then 10 psi (68 kPa), below the recommended inﬂation pressure, stop driving the vehicle. The tire is too severely damaged and the tire sealant and compressor kit cannot seal the tire. See Roadside Service on page 7-6 for more information. If the tire pressure has not dropped more than 10 psi (68 kPa) from the recommended inﬂation pressure, you can inﬂate the tire back up to the recommended inﬂation pressure. 22. Wipe off any sealant from the wheel, tire, and vehicle. 23. Dispose of the sealant canister (B) and sealant/air hose (G) at a local dealer/retailer or in accordance with your local state codes and practices. After using the sealant canister, replace it with a new canister from your dealer/retailer. 24. After temporarily sealing a tire with the tire sealant and compressor kit, take your vehicle to your dealer/retailer to have the tire inspected and repaired or replaced. Using the Air Compressor without Sealant to Inﬂate an Underinﬂated Tire (Not Punctured) To use the air compressor to inﬂate a tire with air only and not sealant: 1. Do a safety check before proceeding. See If a Tire Goes Flat on page 5-83. 2. Inspect the damaged tire. The sealant cannot seal sidewall damage, large punctures, or a tire that has unseated from the wheel. See Roadside Service on page 7-6. 3. If an object, such as a nail, has penetrated the tire, do not remove it. 4. Unlock the air compressor hose from the sealant canister by pulling up on the lever. 5-99 {CAUTION: Idling the engine in a closed-in place or with the climate control system off can cause deadly carbon monoxide (CO). See Engine Exhaust on page 2-47. 8. Start the vehicle. See Starting the Engine on page 2-34 for more information. The vehicle must be running while using the air compressor. {CAUTION: 5. Pull the air only hose (F) from the sealant canister (B). 6. Push the air only hose (F) onto the tire valve stem and push the lever down to secure in place. 7. Plug the air compressor accessory plug (C) into an accessory power outlet in the vehicle. See Accessory Power Outlet(s) on page 3-21 for more information. Inﬂating something too much can make it explode, and you or others could be injured. Be sure to read the inﬂator instructions, and inﬂate the tire to its recommended pressure. Do not exceed 36 psi (248 kPa). 9. Push the sealant and compressor kit switch to the I (on) position. 5-100 10. Inﬂate the tire up to the recommended inﬂation pressure using the air pressure gage on the top of the unit. The pressure gage read high while the compressor is running. Turn the compressor off to get an accurate reading. 11. Turn off the air compressor by pushing the switch to the O (off) position. {CAUTION: Storing the tire sealant and compressor kit or other equipment in the passenger compartment of the vehicle could cause injury. In a sudden stop or collision, loose equipment could strike someone. Store the tire sealant and compressor kit in the proper place. 12. Disconnect the compressor inﬂator hose and wrap the hose in the bottom of the sealant and compressor kit. 13. Place the equipment in the original location of your vehicle. Removal and Installation of the Sealant Canister To remove the sealant canister: 1. Unlock the air compressor hose from the sealant canister by pulling up on the lever. 2. Pull the air only hose (F) from the sealant canister (B). 3. Unwrap the sealant/air hose from the compressor. 5-101 To install a new sealant canister: 1. Align the sealant/air hose with the slot in the air compressor. 2. Push the sealant canister down and turn it clockwise. 3. Wrap the sealant/air hose around the air compressor channel to stow it in its original location. 4. Push the air only hose onto the sealant canister inlet and push the lever down to secure. Changing a Flat Tire If a tire goes ﬂat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to a level place. Turn on your vehicle’s hazard warning ﬂashers. See Hazard Warning Flashers on page 3-6 for more information. 4. Turn the sealant canister so the inﬂator ﬁlling hose is aligned with the slot in the compressor. 5. Lift the sealant canister from the compressor and replace with a new sealant canister. See your dealer/retailer for more information. 5-102 {CAUTION: Changing a tire can be dangerous. The vehicle can slip off the jack and roll over or fall on you or other people. You and they could be badly injured or even killed. Find a level place to change your tire. To help prevent the vehicle from moving: 1. Set the parking brake ﬁrmly. 2. Put the shift lever in PARK (P). 3. Turn off the engine and do not restart while the vehicle is raised. 4. Do not allow passengers to remain in the vehicle. To be even more certain the vehicle will not move, you should put blocks at the front and rear of the tire farthest away from the one being changed. That would be the tire, on the other side, at the opposite end of the vehicle. When your vehicle has a ﬂat tire, use the following example as a guide to assist you in the placement of wheel blocks. The following information tells you how to use the jack and change a tire. 5-103 Removing the Spare Tire and Tools The equipment you will need is in the trunk. To gain access to the spare tire and jacking equipment, do the following: 1. Remove the spare tire cover. 2. Remove the stow rod cap by pulling it straight up off of the rod. 3. Turn the wing nut (A) on the compact spare tire (B) counterclockwise to remove it. 4. Remove the spare tire and place it next to the ﬂat tire. 5. The tools you will be using next include the jack (C), wheel wrench (D), and extension (E). A. Wing Nut B. Spare Tire C. Jack D. Wheel Wrench E. Extension F. Strap 5-104 Removing the Flat Tire and Installing the Spare Tire 1. Do a safety check before proceeding. See Changing a Flat Tire on page 5-102 for more information. 2. Loosen the wheel nuts, but do not remove them yet, using the wheel wrench. Turn the handle about 180 degrees, then return the handle back to the starting position. This avoids taking the wrench off the lug nut for each turn. 3. Find the jacking location using the diagram above and corresponding V-shaped locating notches located in the plastic molding. 5-105 {CAUTION: Getting under a vehicle when it is jacked up is dangerous. If the vehicle slips off the jack, you could be badly injured or killed. Never get under a vehicle when it is supported only by a jack. {CAUTION: Lifting a vehicle and getting under it to do maintenance or repairs is dangerous without the appropriate safety equipment and training. The jack provided with your vehicle is designed only for changing a ﬂat tire. If it is used for anything else, you or others could be badly injured or killed if the vehicle slips off the jack. Use the jack provided with your vehicle only for changing a ﬂat tire. 4. Insert the hooked end of the extension handle through the jack and the ﬂat end through the wheel wrench. 5-106 {CAUTION: Raising your vehicle with the jack improperly positioned can damage the vehicle and even make the vehicle fall. To help avoid personal injury and vehicle damage, be sure to ﬁt the jack lift head into the proper location before raising the vehicle. If you position the jack under the rocker Notice: molding and attempt to raise the vehicle, you could break the molding and/or cause other damage to your vehicle. Always position the jack so that when the jack head is raised, it will ﬁt ﬁrmly in the notch located inboard from the rocker molding. 5. Turn the wheel wrench counterclockwise to lower the jack lift head until the jack ﬁts under the vehicle. 6. Raise the jack by turning the wheel wrench clockwise until the slots in the jack head ﬁt into the metal ﬂange located behind the V–shaped locating notches on the plastic molding as shown. 7. Put the compact spare tire near you. 8. Raise the vehicle by turning the wheel wrench clockwise. Raise the vehicle far enough off the ground for the compact spare tire to ﬁt under the vehicle. 5-107 9. Remove all the wheel nuts and the ﬂat tire. {CAUTION: Never use oil or grease on studs or nuts. Because the nuts might come loose. The vehicle’s wheel could fall off, causing a crash. 10. Remove any rust or dirt from the wheel bolts, mounting surfaces, and spare wheel. {CAUTION: Rust or dirt on a wheel, or on the parts to which it is fastened, can make wheel nuts become loose after time. The wheel could come off and cause an accident. When you change a wheel, remove any rust or dirt from places where the wheel attaches to the vehicle. In an emergency, you can use a cloth or a paper towel to do this; but be sure to use a scraper or wire brush later, if needed, to get all the rust or dirt off. See Changing a Flat Tire on page 5-102. 5-108 11. Install the spare tire. 12. Put the wheel nuts back on with the rounded end of the nuts toward the wheel. Improperly tightened wheel nuts can Notice: lead to brake pulsation and rotor damage. To avoid expensive brake repairs, evenly tighten the wheel nuts in the proper sequence and to the proper torque speciﬁcation. See Capacities and Speciﬁcations on page 5-128 for the wheel nut torque speciﬁcation. 15. Tighten the wheel nuts ﬁrmly in a crisscross sequence as shown. 13. Tighten each wheel nut by turning it clockwise with your hand until the wheel is held against the hub. 14. Lower the vehicle by turning the wheel wrench counterclockwise. Lower the jack completely. {CAUTION: Incorrect or improperly tightened wheel nuts can cause the wheel to come loose and even come off. This could lead to a crash. If you have to replace them, be sure to get new original equipment wheel nuts. Stop somewhere as soon as you can and have the nuts tightened with a torque wrench to the proper torque speciﬁcation. See Capacities and Speciﬁcations on page 5-128 for wheel nut torque speciﬁcation. 5-109 Use the following diagram as a guide for storing the compact spare tire in the trunk: A. Wing Nut B. Compact Spare Tire or Flat Tire (valve stem down) C. Jack D. Wheel Wrench E. Extension F. Strap Storing a Flat or Spare Tire and Tools {CAUTION: Storing a jack, a tire, or other equipment in the passenger compartment of the vehicle could cause injury. In a sudden stop or collision, loose equipment could strike someone. Store all these in the proper place. After you have put the compact spare tire on your vehicle, you will need to store the ﬂat tire in your trunk. The compact spare is for temporary use only. Replace the compact spare tire with a full-size tire as soon as you can. 5-110 Compact Spare Tire If your vehicle is equipped with a compact spare tire it was fully inﬂated when the vehicle was new, it can lose air after a time. Check the inﬂation pressure regularly. It should be 60 psi (420 kPa). After installing the compact spare on the vehicle, stop as soon as possible and make sure the spare tire is correctly inﬂated. The compact spare is made to perform well at speeds up to 65 mph (105 km/h) for distances up to 3,000 miles (5 000 km), so you can ﬁnish your trip and have the full-size tire repaired or replaced at your convenience. Of course, it is best to replace the spare with a full-size tire as soon as possible. The spare tire will last longer and be in good shape in case it is needed again. Notice: When the compact spare is installed, do not take your vehicle through an automatic car wash with guide rails. The compact spare can get caught on the rails. That can damage the tire and wheel, and maybe other parts of your vehicle. Do not use the compact spare on other vehicles. And do not mix the compact spare tire or wheel with other wheels or tires. They will not ﬁt. Keep the spare tire and its wheel together. Notice: Tire chains will not ﬁt your compact spare. Using them can damage your vehicle and can damage the chains too. Do not use tire chains on your compact spare. Appearance Care Interior Cleaning Your vehicle’s interior will continue to look its best if it is cleaned often. Although not always visible, dust and dirt can accumulate on your upholstery. Dirt can damage carpet, fabric, leather, and plastic surfaces. Regular vacuuming is recommended to remove particles from your upholstery. It is important to keep your upholstery from becoming and remaining heavily soiled. Soils should be removed as quickly as possible. Your vehicle’s interior may experience extremes of heat that could cause stains to set rapidly. 5-111 Lighter colored interiors may require more frequent cleaning. Use care because newspapers and garments that transfer color to your home furnishings may also transfer color to your vehicle’s interior. When cleaning your vehicle’s interior, only use cleaners speciﬁcally designed for the surfaces being cleaned. Permanent damage may result from using cleaners on surfaces for which they were not intended. Use glass cleaner only on glass. Remove any accidental over-spray from other surfaces immediately. To prevent over-spray, apply cleaner directly to the cleaning cloth. Notice: glass surfaces on your vehicle, you could scratch the glass and/or cause damage to the rear window defogger. When cleaning the glass on your vehicle, use only a soft cloth and glass cleaner. Many cleaners contain solvents that may become concentrated in your vehicle’s breathing space. Before using cleaners, read and adhere to all safety instructions on the label. While cleaning your vehicle’s interior, maintain adequate ventilation by opening your vehicle’s doors and windows. Dust may be removed from small buttons and knobs using a small brush with soft bristles. If you use abrasive cleaners when cleaning Your dealer/retailer has a product for cleaning your vehicle’s glass. Should it become necessary, you can also obtain a product from your dealer/retailer to remove odors from your vehicle’s upholstery. Do not clean your vehicle using: (cid:127) A knife or any other sharp object to remove a soil from any interior surface. (cid:127) A stiff brush. It can cause damage to your vehicle’s interior surfaces. (cid:127) Heavy pressure or aggressive rubbing with a cleaning cloth. Use of heavy pressure can damage your interior and does not improve the effectiveness of soil removal. Laundry detergents or dishwashing soaps with degreasers can leave residue that streaks and attracts dirt. For liquid cleaners, about 20 drops per gallon (3.78 L) of water is a good guide. Use only mild, neutral-pH soaps. Too much cleaner that saturates the upholstery. (cid:127) Organic solvents such as naptha, alcohol, etc. that can damage your vehicle’s interior. 5-112 (cid:127) (cid:127) Fabric/Carpet Use a vacuum cleaner with a soft brush attachment frequently to remove dust and loose dirt. A canister vacuum with a beater bar in the nozzle may only be used on ﬂoor carpet and carpeted ﬂoor mats. For any soil, always try to remove it ﬁrst with plain water or club soda. Before cleaning, gently remove as much of the soil as possible using one of the following techniques: For liquids: gently blot the remaining soil with a paper towel. Allow the soil to absorb into the paper towel until no more can be removed. For solid dry soils: remove as much as possible and then vacuum. To clean: 1. Saturate a lint-free, clean white cloth with water or club soda. 2. Wring the cloth to remove excess moisture. 3. Start on the outside edge of the soil and gently rub toward the center. Continue cleaning, using a clean area of the cloth each time it becomes soiled. 4. Continue to gently rub the soiled area until the cleaning cloth remains clean. 5. If the soil is not completely removed, use a mild soap solution and repeat the cleaning process that was used with plain water. If any of the soil remains, a commercial fabric cleaner or spot lifter may be necessary. When a commercial upholstery cleaner or spot lifter is to be used, test a small hidden area for colorfastness ﬁrst. If the locally cleaned area gives any impression that a ring formation may result, clean the entire surface. After the cleaning process has been completed, a paper towel can be used to blot excess moisture from the fabric or carpet. Leather A soft cloth dampened with water can be used to remove dust. If a more thorough cleaning is necessary, a soft cloth dampened with a mild soap solution can be used. Allow the leather to dry naturally. Do not use heat to dry. Never use steam to clean leather. Never use spot lifters or spot removers on leather. Many commercial leather cleaners and coatings that are sold to preserve and protect leather may permanently change the appearance and feel of your leather and are not recommended. Do not use silicone or wax-based products, or those containing organic solvents to clean your vehicle’s interior because they can alter the appearance by increasing the gloss in a non-uniform manner. Never use shoe polish on leather. 5-113 (cid:127) (cid:127) Instrument Panel, Vinyl, and Other Plastic Surfaces A soft cloth dampened with water may be used to remove dust. If a more thorough cleaning is necessary, a clean soft cloth dampened with a mild soap solution can be used to gently remove dust and dirt. Never use spot lifters or removers on plastic surfaces. Many commercial cleaners and coatings that are sold to preserve and protect soft plastic surfaces may permanently change the appearance and feel of your interior and are not recommended. Do not use silicone or wax-based products, or those containing organic solvents to clean your vehicle’s interior because they can alter the appearance by increasing the gloss in a non-uniform manner. Some commercial products may increase gloss on your instrument panel. The increase in gloss may cause annoying reﬂections in the windshield and even make it difficult to see through the windshield under certain conditions. Wood Panels Use a clean cloth moistened in warm, soapy water (use mild dish washing soap). Dry the wood immediately with a clean cloth. Speaker Covers Vacuum around a speaker cover gently, so that the speaker will not be damaged. Clean spots with just water and mild soap. Care of Safety Belts Keep belts clean and dry. {CAUTION: Do not bleach or dye safety belts. If you do, it may severely weaken them. In a crash, they might not be able to provide adequate protection. Clean safety belts only with mild soap and lukewarm water. 5-114 Weatherstrips Silicone grease on weatherstrips will make them last longer, seal better, and not stick or squeak. Apply silicone grease with a clean cloth. During very cold, damp weather frequent application may be required. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-11. Washing Your Vehicle The best way to preserve your vehicle’s ﬁnish is to keep it clean by washing it often. Notice: Certain cleaners contain chemicals that can damage the emblems or nameplates on your vehicle. Check the cleaning product label. If it states that it should not be used on plastic parts, do not use it on your vehicle or damage may occur and it would not be covered by the warranty. Do not wash the vehicle in direct sunlight. Use a car washing soap. Do not use cleaning agents that are petroleum based or that contain acid or abrasives, as they can damage the paint, metal or plastic on your vehicle. Approved cleaning products can be obtained from your dealer/retailer. See Vehicle Care/Appearance Materials on page 5-119. Follow all manufacturers’ directions regarding correct product usage, necessary safety precautions and appropriate disposal of any vehicle care product. Rinse the vehicle well, before washing and after to remove all cleaning agents completely. If they are allowed to dry on the surface, they could stain. Dry the ﬁnish with a soft, clean chamois or an all-cotton towel to avoid surface scratches and water spotting High pressure car washes may cause water to enter the vehicle. Avoid using high pressure washes closer than 12 inches (30 cm) to the surface of the vehicle. Use of power washers exceeding 1,200 psi (8 274 kPa) can result in damage or removal of paint and decals. 5-115 Cleaning Exterior Lamps/Lenses Use only lukewarm or cold water, a soft cloth and a car washing soap to clean exterior lamps and lenses. Follow instructions under Washing Your Vehicle on page 5-115. Finish Care Occasional waxing or mild polishing of your vehicle by hand may be necessary to remove residue from the paint ﬁnish. You can get approved cleaning products from your dealer/retailer. See Vehicle Care/Appearance Materials on page 5-119. If your vehicle has a basecoat/clearcoat paint ﬁnish, the clearcoat gives more depth and gloss to the colored basecoat. Always use waxes and polishes that are non-abrasive and made for a basecoat/clearcoat paint ﬁnish. Notice: Machine compounding or aggressive polishing on a basecoat/clearcoat paint ﬁnish may damage it. Use only non-abrasive waxes and polishes that are made for a basecoat/clearcoat paint ﬁnish on your vehicle. Foreign materials such as calcium chloride and other salts, ice melting agents, road oil and tar, tree sap, bird droppings, chemicals from industrial chimneys, etc., can damage your vehicle’s ﬁnish if they remain on painted surfaces. Wash the vehicle as soon as possible. If necessary, use non-abrasive cleaners that are marked safe for painted surfaces to remove foreign matter. Exterior painted surfaces are subject to aging, weather and chemical fallout that can take their toll over a period of years. You can help to keep the paint ﬁnish looking new by keeping your vehicle garaged or covered whenever possible. Protecting Exterior Bright Metal Parts Bright metal parts should be cleaned regularly to keep their luster. Washing with water is all that is usually needed. However, you may use chrome polish on chrome or stainless steel trim, if necessary. Use special care with aluminum trim. To avoid damaging protective trim, never use auto or chrome polish, steam or caustic soap to clean aluminum. A coating of wax, rubbed to high polish, is recommended for all bright metal parts. 5-116 Windshield and Wiper Blades

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2008 Cadillac CTS Owners Manual