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Buick Encore Owner Manual 9234779) - 2016 - crc - 7/30/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
202
Vehicle Care
Checking Coolant The vehicle must be on a level surface when checking the coolant level. It is normal to see coolant moving in the upper coolant hose return line when the engine is running. Check to see if coolant is visible in the coolant surge tank. If the coolant inside the coolant surge tank is boiling, do not do anything else until it cools down. If coolant is visible but the coolant level is not at or above the mark pointed to, add a 50/50 mixture of clean drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant. Be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done. If no coolant is visible in the coolant surge tank, add coolant as follows:
How to Add Coolant to the Coolant Surge Tank
Caution
This vehicle has a specific coolant fill procedure. Failure to follow this procedure could cause the engine to overheat and be severely damaged.
If no problem is found, check to see if coolant is visible in the coolant surge tank. If coolant is visible but the coolant level is not at the indicated level mark, add a 50/ 50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant at the coolant surge tank, but be sure the cooling system, including the coolant surge tank pressure cap, is cool before you do it.
{ Warning
Steam and scalding liquids from a hot cooling system can blow out and burn you badly. Never turn
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
the cap when the cooling system, including the surge tank pressure cap, is hot. Wait for the cooling system and surge tank pressure cap to cool.
Caution
In cold weather, water can freeze and crack the engine, radiator, heater core, and other parts. Use the recommended coolant and the proper coolant mixture.
{ Warning
You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Do not spill coolant on a hot engine.
Buick Encore Owner Manual 9234779) - 2016 - crc - 7/30/15
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3. Fill the coolant surge tank with the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture to the indicated level mark.
4. With the coolant surge tank
pressure cap off, start the engine and let it run until you can feel the upper radiator hose getting hot. Watch out for the engine cooling fan. By this time, the coolant level inside the coolant surge tank may be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture to the coolant surge tank until the level reaches the indicated level mark.
5. Replace the pressure cap
tightly.
Check the level in the coolant surge tank when the cooling system has cooled down. If the coolant is not at the proper level, repeat Steps 1– 3 and reinstall the pressure cap. If the coolant still is not at the proper level when the system cools down again, see your dealer.
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Caution
If the pressure cap is not tightly installed, coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured.
Engine Overheating The vehicle has an engine coolant temperature gauge to warn of the engine overheating. See Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge 0 103. If the decision is made not to lift the hood when this warning appears, get service help right away. See Roadside Assistance Program 0 283. If the decision is made to lift the hood, make sure the vehicle is parked on a level surface. Then check to see if the engine cooling fan is running. If the engine is overheating, the fan should be running. If it is not, do not continue to run the engine. Have the vehicle serviced.
1.4L L4 Engine LUV Shown, 1.4L
L4 LE2 Similar
1. Remove the coolant surge tank pressure cap when the cooling system, including the coolant surge tank pressure cap and upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise about one-quarter of a turn. If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. This will allow any pressure still left to be vented out the discharge hose.
2. Keep turning the pressure cap
slowly and remove it.
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Vehicle Care
Caution
Warning (Continued)
Running the engine without coolant may cause damage or a fire. Vehicle damage would not be covered by the vehicle warranty.
If Steam Is Coming from the Engine Compartment { Warning
Steam from an overheated engine can burn you badly, even if you just open the hood. Stay away from the engine if you see or hear steam coming from it. Just turn it off and get everyone away from the vehicle until it cools down. Wait until there is no sign of steam or coolant before you open the hood. If you keep driving when the engine is overheated, the liquids in it can catch fire. You or others could be badly burned. Stop the
(Continued)
engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool.
If No Steam Is Coming from the Engine Compartment If an engine overheat warning is displayed but no steam can be seen or heard, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when the vehicle: . Climbs a long hill on a hot day. . Stops after high-speed driving. Idles for long periods in traffic.
If the overheat warning is displayed with no sign of steam: 1. Turn the air conditioning off. 2. Turn the heater on to the
highest temperature and to the highest fan speed. Open the windows as necessary.
3. When it is safe to do so, pull off
the road, shift to P (Park) or N (Neutral), and let the engine idle.
If the engine coolant temperature gauge is no longer in the overheat zone, the vehicle can be driven. Continue to drive the vehicle slowly for about 10 minutes. Keep a safe vehicle distance from the vehicle in front. If the warning does not come back on, continue to drive normally and have the cooling system checked for proper fill and function. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park the vehicle right away. If there is no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while parked. If the warning is still displayed, turn off the engine until it cools down.
Washer Fluid
What to Use When the vehicle needs windshield washer fluid, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions before
Buick Encore Owner Manual 9234779) - 2016 - crc - 7/30/15
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use. If operating the vehicle in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing. Adding Washer Fluid
Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 192 for reservoir location.
Caution
. Do not use washer fluid that
contains any type of water repellent coating. This can cause the wiper blades to chatter or skip.
(Continued)
Caution (Continued)
. Do not use engine coolant
(antifreeze) in the windshield washer. It can damage the windshield washer system and paint.
. Do not mix water with
ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage the washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system.
. When using concentrated
washer fluid, follow the manufacturer instructions for adding water.
. Fill the washer fluid tank
only three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.
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Brakes Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or can be heard all the time when the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.
{ Warning
The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to a crash. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.
Caution
Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair.
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Vehicle Care
Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications. See Capacities and Specifications 0 277. Brake pads should be replaced as complete sets. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service may be required. Replacing Brake System Parts Always replace brake system parts with new, approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes may not work properly. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong
replacement brake parts are installed or if parts are improperly installed.
Brake Fluid
The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with GM approved DOT 4
brake fluid as indicated on the reservoir cap. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 192 for the location of the reservoir.Checking Brake Fluid With the vehicle in P (Park) on a level surface, the brake fluid level should be between the minimum and maximum marks on the brake fluid reservoir. There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir may go down:
. Normal brake lining wear. When
new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up. . A fluid leak in the brake
hydraulic system. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed. With a leak, the brakes will not work well.
Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.
{ Warning
If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged.
(Continued)
Buick Encore Owner Manual 9234779) - 2016 - crc - 7/30/15
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Warning (Continued)
Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.
When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light 0 108. Brake fluid absorbs water over time which degrades the effectiveness of the brake fluid. Replace brake fluid at the specified intervals to prevent increased stopping distance. See Maintenance Schedule 0 263.
What to Add Use only GM approved DOT 4
brake fluid from a clean, sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 273.{ Warning
The wrong or contaminated brake fluid could result in damage to the brake system. This could result in the loss of braking leading to a possible injury. Always use the proper GM approved brake fluid.
Caution
If brake fluid is spilled on the vehicle's painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Immediately wash off any painted surface.
Battery - North America The original equipment battery is maintenance free. Do not remove the cap and do not add fluid. Refer to the replacement number shown on the original battery label when a new battery is needed. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 192 for battery location.
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207
{ Warning WARNING: Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. Batteries also contain other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer. WASH HANDS AFTER HANDLING. See California Proposition 65 Warning 0 189.
Vehicle Storage
{ Warning
Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting - North America 0 248 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.
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Vehicle Care
Infrequent Usage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery to keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger.
All-Wheel Drive
Transfer Case Under normal driving conditions, transfer case fluid does not require maintenance unless there is a fluid leak or unusual noise. If required, have the transfer case serviced by your dealer.
Starter Switch Check
{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.
1. Before starting this check, be
1. Before starting this check, be
sure there is enough room around the vehicle.
2. Apply both the parking brake
and the regular brake. Do not use the accelerator pedal, and be ready to turn off the engine immediately if it starts.
3. Try to start the engine in each gear. The vehicle should start only in P (Park) or N (Neutral). If the vehicle starts in any other position, contact your dealer for service.
Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control Function Check
{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.
sure there is enough room around the vehicle. It should be parked on a level surface.
2. Apply the parking brake. Be
ready to apply the regular brake immediately if the vehicle begins to move.
3. With the engine off, turn the
ignition on, but do not start the engine. Without applying the regular brake, try to move the shift lever out of P (Park) with normal effort. If the shift lever moves out of P (Park), contact your dealer for service.
Ignition Transmission Lock Check While parked and with the parking brake set, try to turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF in each shift lever position. . The ignition should turn to
LOCK/OFF only when the shift lever is in P (Park).
. The ignition key should come
out only in LOCK/OFF.
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Caution (Continued)
the vehicle warranty. Do not allow the wiper arm to touch the windshield.
Front Wiper Blade Replacement To replace the front wiper blades: 1. Lift the wiper arm from the windshield until no further movement is possible.
Buick Encore Owner Manual 9234779) - 2016 - crc - 7/30/15
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Contact your dealer if service is required.
Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check { Warning
When you are doing this check, the vehicle could begin to move. You or others could be injured and property could be damaged. Make sure there is room in front of the vehicle in case it begins to roll. Be ready to apply the regular brake at once should the vehicle begin to move.
Park on a fairly steep hill, with the vehicle facing downhill. Keeping your foot on the regular brake, set the parking brake. . To check the parking brake's
holding ability: With the engine running and the transmission in N (Neutral), slowly remove foot pressure from the regular brake pedal. Do this until the vehicle is held by the parking brake only.
. To check the P (Park)
mechanism's holding ability: With the engine running, shift to P (Park). Then release the parking brake followed by the regular brake.
Contact your dealer if service is required.
Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield wiper blades should be inspected for wear and cracking. See Maintenance Schedule 0 263. Replacement blades come in different types and are removed in different ways. For proper type and length, see Maintenance Replacement Parts 0 274.
Caution
Allowing the wiper arm to touch the windshield when no wiper blade is installed could damage the windshield. Any damage that occurs would not be covered by
(Continued)
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Vehicle Care
2. Press the release button on the
3.
top side of the wiper and pull the wiper blade out of the end of the wiper arm. Install the wiper blade connector by sliding into the end of the wiper arm until the button on the wiper blade clicks into place with the wiper arm. 4. Place the wiper arm with the wiper blade in place back on the windshield.
Caution
Damage may occur if the wiper blades are not in contact with the windshield before turning on the wiper system.
Rear Wiper Blade Replacement The rear wiper blade and wiper arm have a cover for protection. The cover must be removed before the wiper blade can be replaced.
To remove the cover:
1. Slide a plastic tool under the
cover and push upward to unsnap.
2. Slide the cover toward the wiper blade tip to unhook it from the blade assembly.
3. Remove the cover. 4. After wiper blade replacement,
ensure that the cover hook slides into the slot in the blade assembly.
5. Snap the cover down to
secure.
To replace the wiper blade: 1. Lift the wiper arm away from
the windshield.
2. Push the release lever (2) to
disengage the hook and push the wiper arm (1) out of the blade assembly (3).
3. Push the new blade assembly securely on the wiper arm until the release lever clicks into place.
4. Replace the wiper cover.
Buick Encore Owner Manual 9234779) - 2016 - crc - 7/30/15
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Windshield Replacement
Driver Assistance Systems When a windshield replacement is needed and the vehicle is equipped with a front-looking camera sensor for the Driver Assistance Systems, the windshield must be installed according to GM specifications for these systems to work properly. If it is not, there may be unexpected behavior and/or messages from these systems. See Object Detection System Messages 0 118.
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211
Headlamp Aiming Headlamp aim has been preset and should need no further adjustment. If the vehicle is damaged in a crash, the headlamp aim may be affected. If adjustment to the headlamps is necessary, see your dealer.
Bulb Replacement For the proper type of replacement bulbs, see Replacement Bulbs 0 214. For any bulb-changing procedure not listed in this section, contact your dealer.
Halogen Bulbs
{ Warning
Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the bulb package.
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Vehicle Care
Headlamps, Front Turn Signal and Parking Lamps
2. Remove the headlamp bulb
access cover.
3. Turn the bulb counterclockwise
and pull straight back.
Driver Side Shown, Passenger Side Similar
1. Turn Signal Lamp 2. Low-Beam Headlamp 3. Parking Lamp 4. High-Beam Headlamp
High-Beam Headlamp/ Low-Beam Headlamp 1. Open the hood. See Hood
0 190.
4. Disconnect the wiring harness
5.
connector from the bulb. Install the new bulb in the headlamp assembly by turning clockwise.
6. Reconnect the wiring harness
7.
connector. Install the headlamp bulb access cover.
Parking Lamp 1. Open the hood. See Hood
0 190.
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2. Remove the parking lamp bulb
2. Remove the turn signal lamp
socket from the headlamp assembly by turning counterclockwise.
bulb socket from the headlamp assembly by turning counterclockwise.
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213
License Plate Lamp
4.
3. Remove the bulb from the bulb socket by pulling it straight out. Install the new bulb in the bulb socket. Install the bulb socket into the headlamp assembly by turning clockwise.
5.
4.
3. Remove the bulb from the bulb socket by pulling it straight out. Install the new bulb in the bulb socket. Install the bulb socket into the headlamp assembly by turning clockwise.
5.
Turn Signal Lamp 1. Open the hood. See Hood
0 190.
Lamp Assembly
Bulb Assembly
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Vehicle Care
To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Push the left end of the lamp
assembly toward the right.
2. Turn the lamp assembly down
to remove it.
3. Turn the bulb socket (1)
counterclockwise to remove it from the lamp assembly (3).
4. Pull the bulb (2) straight out of
the bulb socket (1).
5. Push the replacement bulb straight into the bulb socket and turn the bulb socket clockwise to install it into the lamp assembly.
6. Turn the lamp assembly into the lamp assembly opening engaging the clip side first.
7. Push on the lamp side opposite the clip until the lamp assembly snaps into place.
Replacement Bulbs
Electrical System
Exterior Lamp
Back-Up Lamp Front Parking Lamp Front Turn Signal Lamp High-Beam Headlamp License Plate Lamp Low-Beam Headlamp
Bulb
Number
921
7444NA 7444NA
9005LL
W5W LL H11 LL
For replacement bulbs not listed here, contact your dealer.
Electrical System Overload The vehicle has fuses and circuit breakers to protect against an electrical system overload. When the current electrical load is too heavy, the circuit breaker opens and closes, protecting the circuit until the current load returns to normal or the problem is fixed. This greatly reduces the chance of circuit overload and fire caused by electrical problems. Fuses and circuit breakers protect power devices in the vehicle. Replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. If there is a problem on the road and a fuse needs to be replaced, the same amperage fuse can be borrowed. Choose some feature of the vehicle that is not needed to use and replace it as soon as possible.
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Headlamp Wiring An electrical overload may cause the lamps to go on and off, or in some cases to remain off. Have the headlamp wiring checked right away if the lamps go on and off or remain off. Windshield Wipers If the wiper motor overheats due to heavy snow or ice, the windshield wipers will stop until the motor cools and will then restart. Although the circuit is protected from electrical overload, overload due to heavy snow or ice may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow from the windshield before using the windshield wipers. If the overload is caused by an electrical problem and not snow or ice, be sure to get it fixed.
Fuses and Circuit Breakers The wiring circuits in the vehicle are protected from short circuits by a combination of fuses and circuit breakers. This greatly reduces the chance of damage caused by electrical problems. To check a fuse, look at the silver-colored band inside the fuse. If the band is broken or melted, replace the fuse. Be sure to replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. Fuses of the same amperage can be temporarily borrowed from another fuse location, if a fuse goes out. Replace the fuse as soon as possible. To identify and check fuses, circuit breakers, and relays, see Engine Compartment Fuse Block 0 215, Instrument Panel Fuse Block 0 218, and Rear Compartment Fuse Block 0 220.
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Engine Compartment Fuse Block
To remove the fuse block cover, squeeze the clip and lift it up.
Caution
Spilling liquid on any electrical component on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component.
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Vehicle Care
Mini Fuses
Usage
Mini Fuses
Usage
10
11
1213
Sunroof Outside Rearview Mirror Switch Canister Vent Solenoid Not Used Electronic Brake Control Module Valve Intelligent Battery Sensor Not Used Transmission Control Module Battery Not Used Fuel System Control Module R/C/ Headlamp Leveling Rear Wiper Rear Window Defogger Not Used
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2122
23
24
25
26Outside Rearview Mirror Heater Fuel System Control Module Battery Heated Seat Module/Memory Module Transmission Control Module R/C Engine Control Module R/C Fuel Pump Not Used Fan Relay (Auxiliary Fuse Block) Not Used Ignition Coil/Injectors Washer Pump Not Used Canister Purge Solenoid/Water Valve Solenoid/ Oxygen Sensors –
The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.
Buick Encore Owner Manual 9234779) - 2016 - crc - 7/30/15
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Mini Fuses
Usage
Pre and Post/Turbo Wastegate Solenoid (1.4L)/Turbo Bypass Solenoid (1.4L) Auxiliary Heater Pump Engine Control Module Powertrain Ignition 1
Engine Control Module Powertrain Ignition 2
Mass Air Flow Sensor Left High-Beam Headlamp Right High-Beam Headlamp Engine Control Module Battery Horn Air Conditioning Compressor Clutch Front Fog Lamps27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
3536
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217
J-Case Fuses
Usage
U-Micro Relays
Usage
Fuel Pump Power Starter/Spare
HC-Micro
Relays
Usage
Starter/Pinion
Mini
Relays
Usage
Run Crank Cooling Fan Mid Powertrain Relay Cooling Fan Low
HC-Mini Relays
Usage
Cooling Fan High
10
11Electronic Brake Control Module Pump Front Wiper Blower Motor IEC R/C Not Used Not Used Starter Solenoid (Automatic Transmission), Not Used (Manual Transmission) Cooling Fan Low/Mid Cooling Fan High EVP Pinion Starter Solenoid (Automatic Transmission), Starter Solenoid (Manual Transmission)
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Vehicle Care
Auxiliary Fuse Block
Instrument Panel Fuse Block
To remove the fuse block cover, squeeze the clips and lift it up.
Caution
Spilling liquid on any electrical component on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component.
The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.
Relays
Usage
01
02
03
04
Electric Vacuum Pump Cooling Fan Control 1
Cooling Fan Control 2
Trailer (N/A)The instrument panel fuse block is on the underside of the driver side instrument panel. To access the fuses, remove the storage compartment. To remove the storage compartment, open the compartment and pull it out.
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Mini Fuses
10
11
Usage Body Control Module 1
Body Control Module 2
Body Control Module 3
Body Control Module 4
Body Control Module 5
Body Control Module 6
Body Control Module 7
Body Control Module 8
Discrete Logic Ignition Switch Sensing Diagnostic Module Battery Data Link ConnectorVehicle Care
219
Mini Fuses
Usage
12
13
14
1516
17
18
1920
21
22
Heater, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning MDL/ICS Liftgate Relay UPA Module LDW Module/Inside Rearview Mirror Adaptive Forward Lighting Module Power WNDWSW DR Rain Sensor Body Control Module Regulated Voltage Control Steering Wheel Switch Backlighting A/C Accessory Power Outlet/ PRNDL Cigar Lighter/DC Accessory Power Outlet
The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.
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Vehicle Care
Mini Fuses
Usage
S/B Fuses
23
24
25
2627
28
29
3031
3233
34Spare Spare Spare Automatic Occupant Sensing Display IPC/PTC Control/ Clutch Switch Headlamp Switch/ AFL/DC Converter Spare Transmission Control Module Battery IPC Battery Radio/Chime/ Aux Jack Display/Faceplate OnStar/UHP/DAB
S/B Fuses
Usage
Spare Spare
Relays
05
Usage Logistic Mode
Rear Compartment Fuse Block
Usage Power Window Motor Front Power Window Motor Rear Logistic Mode Relay Spare Spare Spare
Circuit Breaker
Usage
CB1
Spare
Midi Fuse
Usage
M01
PTC
Relays
Usage
01
02
03
04Accessory/Retained Accessory Power Liftgate Spare Spare
The rear compartment fuse block is behind a cover on the left side of the rear compartment. To access the fuses, remove the cover. The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.
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Mini Fuses
Usage
Mini Fuses
10
11
12
1314
15Passenger Seat Power Lumbar Switch Amplifier Trailer Socket (N/A) All-Wheel Drive Module Automatic Occupant Sensing Module Spare/LPG Module Battery Trailer Parking Lamps (N/A) Spare Spare/Side Blind Zone Alert Module Trailer Module (N/A) Nav Dock Heated Steering Wheel Trailer Socket (N/A) Spare/EVP Switch
Mini Fuses
Usage
Driver Seat Power Lumbar Switch
16
17
18
Usage Water In Fuel Sensor Inside Rearview Mirror/Rear Vision Camera Spare/LPG Module Run/Crank
S/B Fuses
Usage
Driver Power Seat Switch/Memory Module Passenger Power Seat Switch Trailer Module (N/A) A/C-D/C Inverter Battery Headlamp Washer DC/DC Source 1
DC/DC Source 2
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Vehicle Care
Relays
Usage Ignition Relay Run Relay
Wheels and Tires
Tires Every new GM vehicle has high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. See the warranty manual for information regarding the tire warranty and where to get service. For additional information refer to the tire manufacturer.
{ Warning
. Poorly maintained and
improperly used tires are dangerous.
. Overloading the tires can
cause overheating as a result of too much flexing. There could be a blowout and a serious crash. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 152.
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
. Underinflated tires pose
the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting crash could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when the tires are cold.
. Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by a sudden impact — such as when hitting a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure.
. Worn or old tires can cause a crash. If the tread is badly worn, replace them.
(Continued)
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Warning (Continued)
. Replace any tires that
have been damaged by impacts with potholes, curbs, etc. Improperly repaired tires can cause a crash. Only the dealer or an authorized tire service center should repair, replace, dismount, and mount the tires.
. Do not spin the tires in
excess of 56 km/h (35 mph) on slippery surfaces such as snow, mud, ice, etc. Excessive spinning may cause the tires to explode.
All-Season Tires This vehicle may come with all-season tires. These tires are designed to provide good overall performance on most road surfaces
and weather conditions. Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. Original equipment all-season tires can be identified by the last two characters of this TPC code, which will be “MS.” Consider installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving on snow or ice-covered roads is expected. All-season tires provide adequate performance for most winter driving conditions, but they may not offer the same level of traction or performance as winter tires on snow or ice-covered roads. See Winter Tires 0 223.
Winter Tires This vehicle was not originally equipped with winter tires. Winter tires are designed for increased traction on snow and ice-covered roads. Consider installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving on ice or snow covered roads is expected. See your dealer
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for details regarding winter tire availability and proper tire selection. Also, see Buying New Tires 0 237. With winter tires, there may be decreased dry road traction, increased road noise, and shorter tread life. After changing to winter tires, be alert for changes in vehicle handling and braking. If using winter tires: . Use tires of the same brand and
tread type on all four wheel positions.
. Use only radial ply tires of the
same size, load range, and speed rating as the original equipment tires.
Winter tires with the same speed rating as the original equipment tires may not be available for H, V, W, Y, and ZR speed rated tires. If winter tires with a lower speed rating are chosen, never exceed the tire's maximum speed capability.
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Summer Tires This vehicle may come with high performance summer tires. These tires have a special tread and compound that are optimized for maximum dry and wet road performance. This special tread and compound will have decreased performance in cold climates, and on ice and snow. It is recommended that winter tires be installed on the vehicle if frequent driving at temperatures below approximately 5 °C (40 °F) or on ice or snow covered roads is expected. See Winter Tires 0 223.
Caution
High performance summer tires have rubber compounds that lose flexibility and may develop surface cracks in the tread area at temperatures below −7 °C (20 ° F). Always store high performance summer tires indoors and at temperatures above −7 °C (20 °F) when not in
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Caution (Continued)
use. If the tires have been subjected to −7 °C (20 °F) or less, let them warm up in a heated space to at least 5 °C (40 °F) for 24 hours or more before being installed or driving a vehicle on which they are installed. Do not apply heat or blow heated air directly on the tires. Always inspect tires before use. See Tire Inspection 0 235.
Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into its sidewall. The examples show a typical passenger vehicle tire and a compact spare tire sidewall.
Passenger (P-Metric) Tire Example (1) Tire Size : The tire size is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section. (2) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification) : Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall.
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GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (3) DOT (Department of Transportation) : The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. DOT Tire Date of Manufacture : The last four digits of the TIN indicate the tire manufactured date. The first two digits represent the week (01– 52) and the last two digits, the year. For example, the third week of the year 2010 would have a four-digit DOT date of 0310. (4) Tire Identification Number (TIN) : The letters and numbers following the DOT (Department of Transportation) code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the
manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (5) Tire Ply Material : The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (6) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG) : Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. For more information see Uniform Tire Quality Grading 0 238. (7) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit : Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load.
Compact Spare Tire Example (1) Tire Ply Material : The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (2) Temporary Use Only : The compact spare tire or temporary use tire should not be driven at speeds over 80 km/h (50 mph). The compact spare tire is for emergency use when a regular road tire has lost air and gone flat. If the vehicle has a compact spare tire, see Compact Spare Tire 0 247 and If a Tire Goes Flat 0 241.
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(3) Tire Identification Number (TIN) : The letters and numbers following the DOT (Department of Transportation) code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (4) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit : Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load. (5) Tire Inflation : The temporary use tire or compact spare tire should be inflated to 420 kPa (60 psi). For more information on tire pressure and inflation see Tire Pressure 0 229. (6) Tire Size : A combination of letters and numbers define a tire's width, height, aspect ratio,
construction type, and service description. The letter T as the first character in the tire size means the tire is for temporary use only. (7) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification) : Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines.
Tire Designations
Tire Size The following is an example of a typical passenger vehicle tire size.
(1) Passenger (P-Metric) Tire : The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (2) Tire Width : The three-digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. (3) Aspect Ratio : A two-digit number that indicates the tire height-to-width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 60, as shown in item 3 of the illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 60 percent as high as it is wide.
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(4) Construction Code : A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted-bias ply construction. (5) Rim Diameter : Diameter of the wheel in inches. (6) Service Description : These characters represent the load index and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carrying capacity a tire is certified to carry. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load.
Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure : The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of
the tire. Air pressure is expressed in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch). Accessory Weight : The combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are automatic transmission, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio : The relationship of a tire's height to its width. Belt : A rubber coated layer of cords between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials. Bead : The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire : A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread.
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Cold Tire Pressure : The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch) before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Tire Pressure 0 229. Curb Weight : The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo. DOT Markings : A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production.
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GVWR : Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 152. GAWR FRT : Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 152. GAWR RR : Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 152. Intended Outboard Sidewall : The side of an asymmetrical tire that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa) : The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire : A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index : An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279
that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire.Maximum Inflation Pressure : The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall. Maximum Load Rating : The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire. Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight : The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight : The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 68 kg (150 lb). See Vehicle Load Limits 0 152. Occupant Distribution : Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall : The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that
contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire. Passenger (P-Metric) Tire : A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure : Vehicle manufacturer's recommended tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Tire Pressure 0 229 and Vehicle Load Limits 0 152. Radial Ply Tire : A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim : A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated.
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Sidewall : The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating : An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate. Traction : The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread : The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators : Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1.6 mm (1/ 16 in) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires 0 236. UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards) : A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a tire's traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are
determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading 0 238. Vehicle Capacity Weight : The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 68 kg (150 lb) plus the rated cargo load. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 152. Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire : Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard : A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle capacity weight and the original equipment tire size and recommended inflation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Vehicle Load Limits 0 152.
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Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively.
Caution
Neither tire underinflation nor overinflation is good. Underinflated tires, or tires that do not have enough air, can result in:
. Tire overloading and
overheating which could lead to a blowout.
. Premature or irregular wear. . Poor handling. . Reduced fuel economy.
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