2016 Buick Enclave Owners Manual

To remove the fuel cap, turn it slowly counterclockwise. The fuel cap has a spring in it; if the cap is released too soon, it will spring back to the right. While refueling, hang the fuel cap from the hook on the fuel door.

When replacing the fuel cap, turn it clockwise until it clicks. Make sure the cap is fully installed. If the cap is not properly installed, the malfunction indicator lamp may come on. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Check Engine Light) 0 113.

{ Warning

Overfilling the fuel tank by more than three clicks of a standard fill nozzle may cause:

. Vehicle performance issues, including engine stalling and damage to the fuel system.

. Fuel spills. . Potential fuel fires.

Be careful not to spill fuel. Do not top off or overfill the tank and wait a few seconds after you have finished pumping before removing the nozzle. Clean fuel from painted surfaces as soon as possible. See Exterior Care 0 299.

{ Warning

If a fire starts while you are refueling, do not remove the nozzle. Shut off the flow of fuel by shutting off the pump or by notifying the station attendant. Leave the area immediately.

Caution

If a new fuel cap is needed, be sure to get the right type of cap from your dealer. The wrong type of fuel cap may not fit properly, may cause the malfunction indicator lamp to light, and could damage the fuel tank and

(Continued)

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Caution (Continued)

emissions system. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Check Engine Light) 0 113.

Filling a Portable Fuel Container

{ Warning

Filling a portable fuel container while it is in the vehicle can cause fuel vapors that can ignite either by static electricity or other means. You or others could be badly burned and the vehicle could be damaged. Always:

. Use approved fuel

containers.

. Remove the container from the vehicle, trunk, or pickup bed before filling.

. Place the container on the

ground.

(Continued)

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Warning (Continued)

. Place the nozzle inside the fill opening of the container before dispensing fuel, and keep it in contact with the fill opening until filling is complete.

. Fill the container no more than 95% full to allow for expansion.

. Do not smoke, light

matches, or use lighters while pumping fuel.

. Avoid using cell phones or

other electronic devices.

Trailer Towing

General Towing Information Only use towing equipment that has been designed for the vehicle. Contact your dealer or trailering dealer for assistance with preparing the vehicle for towing a trailer. Read the entire section before towing a trailer. For towing a disabled vehicle, see Towing the Vehicle 0 295. For towing the vehicle behind another vehicle such as a motor home, see Recreational Vehicle Towing 0 296.

Driving Characteristics and Towing Tips

Driving with a Trailer When towing a trailer: . Become familiar with the state

and local laws that apply specifically to trailer towing.

. Do not tow a trailer during the

first 800 km (500 mi), to prevent damage to the engine, axle or other parts.

. Then, during the first 800 km (500 mi) trailer towing, do not drive over 80 km/h (50 mph) and do not make starts at full throttle. . The vehicle can tow in D (Drive)

but M (Manual Mode) is recommended. See Manual Mode 0 204. Use a lower gear if the transmission shifts too often.

. Turn off Park Assist when

towing.

{ Warning

When towing a trailer, exhaust gases may collect at the rear of the vehicle and enter if the liftgate, trunk/hatch, or rear-most window is open.

(Continued)

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When towing a trailer:

. Do not drive with the liftgate, trunk/hatch, or rear-most window open. . Fully open the air outlets on

or under the instrument panel.

. Also adjust the Climate

Control system to a setting that brings in only outside air. See “Climate Control Systems” in the Index.

For information about carbon monoxide, see Engine Exhaust 0 201.

Towing a trailer requires a certain amount of experience. The combination you are driving is longer and not as responsive as the vehicle itself. Get acquainted with the handling and braking of the rig before setting out for the open road.

Before starting, check all trailer hitch parts and attachments, safety chains, electrical connectors, lamps, tires and mirrors. If the trailer has electric brakes, start the combination moving and then apply the trailer brake controller by hand to be sure the brakes work. During the trip, check occasionally to be sure that the load is secure and the lamps and any trailer brakes still work. Towing with a Stability Control System When towing, the sound of the stability control system might be heard. The system is reacting to the vehicle movement caused by the trailer, which mainly occurs during cornering. This is normal when towing heavier trailers. Following Distance Stay at least twice as far behind the vehicle ahead as you would when driving the vehicle without a trailer. This can help to avoid situations that require heavy braking and sudden turns.

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Passing More passing distance is needed when towing a trailer. Because the rig is longer, it is necessary to go farther beyond the passed vehicle before returning to the lane. Backing Up Hold the bottom of the steering wheel with one hand. To move the trailer to the left, move your hand to the left. To move the trailer to the right, move your hand to the right. Always back up slowly and, if possible, have someone guide you. Making Turns

Caution

Making very sharp turns while trailering could cause the trailer to come in contact with the vehicle. The vehicle could be damaged. Avoid making very sharp turns while trailering.

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When turning with a trailer, make wider turns than normal so the trailer will not strike soft shoulders, curbs, road signs, trees or other objects. Use the turn signal well in advance and avoid jerky or sudden maneuvers. Turn Signals When Towing a Trailer The turn signal indicators on the instrument cluster flash whenever signaling a turn or lane change. Properly hooked up, the trailer lamps also flash, telling other drivers the vehicle is turning, changing lanes or stopping. When towing a trailer, the arrows on the instrument cluster flash for turns even if the bulbs on the trailer are burned out. Check occasionally to be sure the trailer bulbs are still working. Driving on Grades Reduce speed and shift to a lower gear before starting down a long or steep downgrade. If the transmission is not shifted down, the

brakes might have to be used so much that they would get hot and no longer work well. The vehicle can tow in D (Drive). Use a lower gear if the transmission shifts too often. The Tow/Haul Mode may be used if the transmission shifts too often. See Tow/Haul Mode 0 205. When towing at high altitude on steep uphill grades, engine coolant boils at a lower temperature than at normal altitudes. If the engine is turned off immediately after towing at high altitude on steep uphill grades, the vehicle could show signs similar to engine overheating. To avoid this, let the engine run while parked, preferably on level ground, with the transmission in P (Park) for a few minutes before turning the engine off. If the overheat warning comes on, see Engine Overheating 0 246.

Parking on Hills

{ Warning

Parking the vehicle on a hill with the trailer attached can be dangerous. If something goes wrong, the rig could start to move. People can be injured, and both the vehicle and the trailer can be damaged. When possible, always park the rig on a flat surface.

If parking the rig on a hill: 1. Press the brake pedal, but do not shift into P (Park) yet. Turn the wheels into the curb if facing downhill or into traffic if facing uphill.

2. Have someone place chocks

under the trailer wheels.

3. When the wheel chocks are in place, release the brake pedal until the chocks absorb the load.

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4. Reapply the brake pedal. Then

apply the parking brake and shift into P (Park).

5. Release the brake pedal. Leaving After Parking on a Hill 1. Apply and hold the brake pedal

while you: . Start the engine. . Shift into a gear. . Release the parking brake.

2. Let up on the brake pedal. 3. Drive slowly until the trailer is

clear of the chocks.

4. Stop and have someone pick

up and store the chocks. Maintenance When Trailer Towing The vehicle needs service more often when pulling a trailer. See the Maintenance Schedule 0 309. Things that are especially important in trailer operation are automatic transmission fluid, engine oil, axle

lubricant, belts, cooling system and brake system. Inspect these before and during the trip. Check periodically to see that all hitch nuts and bolts are tight. Engine Cooling When Trailer Towing The cooling system may temporarily overheat during severe operating conditions. See Engine Overheating 0 246.

Trailer Towing Three important considerations have to do with weight: . The weight of the trailer. . The weight of the trailer tongue. . The total weight on the vehicle's

tires.

Weight of the Trailer How heavy can a trailer safely be? Speed, altitude, road grades, outside temperature, special equipment, and the amount of tongue weight the vehicle can carry

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must be considered. See “Weight of the Trailer Tongue” later in this section for more information. Maximum trailer weight is calculated assuming only the driver is in the tow vehicle and it has all the required trailering equipment. The weight of additional optional equipment, passengers and cargo in the tow vehicle must be subtracted from the maximum trailer weight. Use the following chart to determine how much the vehicle can weigh, based upon the vehicle model and options.

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Vehicle

Maximum Trailer Weight

*GCWR

Front-Wheel Drive Front-Wheel Drive, V92 Trailer Towing Package All-Wheel Drive All-Wheel Drive, V92 Trailer Towing Package *The Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) is the total allowable weight of the completely loaded vehicle and trailer including any passengers, cargo, equipment and conversions. The GCWR for the vehicle should not be exceeded.

3 402 kg (7,500 lb) 4 309 kg (9,500 lb) 3 493 kg (7,700 lb) 4 400 kg (9,700 lb)

907 kg (2,000 lb) 2 041 kg (4,500 lb) 907 kg (2,000 lb) 2 041 kg (4,500 lb)

Ask your dealer for our trailering information or advice. Weight of the Trailer Tongue The tongue load (1) of any trailer is an important weight to measure because it affects the total gross weight of the vehicle. The Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) includes the curb weight of the vehicle, any cargo carried in it, and the people who will be riding in the vehicle.

If there are a lot of options, equipment, passengers or cargo in the vehicle, it will reduce the tongue weight the vehicle can carry, which will also reduce the trailer weight the vehicle can tow. If towing a trailer, the tongue load must be added to the GVW because the vehicle will be carrying that weight, too. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 191

If a weight-carrying hitch or a weight-distributing hitch is being used, the trailer tongue (1) should weigh 10-15 percent of the total loaded trailer weight (2).

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After loading the trailer, weigh the trailer and then the tongue, separately, to see if the weights are proper. If they are not, adjustments might be made by moving some items around in the trailer. Trailering may be limited by the vehicle's ability to carry tongue weight. Tongue weight cannot cause the vehicle to exceed the GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) or the RGAWR (Rear Gross Axle Weight Rating). The effect of additional weight may reduce the trailering capacity more than the total of the additional weight. It is important that the vehicle does not exceed any of its ratings — GCWR, GVWR, RGAWR, Maximum Trailer Rating or Tongue Weight. The only way to be sure it is not exceeding any of these ratings is to weigh the vehicle and trailer. Total Weight on the Vehicle's Tires Inflate the vehicle's tires to the upper limit for cold tires. These numbers can be found on the Certification label or see Vehicle

Load Limits 0 191 for more information. Do not go over the GVW limit for the vehicle, or the GAWR, including the weight of the trailer tongue. If using a weight distributing hitch, do not go over the rear axle limit before applying the weight distribution spring bars.

Towing Equipment

Hitches It is important to have the correct hitch equipment. Crosswinds, large trucks going by, and rough roads are a few reasons why the right hitch is needed. . The rear bumper on the vehicle

is not intended for hitches. Do not attach rental hitches or other bumper-type hitches to it. Use only a frame-mounted hitch that does not attach to the bumper. . Will any holes be made in the body of the vehicle when the trailer hitch is installed? If so, then be sure to seal the holes when the hitch is removed. If the holes are not sealed, dirt, water,

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and deadly carbon monoxide (CO) from the exhaust may get into the vehicle. See Engine Exhaust 0 201.

Weight-Distributing Hitches and Weight Carrying Hitches

1. Front of Vehicle 2. Body-to-Ground Distance When using a weight-distributing hitch, the hitch must be adjusted so that the distance (2) remains the same both before and after coupling the trailer to the tow vehicle.

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Safety Chains Always attach chains between the vehicle and the trailer. Cross the safety chains under the tongue of the trailer to help prevent the tongue from contacting the road if it becomes separated from the hitch. Always leave just enough slack so the rig can turn. Never allow safety chains to drag on the ground. Trailer Brakes A loaded trailer that weighs more than 450 kg (1,000 lb) needs to have its own brake system that is adequate for the weight of the trailer. Be sure to read and follow the instructions for the trailer brakes so they are installed, adjusted, and maintained properly. Because the vehicle has antilock brakes, do not try to tap into the vehicle's hydraulic brake system. If you do, both brake systems will not work well, or at all.

Trailer Wiring Harness

Basic Trailer Wiring The trailer wiring harness, with a seven-pin connector, is located at the rear of the vehicle and is tied to the vehicle's frame. The harness connector can be plugged into a seven-pin universal heavy-duty trailer connector available through your dealer. The seven-wire harness contains the following trailer circuits: . Yellow: Left Stop/Turn Signal . Dark Green: Right Stop/Turn

Signal

. Brown: Taillamps . Black: Ground . Light Green: Back-up Lamps . Red/Black: Battery Feed . Dark Blue: Trailer Brake*

*The fuse for this circuit is installed in the underhood electrical center, but the wires are not connected. They should be connected by your dealer or a qualified service center. If the back-up lamp circuit is not functional, contact your dealer. If a remote (non-vehicle) battery is being charged, press the Tow/Haul mode switch located on the center console near the climate controls. This will boost the vehicle system voltage and properly charge the battery. If the trailer is too light for Tow/Haul mode, turn on the headlamps (non-HID only) as a second way to boost the vehicle system and charge the battery.

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Electric Trailer Brake Control Wiring Provisions These wiring provisions for an electric trailer brake controller are included with the vehicle as part of the trailer wiring package. The instrument panel contains blunt cut wires above the parking brake assembly for the electric trailer brake controller. The harness contains the following wires: . Red/Black: Power Supply . White: Brake Switch Signal . Gray: Illumination . Dark Blue: Trailer Brake Signal . Black: Ground The electric trailer brake controller should be installed by your dealer or a qualified service center.

Conversions and Add-Ons

Add-On Electrical Equipment

{ Warning

The Data Link Connector (DLC) is used for vehicle service and Emission Inspection/Maintenance testing. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Check Engine Light) 0 113. A device connected to the Data Link Connector (DLC)—such as an aftermarket fleet or driver-behavior tracking device— may interfere with vehicle systems. This could affect vehicle operation and cause a crash. Such devices may also access information stored in the vehicle’s systems.

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231

Caution

Some electrical equipment can damage the vehicle or cause components to not work and would not be covered by the warranty. Always check with your dealer before adding electrical equipment.

Add-on equipment can drain the vehicle's 12-volt battery, even if the vehicle is not operating. The vehicle has an airbag system. Before attempting to add anything electrical to the vehicle, see Servicing the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle 0 74 and Adding Equipment to the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle 0 74.

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Vehicle Care

General Information

General Information . . . . . . . . . . 233
California Proposition

65 Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

California Perchlorate

Materials Requirements . . . . . 233

Accessories and

Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Vehicle Checks Doing Your Own

Service Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Engine Compartment

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Engine Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . . . 240
Automatic Transmission

Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . 241
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Engine Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Engine Overheating . . . . . . . . . . 246
Overheated Engine Protection

Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Power Steering Fluid . . . . . . . . . 248
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Brake Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Battery - North America . . . . . . 251
All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Starter Switch Check . . . . . . . . . 252
Automatic Transmission Shift

Lock Control Function Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Ignition Transmission Lock

Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Park Brake and P (Park)

Mechanism Check . . . . . . . . . . 253
Wiper Blade Replacement . . . . 253
Windshield Replacement . . . . . 254

Headlamp Aiming

Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Bulb Replacement

Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
High Intensity Discharge (HID)

Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Taillamps, Turn Signal, and

Stoplamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
License Plate Lamp . . . . . . . . . . 255
Replacement Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Electrical System

High Voltage Devices and

Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Electrical System Overload . . . 256
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . 257

Engine Compartment Fuse

Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Instrument Panel Fuse

Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Wheels and Tires

Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Winter Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Summer Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Tire Sidewall Labeling . . . . . . . . 265
Tire Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Tire Terminology and

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Tire Pressure Monitor

System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Tire Pressure Monitor

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Tire Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Tire Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
When It Is Time for New

Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Different Size Tires and

Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Uniform Tire Quality

Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Wheel Alignment and Tire

Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Wheel Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 281

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General Information For service and parts needs, visit your dealer. You will receive genuine GM parts and GM-trained and supported service people. Genuine GM parts have one of these marks:

Tire Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
If a Tire Goes Flat . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Tire Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Compact Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . 291

Jump Starting

Jump Starting - North

America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Towing the Vehicle

Towing the Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Recreational Vehicle

Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Appearance Care

Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

California Proposition 65 Warning WARNING: Most motor vehicles, including this one, contain and/or emit chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive

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harm. Engine exhaust, many parts and systems, many fluids, and some component wear by-products contain and/or emit these chemicals. See Battery - North America 0 251
and Jump Starting - North America 0 292.

California Perchlorate Materials Requirements Certain types of automotive applications, such as airbag initiators, safety belt pretensioners, and lithium batteries contained in Remote Keyless Entry transmitters, may contain perchlorate materials. Special handling may be necessary. For additional information, see www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/ perchlorate.

Accessories and Modifications Adding non-dealer accessories or making modifications to the vehicle can affect vehicle performance and safety, including such things as

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airbags, braking, stability, ride and handling, emissions systems, aerodynamics, durability, and electronic systems like antilock brakes, traction control, and stability control. These accessories or modifications could even cause malfunction or damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. Damage to vehicle components resulting from modifications or the installation or use of non-GM certified parts, including control module or software modifications, is not covered under the terms of the vehicle warranty and may affect remaining warranty coverage for affected parts. GM Accessories are designed to complement and function with other systems on the vehicle. See your dealer to accessorize the vehicle using genuine GM Accessories installed by a dealer technician. Also, see Adding Equipment to the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle 0 74.

Vehicle Checks

Doing Your Own Service Work

{ Warning

It can be dangerous to work on your vehicle if you do not have the proper knowledge, service manual, tools, or parts. Always follow owner manual procedures and consult the service manual for your vehicle before doing any service work.

If doing some of your own service work, use the proper service manual. It tells you much more about how to service the vehicle than this manual can. To order the proper service manual, see Service Publications Ordering Information 0 335.

This vehicle has an airbag system. Before attempting to do your own service work, see Servicing the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle 0 74. Keep a record with all parts receipts and list the mileage and the date of any service work performed. See Maintenance Records 0 321.

Caution

Even small amounts of contamination can cause damage to vehicle systems. Do not allow contaminants to contact the fluids, reservoir caps, or dipsticks.

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Hood To open the hood:

1. Pull the hood release handle

with this symbol on it. It is under the instrument panel on the driver side of the vehicle.

2. At the front of the vehicle, pull up on the center of the hood, and push the secondary hood release to the right.

3. After you have partially lifted

the hood, gas struts will automatically take over to lift and hold the hood in the fully open position.

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Before closing the hood, be sure all filler caps are on properly. Pull the hood down to close. Lower the hood until the lifting pressure of the strut is reduced. Then allow the hood to fall and latch into place under its own weight. Check to make sure the hood is closed. If the hood does not fully latch, gently push the hood down at the front and center of the hood until it is completely latched.

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Engine Compartment Overview

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1. Remote Negative (−) Terminal.

11. Brake Fluid Reservoir. See

Brake Fluid 0 250.

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2. Raise the engine cover (2) to release it from the retainers.

See Jump Starting - North America 0 292.

2. Engine Compartment Fuse

Block 0 257.

3. Radiator Pressure Cap (Out of

View). See Cooling System 0 242.

4. Engine Coolant Recovery Cap.

See Cooling System 0 242.

5. Remote Positive (+) Terminal.

See Jump Starting - North America 0 292.

6. Power Steering Reservoir and

Cap (Under Engine Cover). See Power Steering Fluid 0 248.

7. Engine Oil Fill Cap. See “When

to Add Engine Oil” under Engine Oil 0 237.

8. Engine Oil Dipstick (Out of

View). See “Checking Engine Oil” under Engine Oil 0 237. 9. Engine Cooling Fans (Out of View). See Cooling System 0 242.

10. Engine Cover 0 237.

12. Windshield Washer Fluid

3. Lift and remove the engine

Reservoir. See “Adding Washer Fluid” under Washer Fluid 0 249.

13. Engine Air Cleaner/Filter 0 241.

Engine Cover

1. Oil Fill Cap 2. Engine Cover

To remove: 1. Remove the oil fill cap (1).

cover.

4. Reverse Steps 1–3 to reinstall

engine cover.

Engine Oil To ensure proper engine performance and long life, careful attention must be paid to engine oil. Following these simple, but important steps will help protect your investment: . Always use engine oil approved to the proper specification and of the proper viscosity grade. See “Selecting the Right Engine Oil” in this section.

. Check the engine oil level regularly and maintain the proper oil level. See “Checking Engine Oil” and “When to Add Engine Oil” in this section.

. Change the engine oil at the

appropriate time. See Engine Oil Life System 0 240.

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. Always dispose of engine oil

properly. See “What to Do with Used Oil” in this section.

Checking Engine Oil It is a good idea to check the engine oil level at each fuel fill. In order to get an accurate reading, the vehicle must be on level ground. The engine oil dipstick handle is a loop. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 236 for the location of the engine oil dipstick. Obtaining an accurate oil level reading is essential: 1.

If the engine has been running recently, turn off the engine and allow several minutes for the oil to drain back into the oil pan. Checking the oil level too soon after engine shutoff will not provide an accurate oil level reading.

{ Warning

The engine oil dipstick handle may be hot; it could burn you. Use a towel or glove to touch the dipstick handle.

2. Pull out the dipstick and wipe it

with a clean paper towel or cloth, then push it back in all the way. Remove it again, keeping the tip down, and check the level.

When to Add Engine Oil

If the oil is below the cross-hatched area at the tip of the dipstick, add 1 L (1 qt) of the recommended oil and then recheck the level. See “Selecting the Right Engine Oil” in this section for an explanation of

what kind of oil to use. For engine oil crankcase capacity, see Capacities and Specifications 0 324.

Caution

Do not add too much oil. Oil levels above or below the acceptable operating range shown on the dipstick are harmful to the engine. If you find that you have an oil level above the operating range, i.e., the engine has so much oil that the oil level gets above the cross-hatched area that shows the proper operating range, the engine could be damaged. You should drain out the excess oil or limit driving of the vehicle and seek a service professional to remove the excess amount of oil.

See Engine Compartment Overview 0 236 for the location of the engine oil fill cap.

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Add enough oil to put the level somewhere in the proper operating range. Push the dipstick all the way back in when through. Selecting the Right Engine Oil Selecting the right engine oil depends on both the proper oil specification and viscosity grade. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 319.

Specification Ask for and use engine oils that meet the dexos1™ specification. Engine oils that have been approved by GM as meeting the dexos1 specification are marked with the dexos1 approved logo. See www.gmdexos.com.

Caution

Failure to use the recommended engine oil can result in engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. Check with your dealer or service provider on whether the oil is approved to the dexos1 specification.

Viscosity Grade Use SAE 5W-30 viscosity grade engine oil. Cold Temperature Operation: In an area of extreme cold, where the temperature falls below −29 °C (−20 °F), an SAE 0W-30 oil may be used. An oil of this viscosity grade will provide easier cold starting for the engine at extremely low temperatures. When selecting an oil of the appropriate viscosity grade, always select an oil of the correct specification. See “Specification” earlier in this section for more information.

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Engine Oil Additives/Engine Oil Flushes Do not add anything to the oil. The recommended oils meeting the dexos1 specification are all that is needed for good performance and engine protection. Engine oil system flushes are not recommended and could cause engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty. What to Do with Used Oil Used engine oil contains certain elements that can be unhealthy for your skin and could even cause cancer. Do not let used oil stay on your skin for very long. Clean your skin and nails with soap and water, or a good hand cleaner. Wash or properly dispose of clothing or rags containing used engine oil. See the manufacturer's warnings about the use and disposal of oil products. Used oil can be a threat to the environment. If you change your own oil, be sure to drain all the oil from the filter before disposal. Never dispose of oil by putting it in the

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trash or pouring it on the ground, into sewers, or into streams or bodies of water. Recycle it by taking it to a place that collects used oil.

Engine Oil Life System

When to Change Engine Oil This vehicle has a computer system that indicates when to change the engine oil and filter. This is based on a combination of factors which include engine revolutions, engine temperature, and miles driven. Based on driving conditions, the mileage at which an oil change is indicated can vary considerably. For the oil life system to work properly, the system must be reset every time the oil is changed. When the system has calculated that oil life has been diminished, it indicates that an oil change is necessary. A CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message comes on. Change the oil as soon as possible within the next 1 000 km (600 mi). It is possible that, if driving under the best conditions, the oil life system might indicate that an oil

change is not necessary for up to a year. The engine oil and filter must be changed at least once a year and, at this time, the system must be reset. Your dealer has trained service people who will perform this work and reset the system. It is also important to check the oil regularly over the course of an oil drain interval and keep it at the proper level. If the system is ever reset accidentally, the oil must be changed at 5 000 km (3,000 mi) since the last oil change. Remember to reset the oil life system whenever the oil is changed. How to Reset the Engine Oil Life System Reset the system whenever the engine oil is changed so that the system can calculate the next engine oil change. To reset the system: 1. Turn the ignition to ON/RUN,

with the engine off.

2. Press the vehicle information

button until OIL LIFE REMAINING displays.

3. Press and hold the set/reset

button until “100%” is displayed. Three chimes sound and the CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message goes off.

4. Turn the key to LOCK/OFF. If the CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message comes back on when the vehicle is started, the engine oil life system has not been reset. Repeat the procedure.

Automatic Transmission Fluid It is not necessary to check the transmission fluid level. A transmission fluid leak is the only reason for fluid loss. If a leak occurs, take the vehicle to the dealer and have it repaired as soon as possible. Change the fluid at the intervals listed in Maintenance Schedule 0 309, and be sure to use the

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transmission fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 319.

Caution

Use of the incorrect automatic transmission fluid may damage the vehicle, and the damage may not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use the automatic transmission fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 319.

The transmission fluid will not reach the end of the dipstick unless the transmission is at operating temperature. If you need to check the transmission fluid level, please take the vehicle to your dealer.

Engine Air Cleaner/Filter See Engine Compartment Overview 0 236 for the location of the engine air cleaner/filter.

When to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter For intervals on changing and inspecting the engine air cleaner/ filter, see Maintenance Schedule 0 309. How to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter Do not start the engine or have the engine running with the engine air cleaner/filter housing open. Before removing the engine air cleaner/ filter, make sure that the engine air cleaner/filter housing and nearby components are free of dirt and debris. Remove the engine air cleaner/filter. Lightly tap and shake the engine air cleaner/filter (away from the vehicle), to release loose dust and dirt. Inspect the engine air cleaner/filter for damage, and replace if damaged. Do not clean the engine air cleaner/filter or components with water or compressed air. To inspect or replace the engine air cleaner/filter:

1. Air Duct Clamp 2. Electrical Connector 3. Screws

1. Loosen the air duct clamp (1). 2. Disconnect the electrical

connector (2).

3. Remove the screws (3) and lift

4.

the cover assembly. Inspect or replace the air cleaner/filter.

5. Reverse Steps 1–4 to reinstall

the housing cover and reconnect the electrical connector to the sensor.

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{ Warning

Operating the engine with the air cleaner/filter off can cause you or others to be burned. The air cleaner not only cleans the air; it helps to stop flames if the engine backfires. Use caution when working on the engine and do not drive with the air cleaner/filter off.

Caution

If the air cleaner/filter is off, dirt can easily get into the engine, which could damage it. Always have the air cleaner/filter in place when you are driving.

Cooling System The cooling system allows the engine to maintain the correct working temperature.

{ Warning

Heater and radiator hoses, and other engine parts, can be very hot. Do not touch them. If you do, you can be burned. Do not run the engine if there is a leak. If you run the engine, it could lose all coolant. That could cause an engine fire, and you could be burned. Get any leak fixed before you drive the vehicle.

Caution

Using coolant other than DEX-COOL® can cause premature engine, heater core, or radiator corrosion. In addition, the engine coolant could require changing sooner. Any repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use DEX-COOL (silicate-free) coolant in the vehicle.

1. Radiator Pressure Cap

(Under Sight Shield)

2. Engine Coolant Recovery Tank

3. Engine Cooling Fans (Out

of View)

{ Warning

An electric engine cooling fan under the hood can start up even when the engine is not running and can cause injury. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

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Engine Coolant The cooling system in the vehicle is filled with DEX-COOL® engine coolant. See Maintenance Schedule 0 309 and Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 319. The following explains the cooling system and how to check and add coolant when it is low. If there is a problem with engine overheating, see Engine Overheating 0 246. What to Use

{ Warning

Adding only plain water or some other liquid to the cooling system can be dangerous. Plain water and other liquids, can boil before the proper coolant mixture will. The coolant warning system is set for the proper coolant mixture. With plain water or the wrong mixture, the engine could get too hot but you would not get the overheat warning. The engine

(Continued)

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Warning (Continued)

Caution

could catch fire and you or others could be burned. Use a 50/ 50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant.

Use a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant. If using this mixture, nothing else needs to be added. This mixture: . Gives freezing protection down

to −37 °C (−34 °F), outside temperature.

. Gives boiling protection up to

129 °C (265 °F), engine temperature.

. Protects against rust and

corrosion.

. Will not damage aluminum parts. . Helps keep the proper engine

temperature.

If improper coolant mixture, inhibitors, or additives are used in the vehicle cooling system, the engine could overheat and be damaged. Too much water in the mixture can freeze and crack engine cooling parts. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Use only the proper mixture of engine coolant for the cooling system. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 319.

Never dispose of engine coolant by putting it in the trash, pouring it on the ground, or into sewers, streams, or bodies of water. Have the coolant changed by an authorized service center, familiar with legal requirements regarding used coolant disposal. This will help protect the environment and your health.

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Checking Coolant The vehicle must be on a level surface when checking the coolant level. Check to see if coolant is visible in the coolant recovery tank. If the coolant inside the coolant recovery tank is boiling, do not do anything else until it cools down. If coolant is visible but the coolant level is not at or above the FULL COLD mark or the FULL COLD ISO symbol mark, add a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL coolant at the coolant recovery tank, but be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done. See Engine Overheating 0 246.

The coolant recovery tank cap has this symbol on it.

When the engine is cold, the coolant level should be at or above the FULL COLD mark or the FULL COLD ISO symbol mark on the recovery tank. When the engine is hot, the level could be higher than the FULL COLD mark or the FULL COLD ISO symbol mark. If the coolant is below the FULL COLD mark or the FULL COLD ISO symbol mark when the engine is hot, there could be a leak in the cooling system. If the coolant is low, add the coolant or take the vehicle to your dealer for service. How to Add Coolant to the Recovery Tank

{ Warning

You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Do not spill coolant on a hot engine.

Caution

This vehicle has a specific coolant fill procedure. Failure to follow this procedure could cause the engine to overheat and be severely damaged.

If recovery tank is empty, check the coolant level in the radiator before adding coolant to the recovery tank or take the vehicle to the dealer for service. See “How to Add Coolant to the Radiator” later in this section. If coolant is needed, add the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture at the coolant recovery tank. How to Add Coolant to the Radiator

{ Warning

Steam and scalding liquids from a hot cooling system can blow out and burn you badly. Never turn the cap when the cooling system, (Continued)

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Warning (Continued)

including the surge tank pressure cap, is hot. Wait for the cooling system and surge tank pressure cap to cool.

If coolant is needed, add the proper mixture directly to the radiator, but be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done. Then check the recovery tank and add coolant if needed.

2. Remove the radiator pressure cap when the cooling system, including the upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise about one full turn. If a hiss is heard, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left in the system.

3. Keep turning the pressure cap

slowly and remove it.

4. Fill the radiator to the base of the filler neck with the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture.

1. Detach the fasteners and lift off

the panel that covers the radiator cap.

5. Fill the coolant recovery tank to the FULL COLD mark or to the FULL COLD ISO symbol mark.

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6. Reinstall the cap on the coolant

recovery tank but leave the radiator pressure cap off.

7. Start the engine and let it run until the upper radiator hose feels warm. Any time during this procedure, watch out for the engine cooling fans. If the coolant level inside the radiator filler neck is low, add more of the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture through the filler neck until the level is back up to the base of the filler neck.

8.

9. Replace the pressure cap

tightly. At any time during this procedure if coolant begins to flow out of the filler neck, reinstall the pressure cap.

Caution

If the pressure cap is not tightly installed, coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured.

Engine Overheating The vehicle has several indicators to warn of engine overheating. There is an engine coolant temperature gauge on the instrument panel cluster. See Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge 0 109. The vehicle may also display an ENGINE OVERHEATED IDLE ENGINE and ENGINE OVERHEATED STOP ENGINE message in the Driver Information Center (DIC). See Engine Cooling System Messages 0 125. You may decide not to lift the hood when this warning appears, but instead get service help right away. See Roadside Assistance Program 0 330. If you do decide to lift the hood, make sure the vehicle is parked on a level surface. Then check to see if the engine cooling fans are running. If the engine is overheating, both fans

should be running. If they are not, do not continue to run the engine and have the vehicle serviced.

Caution

Running the engine without coolant may cause damage or a fire. Vehicle damage would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. See Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode 0 247
for information on driving to a safe place in an emergency.

If Steam Is Coming from the Engine Compartment { Warning

Steam from an overheated engine can burn you badly, even if you just open the hood. Stay away from the engine if you see or hear steam coming from it. Turn it off and get everyone away from the vehicle until it cools down. Wait

(Continued)

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Warning (Continued)

until there is no sign of steam or coolant before you open the hood. If you keep driving when the vehicles engine is overheated, the liquids in it can catch fire. You or others could be badly burned. Stop the engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool. See Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode 0 247
for information on driving to a safe place in an emergency.

If No Steam Is Coming from the Engine Compartment If an engine overheat warning is displayed but no steam can be seen or heard, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when the vehicle: . Climbs a long hill on a hot day.

. Stops after high-speed driving. Idles for long periods in traffic. . Tows a trailer. If the overheat warning is displayed with no sign of steam: 1. Turn the air conditioning off. 2. Turn the heater on to the

highest temperature and to the highest fan speed. Open the windows as necessary.

3. When it is safe to do so, pull off

the road, shift to P (Park) or N (Neutral), and let the engine idle.

If the temperature overheat gauge is no longer in the overheat zone or an overheat warning no longer displays, the vehicle can be driven. Continue to drive the vehicle slow for about 10 minutes. Keep a safe vehicle distance from the car in front of you. If the warning does not come back on, continue to drive normally and have the cooling system checked for proper fill and function.

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If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park the vehicle right away. If there is no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while parked. If the warning is still displayed, turn off the engine until it cools down. Also, see “Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode” next in this section.

Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode This emergency operating mode lets the vehicle be driven to a safe place in an emergency situation. If an overheated engine condition exists, an overheat protection mode which alternates firing groups of cylinders helps prevent engine damage. In this mode, there is a significant loss in power and engine performance. The temperature gauge indicates an overheat condition exists. Driving extended distances and/or towing a trailer in the overheat protection mode should be avoided.

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Caution

After driving in the overheated engine protection operating mode, the engine oil will be severely degraded. Any repairs performed before the engine is cool may cause engine damage. Allow the engine to cool before attempting any repair. Repair the cause of coolant loss, change the oil, and reset the oil life system. See Engine Oil 0 237.

Power Steering Fluid

The power steering fluid reservoir is under the engine cover on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 236 for reservoir location.

When to Check Power Steering Fluid It is not necessary to regularly check power steering fluid unless you suspect there is a leak in the system or you hear an unusual noise. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired. How to Check Power Steering Fluid To check the power steering fluid: 1. Turn the key off and let the

engine compartment cool down.

2. Remove the engine cover. See Engine Cover 0 237.

3. Wipe the cap and the top of the

reservoir clean.

4. Unscrew the cap and wipe the

dipstick with a clean rag.

5. Replace the cap and completely tighten it.

6. Remove the cap again and look at the fluid level on the dipstick.

The fluid level should be somewhere between the MAX and MIN line on the dipstick in room temperature. If the fluid is on or below the MIN line, add fluid close to the MAX line. What to Use To determine what kind of fluid to use, see Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 319. Always use the proper fluid.

Caution

Use of the incorrect fluid may damage the vehicle and the damages may not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use the correct fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 319.

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Washer Fluid

What to Use When adding windshield washer fluid, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions before use. If the vehicle will be operating in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing. Adding Washer Fluid When the windshield washer fluid reservoir is low, a WASHER FLUID LOW ADD FLUID message will be displayed on the Driver Information Center (DIC). See Washer Fluid Messages 0 132.

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Caution (Continued)

freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.

Brakes Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time when the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.

{ Warning

The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to a crash. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.

Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 236 for reservoir location.

Caution

. Do not use engine coolant

(antifreeze) in the windshield washer. It can damage the windshield washer system and paint.

. Do not mix water with

ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage the washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system.

. When using concentrated

washer fluid, follow the manufacturer instructions for adding water.

. Fill the washer fluid tank

only three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if

(Continued)

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Caution

Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair.

Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications. See Capacities and Specifications 0 324. Brake pads should be replaced as complete sets. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service may be required.

Replacing Brake System Parts Always replace brake system parts with new, approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes may not work properly. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed or parts are improperly installed.

Brake Fluid

The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with DOT 3 brake fluid as indicated on the reservoir cap. See Engine Compartment Overview 0 236 for the location of the reservoir. There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir may go down:

. Normal brake lining wear. When

new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up. . A fluid leak in the brake

hydraulic system. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed. With a leak, the brakes will not work well.

Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

{ Warning

If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged.

(Continued)

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Warning (Continued)

Warning (Continued)

Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

the loss of braking leading to a possible injury. Always use the proper brake fluid.

When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light 0 114. Brake fluid absorbs water over time. Replace brake fluid at the specified intervals to prevent increased stopping distance. See Maintenance Schedule 0 309.

What to Add Use only GM approved DOT 3
brake fluid from a clean, sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0 319.

{ Warning

The wrong or contaminated brake fluid could result in damage to the brake system. This could result in (Continued)

Caution

If brake fluid is spilled on the vehicle's painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Immediately wash off any painted surface.

Battery - North America The original equipment battery is maintenance free. Do not remove the cap and do not add fluid. Refer to the replacement number on the original battery label when a new battery is needed.

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{ Warning WARNING: Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. Batteries also contain other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer. WASH HANDS AFTER HANDLING. See California Proposition 65 Warning 0 233.

Vehicle Storage

{ Warning

Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting - North America 0 292 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.

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Infrequent Usage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery to keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger.

All-Wheel Drive Transfer case fluid does not require checking unless there is a fluid leak or unusual noise. If required, have the transfer case serviced by your dealer.

Starter Switch Check

{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

1. Before starting this check, be

1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle.

2. Apply both the parking brake

and the regular brake. Do not use the accelerator pedal, and be ready to turn off the engine immediately if it starts.

3. Try to start the engine in each gear. The vehicle should start only in P (Park) or N (Neutral). If the vehicle starts in any other position, contact your dealer for service.

Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control Function Check

{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could