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07 During your trip
Refueling
Heated oxygen sensors The heated oxygen sensors monitor the oxy- gen content of the exhaust gases. Readings are fed into a control module that continuously monitors engine functions and controls fuel injection. The ratio of fuel to air into the engine is continuously adjusted for efficient combus- tion to help reduce harmful emissions.
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Loading
Introduction The load carrying capacity of your vehicle is determined by factors such as the number of passengers, the amount of cargo, the weight of any accessories that may be installed, etc. To increase loading space, the rear seat back- rests can be folded down, see page 87. When loading the cargo area, keep the follow- ing in mind: • Load objects in the cargo area against the
backrest whenever possible.
• Unstable loads can be secured to the load anchoring eyelets with straps or web lash- ings to help keep them from shifting. • Stop the engine and apply the parking brake when loading or unloading long objects. The gear selector can be knocked out of position by long loads, which could set the vehicle in motion.
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WARNING
Power tailgate*
• Stop the engine, put the gear selector in
P, and apply the parking brake when loading or unloading long objects. • The vehicle's driving characteristics
may change depending on the weight and distribution of the load.
• A 44-pound (20 kg) object produces a force of 2,200 pounds (1,000 kg) in a head-on collision at 30 mph (50 km/h). • The cargo area and rear seat should not
be loaded to a level higher than 2 in. (5 cm) below the upper edge of the rear side windows. Objects placed higher than this level could impede the func- tion of the Inflatable Curtain.
Power tailgate closing button
Automatic opening The power tailgate can be opened automati- cally in the three ways: • By pressing and holding the
but- ton on the lighting panel until the tailgate begins to open.
• By pressing and holding the
button on the remote key until the tailgate begins to open.
• By pressing the rubber-covered button under the outer handle on the tailgate.
The taillights illuminate automatically when the automatic open function is used.
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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
CAUTION
Be sure that there is adequate space above and behind the vehicle before opening the tailgate automatically. The vehicle should not be driven or moved with the tailgate in the open position. How- ever, if the vehicle is moved with the tailgate in the open position, the automatic closing function will be inoperative until one of the following occurs: • The tailgate is closed manually • The ignition is switched off and the key
is removed for approximately 10
minutes (the tailgate will function again after restart).NOTE
If the tailgate has been opened and closed continuously too long, the automatic func- tion will be deactivated to avoid overloading the electrical system. The automatic func- tion can be used again after approximately 2 minutes. If the vehicle's battery has been discharged or disconnected, the tailgate must be opened and closed once manually to reset the system.
Programming the tailgate opening angle The tailgate's maximum opening angle can be programmed, which can be useful, for exam- ple, if the tailgate has to be opened in a garage with a low ceiling. To do so: • Open the tailgate manually, hold it at the
desired maximum opening angle and press the tailgate's closing button for at least 3 seconds. When the tailgate is released, programming is complete.
• To remove this programming, open the tail- gate manually to a higher opening angle.
Automatic closing The power tailgate can be closed by pressing
the tration) or by pressing it down.
button on the tailgate (see the illus-
NOTE
If the tailgate is pressed down e.g., by the weight of snow or strong wind, it will close automatically.
WARNING
Be sure that no one is near the tailgate when it is opened or closed automatically. The tailgate should never be obstructed in any way when it is operated.
07 During your trip
Loading
Interrupting automatic opening/closing Automatic opening or closing the tailgate can be interrupted in four ways: • By pressing the lighting panel. • By pressing the
button on the
button on the
remote key.
• By pressing the button on the lower edge
of the tailgate.
• By pressing the rubber-covered button under the outer handle on the tailgate.
If one of these actions is taken, the tailgate will stop moving. Pinch protection If the tailgate is obstructed while it is being operated, the pinch protection function is acti- vated. • If the tailgate is being opened, the electri-
cal function will be switched off and the tailgate will be released from the electrical system.
• If the tailgate is being closed, it will stop and move slightly in the opposite direction.
Operating the tailgate manually The power tailgate can be disconnected from the vehicle’s electrical system by quickly pull-
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07 During your trip
Loading
ing the outer handle twice. The tailgate can then be opened/closed manually.
Folding down the rear seat backrests The rear seat backrests can be folded down for additional loading space, see page 89.
Load anchoring eyelets
The load anchoring eyelets on both sides of the vehicle are used to fasten straps, etc., to help anchor items in the cargo area.
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WARNING
• Cover sharp edges on long loads to help prevent injury to occupants. Secure the load to help prevent shifting during sud- den stops.
• Always secure large and heavy objects
with a seat belt or cargo retaining straps.
• Always secure the load to help prevent it from moving in the event of sudden stops.
• Switch off the engine, apply the parking
brake and put the gear selector in P when loading and unloading the vehicle.
Cargo area floor rails and hooks
The floor of the cargo compartment has rails on opposite sides of the vehicle equipped with hooks for anchoring loads with straps, nets, etc.
Cleaning the rails Dirt or other small objects that collect in the rails can make moving, locking, unlocking, and removing the hooks more difficult. Objects can be removed from the rails with a vacuum cleaner, and the rails can be cleaned with a moist cloth.
Moving the load anchoring hooks
To move a hook, fold it down in the direc- tion in which its opening points. Press the hook down lightly and move it to the desired position.
Load secured in upper and lower hooks
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Loading
Fold up the hook. It will lock in place.
NOTE
There should be at least 2 in. (50 cm) between the hooks in the rail.
WARNING
Switch off the engine, apply the parking brake and put the gear selector in P when loading and unloading the vehicle.
Removing a hook
Press the hook down lightly and move the it to an opening in the rail. Pull the hook straight up.
Replace a hook in the rail in the reverse order.
• The opening on the hook closest to the rear
seat backrest should point toward the backrest.
• The opening on the hook closest to the tailgate should point toward the tailgate.
NOTE
In order to return a removed hook into a rail, it must be pressed down lightly.
Reinserting a hook
WARNING
The hooks must be installed correctly in the rail. Incorrectly installed hooks will be folded down by the strap, allowing them to move. The load will then no longer be securely anchored.
Straps for securing loads
The load-securing hooks can easily be removed, for example, to clean the rail.
To remove a hook, fold it down in the direc- tion in which its opening points.
Upper illustration: hooks correctly installed, Lower illustration: hooks incorrectly installed It is important to insert the hooks correctly in the rails. The hooks' openings should point away from each other.
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Securing loads Wrapping straps a full turn around the hooks helps keep them in place.
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Loading
NOTE
The straps should preferably be approxi- mately 1 in. (25 mm) in width.
Grocery bag holder*
Grocery bag holder under the floor of the cargo area The grocery bag holder holds shopping bags in place. 1. Open the hatch in the floor of the cargo
area.
2. Secure the shopping bags with the strap.
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• The vehicle's wind resistance and fuel con- sumption will increase with the size of the load.
• Drive smoothly. Avoid rapid starts, fast
cornering and hard braking.
Roof loads
Using load carriers Load carriers are available as Volvo accesso- ries. Observe the following points when in use: • To avoid damaging your vehicle and to
achieve maximum safety when driving, we recommend using the load carriers that Volvo has developed especially for your vehicle.
• Volvo-approved removable roof racks are designed to carry the maximum allowable roof load for this vehicle: 220 lbs (100 kg). For non-Volvo roof racks, check the man- ufacturer's weight limits for the rack.
• Never exceed the rack manufacturer's
weigh limits and never exceed the maxi- mum rated roof load of 220 lbs (100 kg). • Avoid single-point loads. Distribute loads
evenly.
• Place heavier cargo at the bottom of the
load.
• Secure the cargo correctly with appropri-
ate tie-down equipment.
• Check periodically that the load carriers
and load are properly secured.
• Remember that the vehicle's center of gravity and handling change when you carry a load on the roof.
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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
Steel cargo grid*
Installing the steel cargo grid In order to install the steel grid, the rear seat backrests must be completely folded down, see page 89 for instructions.
NOTE
• The steel cargo grid is easiest to install
by two people, and should be folded down.
Your vehicle can be equipped with a steel grid that helps prevent objects in the cargo area from moving forward into the passenger com- partment.
Folding the grid up/down Grasp the lowering edge of the grid and pull it rearward/upward, or push it downward/for- ward.
NOTE
If the steel grid is to be used with the optional cargo area cover, the grid must be folded down before the cargo area cover is put in place.
• When installing the grid, the handle
should be on the front side of the grid (see illustrations
–
).
Put the handle in the installation position, see the illustration. Press lightly on the handle in order to turn it to this position, see the arrow. Press in the piston toward the grid and press it into the attachment bracket near the ceiling.
. Press lightly as if necessary.
Turn the handle 90° shown in illustration Attach the grid 90°. Do the same on the opposite side of the vehicle.
by moving the handle
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Cargo area
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Installing the cargo grid
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
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Cargo area
Cargo area cover*
Use • Pull the cover over the cargo and hook it into the holes in the rear cargo area pillars. • To retract (roll up) the cover, release it from the holes and guide it toward the rear seat backrest.
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Installing the cover 1. Press the end piece on one side of the
cargo area cover into the retaining bracket in the side panel of the cargo area 2. Do the same on the opposite side 3. Press both sides of the cover until they . The red mark will no
click into place longer be visible.
4. Check that both ends of the cover are
securely locked in place.
Removing the cover 1. Press one of the end pieces of the cover
inward.
2. Pull the cover carefully upward and out-
ward. The other end will release automati- cally from its retaining bracket.
Folding down the cargo area cover's rear flap The cargo area cover's rear flap points hori- zontally when the cover is retracted (rolled up). To fold it down:
282
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
– Pull the flap slightly rearward past its sup-
ports and fold it down.
NOTE
On models equipped with this cover, it should be removed before a child seat is attached to the child restraint anchors.
Cargo net*
Storage compartment for the cargo net Two cassettes containing nylon cargo nets are stored in a compartment under the cargo area floor.
Attaching the cassette(s)
Using the net(s)
The two-sections of the net are attached to the rear side of the rear seat backrest. The cas- settes have different widths, and the widest section should be mounted on the right side (seen from the rear of the vehicle). 1. Fold down the rear seat backrests. 2. Align the cassette’s mounting rail above the mounting brackets on the backrest
3. Slide the cassette onto the mounting
brackets
4. Return the backrest to the upright position.
With the backrests upright The net is pulled up from the cassette and locks in position after approximately 1 minute.
Pull up the right side of the net by grasping its strap. Insert the net’s rod in the retaining bracket on the right side near the ceiling and press it forward. It will click into place. Extend the left section of the rod and insert it in the bracket on the left side of the cargo compartment. Press it forward until it clicks into place. Pull up the left side of the cargo net and secure it on the rod.
07 During your trip
Cargo area
NOTE
• The net can be fastened in the same
way if the rear seat backrests are folded down. In this case, use the retaining brackets near the ceiling, above the front seats.
• The front passenger's seat backrest can also be folded down for carrying long objects, see page 84.
Removing the cargo net cassettes 1. Retract the net(s) in the reverse order. 2. Fold the entire rear seat backrest down. 3. Slide the cassettes outward until they release from the mounting brackets.
WARNING
• When not in use, return the cassettes to
their storage compartment under the cargo area floor.
• Objects in the cargo area should be
securely anchored, even if the cargo net is correctly installed and in use.
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Cargo area
Using the cargo net with the cargo area cover
Straps for pulling up the net The cargo net(s) can also be pulled up from the backrest when the cargo area cover is pulled out. The straps for pulling up the cargo net are located at the arrows in the illustration. Follow the same procedure as for using the nets with the backrests upright.
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when driving in hot climates or hilly terrain. Use a lower gear and turn off the air con- ditioner if the temperature gauge needle enters the red range.
• If the automatic transmission begins to overheat, a message will be displayed in the text window.
• Avoid overload and other abusive opera-
tion.
• Hauling a trailer affects handling, durabil-
ity, and economy.
• It is necessary to balance trailer brakes
with the towing vehicle brakes to provide a safe stop (check and observe state/local regulations).
• Do not connect the trailer's brake system
directly to the vehicle's brake system. • More frequent vehicle maintenance is
required.
• Remove the ball holder when the hitch is
not being used.
• Volvo recommends the use of synthetic engine oil when towing a trailer over long distances or in mountainous areas.
Introduction Volvo recommends the use of Volvo trailer hitches that are specially designed for the vehi- cle.
NOTE
See page 361 for the maximum trailer and tongue weights recommended by Volvo.
• Observe the legal requirements of the
state/province in which the vehicles are
• All Volvo models are equipped with
energy-absorbing shock-mounted bump- ers. Trailer hitch installation should not interfere with the proper operation of this bumper system.
Trailer towing does not normally present any particular problems, but take into considera- tion: • Increase tire pressure to recommended full
pressure. See the tire inflation table on page 299.
• When your vehicle is new, avoid towing heavy trailers during the first 620 miles (1,000 km).
• Maximum speed when towing a trailer:
50 mph (80 km/h).
• Engine and transmission are subject to
increased loads. Therefore, engine coolant temperature should be closely watched
07 During your trip
Towing a trailer
WARNING
• Bumper-attached trailer hitches must
not be used on Volvos, nor should safety chains be attached to the bumper.
• Trailer hitches attaching to the vehicle
rear axle must not be used.
• Never connect a trailer's hydraulic brake system directly to the vehicle brake system, nor a trailer's lighting system directly to the vehicle lighting system. Consult your nearest author- ized Volvo retailer for correct installa- tion.
• When towing a trailer, the trailer's safety wire must be correctly fastened to the hole or hook provided in the trailer hitch on the vehicle. The safety wire should never be fastened to or wound around the drawbar ball.
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07 During your trip
Towing a trailer
NOTE
• When parking the vehicle with a trailer on a hill, apply the parking brake before putting the gear selector in P. Always follow the trailer manufacturer's recom- mendations for wheel chocking.
• When starting on a hill, put the gear
selector in D before releasing the park- ing brake. See also page 125 for more detailed information about starting off on a hill while towing a trailer.
• If you use the manual (Geartronic) shift positions while towing a trailer, make sure the gear you select does not put too much strain on the engine (using too high a gear).
• The drawbar assembly/trailer hitch may
be rated for trailers heavier than the vehicle is designed to tow. Please adhere to Volvo's recommended trailer weights.
• Avoid driving with a trailer on inclines of
more than 15%.
Trailer cable An adapter is required if the vehicle's trailer hitch has a 13-pin connector and the trailer has 7 pins. Use an adapter cable approved by Volvo. Make sure the cable does not drag on the ground.
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Detachable trailer hitch (accessory)
4. Slide the locking bolt through the hitch
5.
assembly/ball holder. Insert the cotter pin in the hole at the end of the locking bolt.
Ball holder
Locking bolt
Cotter pin
Hitch assembly
Safety wire attachment
Installing the ball holder 1.
If necessary, remove the cotter pin from the locking bolt and slide the locking bolt out of the hitch assembly.
2. Slide the ball holder into the hitch assem-
bly.
3. Align the hole in the ball holder with the one
in the hitch assembly.
Removing the ball holder 1. Remove the cotter pin from the locking bolt
and slide the locking bolt out of the ball holder/hitch assembly.
2. Pull the ball holder out of the hitch assem-
bly.
NOTE
A cover for the hitch assembly is also included in the kit.
Trailer Stability Assist (TSA) Trailer Stability Assist is a system designed to help stabilize a vehicle that is towing a trailer when the vehicle and trailer have begun to sway and is part of the Dynamic Stability and Traction Control system (DSTC). See page 132 for information on DSTC.
Function A vehicle towing a trailer may begin to sway for various reasons. Normally this only occurs at high speeds but, for example, if the trailer is overloaded or if the load is unevenly distributed in the trailer, there is risk of swaying at speeds
movement. If the system detects a tendency to sway, the brakes are applied individually on the front wheels, which has a stabilizing effect on the vehicle and trailer. This is often enough to enable the driver to regain control of the vehi- cle. If this is not adequate to stop the swaying motion, the brakes are applied to all of the wheels on the vehicle and on the trailer if it is equipped with brakes, and engine power is temporarily reduced. As the swaying motion begins to decrease and the vehicle-trailer have once again become stable, TSA will no stop regulating the brakes/engine power and the driver regains control of the vehicle.
between approximately 45-55 mph (70-90 km/ h). Swaying may be caused by factors such as: • The vehicle and trailer are hit by a sudden,
strong crosswind
• The vehicle and trailer are traveling on an uneven road surface or drive over a bump • Sudden movements of the steering wheel Facts about TSA • TSA intervenes at speeds above approxi-
mately 40 mph (60 km/h)
• The DSTC symbol (
) in the instru-
ment panel will flash when TSA is working
• If the driver switches off the DSTC sys-
tem's Spin Control function, TSA will also be switched off (but will be on again the next time the engine is started)
• TSA may not intervene when the vehicle and trailer begin to sway if the driver tries to compensate for the swaying motion by moving the steering wheel rapidly
How TSA works Once swaying has begun, it can be very diffi- cult to stop, which makes it difficult to control the vehicle and trailer. The TSA system continuously monitors the vehicle's movements, particularly lateral
07 During your trip
Towing a trailer
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07 During your trip
Emergency towing
Towing eyelet
Location of the towing eyelet
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Attaching the towing eyelet
Attaching the towing eyelet
The towing eyelet is located under the floor of the cargo area, with the spare tire. This eyelet must be screwed into the positions
288
NOTE
On certain models equipped with a trailer hitch, the towing eyelet cannot be screwed into the hole in the rear bumper. The towing rope should be attached to the trailer hitch instead. For this reason, the detachable section of the trailer hitch should be safely stowed in the vehicle at all times.
provided on the right sides of either the front or rear bumper (see illustration). There are two different types of covers over the openings for the towing eyelet and they have to be opened differently. • If the cover has a notch, insert a coin, etc., into the notch and pry open the edge of the cover. Open the cover com- pletely and remove it.
• If the cover has a mark along one edge or in a corner, press the mark while pry- ing out the opposite side/corner using a coin, etc. Open the cover and remove it. Screw the towing eyelet in place, first by hand and then using the tire iron until it is securely in place. After the vehicle has been towed, the eyelet should be removed and returned to its storage location. Press the cover for the attachment point back into position.
Towing the vehicle 1. With the remote key fully pressed into the
ignition slot1, press START/STOP ENGINE for approximately 2 seconds to activate ignition mode II.
2. The remote key must remain in the ignition slot2 for the entire time that the vehicle is being towed.
3. Keep the tow rope taut when the towing
vehicle slows down by applying light pres- sure on the brake pedal. This will help pre- vent jarring movements of the vehicle being towed.
4. Be prepared to apply the brakes to stop the
vehicle being towed.
WARNING
• When the vehicle is being towed, the
ignition should be in mode II (in mode I, all of the vehicle's airbags are deacti- vated). See page 83 for more informa- tion about ignition modes.
• Never remove the remote key from the ignition slot when the vehicle is being towed. For vehicles with keyless drive, the remote key must remain inside the vehicle.
• The power brakes and power steering will not function when the engine is not running. Approximately 5 times more pressure will be required on the brake pedal and the steering wheel will be considerably harder to turn.
• The towing eyelets must not be used for pulling the vehicle out of a ditch or for any similar purpose involving severe strain. Do not use the towing eyelets to pull the vehicle up onto a flat bed tow truck.
1 Not necessary in vehicles with the optional keyless drive. 2 For vehicles with the the optional keyless dirive, the remote key must be in the vehicle.
07 During your trip
Emergency towing
CAUTION
General towing precautions: • Please check with state and local
authorities before attempting this type of towing, as vehicles being towed are subject to regulations regarding maxi- mum towing speed, length and type of towing device, lighting, etc.
• If the vehicle's battery is dead, attach jumper cables (see page 116) to provide current for releasing the electric parking brake and to move the gear selector from the P position to N. If this is not possible, see page 120 for information about manually overriding the shiftlock system to move the gear selector from P to N.
• Maximum speed: 50 mph (80 km/h). Do
not exceed the maximum allowable towing speed.
• Maximum distance with front wheels on
ground: 50 miles (80 km).
• The vehicle should only be towed in the
forward direction.
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Emergency towing
Having the vehicle towed by a tow truck Call for professional help from an authorized towing company.Volvo recommends the use of flat bed equipment.
CAUTION
• The vehicle should always be towed in
the forward direction.
• Vehicles with All Wheel Drive (AWD)*
that are being towed with the front wheels off the ground should not be towed at a speed above approx. 45 mph (70 km/h) and should not be towed far- ther than 30 miles (50 km).
• If the vehicle is being towed on a flat bed
truck, the towing eyelet must not be used to pull the vehicle up onto the flat bed or to secure the vehicle on the flat bed. Consult the tow truck operator.
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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
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General information .............................................................................. 294
Tire inflation........................................................................................... 297
Inflation pressure ................................................................................. 299
Tire designations .................................................................................. 300
Glossary of tire terminology ................................................................. 302
Vehicle loading ..................................................................................... 303
Uniform Tire Quality Grading ............................................................... 305
Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires ............................................... 306
Temporary Spare ................................................................................. 307
Tire Sealing System.............................................................................. 308
Changing a wheel ................................................................................ 314
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)............................................. 317292
WHEELS AND TIRES
08 Wheels and tires
General information
Introduction Your vehicle is equipped with tires according to the vehicle's tire information placard on the B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening).
CAUTION
Some Volvo models are equipped with an Ultra High Performance tire and wheel com- bination designed to provide maximum dry pavement performance with consideration for hydroplaning resistance. They may be more susceptible to road hazard damage and, depending on driving conditions, may achieve a tread life of less than 20,000 miles (30,000 km). Even if this vehicle is equipped with Volvo’s advanced AWD or DSTC sys- tem, these tires are not designed for winter driving, and should be replaced with winter tires when weather conditions dictate.
The tires have good road holding characteris- tics and offer good handling on dry and wet surfaces. It should be noted however that the tires have been developed to give these fea- tures on snow/ice-free surfaces. Most models are equipped with "all-season" tires, which provide a somewhat higher degree of road holding on slippery surfaces than tires
1 Option or accessory on some models
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294
without the "all-season" rating. However, for optimum road holding on icy or snow-covered roads, we recommend suitable winter tires on all four wheels. When replacing tires, be sure that the new tires are the same size designation, type (radial) and preferably from the same manufacturer, on all four wheels. Otherwise there is a risk of altering the car's roadholding and handling characte- ristics.
New Tires
Remember that tires are perishable goods. As of 2000, the manufacturing week and year (Department of Transportation (DOT) stamp) will be indicated with 4 digits (e.g., 1510 means that the tire illustrated was manufactured dur- ing week 15 of 2010).
Tire rotation Your vehicle has no required tire rotation. Tire wear is affected by a number of factors such as tire inflation, ambient temperature, driving style, etc.
NOTE
• If the tires are rotated, they should only
be moved from front to rear or vice versa. They should never be rotated left to right/right to left.
• Ideally, tire rotation should be done the
first time after approximately 3,000
miles (5,000 km) and thereafter at 6,000-mile (10,000-km) intervals. Some customers find that tire rotation may help to get extra mileage from tire life. • Tire rotation should only be performed if front/rear tire wear is fairly even and tread height is above 1/16" (1.6 mm).Tire age Tires degrade over time, even when they are not being used. It is recommended that tires generally be replaced after 6 years of normal service. Heat caused by hot climates, frequent high loading conditions or Ultra Violet (U.V.) exposure can accelerate the aging process. The temporary spare1 should also be replaced
as the one being replaced. Using a tire of the same make (manufacturer) will prevent altera- tion of the driving characteristics of the vehicle.
Improving tire economy • Maintain correct tire pressure. See the tire
inflation table on page 299.
• Drive smoothly: avoid fast starts, hard
braking and tire screeching.
• Tire wear increases with speed. • Correct front wheel alignment is very
important.
• Unbalanced wheels impair tire economy
and driving comfort.
• Tires must maintain the same direction of
rotation throughout their lifetime.
• When replacing tires, the tires with the
most tread should be mounted on the rear wheels to reduce the chance of oversteer during hard braking.
• Hitting curbs or potholes can damage the
tires and/or wheels permanently.
at 6-year intervals, even if it has never been used. A tire's age can be determined by the DOT stamp on the sidewall (see the illustration). A tire with e.g., visible cracks or discoloration should be replaced immediately.
Tread wear indicator
The tires have wear indicator strips running across or parallel to the tread. The letters TWI are printed on the side of the tire. When approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) is left on the tread, these strips become visible and indicate that the tire should be replaced. Tires with less than 1/16" (1.6 mm) tread offer very poor trac- tion. When replacing worn tires, it is recommended that the tire be identical in type (radial) and size
08 Wheels and tires
General information
Summer and winter tires
The arrows shows the direction of rotation of the tire • When switching between summer and winter tires, mark the tires to indicate where they were mounted on the car, e.g., LF = left front, RR = right rear
• Tires with tread designed to roll in only one direction are marked with an arrow on the sidewall.
• Incorrectly mounted tires impair the car's
braking properties and ability to force aside rain, snow and slush.
• The tires with the most tread should always
be at the rear (to reduce the risk of skid- ding).
• Contact a Volvo workshop if you are
unsure about the tread depth.
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295
08 Wheels and tires
General information
Storing wheels and tires When storing complete wheels (tires mounted on rims), they should be suspended off the floor or placed on their sides on the floor. Tires not mounted on rims should be stored on their sides or standing upright, but should not be suspended.
CAUTION
Tires should preferably be stored in a cool, dry, dark place, and should never be stored in close proximity to solvents, gasoline, oils, etc.
WARNING
• The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo are specified to meet stringent stability and handling requirements. Unap- proved wheel/tire size combinations can negatively affect your vehicle's sta- bility and handling.
• Any damage caused by installation of unapproved wheel/tire size combina- tions will not be covered by your new vehicle warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility for death, injury, or expenses that may result from such installations.
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296
Inflation placard
08 Wheels and tires
Tire inflation
NOTE
• The placards shown indicate inflation pressure for the tires installed on the vehicle at the factory only.
• A certain amount of air seepage from the tires occurs naturally and tire pres- sure fluctuates with seasonal changes in temperature. Always check tire pres- sure regularly.
WARNING
• Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result in severe tire cracking, tread separation, or "blow-out," with unexpected loss of vehicle control and increased risk of injury.
• Under-inflated tires reduce the load car-
rying capacity of your vehicle.
Tire inflation placard
Tire inflation Check tire inflation pressure regularly. See the tire inflation table on page 299. A tire inflation pressure placard is also located on the driver's side B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening). This placard indicates the des- ignation of the factory-mounted tires on your vehicle, as well as load limits and inflation pres- sure.
• Use a tire gauge to check the tire inflation pressure, including the spare, at least once a month and before long trips. You are strongly urged to buy a reliable tire pres- sure gauge, as automatic service station gauges may be inaccurate.
• Use the recommended cold inflation pres-
sure for optimum tire performance and wear.
• Under-inflation or over-inflation may cause
uneven treadwear patterns.
When weather temperature changes occur, tire inflation pressures also change. A 10-degree temperature drop causes a corresponding drop of 1 psi (7 kPa) in inflation pressure. Check your tire pressures frequently and adjust them to the proper pressure, which can be found on the vehicle's tire information placard or certifi- cation label.
Checking tire pressure Cold tires Inflation pressure should be checked when the tires are cold. The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the sur- rounding (ambient) air. This temperature is normally reached after the vehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours.
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297
Speed ratings
168 mph (270 km/h)
186 mph (300 km/h)
Load ratings See page 300 for an explanation of the load rating on the sidewall of the tire.
08 Wheels and tires
Tire inflation
After driving a distance of approximately 1 mile (1.6 km), the tires are considered to be hot. If you have to drive farther than this distance to pump your tire(s), check and record the tire pressure first and add the appropriate air pres- sure when you get to the pump. If checking tire pressure when the tire is hot, never "bleed" or reduce air pressure. The tires are hot from driving and it is normal for pres- sures to increase above recommended cold pressures. A hot tire at or below recommended cold inflation pressure could be significantly under-inflated. To check inflation pressure: 1. Remove the cap from the valve on one tire,
then firmly press the tire gauge onto the valve.
2. Add air to reach the recommended air
pressure.
3. Replace the valve cap. 4. Visually inspect the tires to make sure there
are no nails or other objects embedded that could puncture the tire and cause an air leak.
5. Check the sidewalls to make sure there are no gouges, cuts, bulges or other irregular- ities.
6. Repeat this procedure for each tire, includ-
ing the spare.
NOTE
• If you overfill the tire, release air by
pushing on the metal stem in the center of the valve. Then recheck the pressure with your tire gauge.
• Some spare tires require higher inflation
pressure than the other tires. Consult the tire inflation pressure table on page 299 or see the inflation pressure plac- ard.
Tire ratings
Speed ratings The speed ratings in the table translate as fol- low:
Speed ratings
81 mph (130 km/h)
100 mph (160 km/h)
118 mph (190 km/h)
130 mph (210 km/h)
149 mph (240 km/h)
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298
Tire inflation pressure table The following tire pressures are recommended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to the tire inflation placard (see page 297 for its location) for information specific to the tires installed on your vehicle at the factory. Tire size
Cold tire pressure for up to five persons
08 Wheels and tires
Inflation pressure
Front psi (kPa)
36 (250)
39 (270)
61 (420)
215/65 R16
235/55 R17
235/50 R18235/45 R19 Extra load
Temporary spare tire T125/80R17
NOTE
Please consult a Volvo retailer’s Parts department for the most up-to-date speci- fications.
Rear psi (kPa)
36 (250)
39 (270)
61 (420)
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299
08 Wheels and tires
Tire designations
Information on the sidewall
10
11
12
Federal law mandates that tire manufacturers place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires (see the illustration). The following information is listed on the tire sidewall: The tire designation:
NOTE
Please be aware that the following tire des- ignation is an example only and that this particular tire may not be available on your vehicle.
1 Self-supporting run flat tires may not be available on all models
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300
1. 215: the width of the tire (in millimeters)
from sidewall edge to sidewall edge. The larger the number, the wider the tire.
2. 65: The ratio of the tire's height to its width
in percent.
3. R: Radial tire (the designation RF and the
symbol indicate that the vehicle is
equipped with optional self-supporting run flat tires1. See page 319 for more informa- tion about these tires).
4. 15: The diameter of the wheel rim (in
inches).
5. 95: The tire's load index. In this example, a load index of 95 equals a maximum load of 1521 lbs (690 kg).
6. H: The tire's speed rating, or the maximum
speed at which the tire is designed to be driven for extended periods of time, carry- ing a permissible load for the vehicle, and with correct inflation pressure. For exam- ple, H indicates a speed rating of 130 mph (210 km/h).
NOTE
The tire's load index and speed rating may not appear on the sidewall because they are not required by law.
7. M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow, AT = All
Terrain, AS = All Season
8. U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number
(TIN): This begins with the letters "DOT" and indicates that the tire meets all federal standards. The next two numbers or letters are the plant code where it was manufac- tured, the next two are the tire size code and the last four numbers represent the week and year the tire was built. For exam- ple, 1510 means that the tire was manu- factured during week 15 of 2010. The num- bers in between are marketing codes used at the manufacturer's discretion. This infor- mation helps a tire manufacturer identify a tire for safety recall purposes.
9. Tire Ply Composition and Material
Used: Indicates the number of plies indi- cates or the number of layers of rubber- coated fabric in the tire tread and sidewall. Tire manufacturers also must indicate the ply materials in the tire and the sidewall, which include steel, nylon, polyester, and others.
10. Maximum Load: Indicates the maximum load in pounds and kilograms that can be carried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tire information placard located on the B-Pillar for the correct tire pressure for your vehi- cle.
11. Treadwear, Traction, and Temperature grades: see page 305 for more informa- tion.
12. Maximum permissible inflation
pressure: the greatest amount of air pres- sure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.
08 Wheels and tires
Tire designations
08
301
B-pillar and in the tire inflation table in this chapter.
• Cold tires: The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the surrounding (ambient) air. This tem- perature is normally reached after the vehi- cle has been parked for at least 3 hours.
08 Wheels and tires
Glossary of tire terminology
Terms The tire suppliers may have additional mark- ings, notes or warnings such as standard load, radial tubeless, etc. • Tire information placard: A placard
showing the OE (Original Equipment) tire sizes, recommended inflation pressure, and the maximum weight the vehicle can carry.
• Tire Identification Number (TIN): A num- ber on the sidewall of each tire providing information about the tire brand and man- ufacturing plant, tire size and date of man- ufacturer.
• Inflation pressure: A measure of the
amount of air in a tire.
• Standard load: A class of P-metric or Met- ric tires designed to carry a maximum load at 35 psi [37 psi (2.5 bar) for Metric tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this pressure will not increase the tires load carrying capability.
• Extra load: A class of P-metric or Metric tires designed to carry a heavier maximum load at 41 psi [43 psi (2.9 bar) for Metric tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this pressure will not increase the tire's load carrying capability.
• kPa: Kilopascal, a metric unit of air pres-
sure.
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302
• PSI: Pounds per square inch, a standard
unit of air pressure.
• B-pillar: The structural member at the side
of the vehicle behind the front door.
• Bead area of the tire: Area of the tire next
to the rim.
• Sidewall of the tire: Area between the
bead area and the tread.
• Tread area of the tire: Area of the perim- eter of the tire that contacts the road when mounted on the vehicle.
• Rim: The metal support (wheel) for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upon which the tire beads are seated.
• Maximum load rating: a figure indicating
the maximum load in pounds and kilo- grams that can be carried by the tire. This rating is established by the tire manufac- turer.
• Maximum permissible inflation
pressure: the greatest amount of air pres- sure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.
• Recommended tire inflation pressure: inflation pressure, established by Volvo, which is based on the type of tires that are mounted on a vehicle at the factory. This information can be found on the tire infla- tion placard(s) located on the driver's side
08 Wheels and tires
Vehicle loading
2. Determine the combined weight of the
driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.
3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver
and passengers from XXX kilograms or XXX pounds.
4. The resulting figure equals the available
amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if the "XXX" amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb. passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1400 – 750
(5 × 150) = 650 lbs.)5. Determine the combined weight of luggage
and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual1 to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.
Permissible axle weight The maximum allowable weight that can be carried by a single axle (front or rear). These numbers are shown on the Federal/Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/ CMVSS) label. The total load on each axle must never exceed its maximum permissible weight.
Gross vehicle weight (GVW) The vehicle's curb weight + cargo + passen- gers.
NOTE
• The location of the various labels in your
vehicle can be found on page 358.
• A table listing important weight limits for
your vehicle can be found on page 361.
Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement "the combined
weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX pounds" on your vehi- cle's placard.
6.
Loads Properly loading your vehicle will provide maxi- mum return of vehicle design performance. Before loading your vehicle, familiarize yourself with the following terms for determining your vehicle's weight ratings, with or without a trailer, from the vehicle's Federal/Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/ CMVSS) label, and the vehicle's tire informa- tion placard:
Curb weight The weight of the vehicle including a full tank of fuel and all standard equipment. It does not include passengers, cargo, or optional equip- ment.
Capacity weight All weight added to the curb weight, including cargo and optional equipment. When towing, trailer hitch tongue load is also part of cargo weight.
NOTE
For trailer towing information, please refer to the section "Towing a trailer" on page 285.
1 See page 285.
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303
08 Wheels and tires
Vehicle loading
WARNING
• Exceeding the permissible axle weight,
gross vehicle weight, or any other weight rating limits can cause tire over- heating resulting in permanent defor- mation or catastrophic failure.
• Do not use replacement tires with lower load carrying capacities than the tires that were original equipment on the vehicle because this will lower the vehi- cle's GVW rating. Use only tires with the correct load carrying capacity. Consult your Volvo retailer for information.
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304
Quality grading information ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES Quality grades can be found, where appli- cable, on the tire sidewall between the tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
TREADWEAR The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified gov- ernment test course. For example, a tire gra- ded 150 would wear one and one half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and many depart signifi- cantly from the norm due to variation in driving habits, maintenance practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.
TRACTION The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test sur- faces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C
may have poor traction performance. The trac- tion grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a measure of cornering (turning) traction.
WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a measure of cornering (turning) traction.
TEMPERATURE The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a minimum level of performance that all pas- senger vehicle tires must meet under the Fed- eral Motor Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.
08 Wheels and tires
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
WARNING
The temperature grade for this tire is estab- lished for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, under- inflation, or excessive loading, either sepa- rately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and tire failure.
08
305
08 Wheels and tires
Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires
Winter driving conditions
CAUTION
Snow chains Snow chains can be used on your Volvo with the following restrictions: • Snow chains should be installed on front
wheels only. Use only Volvo approved snow chains.
• If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tires and wheels are installed and are of a size different than the original tires and wheels, chains in some cases CANNOT be used. Sufficient clearances between chains and brakes, suspension and body components must be maintained.
• Some strap-on type chains will interfere
with brake components and therefore CANNOT be used.
• All Wheel Drive models: Snow chains
should only be installed on the front wheels.
• Certain size tires may not allow the assem-
bly of snow chains/traction devices.
Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snow chain information.
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306
1 Where permitted
• Check local regulations regarding the use of snow chains before installing. • Use single-sided snow chains only. • Always follow the chain manufacturer's installation instructions carefully. Install chains as tightly as possible and retighten periodically.
• Never exceed the chain manufacturer's specified maximum speed limit. (Under no circumstances should you exceed 31 mph (50 km/h).
• Avoid bumps, holes or sharp turns
when driving with snow chains.
• The handling of the vehicle can be
adversely affected when driving with chains. Avoid fast or sharp turns as well as locked wheel braking.
Snow tires, studded tires1
Tires for winter use: • Owners who live in or regularly commute through areas with sustained periods of snow or icy driving conditions are strongly advised to fit suitable winter tires to help retain the highest degree of traction.• It is important to install winter tires on all four wheels to help retain traction during
cornering, braking, and accelerating. Fail- ure to do so could reduce traction to an unsafe level or adversely affect handling. • Do not mix tires of different design as this could also negatively affect overall tire road grip.
• Winter tires wear more quickly on dry roads in warm weather. They should be removed when the winter driving season has ended.
• Studded tires should be run-in
300 – 600 miles (500 – 1000 km) during which the vehicle should be driven as smoothly as possible to give the studs the opportunity to seat properly in the tires. The tires should have the same rotational direction throughout their entire lifetime.
NOTE
Please consult state or provincial regula- tions restricting the use of studded winter tires before installing such tires.
Spare tire The spare tire in your vehicle1 is called a "Tem- porary Spare". Recommended tire pressure (see the placard on the B-pillar or on the fuel filler door) should be maintained irrespective of which position on the vehicle the temporary spare tire is used on. In the event of damage to this tire, a new one can be purchased from your Volvo retailer.
WARNING
Current legislation prohibits the use of the "Temporary Spare" tire other than as a tem- porary replacement for a punctured tire. It must be replaced as soon as possible by a standard tire. Road holding and handling may be affected with the "Temporary Spare" in use. Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h).
CAUTION
The vehicle must not be driven with wheels of different dimensions or with a spare tire other than the one that came with the vehi- cle. The use of different size wheels can seriously damage your car's transmission.
1 Not on models equipped with the Tire sealing system.
08 Wheels and tires
Temporary Spare
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307
08 Wheels and tires
Tire Sealing System
Location
Introduction Certain models are equipped with a tire sealing system* that enables you to temporarily seal a hole in the tread surface and re-inflate a flat tire, or to adjust a tire’s inflation pressure. The system consists of an air compressor, a container for the sealing compound, wiring to connect the system to the vehicle’s electrical system via one of the 12-volt sockets, and a hose used to connect the system to the tire’s inflation valve.
NOTE
08
The tire sealing system's compressor has been tested and approved by Volvo.
The 12-volt sockets are located in the front tunnel console, on the rear side of the center console in the rear seat and in the cargo area*, see page 209.
Accessing the tire sealing system The tire sealing system is stowed under the floor of the cargo area. To access it: 1. Lift the floor hatch in the cargo area. 2. Lift out the tire sealing system.
NOTE
• The tire sealing system is only intended to seal holes on the tire’s tread area, not the sidewall.
• Tires with large holes or tears cannot be
repaired with the tire sealing system. • After use, stow the tire sealing system
properly to help prevent rattling.
WARNING
• After using the tire sealing system, the vehicle should not be driven farther than approximately 120 miles (200 km).
• Have the tire inspected by a trained and
qualified Volvo service technician as soon as possible to determine if it can be permanently repaired or must be replaced.
• The vehicle should not be driven faster than 50 mph (80 km/h) while using a tire that has been temporarily repaired with the tire sealing system.
• After using the tire sealing system, drive
carefully and avoid abrupt steering maneuvers and sudden stops.
308
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
Tire sealing system–overview
WARNING
Please keep the following points in mind when using the tire sealing system: • The sealing compound bottle (no. 8 in the illustration) contains 1) rubber latex, natural and 2) ethanediol. These sub- stances are harmful if swallowed.
• The contents of this bottle may cause allergic skin reactions or otherwise be potentially harmful to the respiratory tract, the skin, the central nervous sys- tem, and the eyes.
Precautions: • Keep out of reach of children. • Do not ingest the contents. • Avoid prolonged or repeated contact
with the skin.
• Wash thoroughly after handling. First aid: • Skin: Wash affected areas of skin with soap and water. Get medical attention
