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weather conditions such as heavy snowfall, intense light directly into the camera, dense fog, etc.
Limitations In certain situations, the BLIS indicator light(s) may illuminate even when there are no other vehicles in the area monitored by the system.
NOTE
If the BLIS indicator lights illuminate occa- sionally even when there are no other vehi- cles in the blind area, this does not indicate a fault in the system. In the event of a fault, Blind spot syst. Service required will be displayed.
The following are several examples of situa- tions in which the BLIS indicator light(s) may illuminate even when there are no other vehi- cles in the area monitored by the system.
Light reflected from a wet road surface
06
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
171
06 Starting and driving
Blind Spot Information System (BLIS)*
CAUTION
• Clean the lenses carefully to avoid
scratching.
• The lenses are electrically heated to
help melt ice or snow. If necessary, gen- tly brush away snow from the lenses.
The vehicle's own shadow against a large, light, smooth surface such as barriers between lanes on a highway
Switching BLIS on and off
Sunlight directly in the camera when the sun is low on the horizon
06
Cleaning the BLIS camera lenses In order to function optimally, the BLIS camera lenses must be kept clean. They can be wiped clean with a soft cloth or wet sponge.
BLIS button (left button in the illustration) BLIS is automatically activated when the igni- tion is switched on. The indicator lights will provide confirmation by flashing 3 times. • The system can be switched off by press- ing the BLIS button in the center console. The indicator light in the button goes out
172
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
when the system is switched off, and a text message is displayed.
• BLIS can be switched on again by pressing the button. The indicator light in the button will illuminate and a new text message will be displayed. Press the READ button, see page 61, to erase the message.
BLIS system messages Text in the display
System status
BLIS SERVICE REQUIRED
BLIS not functioning properly. Contact an authorized Volvo serv- ice technician.
BLIS CAMERA BLOCKED
BLIS camera obscured. Clean the lenses.
BLIS ON
BLIS system on
Text in the display
BLIS OFF
BLIS REDUCED FUNCTION
System status
BLIS system off
The BLIS cameras' function has been reduced due to weak or impaired data transfer between the BLIS sys- tem's cameras and the vehicle's electrical sys- tem. The cameras will reset themselves when this data transfer has returned to normal.
06 Starting and driving
Blind Spot Information System (BLIS)*
06
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
173
06 Starting and driving
Rear park assist*
Introduction
Rear park assist The park assist system is designed to assist you when driving into parking spaces, garages, etc. It utilizes four ultrasound sensors located in the rear bumper to measure the distance to a vehicle, object or a person who may be close to the rear of your vehicle.
06
WARNING
Park Assist is an information system, NOT a safety system. This system is designed to be a supplementary aid when parking the vehicle. It is not, however, intended to replace the driver's attention and judge- ment.
Function The system is activated automatically when the vehicle is started. The indicator light in the but- ton in the center console illuminates. Park assist monitors the area behind the vehicle when the engine is running and reverse gear has been selected. The distance monitored behind the vehicle is approximately 5 ft (1.5 m). The signal comes from the rear speakers. The system must be deactivated when towing a trailer, carrying bicycles in a rear-mounted carrier, etc., which could trigger the rear park assist system's sensors.
NOTE
Rear park assist is deactivated automati- cally when towing a trailer if Volvo genuine trailer wiring is used.
Activating/deactivating park assist
Park Assist button (right button in the illustration) The system is activated automatically when the vehicle is started. – Press the Park assist button on the center console to temporarily deactivate the sys- tem. The indicator light in the button will go out when the system has been deacti- vated.
– Park assist will be automatically reactiva- ted the next time the engine is started, or if the button is pressed (the indicator light in the button will illuminate).
174
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
Audible signals from the park assist system The Park Assist system uses an intermittent tone that pulses faster as you come close to an object, and becomes constant when you are within approximately 1 ft (30 cm) of an object behind the vehicle. If the volume of another source from the audio system is high, this will be automatically lowered.
Faults in the system
If the information symbol illumi- nates and PARK ASSIST SERVICE REQUIRED is shown on the information display, this indicates that the system is not
functioning properly and has been disengaged. Consult a Volvo retailer or authorized Volvo service technician.
CAUTION
In certain circumstances, the park assist system may give unexpected warning sig- nals that can be caused by external sound sources that use the same ultrasound fre- quencies as the system. This may include such things as the horns of other vehicles, wet tires on asphalt, pneumatic brakes, motorcycle exhaust pipes, etc. This does not indicate a fault in the system.
06 Starting and driving
Rear park assist*
Cleaning the sensors
Park assist sensors The sensors must be cleaned regularly to ensure that they work properly. Clean them with water and a suitable car washing deter- gent. Ice and snow covering the sensors may cause incorrect warning signals.
NOTE
If the sensors are obstructed by e.g., dirt, snow, or ice, this could result in false warn- ing signals from the park assist system.
06
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
175
General information............................................................................... 178
Tire inflation........................................................................................... 181
Inflation pressure ................................................................................. 183
Tire designations................................................................................... 184
Glossary of tire terminology.................................................................. 186
Vehicle loading...................................................................................... 187
Uniform tire quality gradings................................................................. 188
Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires................................................ 189
Tire Sealing System* ............................................................................ 190
Temporary spare................................................................................... 196
Spare tire and jack ............................................................................... 197
Wheel nuts............................................................................................ 199
Changing a wheel................................................................................. 200
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)............................................. 202176
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
WHEELS AND TIRES
07 Wheels and tires
General information
Introduction Your vehicle is equipped with tires according to the vehicle's tire information placard on the B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening).
CAUTION
Some Volvo models are equipped with an Ultra High Performance tire and wheel com- bination designed to provide maximum dry pavement performance with consideration for hydroplaning resistance. They may be more susceptible to road hazard damage and, depending on driving conditions, may achieve a tread life of less than 20,000 miles (30,000 km). Even if this vehicle is equipped with Volvo’s advanced DSTC system, these tires are not designed for winter driving, and should be replaced with winter tires when weather conditions dictate.
The tires have good road holding characteris- tics and offer good handling on dry and wet surfaces. It should be noted however that the tires have been developed to give these fea- tures on snow/ice-free surfaces. Most models are equipped with "all-season" tires, which provide a somewhat higher degree of road holding on slippery surfaces than tires without the "all-season" rating. However, for
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178
optimum road holding on icy or snow-covered roads, we recommend suitable winter tires on all four wheels. When replacing tires, be sure that the new tires are the same size designation, type (radial) and preferably from the same manufacturer, on all four wheels. Otherwise there is a risk of altering the car's roadholding and handling characte- ristics.
New Tires
Remember that tires are perishable goods. As of 2000, the manufacturing week and year (Department of Transportation (DOT) stamp) will be indicated with 4 digits (e.g., 1510 means that the tire illustrated was manufactured dur- ing week 15 of 2010).
Tire rotation Your vehicle has no required tire rotation. Tire wear is affected by a number of factors such as tire inflation, ambient temperature, driving style, etc.
NOTE
• If the tires are rotated, they should only
be moved from front to rear or vice versa. They should never be rotated left to right/right to left.
• Ideally, tire rotation should be done the
first time after approximately 3,000
miles (5,000 km) and thereafter at 6,000-mile (10,000-km) intervals. Some customers find that tire rotation may help to get extra mileage from tire life. • Tire rotation should only be performed if front/rear tire wear is fairly even and tread height is above 1/16" (1.6 mm).Your Volvo retailer can also provide guidance based on your particular driving circumstan- ces.
Tire age Tires degrade over time, even when they are not being used. It is recommended that tires generally be replaced after 6 years of normal service. Heat caused by hot climates, frequent high loading conditions or Ultra Violet (U.V)
exposure can accelerate the aging process. The temporary spare1 should also be replaced at 6-year intervals, even if it has never been used. A tire's age can be determined by the DOT stamp on the sidewall (see the illustration). A tire with e.g., visible cracks or discoloration should be replaced immediately.
Tread wear indicator
The tires have wear indicator strips running across or parallel to the tread. The letters TWI are printed on the side of the tire. When approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) is left on the
1 Option or accessory on some models
tread, these strips become visible and indicate that the tire should be replaced. Tires with less than 1/16" (1.6 mm) tread offer very poor trac- tion. When replacing worn tires, it is recommended that the tire be identical in type (radial) and size as the one being replaced. Using a tire of the same make (manufacturer) will prevent altera- tion of the driving characteristics of the vehicle.
Improving tire economy • Maintain correct tire pressure. For the tire
pressure tables, see page 183.
• Drive smoothly: avoid fast starts, hard
braking and tire screeching.
• Tire wear increases with speed. • Correct front wheel alignment is very
important.
• Unbalanced wheels impair tire economy
and driving comfort.
• Tires must maintain the same direction of
rotation throughout their lifetime.
• When replacing tires, the tires with the
most tread should be mounted on the rear wheels to reduce the chance of oversteer during hard braking.
• Hitting curbs or potholes can damage the
tires and/or wheels permanently.
07 Wheels and tires
General information
Summer and winter tires
The arrows shows the direction of rotation of the tire • When switching between summer and winter tires, mark the tires to indicate where they were mounted on the car, e.g., LF = left front, RR = right rear
• Tires with tread designed to roll in only one direction are marked with an arrow on the sidewall.
• Incorrectly mounted tires impair the car's
braking properties and ability to force aside rain, snow and slush.
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179
07 Wheels and tires
General information
• The tires with the most tread should always
be at the rear (to reduce the risk of skid- ding).
• Contact a Volvo workshop if you are
unsure about the tread depth.
Storing wheels and tires When storing complete wheels (tires mounted on rims), they should be suspended off the floor or placed on their sides on the floor. Tires not mounted on rims should be stored on their sides or standing upright, but should not be suspended.
CAUTION
Tires should preferably be stored in a cool, dry, dark place, and should never be stored in close proximity to solvents, gasoline, oils, etc.
WARNING
• The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo are specified to meet stringent stability and handling requirements. Unap- proved wheel/tire size combinations can negatively affect your vehicle's sta- bility and handling.
• Any damage caused by installation of unapproved wheel/tire size combina- tions will not be covered by your new vehicle warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility for death, injury, or expenses that may result from such installations.
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180
Inflation placard
NOTE
The placards shown indicate inflation pres- sure for the tires installed on the car at the factory only.
Use a tire gauge to check the tire inflation pres- sure, including the spare, at least once a month and before long trips. You are strongly urged to buy a reliable tire pressure gauge, as auto- matic service station gauges may be inaccu- rate. Use the recommended cold inflation pressure for optimum tire performance and wear. Under-inflation or over-inflation may cause uneven treadwear patterns.
WARNING
• Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result in severe tire cracking, tread separation, or "blowout," with unexpected loss of vehicle control and increased risk of injury.
• Under-inflated tires reduce the load car-
rying capacity of your vehicle.
When weather temperature changes occur, tire inflation pressures also change. A 10-degree temperature drop causes a corresponding drop of 1 psi (7 kPa) in inflation pressure. Check
Tire inflation placard Check tire inflation pressure regularly. Tables listing the recommended inflation pres- sure for your vehicle can be found beginning on page 183. A tire inflation pressure placard is also located on the driver's side B-pillar (the structural member at the side of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening). This plac- ard indicates the designation of the factory- mounted tires on your vehicle, as well as load limits and inflation pressure.
07 Wheels and tires
Tire inflation
your tire pressures frequently and adjust them to the proper pressure, which can be found on the vehicle's tire information placard or certifi- cation label.
Checking tire pressure
Cold tires Inflation pressure should be checked when the tires are cold. The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the sur- rounding (ambient) air. This temperature is normally reached after the car has been parked for at least 3 hours. After driving a distance of approximately 1 mile (1.6 km), the tires are considered to be hot. If you have to drive farther than this distance to pump your tire(s), check and record the tire pressure first and add the appropriate air pres- sure when you get to the pump. If checking tire pressure when the tire is hot, never "bleed" or reduce air pressure. The tires are hot from driving and it is normal for pres- sures to increase above recommended cold pressures. A hot tire at or below recommended cold inflation pressure could be significantly under-inflated.
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181
Load ratings See page 184 for an explanation of the load rating on the sidewall of the tire.
Speed ratings The speed ratings in the tables translate as fol- lows:
Speed ratings
81 mph (130 km/h)
100 mph (160 km/h)
118 mph (190 km/h)
130 mph (210 km/h)
149 mph (240 km/h)
168 mph (270 km/h)
186 mph (300 km/h)
07 Wheels and tires
Tire inflation
To check inflation pressure: 1. Remove the cap from the valve on one tire,
then firmly press the tire gauge onto the valve.
2. Add air to reach the recommended air
pressure
3. Replace the valve cap. 4. Visually inspect the tires to make sure there
are no nails or other objects embedded that could puncture the tire and cause an air leak.
5. Check the sidewalls to make sure there are no gouges, cuts, bulges or other irregular- ities.
6. Repeat this procedure for each tire, includ-
ing the spare.
NOTE
• If you overfill the tire, release air by
pushing on the metal stem in the center of the valve. Then recheck the pressure with your tire gauge.
• Some spare tires require higher inflation
pressure than the other tires. Consult the tire inflation tables, see page 183, or see the inflation pressure placard.
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182
07 Wheels and tires
Inflation pressure
Tire inflation pressure table The following tire pressures are recommended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to the tire infla-
tion placard (see page 181 for its location) for information specific to the tires installed on your vehicle at the factory.
Tire size
Cold tire pressure up to four persons psi (kPa)
205/55 R16 91V
205/50 R17 Extra load 215/45 R18 Extra load A
Temporary spare tire T125/85R16
Front psi (kPa)
32 (220)
35 (240)
61 (420)
A Tires of this type may not be mounted on vehicles equipped with the optional self-leveling system.
NOTE
Please consult a Volvo retailer’s Parts department for the most up-to-date speci- fications.
Rear psi (kPa)
32 (220)
35 (240)
61 (420)
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183
07 Wheels and tires
Tire designations
Tire designations
10
11
12
Federal law mandates that tire manufacturers place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires (see the illustration). The following information is listed on the tire sidewall: The tire designation:
215: The width of the tire (in millimeters) from sidewall edge to sidewall edge. The larger the number, the wider the tire. 65: The ratio of the tire's height to its width in percent. R: Radial tire (the designation RF and the
symbol indicate that the vehicle is
equipped with optional self-supporting run flat tires1 See page 204 for more informa- tion about these tires). 15: The diameter of the wheel rim (in inches). 95: The tire's load index. In this example, a load index of 95 equals a maximum load of 1521 lbs (690 kg). H: The tire's speed rating, or the maximum speed at which the tire is designed to be driven for extended periods of time, carry- ing a permissible load for the vehicle, and with correct inflation pressure. For exam- ple, H indicates a speed rating of 130 mph (210 km/h).
07
NOTE
Please be aware that the following tire des- ignation is an example only and that this particular tire may not be available on your vehicle.
NOTE
The tire's load index and speed rating may not appear on the sidewall because they are not required by law.
1 Self-supporting run flat tires may not be available on all models.
184
M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow, AT = All Terrain, AS = All Season U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN): This begins with the letters "DOT" and indicates that the tire meets all federal standards. The next two numbers or letters are the plant code where it was manufac- tured, the next two are the tire size code and the last four numbers represent the week and year the tire was built. For exam- ple, 1510 means that the tire was manu- factured during week 15 of 2010. The num- bers in between are marketing codes used at the manufacturer's discretion. This infor- mation helps a tire manufacturer identify a tire for safety recall purposes. Tire Ply Composition and Material Used: Indicates the number of plies indi- cates or the number of layers of rubber- coated fabric in the tire tread and sidewall. Tire manufacturers also must indicate the ply materials in the tire and the sidewall, which include steel, nylon, polyester, and others.
Maximum Load: Indicates the maximum load in pounds and kilograms that can be carried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tire information placard located on the B-Pillar or the driver's door for the correct tire pres- sure for your vehicle. Treadwear, Traction, and Temperature grades: See page 188 for more informa- tion. Maximum permissible inflation pres- sure: The greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.
The tire suppliers may have additional mark- ings, notes or warnings such as standard load, radial tubeless, etc.
07 Wheels and tires
Tire designations
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185
as the surrounding (ambient) air. This tem- perature is normally reached after the car has been parked for at least 3 hours.
Properly loading your vehicle will provide maxi- mum return of vehicle design performance.
07 Wheels and tires
Glossary of tire terminology
Terminology • Tire information placard: A placard
showing the OE (Original Equipment) tire sizes, recommended inflation pressure, and the maximum weight the vehicle can carry.
• Tire Identification Number (TIN): A num- ber on the sidewall of each tire providing information about the tire brand and man- ufacturing plant, tire size and date of man- ufacturer.
• Inflation pressure: A measure of the
amount of air in a tire.
• Standard load: A class of P-metric or Met- ric tires designed to carry a maximum load at 35 psi [37 psi (2.5 bar) for Metric tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this pressure will not increase the tires load carrying capability.
• Extra load: A class of P-metric or Metric tires designed to carry a heavier maximum load at 41 psi [43 psi (2.9 bar) for Metric tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this pressure will not increase the tires load carrying capability.
• kPa: Kilopascal, a metric unit of air pres-
sure.
• PSI: Pounds per square inch, a standard
unit of air pressure.
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186
• B-pillar: The structural member at the side
of the vehicle behind the front door.
• Bead area of the tire: Area of the tire next
to the rim.
• Sidewall of the tire: Area between the
bead area and the tread.
• Tread area of the tire: Area of the perim- eter of the tire that contacts the road when mounted on the vehicle.
• Rim: The metal support (wheel) for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upon which the tire beads are seated.
• Maximum load rating: a figure indicating
the maximum load in pounds and kilo- grams that can be carried by the tire. This rating is established by the tire manufac- turer.
• Maximum permissible inflation pres-
sure: the greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.
• Recommended tire inflation pressure: inflation pressure, established by Volvo, which is based on the type of tires that are mounted on a vehicle at the factory. This information can be found on the tire infla- tion placard(s) located on the driver's side B-pillar and in the tire inflation table in this chapter.
• Cold tires: The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature
Loading the vehicle Before loading your vehicle, familiarize yourself with the following terms for determining your vehicle's weight ratings, with or without a trailer, from the vehicle's Federal/Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/ CMVSS) label, and the vehicle's tire informa- tion placard:
Curb weight The weight of the vehicle including a full tank of fuel and all standard equipment. It does not include passengers, cargo, or optional equip- ment.
Capacity weight All weight added to the curb weight, including cargo and optional equipment. When towing, trailer hitch tongue load is also part of cargo weight.
Permissible axle weight The maximum allowable weight that can be carried by a single axle (front or rear). These numbers are shown on the Federal/Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/ CMVSS) label. The total load on each axle must never exceed its maximum permissible weight.
Gross vehicle weight (GVW) The vehicle's curb weight + cargo + passen- gers.
NOTE
• The location of the various labels in your
vehicle can be found on page 272.
• A table listing important weight limits for
your vehicle can be found on page 275.
Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement "the combined
weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX pounds" on your vehi- cle's placard.
2. Determine the combined weight of the
driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.
3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver
and passengers from XXX kilograms or XXX pounds.
4. The resulting figure equals the available
amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if the "XXX" amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lbs. passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1400–750 (5×150) = 650 lbs.)
07 Wheels and tires
Vehicle loading
5. Determine the combined weight of luggage
and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4.
WARNING
• Exceeding the permissible axle weight,
gross vehicle weight, or any other weight rating limits can cause tire over- heating resulting in permanent defor- mation or catastrophic failure.
• Do not use replacement tires with lower load carrying capacities than the tires that were original equipment on the vehicle because this will lower the vehi- cle's GVW rating. Use only tires with the correct load carrying capacity. Consult your Volvo retailer for information.
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187
WARNING
The temperature grade for this tire is estab- lished for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, under- inflation, or excessive loading, either sepa- rately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and tire failure.
07 Wheels and tires
Uniform tire quality gradings
Uniform tire quality gradings ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES Quality grades can be found, where appli- cable, on the tire sidewall between the tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
TREADWEAR The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified gov- ernment test course. For example, a tire gra- ded 150 would wear one and one half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and many depart signifi- cantly from the norm due to variation in driving habits, maintenance practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.
TRACTION The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test sur-
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188
faces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance. The trac- tion grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a measure of cornering (turning) traction.
WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a measure of cornering (turning) traction.
TEMPERATURE The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a minimum level of performance that all pas- senger vehicle tires must meet under the Fed- eral Motor Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.
07 Wheels and tires
Snow chains, snow tires, studded tires
Snow chains Snow chains can be used on your Volvo with the following restrictions: • Snow chains should be installed on front
wheels only. Use only Volvo approved snow chains.
• If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tires and wheels are installed and are of a size different than the original tires and wheels, chains in some cases CANNOT be used. Sufficient clearances between chains and brakes, suspension and body components must be maintained.
• Some strap-on type chains will interfere
with brake components and therefore CANNOT be used.
• Certain size tires may not allow the assem-
bly of snow chains/traction devices.
Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snow chain information.
CAUTION
• Check local regulations regarding the use of snow chains before installing.
• Always follow the chain manufacturer's installation instructions carefully. Install chains as tightly as possible and retighten periodically.
• Never exceed the chain manufacturer's specified maximum speed limit. (Under no circumstances should you exceed 31 mph (50 km/h).
• Avoid bumps, holes or sharp turns
when driving with snow chains.
• The handling of the vehicle can be
adversely affected when driving with chains. Avoid fast or sharp turns as well as locked wheel braking.
Snow tires, studded tires
Tires for winter use: • Owners who live in or regularly commute through areas with sustained periods of snow or icy driving conditions are strongly advised to fit suitable winter tires to help retain the highest degree of traction.
• It is important to install winter tires on all four wheels to help retain traction during cornering, braking, and accelerating. Fail-
ure to do so could reduce traction to an unsafe level or adversely affect handling. • Do not mix tires of different design as this could also negatively affect overall tire road grip.
• Winter tires wear more quickly on dry roads in warm weather. They should be removed when the winter driving season has ended.
• Studded tires should be run-in
300–600 miles (500–1000 km) during which the car should be driven as smoothly as possible to give the studs the opportu- nity to seat properly in the tires. The tires should have the same rotational direction throughout their entire lifetime.
NOTE
Please consult state or provincial regula- tions restricting the use of studded winter tires before installing such tires.
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189
07 Wheels and tires
Tire Sealing System*
Introduction
Location of the tire sealing system Certain models are equipped with a tire sealing system that enables you to temporarily seal a hole in the tread surface and re-inflate a flat tire, or to adjust a tire’s inflation pressure. The system consists of an air compressor, a container for the sealing compound, wiring to connect the system to the vehicle’s electrical system via one of the 12-volt sockets, and a hose used to connect the system to the tire’s inflation valve.
07
NOTE
The tire sealing system's compressor has been tested and approved by Volvo.
The 12-volt sockets are located in the front tunnel console and on the rear side of the tun- nel console, in the rear seat.
Accessing the tire sealing system The tire sealing system is stowed under the floor of the cargo area. To access it: 1. Lift the floor hatch in the cargo area. 2. Remove the screw holding the tire sealing
system's retaining bracket.
3. Lift out the tire sealing system.
NOTE
• The tire sealing system is only intended to seal holes on the tire’s tread area, not the sidewall.
WARNING
• After using the tire sealing system, the vehicle should not be driven farther than approximately 120 miles (200 km).
• Have the tire inspected by a trained and
qualified Volvo service technician as soon as possible to determine if it can be permanently repaired or must be replaced.
• The vehicle should not be driven faster than 50 mph (80 km/h) while using a tire that has been temporarily repaired with the tire sealing system.
• After using the tire sealing system, drive
carefully and avoid abrupt steering maneuvers and sudden stops.
• Tires with large holes or tears cannot be
repaired with the tire sealing system. • After use, stow the tire sealing system
properly to help prevent rattling.
190
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
Stowing the tire sealing system
Tire sealing system–overview
WARNING
07 Wheels and tires
Tire Sealing System*
1. Return the tire sealing system to its storage
position.
2. Put the retaining bracket in its proper posi-
tion.
3. Tighten the screw that holds the bracket in
place.
Be sure the bracket is correctly installed and the screw tightened to help keep the tire seal- ing system from rattling.
Speed limit sticker
On/Off switch
Electrical wire
Bottle holder (orange cover)
Protective hose cover
Air release knob
Hose
Bottle with sealing compound
Air pressure gauge
Please keep the following points in mind when using the tire sealing system: • The sealing compound bottle (no. 8 in the illustration) contains 1) rubber latex, natural and 2) ethanediol. These sub- stances are harmful if swallowed.
• The contents of this bottle may cause allergic skin reactions or otherwise be potentially harmful to the respiratory tract, the skin, the central nervous sys- tem, and the eyes.
Precautions: • Keep out of reach of children. • Do not ingest the contents. • Avoid prolonged or repeated contact
with the skin.
• Wash thoroughly after handling. First aid: • Skin: Wash affected areas of skin with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.
• Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.
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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
191
07 Wheels and tires
Tire Sealing System*
• Inhalation: Move the exposed person to fresh air. If irritation persists, get medi- cal attention.
• Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting
unless directed to do so by medical per- sonnel. Get medical attention.
• Disposal: Dispose of this material and its container to a hazardous or special waste collection point.
NOTE
Do not break the seal on the bottle. This occurs automatically when the bottle is screwed into the holder.
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Tire sealing system–temporarily repairing a flat tire
Temporarily repairing a flat tire is done in two stages: • Stage 1: The hole is sealed by pumping sealing compound into the tire. The car is then driven a short distance to distribute the sealing compound in the tire.
NOTE
Do not remove any foreign objects (nails, etc.) from the tire before using the sealing system.
• Stage 2: The tire’s inflation pressure is
checked and adjusted if necessary.
WARNING
• Never leave the tire sealing system
unattended when it is operating.
• Keep the tire sealing system away from
children.
• Be sure the vehicle is parked safely off the road and away from moving traffic.
• Apply the parking brake.
Stage 1: Sealing the hole 1. Open the cover on the tire sealing kit. 2. Peel off the speed limit sticker and affix it to the steering wheel hub where it will be clearly visible to the driver.
3. Ensure that the on/off switch is in posi-
tion 0 (the 0 side of the switch should be pressed down).
4. Put on the gloves included in the tire seal-
ing system.
WARNING
Contact with the sealing compound may cause skin irritation. If contact occurs, wash the affected area immediately with soap and water.
192
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
07 Wheels and tires
Tire Sealing System*
5. Unscrew the orange cover over the bottle holder and unscrew the cap on the bottle of sealing compound.
NOTE
Do not break the seal on the bottle. This occurs automatically when the bottle is screwed into the holder.
6. Screw the bottle into the bottle holder.
WARNING
The bottle is equipped with a catch to keep it securely in place and help prevent sealing compound leakage. Once in place, the bot- tle cannot be unscrewed. This must be done by a trained and qualified Volvo service technician.
7. Remove the valve cap from the tire’s infla-
tion valve and screw the tire sealing sys- tem’s hose connector onto the valve as tightly as possible by hand.
8. Connect the electrical wire to the nearest
12-volt socket in the vehicle.
NOTE
NOTE
Be sure that none of the other 12-volt sock- ets is being used while the compressor is in operation.
9. Start the vehicle’s engine. 10. Start the tire sealing system’s compressor by pressing the on/off switch to position I.
WARNING
• Never stand next to the tire being inflated
when the compressor is in operation.
• If cracks, bubbles, etc. form on the tire, switch off the compressor immediately. • If there is visible damage to the sidewall
or the rim, the tire cannot be repaired. The vehicle should not be driven if this occurs. Contact a towing service or Volvo On Call Roadside Assistance if applicable.
The air pressure gauge will temporarily show an increase in pressure to approxi- mately 88 psi (6 bar) while the sealing com- pound is being pumped into the tire. The pressure should return to a normal level after approximately 30 seconds.
11. Within seven minutes, inflate the tire to
between 22—44 psi (1.8—3.0 bar). Switch off the compressor briefly to get a clear reading from the pressure gauge.
CAUTION
The compressor should not be used for more than 10 minutes at a time to avoid overheating.
WARNING
If the pressure remains below 22 psi (1.8 bar) after approximately seven minutes, turn off the compressor. In this case, the hole is too large to be sealed and the vehicle should not be driven.
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12. Switch off the compressor and disconnect the electrical wire from the 12-volt socket.
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
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07 Wheels and tires
Tire Sealing System*
13. Unscrew the hose from the tire’s inflation
valve and reinstall the valve cap.
14. Immediately drive the vehicle for approxi- mately 2 miles (3 km) at a maximum speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) to distribute the seal- ing compound in the tire.
CAUTION
If your vehicle is equipped with the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), the use of the sealing compound may lead to incorrect tire pressure readings or in rare cases, damage to the tire pressure sensor. Use the tire sealing system to check and adjust the damaged tire's inflation pressure.
NOTE
• Safely stow the tire sealing system in a convenient place as it will soon be used again to check the tire’s inflation pres- sure.
• The empty bottle of sealing compound
cannot be removed from the bottle holder. Consult a trained and qualified Volvo service technician to have the bottle removed and properly disposed of.
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Replacing the sealing compound container The sealing compound container must be replaced if: • the tire sealing system has been used to
repair a tire
• the container’s expiration date has passed
(see the date on decal).
NOTE
• After use, the sealing compound bottle,
the hose, and certain other system components must be replaced. Please consult your Volvo retailer for replace- ment parts.
• If the sealing compound bottle’s expi- ration date has passed, please take it to a Volvo retailer or a recycling station that can properly dispose of harmful substances.
WARNING
If heavy vibrations, unsteady steering behavior, or noises should occur while driv- ing, reduce speed and park the vehicle in a safe place. Recheck the tire for bumps, cracks, or other visible damage, and recheck its inflation pressure. If the pressure is below 19 psi (1.3 bar), do not continue driving. Have the vehicle towed to a trained and qualified Volvo service technician.
Stage 2: Checking inflation pressure 1. Connect the tire sealing system as descri-
bed in stage 1.
2. Refer to the inflation pressure table for the correct inflation pressure. If the tire needs to be inflated, start the tire sealing system’s compressor. If necessary, release air from the tire by turning the air release knob counterclockwise.
CAUTION
The compressor should not be used for more than 10 minutes at a time to avoid overheating.
WARNING
If you interrupt your trip for more than 1
hour, check the inflation pressure in the damaged tire again before continuing.194
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
Inflating tires The tire sealing system can be used to inflate the tires. To do so: 1. Park the car in a safe place. 2. The compressor should be switched off. Ensure that the on/off switch is in posi- tion 0 (the 0 side of the switch should be pressed down).
3. Take out the electrical wire and hose. 4. Remove the valve cap from the tire’s infla-
tion valve and screw the hose connector onto the valve as tightly as possible by hand.
5. Connect the electrical wire to the nearest
12-volt socket in the vehicle.
6. Start the vehicle’s engine.
WARNING
• The vehicle’s engine should be running when the tire sealing system is used to avoid battery drain. Therefore, be sure the vehicle is parked in a well ventilated place, or outdoors, before using the sys- tem. The parking brake should be securely applied and on models with an automatic transmission, the gear selec- tor should be in the P (park) position.
• Children should never be left unattended in the vehicle when the engine is running.
7. Check the tire’s inflation pressure on the
gauge. Switch off the compressor briefly to get a clear reading from the pressure gauge.
8. Refer to the tire inflation table for the cor- rect inflation pressure. If the tire needs to be inflated, start the tire sealing system’s compressor (press the on/off switch to position I). If necessary, release air from the tire by turning the air release knob coun- terclockwise.
CAUTION
The compressor should not be used for more than 10 minutes at a time to avoid overheating.
07 Wheels and tires
Tire Sealing System*
9. Turn off the compressor (press the on/off switch to position 0) when the correct infla- tion pressure has been reached.
10. Unscrew the hose from the tire’s inflation
valve and reinstall the valve cap.
11. Disconnect the electrical wire from the
12-volt socket.
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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
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07 Wheels and tires
Temporary spare
Temporary spare The spare tire in your vehicle1 is called a "Tem- porary Spare". Recommended tire pressure (see the placard on the B-pillar or on the fuel filler door) should be maintained irrespective of which position on the car the temporary spare tire is used. In the event of damage to this tire, a new one can be purchased from your Volvo retailer.
WARNING
Current legislation prohibits the use of the "Temporary Spare" tire other than as a tem- porary replacement for a punctured tire. It must be replaced as soon as possible by a standard tire. Road holding and handling may be affected with the "Temporary Spare" in use. Do not exceed a speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) with the "Temporary Spare" in use.
CAUTION
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The car must not be driven with wheels of different dimensions or with a spare tire other than the one that came with the car. The use of different size wheels can seri- ously damage your car's transmission.
1 Not on models equipped with the Tire sealing system.
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Accessing the spare tire1 and jack
07 Wheels and tires
Spare tire and jack
Location of the spare wheel and tools
Lug wrench
Jack
Spare tire (stored with the outer side of the rim downward)
The spare tire, jack and lug wrench are located in a storage compartment under the floor of the cargo area. The spare tire is held in place by a retaining screw.
1 Only on models not equipped with the Tire Sealing System
Taking out the spare tire 1. Lift the rear edge of the floor in the cargo
area.
2. Unscrew the spare tire's retaining screw
and lift out the spare tire.
3. Release the strap holding the jack in place and lift them out of their storage compart- ments.
Returning the jack, tools and spare tire to the storage compartment 1. Crank down the jack completely, fold the
crank and return them to their storage compartments.
2. Tighten the strap holding the jack in place. 3. Put the wheel in the storage compartment
with the outer side of the rim downward.
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4. Tighten the retaining screw.
``
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07 Wheels and tires
Spare tire and jack
WARNING
The jack and any tools should always be returned to their proper storage compart- ments after use to help keep them securely in place in the event of sudden braking, etc.
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198
Wheel nuts
Low nut
High nut
Lockable wheel nuts
Three different types of wheel nuts may be used on your vehicle, depending on whether the wheels are steel or aluminum. Tightening torques: • Type 1 wheel nuts: 81 ft. lbs. (110 Nm) • Type 2 wheel nuts: 96 ft. lbs. (130 Nm) • Type 3 Lockable wheel nuts: 81 ft. lbs.
(110 Nm)
Steel rims – type 1 wheel nuts Steel rims are normally secured using type 1
wheel nuts, although these rims may also be secured with type 2 nuts.WARNING
Never use type 1 wheel nuts for aluminum wheels. This could cause the wheel to come loose.
Aluminum wheels – type 2 wheel nuts Only type 2 wheel nuts can be used for alumi- num wheels.
NOTE
These nuts can also be used on steel wheels.
Lockable wheel nut (3) If steel wheels with lockable wheel nuts are used in combination with wheel covers, the lockable wheel nut must be fitted to the stud nearest the air valve. The wheel cover cannot otherwise be installed on the wheel.
07 Wheels and tires
Wheel nuts
07
199
07 Wheels and tires
Changing a wheel
Removing the wheel See page 197 for information on accessing the jack and tools for changing a wheel. 1. Apply the parking brake. 2. Put the gear selector in Park (P) or reverse
on models with a manual transmission. 3. Block the wheels that are on the ground
with wooden blocks or large stones.
4. Remove the wheel cover (where applica- ble) using the flat end of the lug wrench.
turn by exerting downward pressure. Turn the nuts counterclockwise to loosen.
6. There are two jack attachment points on
each side of the car. Position the jack cor- rectly in the attachment (see the illustration) and crank while simultaneously guiding the base of the jack to the ground. The base of the jack must be flat on a level, firm, non- slippery surface. Before raising the car, check that the jack is still correctly posi- tioned in the attachment.
Lug wrench with telescoping handle 5. With the vehicle still on the ground, use the lug wrench to loosen the wheel nuts ½–1
Jack attachment points 7. Raise the vehicle until the wheel to be
changed is off the ground.
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200
8. Unscrew the wheel nuts completely and carefully remove the wheel so as not to damage the threads on the wheel bolts.
WARNING
• The jack must correctly engage the jack
attachment.
• Be sure the jack is on a firm, level, non-
slippery surface.
• Never allow any part of your body to be
extended under a car supported by a jack.
• Use the jack intended for the car when changing a tire. For any other job, use stands to support the car.
• Apply the parking brake and put the gear selector in the Park (P) position or reverse on models with a manual transmission. • Block the wheels standing on the ground, use rigid wooden blocks or large stones.
• The jack should be kept well-greased
and clean, and should not be damaged.
• No objects should be placed between
the base of jack and the ground, or between the jack and the attachment bar on the vehicle.
NOTE
The jack provided with your vehicle is intended to be used only in temporary sit- uations such as changing wheels in the event of a flat tire. Only the jack that came with your particular model should be used to lift the vehicle. If the vehicle needs to be lifted more frequently or for a prolonged period, using a garage jack or hoist is rec- ommended. Always follow this device’s instructions for use.
On vehicles equipped with the tire sealing sys- tem, the jack should be cranked down as far as possible and returned to its storage position in the foam block.
WARNING
The jack and any tools should always be returned to their proper storage compart- ments after use to help keep them securely in place in the event of sudden braking, etc.
Installing the wheel 1. Clean the contact surfaces between the
wheel and hub.
2. Lift the wheel and place it on the hub. Install the wheel nuts and hand-tighten 3. them. Using the lug wrench, tighten cross- wise until all nuts are snug.
4. Lower the vehicle to the ground and alter-
nately tighten the bolts crosswise to 81 ft. lbs. (110 Nm) or 96 ft. lbs. (130 Nm), depending on the type of wheel/wheel nuts used on your vehicle. See also 199 for additional information. 5. Install the wheel cover (where applicable). See page 197 for information on returning the jack and tools to their proper storage positions.
07 Wheels and tires
Changing a wheel
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201
07 Wheels and tires
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
Introduction The tire pressure monitoring system1 uses sen- sors mounted in the tire valves to check infla- tion pressure levels. When the vehicle is mov- ing at a speed of approximately 20 mph (30 km/h) or faster, these sensors transmit inflation pressure data to a receiver located in the vehicle.
NOTE
USA – FCC ID: KR5S122780002
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the fol- lowing conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.When low inflation pressure is detected, TPMS will light up the tire pressure warning light (also referred to as a telltale) in the instrument panel and will display one of the following mes- sages in the text window: LOW TIRE PRESS. CHECK TIRES or TIRE PRESSURE LOW.
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NOTE
If a fault occurs in TPMS, the tire pressure warning light will flash for approximately 1 minute and TIRE PRESS SYST SERVICE REQUIRED will be displayed.
Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, you should determine the proper tire inflation pressure for those tires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pres- sure telltale when one or more of your tires is significantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should stop and check your tires as soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pres- sure. Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle's handling and stopping ability.
Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire maintenance, and it is the driv- er's responsibility to maintain correct tire pres- sure, even if under-inflation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not operating properly. The TPMS malfunction indicator is combined with the low tire pressure telltale . When the system detects a malfunction, the telltale will flash for approximately one minute and then remain continuously illuminated. This sequence will continue upon subsequent vehicle start-ups as long as the malfunction exists. When the mal- function indicator is illuminated, the system may not be able to detect or signal low tire pressure as intended. TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety of reasons, including the installation of replacement or alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale after replacing one or more tires or wheels on your vehicle to ensure that the replacement or alternate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to continue to function properly.
1 U.S. models only
202
NOTE
• TPMS indicates low tire pressure but does not replace normal tire mainte- nance. For information on correct tire pressure, please refer to the table on on page 183, or consult your Volvo retailer. • The tire pressure warning light will not identify which tire is underinflated. Be sure to check all four tires.
• A certain amount of air seepage from the tires occurs naturally and tire pres- sure fluctuates with seasonal changes in temperature. Always check tire pres- sure regularly.
Erasing warning messages When a low tire pressure warning message has been displayed, and the tire pressure warning light has come on: 1. Use a tire pressure gauge to check the
inflation pressure of all four tires.
2. Re-inflate the tire(s) to the correct pressure
3.
(consult the tire pressure placard or the table, see page 183 ). In certain cases, it may be necessary to drive the vehicle for several minutes at a speed of 20 mph (30 km/h) or faster. This
07 Wheels and tires
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
will erase the warning text and the warning light will go out.
WARNING
Incorrect inflation pressure could lead to tire failure, resulting in a loss of control of the vehicle.
Changing wheels with TPMS Please note the following when changing or replacing the factory installed TPMS wheels/ tires on the vehicle: • Only the factory-mounted wheels are
equipped with TPMS sensors in the valves. • If the vehicle is equipped with a temporary spare tire, this tire does not have a TPMS sensor.
• If wheels without TPMS sensors are moun-
ted on the vehicle, TIRE PRESS SYST SERVICE REQUIRED will be displayed each time the vehicle is driven above 25 mph (40 km/h) for 10 minutes or more. • Once TPMS sensors are properly installed, the warning message should not reappear. If the message is still displayed, drive the vehicle for several minutes at a speed of 20 mph (30 km/h) or faster to erase the message.
• Volvo recommends that TPMS sensors be
fitted on all wheels used on the vehicle.
Volvo does not recommend moving sen- sors back and forth between sets of wheels.
NOTE
• If you change to tires with a different recommended inflation pressure, the TPMS system must be recalibrated to these tires. This must be done by an authorized Volvo retailer or workshop. • If a tire is changed, or if the TPMS sen- sor is moved to another wheel, the sen- sor's seal, nut, and valve core should be replaced.
• When installing TPMS sensors, the vehicle must be parked for at least 15 minutes with the ignition off. If the vehicle is driven within 15 minutes, a TPMS error message will be displayed.
CAUTION
When inflating tires with TPMS valves, press the pump's mouthpiece straight onto the valve to help avoid bending or otherwise damaging the valve.
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203
07 Wheels and tires
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
Self-supporting run flat tires (SST)* Self-supporting run flat tires are available as optional equipment. The vehicle must be equipped with the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) if tires of this type are installed. Tires of this type have specially reinforced sidewalls that make it possible to continue driving to a limited extent even though the tire has lost some or all of its inflation pressure. These tires are mounted on special rims (nor- mal tires can also be mounted on these rims). If an SST tire loses inflation pressure, the yel- low TPMS symbol illuminates in the instrument panel and a text message is also displayed. If this happens, reduce speed to not more than 50 mph (80 km/h). The tire should be replaced as soon as possible. Drive carefully; it may be difficult to determine which tire is damaged. To find the damaged tire, check the inflation pressure in all four tires.
WARNING
• SST tires should only be mounted by service technicians who are familiar with tires of this type.
• SST tires may only be mounted on vehi-
cles equipped with TPMS.
• Do not drive faster than 50 mph
(80 km/h) if TPMS indicates that a tire has lost inflation pressure.
• Do not drive farther than 50 miles
(80 km) before replacing a damaged SST tire.
• Drive carefully and avoid e.g., hard
braking or fast turns.
• SST tires must be replaced if they are damaged. A tire of this type cannot be repaired.
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204
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
07 Wheels and tires
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205
Washing and cleaning the car............................................................... 208
Paint touch up....................................................................................... 212206
CAR CARE
08 Car care
Washing and cleaning the car
Washing the car The following points should be kept in mind when washing and cleaning the car: • The car should be washed at regular inter- vals since dirt, dust, insects and tar spots adhere to the paint and may cause dam- age. To help prevent corrosion, it is partic- ularly important to wash the car frequently in the wintertime when salt has been used on the roads.
• Avoid washing your car in direct sunlight. Doing so may cause detergents and wax to dry out and become abrasive. To avoid scratching, use lukewarm water to soften the dirt before you wash with a soft sponge, and plenty of sudsy water.
• Bird droppings: Remove from paintwork as soon as possible. Otherwise the finish may be permanently damaged.
• A detergent can be used to facilitate the
softening of dirt and oil.
• Dry the car with a clean chamois and
remember to clean the drain holes in the doors and rocker panels.
• Tar spots can be removed with tar remover
after the car has been washed.
• A stiff-bristle brush and lukewarm soapy
water can be used to clean the wiper blades. Frequent cleaning of the wind- shield and wiper blades improves visibility
