NOTICE
Do not tow with the key removed or in the “LOCK” position when towing from the rear without a towing dolly. The steering lock mechanism is not strong enough to hold the front wheels straight.
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(c) Towing with sliding type
truck
—Emergency towing
SU41022
SU41023b
(c) Towing with sling type truck
Front
NOTICE
Do not tow with sling type truck, ei- ther from the front or rear. This may cause body damage.
SU41024a
Rear
If towing is necessary, we recommend you to have it done by your Toyota dealer or a commercial tow truck ser- vice. If a towing service is not available in an emergency, your vehicle may be temporarily towed by a cable or chain secured to either the emergency towing eyelet on the front of the vehicle or to the left emergency towing eyelet under the rear of the vehicle. Use extreme caution when towing vehicles. To towing eyelet, see “—Installing front towing eyelet” on page 176 in this section.
install
front
the
NOTICE
Only use specified towing eyelet; otherwise your vehicle may be dam- aged.
A driver must be in the vehicle to steer it and operate the brakes. Towing in this manner may be done only on hard–surfaced roads for a short dis- tance and at the wheels, axles, drive train, steering and brakes must all be in good condition.
low speeds. Also,
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CAUTION
CAUTION
—Installing front towing eyelet
If the engine is not running, the pow- er assist for the brakes and steering will not work so steering and braking will be much harder than usual.
SN41005a
1. Remove
the
front
towing eyelet as
shown in the illustrations.
Use extreme caution when towing ve- hicles. Avoid sudden starts or erratic driving maneuvers which would place excessive stress on the emergency towing eyelets and towing cable or chain. The eyelets and towing cable or chain may break and cause serious injury or damage.
NOTICE
(cid:2) Use only a cable or chain specifi- cally intended for use in towing ve- hicles. Securely fasten the cable or chain to the towing eyelet provided. (cid:2) Do not use the right rear eyelet. It
is not designed for towing.
Before towing, release the parking brake and put the transmission in neutral (manu- al) or “N” (automatic). The key must be in “ACC” (engine off) or “ON” (engine run- ning).
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SN41002a
SN41003a
SN41004a
the
2. Remove the front towing eyelet cover flat– is wrapped
on bladed screwdriver which with a cloth.
front bumper, using a
3. Secure the front towing eyelet to the hole on the bumper by turning clock- wise.
4. Tighten the front towing eyelet securely
by a wheel nut wrench.
CAUTION
When installing the eyelet on the ve- hicle, be sure to tighten the front eyelet securely. is loose, it may come off when being towed and result in death or serious injury.
If the tightening
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177
If you cannot shift automatic transmission selector lever
SU41032
SU41053
though
If you cannot shift the selector lever out of “P” position to other positions even is de- pressed, use the shift lock override but- ton as follows: 1. Turn
the brake pedal
ignition key
the
to “LOCK” the parking
position. Make sure brake is applied.
2. Pry up the cover with a flat–bladed
screwdriver or equivalent.
3. Insert your finger into the hole to push down the shift lock override button. You can shift out of “P” position only while pushing the but- ton.
4. Shift into “N” position. 5. Insert the cover. 6. Start the engine. For your safety,
keep the brake pedal depressed.
Be sure to have the system checked by your Toyota dealer as soon as possible.
in “Keys”
the suggestion given
If you lose your keys You can purchase a new key at your Toyota dealer if you can give them the key number. See Section 1–2. If your keys are locked in the vehicle and you cannot get a duplicate, many Toyota dealers can still open the door for you, If you must using break a window in, we suggest breaking the smallest side window be- cause it is the least expensive to replace. Be extremely cautious to avoid cuts from the glass.
their special
to get
tools.
in
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If you lose your wireless remote control transmitter You can purchase a new wireless re- mote control transmitter at your Toyota dealer. Have the registered identification numbers of your transmitters deleted from your ve- hicle by your Toyota dealer as soon as possible to avoid the possibility of theft or an accident. Then, have the identification number of your new transmitter registered. At the same time, you must bring all of the remaining transmitters to have them registered again as well. You can use the wireless remote control system with the new transmitter. Contact your Toyota dealer for detailed information.
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SECTION 5
CORROSION PREVENTION AND APPEARANCE CARE Corrosion prevention and appearance care Protecting your Toyota from corrosion Washing and waxing your Toyota Cleaning the interior
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
182
183
185
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181
the
Protecting your Toyota from corrosion Toyota, through its diligent research, de- sign and use of the most advanced technology available, has done its part to help prevent corrosion and has provided you with vehicle construction. Now, it is up to you. Proper care of your Toyota can help ensure long– term corrosion prevention. The most common causes of corrosion to your vehicle are: (cid:1) The accumulation of road salt, dirt and moisture in hard–to–reach areas under the vehicle.
quality
finest
(cid:1) Chipping of paint, or undercoating caused by minor accidents or by stones and gravel.
Care is especially important if you live in particular areas or operate your ve- hicle under certain environmental condi- tions: (cid:1) Road salt or dust control chemicals will accelerate corrosion, as will the pres- ence of salt in the air near the sea– coast or in areas of industrial pollution. (cid:1) High humidity accelerates corrosion es- pecially when temperatures range just above the freezing point.
182
(cid:1) Wetness or dampness to certain parts of your vehicle for an extended period of time, may cause corrosion even though other parts of the vehicle may be dry.
those components of
(cid:1) High temperatures will cause corrosion to the vehicle which are prevented from quick–drying due to lack of proper ventilation.
The above signifies the necessity to keep your vehicle, particularly the underside, as clean as possible and to repair any dam- age to paint or protective coatings as soon as possible. To help prevent corrosion on your Toyota, follow these guidelines: Wash your vehicle frequently. It is, of course, necessary to keep your vehicle clean by regular washing, but to prevent corrosion, the following points should be observed: (cid:1) If you drive on salted roads
the winter or if you live near the ocean, you should hose off the undercarriage at least once a month to minimize cor- rosion.
in
(cid:1) High pressure water or steam is effec- tive for cleaning the vehicle’s underside and wheel housings. Pay particular attention to these areas as it is difficult to see all the mud and dirt. It will do more harm than good to simply wet the mud and debris without removing them. The lower edge of doors, rocker panels and frame members have drain holes which should not be allowed to clog with dirt as these areas can cause corrosion.
trapped water
in
(cid:1) Wash the underside of the vehicle thor-
oughly when winter is over.
See “Washing and waxing your Toyota” for more tips. Check the condition of your vehicle’s paint and trim. If you find any chips or scratches in the paint, touch them up im- mediately to prevent corrosion from start- ing. If the chips or scratches have gone through the bare metal, have a qualified body shop make the repair.
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Check the interior of your vehicle. Wa- ter and dirt can accumulate under the floor mats and could cause corrosion. Oc- casionally check under the mats to make sure the area is dry. Be particularly care- ful when transporting chemicals, cleans- ers, fertilizers, salt, etc.; these should be transported in proper containers. If a spill or leak should occur, immediately clean and dry the area. Use mud shields on your wheels. If you drive on salted or gravel roads, mud shields help protect your vehicle. Full–size shields, which come as near to the ground as possible, are the best. We recommend that the fittings and the area where the shields are installed be treated to resist corrosion. Your Toyota dealer will be happy to assist in supplying and installing the shields if they are recommended for your area. Keep your vehicle in a well ventilated garage or a roofed place. Do not park your vehicle in a damp, poorly venti- lated garage. If you wash your vehicle in the garage, or if you drive it in covered with water or snow, your garage may be so damp it will cause corrosion. Even if your garage is heated, a wet vehicle can corrode if the ventilation is poor.
Washing and waxing your Toyota Washing your Toyota Keep your vehicle clean by regular washing. The following cases may cause weakness to the paint or corrosion to the body and parts. Wash your vehicle as soon as pos- sible. (cid:1) When driving in a coastal area (cid:1) When driving on a road sprinkled with
antifreeze
(cid:1) When having coal tar, tree sap, bird
droppings and carcass of an insect
(cid:1) When driving in the areas where there is a lot of smoke, soot, dust, iron dust and chemical substance
(cid:1) When the vehicle becomes remarkably
dirty with dust and mud Hand–washing your Toyota Work in the shade and wait until the vehicle body is not hot to the touch.
1. Rinse off loose dirt with a hose. Re- move any mud or road salt from the underside of the wheel wells.
the vehicle or
in
2. Wash with a mild car–wash soap, mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Use a soft cotton mitt and keep it wet by dipping it frequently into the wash water. Do not rub hard—let the soap and water remove the dirt.
Fuel filler door: Do not apply water (high– pressure car wash, for example) at or near the fuel tank inlet with the fuel filler door opened. If the water enters the air vent, you may experience trouble with re- fueling or rough engine idling. Plastic wheel ornaments: The plastic wheel ornaments are damaged easily by organic substances. If any organic sub- stance splashes an ornament, be sure to wash it off with water and check if the ornament is damaged.
CAUTION
CAUTION
When cleaning under floor or chassis, be careful not to injure your hands.
Do not attach the heavily damaged plastic wheel ornament. It may fly off the wheel and cause accidents while the vehicle is moving.
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Aluminum wheels: Use only a mild soap or neutral detergent. Plastic bumpers: Wash carefully. Do not scrub with abrasive cleaners. The bumper faces are soft. Road turpentine or cleaners that are marked safe for painted surfaces.
tar: Remove with
NOTICE
Do not use organic substances (gaso- line, kerosene, benzine or strong sol- vents), which may be toxic or cause damage.
3. Rinse
thoroughly—dried
can In hot weather you cause streaking. may need to rinse each section right after you wash it.
soap
4. To prevent water spots, dry the vehicle using a clean soft cotton towel. Do not rub or press hard—you might scratch the paint.
Automatic car wash Your vehicle may be washed in an auto- matic car wash, but remember that the paint can be scratched by some type of brushes, unfiltered washing water, or the washing process itself. Scratching reduces paint durability and gloss, especially on darker colors. The manager of the car wash should be able to advise you wheth- er the process is safe for the paint on your vehicle.
NOTICE
To prevent damage to the antenna, make sure it is retracted before driv- ing your Toyota through an automatic car wash.
Waxing your Toyota Polishing and waxing is recommended to maintain the original beauty of your Toyota’s finish. Once a month or if the vehicle does not repel water well, apply wax. 1. Always wash and dry the vehicle be- fore you begin waxing, even if you are using a combined cleaner and wax.
2. Use a good quality polish and wax. If the finish has become extremely weath- ered, use a car–cleaning polish, fol- lowed by a separate wax. Carefully fol- low the manufacturer’s instructions and precautions. Be sure to polish and wax the chrome trim as well as the paint. the vehicle again when water does not bead but remains on the sur- face in large patches.
3. Wax
NOTICE
Always remove the plastic bumpers if your vehicle is re–painted and placed in a high heat paint waxing booth. High temperatures could damage the bumpers.
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Cleaning the interior
CAUTION
(cid:1) Vehicles with side airbags:
Be careful not to splash water or spill liquid on the floor. This may prevent the side airbags from acti- vating correctly, resulting in serious injury.
(cid:1) Do not wash the vehicle floor with water, or allow water to get onto the floor when cleaning the vehicle interior or exterior. Water may get into audio components or other electrical components above or un- der the floor carpet (or mat) and cause a malfunction; and it may cause body corrosion.
Vinyl interior The vinyl upholstery may be easily cleaned with a mild soap or detergent and water. First vacuum over the upholstery to re- move loose dirt. Then, using a sponge or soft cloth, apply the soap solution to the vinyl. After allowing it to soak in for a few minutes to loosen the dirt, remove the dirt and wipe off the soap with a clean damp cloth. If all the dirt do not come off, re- peat the procedure. Commercial foaming– type vinyl cleaners are also available which work well. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
NOTICE
Do not use solvent, thinner, gasoline or window cleaner on the interior.
to
foam–type shampoo
Carpets Use a good clean the carpets. Begin by vacuuming thoroughly to remove as much dirt as possible. Several types of foam cleaners are available; some are in aerosol cans and others are powders or liquids which you mix with water to pro- duce a foam. To shampoo the carpets, use a sponge or brush to apply the foam. Rub in overlapping circles. Do not apply water—the best results are obtained by keeping the carpet as dry as possible. Read the shampoo instructions and follow them closely. Seat belts The seat belts may be cleaned with mild soap and water or with lukewarm water. Use a cloth or sponge. As you are clean- ing, check the belts for excessive wear, fraying, or cuts.
NOTICE
(cid:2) Do not use dye or bleach on the
belts—it may weaken them.
(cid:2) Do not use the belts until they be-
come dry.
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185
Windows The windows may be cleaned with any household window cleaner.
NOTICE
When cleaning the inside of the win- dows, be careful not to scratch or damage the heater wires on the rear window.
Air conditioning control panel, car au- dio, instrument panel, console panel, and switches Use a soft damp cloth for cleaning. Soak a clean soft cloth in water or luke- warm water then lightly wipe off dirt.
NOTICE
(cid:2) Do not use organic substances (sol- vents, kerosene, alcohol, gasoline, etc.) or alkaline or acidic solutions. These chemicals can cause discol- oring, staining or peeling of the surface.
(cid:2) If you use cleaners or polishing agents, make sure their ingredients do not include the substances men- tioned above.
(cid:2) If you use a liquid car freshener, do not spill the liquid onto the ve- hicle’s interior surfaces. It may con- tain the ingredients mentioned a- bove. Immediately clean any spill using the method mentioned above.
If you have any questions about the cleaning of your Toyota, your local Toyota dealer will be pleased to answer them.
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SECTION 6
VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND CARE Vehicle maintenance and care Maintenance requirements General maintenance Does your vehicle need repairing? Emissions inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
188
189
191
192
For scheduled maintenance information, please refer to the “Scheduled Maintenance Guide” or “Owner’s Manual Supplement”.
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187
Maintenance requirements Your Toyota vehicle has been designed for fewer maintenance requirements with long- er service intervals to save both your time and money. However, each regular mainte- nance, as well as day–to–day care, is more important than ever before to ensure smooth, trouble–free, safe, and economical drivings. It is the owner’s responsibility to make sure the specified maintenance, including general maintenance service, is performed. Note that both the new vehicle and emis- sion control system warranties specify that proper maintenance and care must be per- formed. See “Owner’s Warranty Informa- tion Booklet” or “Owner’s Manual Supple- ment” for complete warranty information. General maintenance General maintenance items are those day– to–day care practices that are important to your vehicle for proper operation. It is the owner’s responsibility to insure that the general maintenance items are performed regularly. These checks or inspections can be done either by yourself or a qualified technician, or if you prefer, your Toyota dealer will be pleased to do them at a nominal cost.
188
Scheduled maintenance The scheduled maintenance items listed in the “Scheduled Maintenance Guide” or “Owner’s Manual Supplement” are those required to be serviced at regular inter- vals. For details of your maintenance schedule, read the “Scheduled Maintenance Guide” or “Owner’s Manual Supplement”. It is recommended that any replacement parts used for maintenance or for the repair of the emission control system be Toyota supplied. The owner may elect to use non–Toyota supplied parts replacement pur- poses without invalidating the emission control system warranty. However, use of replacement parts which are not of equivalent quality may impair the effec- tiveness of the emission control sys- tems. You may have maintenance, replacement, or repair of the control devices and system performed by any automotive repair individual without invalidating this warranty. See “Owner’s Warranty Information Booklet” or “Owner’s Manual Supplement” for complete warranty information.
establishment
emission
elect
also
for
or
to
Where to go for service? Toyota technicians are well–trained spe- cialists and are kept up to date with the latest service information through technical bulletins, service tips, and in–dealership training programs. They learn to work on Toyotas before they work on your vehicle, rather than while they are working on it. You can be confident that your Toyota dealer’s service department performs the best job to meet the maintenance require- ments on your vehicle—reliably and eco- nomically. Your copy of the repair order is proof that all required maintenance has been per- formed for warranty coverage. And if any problems should arise with your vehicle while under warranty, your Toyota dealer will promptly take care of it. Again, be sure to keep a copy of the repair order for any service performed on your Toyota. What about do–it–yourself maintenance? Many of the maintenance items are easy to do yourself if you have a little mechani- cal ability and a few basic automotive tools. Simple instructions for how to per- form them are presented in Section 7.
2003 ECHO from Aug. ’02 Prod. (OM52481U)
a
you are
If skilled do–it–yourself mechanic, the Toyota service manuals are recommended. Please be aware that do–it–yourself maintenance can affect your warranty coverage. See “Owner’s Warranty Information Booklet” or “Owner’s Manual Supplement” for the details.
the
items
listed,
General maintenance Listed below are the general maintenance items that should be performed as fre- quently as specified. In addition to check- ing if you notice any unusual noise, smell or vibration, you should investigate the cause or take your vehicle to your Toyota dealer or a quali- fied service shop immediately. It is recom- mended that any problem you notice be brought to the attention of your dealer or the qualified service shop for their advice.
CAUTION
Make these checks only where ade- quate ventilation can be obtained if you run the engine.
to
time
OUTSIDE THE VEHICLE Items listed below should be performed from time, unless otherwise specified. Tire pressure Check the pressure with a gauge every two weeks, or at least once a month. See Section 7–2 for additional information.
to
for
the nuts
according
the tries schedule. (For scheduled information, please refer to “Scheduled Maintenance Guide” or
Tire surface and wheel nuts Check the tires carefully for cuts, damage or excessive wear. See Section 7–2 for additional information. When checking the tires, make sure no nuts are missing, and check looseness. Tighten them if necessary. Tire rotation Rotate the maintenance maintenance the “Owner’s Manual Supplement”.) Fluid leaks Check underneath for leaking fuel, oil, wa- ter or other the vehicle has been parked for a while. If you smell fuel fumes or notice any leak, have the cause found and corrected immediately. Doors and engine hood Check that all doors including trunk lid operate smoothly and all latches lock se- curely. Make sure the engine hood sec- ondary latch secures the hood from open- ing when the primary latch is released. INSIDE THE VEHICLE Items listed below should be checked regularly, e.g. while performing periodic services, cleaning the vehicle, etc.
fluid after
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189
Lights Make sure the headlights, stop lights, tail lights, turn signal lights, and other lights are all working. Check headlight aim. Service reminder indicators and warning buzzers Check that all service reminder indicators and warning buzzers function properly. Steering wheel Be alert for changes in steering condition, such as hard steering or strange noise. Seats Check that all front seat controls such as seat adjusters, seatback recliner, etc. op- erate smoothly and that all latches lock securely in any position. Check that the head restraints move up and down smoothly and that the locks hold securely in any latched position. For folding–down rear seatbacks, check latches lock securely. Seat belts Check that the seat belt system such as buckles, retractors and anchors operate properly and smoothly. Make sure that the belt webbings are not cut, frayed, worn or damaged.
that
the
Accelerator pedal Check the pedal for smooth operation and uneven pedal effort or catching. Clutch pedal Check the pedal for smooth operation. Brake pedal Check the pedal for smooth operation and that the pedal has the proper clearance. Check the brake booster function. Brakes At a safe place, check that the brakes do not pull to one side when applied. Parking brake Check that the lever has the proper travel and that, on a safe incline, your vehicle is held securely with only the parking brake applied. Automatic transmission “Park” mecha- nism Check the lock release button of the se- lector lever for proper and smooth opera- tion. On a safe incline, check that your vehicle is held securely with the selector lever in “P” position and all brakes re- leased.
IN THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT
Items listed below should be checked
from time to time, e.g. each time when
refueling.
Washer fluid
Make sure there is sufficient fluid in the
tank. See Section 7–3 for additional in-
formation.
Engine coolant level
Make sure the coolant level is between
the “FULL” and “LOW” lines on the see–
through reservoir when the engine is cold.
See Section 7–2 for additional information.
Radiator, condenser, and hoses
Check that the front of the radiator and
condenser are clean and not blocked with
leaves, dirt or insects. See Section 7–2
for additional information.
Battery electrolyte level
Make sure the electrolyte level of all bat-
tery cells is between upper and lower lev-
el lines on the case. Add only distilled
water when replenishing. See Section 7–3
for additional information.
Brake fluid level
Make sure the brake fluid level is correct.
See Section 7–2 for additional information.
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Engine oil level Check the level on the dipstick with the engine turned off and the vehicle parked on a level spot. See Section 7–2 for addi- tional information. Power steering fluid level Check the level through the reservoir. The level should be in the “HOT” or “COLD” range depending on the fluid temperature. See Section 7–2 for additional information. Exhaust system If you notice any change in the sound of the exhaust or smell exhaust fumes, have the cause located and corrected immedi- ately. (See “Engine exhaust cautions” in Section 2.)
tip–offs
for changes
Does your vehicle need repairing? Be on the alert in perfor- mance, sounds, and visual that indicate service is needed. Some impor- tant clues are as follows: (cid:1) Engine missing, stumbling, or pinging (cid:1) Appreciable loss of power (cid:1) Strange engine noises (cid:1) A leak under the vehicle (however, wa- ter dripping from the air conditioning after use is normal.)
If you notice any of these clues, take your vehicle to your Toyota dealer as soon as possible. It probably needs adjustment or repair.
CAUTION
Do not continue driving with the ve- hicle unchecked. It could result in se- rious vehicle damage and possibly personal injury.
(cid:1) Change
in exhaust sound (This may indicate a dangerous carbon monoxide leak. Drive with the windows open and have the exhaust system checked im- mediately.)
(cid:1) Flat–looking tire; excessive tire squeal
when cornering; uneven tire wear
(cid:1) Vehicle pulls to one side when driving
straight on a level road
(cid:1) Strange noises related to suspension
movement
(cid:1) Loss of brake effectiveness; spongy feeling brake or clutch pedal; pedal al- most touches floor; vehicle pulls to one side when braking
(cid:1) Engine coolant temperature continually
higher than normal
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191
The malfunction indicator lamp will go off after taking several driving trips, but the error code in the OBD system will not be cleared unless about 40 trips or more are taken. If your vehicle does not pass the I/M test even the malfunction indicator lamp does not come on, contact your Toyota dealer to prepare the vehicle for re–testing.
and
indicator
the malfunction
inspection
in- include OBD
Emissions maintenance (I/M) programs Some states have vehicle emission spection programs which (On–Board Diagnostics) checks. The OBD system monitors the operation of the emission control system. When the OBD system determines that a problem exists somewhere in the emission control system, lamp comes on. In this case, your vehicle may the I/M test and need to be not pass repaired. Contact your Toyota dealer to service the vehicle. Even lamp does not come on, your vehicle may not pass readiness codes have not been set in the OBD system. Readiness codes are automatically set during ordinary driving. However, when the battery is disconnected or run down, the codes are erased. Also, depending on your driving habits, the codes may not be completely set. Also, if the malfunction indicator lamp had come on recently due to temporary mal- function such as a loose fuel tank cap, your vehicle may not pass the I/M test.
the malfunction
indicator
test as
I/M
the
if
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SECTION 7– 1
DO–IT–YOURSELF MAINTENANCE Introduction Engine compartment overview Fuse locations Do–it–yourself service precautions Parts and tools Positioning the jack
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
194
195
195
197
198
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193
Engine compartment overview
SU71001c
1. Windshield washer fluid tank
2. Engine oil filler cap
3. Power steering fluid reservoir
4. Brake fluid reservoir
5. Battery
6. Fuse blocks
7. Engine coolant reservoir
8. Radiator
9. Condenser
10. Electric cooling fan
11. Engine oil level dipstick
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2003 ECHO from Aug. ’02 Prod. (OM52481U)
Fuse locations
SU71002a
Spare fuses
SU71006
SY71004
Do–it–yourself service precautions If you perform maintenance by yourself, be sure to follow the correct procedure given in this section. You should be aware that improper or in- complete servicing may result in operating problems. Performing do–it–yourself maintenance during the warranty period may affect your warranty coverage. Read the separate Toyota Warranty statement for details and suggestions. This section gives for those items that are relatively easy for an owner to perform. As explained in Section 6, there are still a number of items that must be done by a qualified technician with special tools. For information on tools and parts for do– it–yourself maintenance, see “Parts and tools”. Utmost care should be taken when work- ing on your vehicle to prevent accidental injury. Here are a few precautions that you should be especially careful to ob- serve:
instructions only
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195
CAUTION
(cid:1) When the engine is running, keep hands, clothing, and tools away from the moving fan and engine drive rings, watches, and ties is advisable.)
(Removing
belts.
(cid:1) Right after driving,
the engine compartment—the engine, radiator, exhaust manifold and spark plug boots, etc.—will be hot. So be care- ful not to touch them. Oil, fluids and spark plugs may also be hot.
(cid:1) If the engine is hot, do not remove the radiator cap or loosen the drain plugs to prevent burning yourself.
(cid:1) Do not smoke, cause sparks or al- low open flames around fuel or the battery. Their fumes are flammable. (cid:1) Be extremely cautious when work- ing on the battery. It contains poi- sonous and corrosive sulfuric acid. terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.
(cid:1) Warning: Battery posts,
cancer
and
(cid:1) Do not get under your vehicle with just the body jack supporting it. Al- ways use automotive jack stands or other solid supports.
(cid:1) Be sure that the ignition is off if you work near the electric cooling fans or radiator grille. With the ignition on, the electric cooling fans will automatically start to run if the engine coolant temperature is high and/or the air conditioning is on.
(cid:1) Use eye protection whenever you work on or under your vehicle where you may be exposed to flying or falling material, fluid spray, etc. (cid:1) Used engine oil contains potentially harmful contaminants which may cause skin disorders such as in- flammation or skin cancer, so care should be taken to avoid prolonged and repeated contact with it. To re- move used engine oil from your skin, wash thoroughly with soap and water.
(cid:1) Do not
leave used oil within the
reach of children.
(cid:1) Dispose of used oil and filter only in a safe and acceptable manner. Do not dispose of used oil and fil- ter in household trash, in sewers or onto the ground. Call your dealer or a service station information concerning recycling or disposal.
for
fluid
(cid:1) Take care when filling the brake and clutch reservoirs because brake fluid can harm your eyes and damage painted surfaces. fluid gets in your eyes, flush your eyes with clean water immediately. If you still feel uncomfortable with your eyes, go to the doctor.
If
NOTICE
(cid:2) Remember that battery and ignition cables carry high currents or volt- ages. Be careful of accidentally causing a short circuit.
(cid:2) Add only demineralized or distilled water to fill the radiator. And if you spill some of the coolant, be sure to wash off with water to prevent it from damaging the parts or paint.
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(cid:2) Do not allow dirt or anything else to fall through the spark plugholes. (cid:2) Use only spark plugs of the speci- fied type. Using other types will cause engine damage, loss of per- formance or radio noise.
(cid:2) Do not overfill automatic transmis- sion fluid, or the transmission could be damaged.
(cid:2) Do not drive with the air cleaner filter removed, or excessive engine wear could result. Also backfiring could cause a fire in the engine compartment.
(cid:2) Be careful not to scratch the glass
surface with the wiper frame.
(cid:2) When closing the engine hood, check to see that you have not for- gotten any tools, rags, etc.
Parts and tools Here is a list of parts and tools you will need on performing do–it–yourself mainte- nance. Remember all Toyota parts are de- signed in metric sizes, so your tools must be metric. CHECKING THE ENGINE OIL LEVEL Parts (if level is low): (cid:1) Engine
SL “Energy–Conserving” ILSAC multigrade having viscosity proper for your climate
grade or
API
oil
Tools: (cid:1) Rag or paper towel (cid:1) Funnel (only for adding oil) CHECKING THE ENGINE COOLANT LEVEL Parts (if level is low): (cid:1) “Toyota Genuine Long Life Coolant” or
equivalent See Section 7–2 for details about cool- ant type selection.
(cid:1) Demineralized or distilled water
Tools:
(cid:1) Funnel (only for adding coolant)
CHECKING BRAKE FLUID
Parts (if level is low):
(cid:1) SAE J1703 or FMVSS No.116 DOT 3
brake fluid
Tools: (cid:1) Rag or paper towel (cid:1) Funnel (only for adding fluid) CHECKING POWER STEERING FLUID Parts (if level is low): (cid:1) Automatic
transmission
DEXRONII or III
fluid
Tools: (cid:1) Rag or paper towel (cid:1) Funnel (only for adding fluid) CHECKING BATTERY CONDITION Tools: (cid:1) Warm water (cid:1) Baking soda (cid:1) Grease (cid:1) Conventional wrench
(for
terminal
clamp bolts)
CHECKING AND REPLACING FUSES Parts (if replacement is necessary): (cid:1) Genuine Toyota fuse or equivalent with
same amperage rating as original
ADDING WASHER FLUID Parts: (cid:1) Water (cid:1) Washer fluid containing antifreeze (for
winter use)
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197
Tools: (cid:1) Funnel REPLACING LIGHT BULBS Parts: (cid:1) Bulb with same number and wattage rating as original in “Replacing light bulbs” in Section 7–3.)
charts
(See
Positioning the jack
Do not jack up
Do not jack up
CAUTION
SU41101a
Lower back outer panel (protrusion) Attachment
When jacking up your vehicle with the jack, position jack correctly as shown in the illustration. Jack position . . . . . . . . . .
the
Front—Front suspension member Rear—Lower back outer panel
Support position for Pantograph jack . . . . . .
When jacking, be sure to observe the following to reduce the possibility of personal injury: (cid:1) Follow jacking instructions. (cid:1) Do not put any part of your body under the vehicle supported by a jack. Personal injury may occur.
(cid:1) Do not start or run the engine while is supported by the
your vehicle jack.
(cid:1) Stop the vehicle on a
level firm ground, firmly set the parking brake and put in “P” (automatic) or reverse (manual).
the transmission
(cid:1) Make sure to set the jack properly in the jack point. Raising the ve- hicle with improperly posi- tioned will damage the vehicle or may allow the vehicle to fall off the jack and cause personal injury.
jack
(cid:1) Never get under the vehicle when the vehicle is supported by the jack alone; use vehicle support stands.
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(cid:1) Do not raise the vehicle with some-
one in the vehicle.
(cid:1) When raising the vehicle, do not place any objects on top of or un- derneath the jack.
NOTICE
Make sure to place the jack correctly, or your vehicle may be damaged.
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SECTION 7– 2
DO–IT–YOURSELF MAINTENANCE Engine and Chassis Checking the engine oil level Checking the engine coolant level Checking the radiator and condenser Checking brake fluid Checking power steering fluid Checking tire pressure Checking and replacing tires Rotating tires Installing snow tires and chains Replacing wheels Aluminum wheel precautions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
202
204
205
206
206
208
209
210
211
213
213
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Checking the engine oil level
Low level
Full level
SU72001
Add oil
O.K.
Too full
With the engine at operating tempera- ture and turned off, check the oil level on the dipstick. 1. To get a
the vehicle should be on a level spot. After turning off the engine, wait a few minutes for the oil to drain back into the bottom of the engine.
reading,
true
2. Pull the dipstick out, hold a rag under
the end and wipe it clean.
3. Reinsert the dipstick—Push it in as far as it will go, or the reading will not be correct.
4. Pull the dipstick out and look at the oil the
level while holding a rag under end.
202
CAUTION
NOTICE
(cid:4) Be careful not to spill the engine
oil on the vehicle components.
(cid:4) Avoid overfilling, or the engine
could be damaged.
(cid:4) Check the oil level on the dipstick
once again after adding the oil.
Engine oil selection “Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” in your Toyota vehicle. Use Toyota approved “Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” or equivalent to satisfy the following grade and viscos- ity. Oil grade:
filled
is
API grade SL “Energy–Conserving” or ILSAC multigrade engine oil.
Be careful not to touch the hot ex- haust manifold.
NOTICE
Be careful not to drop the engine oil on the vehicle components.
If the oil level is below or only slightly above the low level, add engine oil of the same type as already in the engine. Remove the oil filler cap and add engine oil in small quantities at a time, checking the dipstick. We recommend that you use a funnel when adding oil. The approximate quantity of oil needed to fill between the low level and the full level on the dipstick is indicated below for ref- erence. When the level reaches within the correct range, install the filler cap hand–tight. Oil quantity, L (qt., lmp. qt.):
1.5 (1.6, 1.3)
2003 ECHO from Aug. ’02 Prod. (OM52481U)
Recommended viscosity:
SAE 5W–30
OIL008
Outside temperature
SOIL13
API service symbol
SAE 5W–30 is the best choice for good fuel economy, and good starting in cold weather. If SAE 5W–30 oil is not available, SAE 10W–30 oil may be used. However, it should be replaced with SAE 5W–30 at the next oil change.
API02
Oil identification marks Either or both API registered marks are added to some oil containers to help you select the oil you should use. The API Service Symbol is located any- where on the outside of the container. The top portion of the label shows the oil quality by API (American Petroleum Insti- tute) designations such as SL. The center portion of the label shows the SAE viscos- ity grade such as SAE 5W–30. “Energy– Conserving” shown in the lower portion, indicates that the oil has fuel–saving ca- pabilities. The ILSAC (International Lubricant Stan- dardization and Approval Committee) Certi- fication Mark is displayed on the front of the container.
ILSAC certification mark
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Z72109
To ensure excellent lubrication perfor- mance for your engine, “Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” range is available, which has been specifically tested and approved for all Toyota engines. Please contact your Toyota dealer for fur- ther details of “Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” range.
Checking the engine coolant level Look at the see–through coolant reser- voir when the engine is cold. The cool- ant level is satisfactory if it is between the “FULL” and “LOW” lines on the reservoir. If the level is low, add ethyl- ene–glycol type coolant for a proper corrosion protection of aluminum com- ponents. The coolant level in the reservoir will vary with engine temperature. However, if the level is on or below the “LOW” line, add coolant. Bring the level up to the “FULL” line. Always use ethylene–glycol type coolant for a proper corrosion protection of alumi- num components. See information in the next column. If the coolant level drops within a short time after replenishing, there may be a leak the radiator, hoses, engine coolant filler cap, radiator cap and drain cock and water pump. If you can find no leak, have your Toyota dealer test the cap pressure and check for leaks in the cooling system.
the system. Visually check
in
CAUTION
To prevent burning yourself, do not remove the radiator cap when the en- gine is hot.
Coolant type selection Use of improper coolants may damage your engine cooling system. Your coolant must contain ethylene–glycol type coolant for a proper corrosion protection of your engine that contains aluminum compo- nents. We have used “Toyota Genuine Long Life Coolant” in your Toyota vehicle. In order to avoid technical problems, we strongly recommend using “Toyota Genu- ine Long Life Coolant” or equivalent. In addition to preventing freezing and sub- sequent damage to the engine, this will also prevent corrosion. Further supplemen- tal inhibitors or additives are neither need- ed nor recommended. Read the coolant container for information on freeze protection. Follow the manufac- turer’s directions to mix with plain water (preferably demineralized water or distilled water). The total capacity of the cooling system is given in Section 8.
for how much
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We recommend to use 50% solution for your Toyota, to provide protection down to about –35(cid:2)C (–31(cid:2)F). When it is extreme- ly cold, to about –50°C (–58°F), 60% solution is rec- ommended. Do not use more than 70% solution for better coolant performance.
to provide protection down
NOTICE
Do not use alcohol type antifreeze or plain water alone.
Z72109
that
it use
In line with this, you
The engine cooling system is integral to maximizing performance of your Toyota is strongly vehicle. recommended “Toyota Genuine Long Life Coolant” for protecting the system, as it is an ethylene–glycol based premium antifreeze coolant with excellent corrosion protection properties that has been specifically formulated for use in Toyota vehicles. Please contact your Toyota dealer for further details of “Toyota Genuine Long Life Coolant” range.
Checking the radiator and condenser If any of the above parts are extremely dirty or you are not sure of their condi- tion, take your vehicle to Toyota dealer.
CAUTION
To prevent yourself from burning, be careful not to touch the radiator or condenser when the engine is hot.
NOTICE
To prevent damage to the radiator and condenser, do not perform the work by yourself.
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205
Checking brake fluid
Checking power steering fluid
SU72002
reservoir. The
To check the fluid level, simply look at the see–through level should be between the “MAX” and “MIN” lines on the reservoir. It is normal for the brake fluid level to go down slightly as the brake pads wear. So be sure to keep the reservoir filled. If the reservoir needs frequent refilling, it may indicate a serious mechanical prob- lem. If the level is low, add SAE J1703 or FMVSS No.116 DOT 3 brake fluid to the brake reservoir.
206
Remove and replace the reservoir cap by hand. Fill the brake fluid to the dotted line. This brings the fluid to the correct level when you put the cap back on. Use only newly opened brake fluid. Once opened, brake fluid absorbs moisture from the air, and excess moisture can cause a dangerous loss of braking.
CAUTION
Take care when filling the reservoir because brake fluid can harm your eyes and damage painted surfaces. If fluid gets in your eyes, flush your eyes with clean water immediately. If you still feel uncomfortable with your eyes, go to the doctor.
NOTICE
If you spill some of the fluid, be sure to wash it off with water to prevent it from damaging the parts or paint.
SU72009 Open
Close
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III.
Check the fluid level through the reser-
voir. If necessary, add automatic trans-
mission fluid DEXRON(cid:3)II or
If the vehicle has been driven around 80
km/h (50 mph)
for 20 minutes (a little
more in frigid temperatures), the fluid is
hot (60(cid:2)C—80(cid:2)C or 140(cid:2)F—175(cid:2)F). You
may also check the level when the fluid
is
temperature,
10(cid:2)C—30(cid:2)C or 50(cid:2)F—85(cid:2)F) if the engine
has not been run for about five hours.
(about
room
cold
If cold add
If cold O.K.
f. After replacing the reservoir cap and rubber cap, visually check the steering box case, vane pump and hose con- nections for leaks or damage.
CAUTION
The reservoir tank may be hot so be careful not to burn yourself.
NOTICE
Avoid overfilling, or the power steer- ing could be damaged.
SU72010
If hot add
If hot O.K.
a. Clean all dirt from outside of the reser-
voir tank.
b. Remove the rubber cap. c. Remove the reservoir cap by turning it counterclockwise and wipe the dipstick clean.
d. Reinstall the reservoir cap. e. Remove the reservoir cap again and look at the fluid level. If the fluid is cold, the lever should be in the “COLD” range on the dipstick. Similarly, if it is hot, the fluid level should be in the “HOT” range. If the level is at the low side of either range, add automatic transmission fluid DEXRON(cid:3)II or III to bring the level within the range.
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207
Checking tire pressure
CAUTION
SU72005
Keep your tire pressures at the proper level. The recommended cold tire pressures, tire size and the vehicle capacity weight are given in Section 8. They are also on the tire pressure label as shown. You should check the tire pressures every two weeks, or at least once a month. And do not forget the spare! Incorrect fuel, reduce the comfort of driving, reduce tire life and make your vehicle less safe to drive. If a tire frequently needs refilling, have it checked by your Toyota dealer.
tire pressure may waste
208
the
tire pressure properly. Keep your Otherwise, following conditions may occur and cause an accident re- sulting in death or serious injuries. Low tire pressure (underinflation)— (cid:1) Excessive wear (cid:1) Uneven wear (cid:1) Poor handling (cid:1) Possibility of blowouts from over-
heated tire.
(cid:1) Poor sealing of the tire bead (cid:1) Wheel deformation and/or tire sepa-
ration
High tire pressure (overinflation)— (cid:1) Poor handling (cid:1) Excessive wear at the center of the
tire tread
(cid:1) A greater possibility of tire damage
from road hazards
The following instructions for checking
tire pressure should be observed:
(cid:1) The pressure should be checked only
when the tires are cold. If your ve-
hicle has been parked for at least 3
hours and has not been driven
for
more than 1.5 km or 1 mile since, you
will get an accurate cold tire pressure
reading.
(cid:1) Always use a tire pressure gauge. The appearance of a tire can be mis- leading. Besides, that are even just a few pounds off can degrade ride and handling.
tire pressures
(cid:1) Take special care when adding air to the compact spare tire. The smaller tire size can gain pressure very quick- ly. Add compressed air in small quanti- ties and check the pressure often until it reaches the specified pressure.
(cid:1) Do not bleed or reduce tire pressure after driving. It is normal for the tire pressure to be higher after driving.
(cid:1) Never exceed
the vehicle capacity weight. The passenger and luggage weight should be located so that the vehicle is balanced.
2003 ECHO from Aug. ’02 Prod. (OM52481U)
(cid:1) Be sure to reinstall the tire inflation valve caps. Without the valve caps, dirt or moisture could get into the valve core and cause air leakage. If the caps have been lost, have new ones put on as soon as possible.
Checking and replacing tires
Tread wear indicator
70040D01
CHECKING YOUR TIRES
Check the tires tread for the tread wear
indicators. If the indicators show, re-
place the tires.
The
tires on your Toyota have built–in
tread wear indicators to help you know
when the tires need replacement. When
the tread depth wears to 1.6 mm (0.06
in.) or less, the indicators will appear. If
you can see the indicators in two or more
adjacent grooves, the tire should be re-
placed. The lower the tread, the higher
the risk of skidding.
The effectiveness of snow tires is lost
if the tread wears down below 4 mm
(0.16 in.).
If you have tire damage such as cuts, splits, cracks deep enough to expose the fabric, or bulges indicating internal damage, the tire should be replaced. If a tire often goes flat or cannot be prop- erly repaired due to the size or location of a cut or other damage, it should be replaced. If you are not sure, consult with your Toyota dealer. If an air loss occurs while driving, do not continue driving with a deflated tire. Driv- ing even a short distance can damage a tire beyond repair. Any tires which are over 6 years old must be checked by a qualified techni- cian even if damage is not obvious. Tires deteriorate with age even have never or seldom been used. This applies also to the spare tire and tires stored for future use. REPLACING YOUR TIRES When replacing a tire, use a tire of the same size and construction, and the same or greater load capacity as the originally installed tires.
they
if
2003 ECHO from Aug. ’02 Prod. (OM52481U)
209
Using any other size or type of tire may seriously affect handling, ride, speedome- ter/odometer calibration, ground clearance, and clearance between the body and tires or snow chains.
CAUTION
the
following
Observe instructions. Otherwise, an accident may occur re- sulting in death or serious injuries. (cid:1) Do not mix radial, bias belted, or bias–ply tires on your vehicle, as this may cause dangerous handling characteristics resulting in loss of control.
(cid:1) Do not use tires other
than the manufacturer’s recommended size, as this may cause dangerous han- dling characteristics in loss of control.
resulting
Toyota recommends all four tires, or at
least both of the front or rear tires be
replaced at a time as a set.
See “If you have a flat tire” in Section 4
for tire change procedure.
210
tire
the wheel
When a is replaced, should always be balanced. An unbalanced wheel may affect vehicle handling and tire life. Wheels can get out of balance with regular use and should therefore be balanced occasionally. When replacing a tubeless tire, the air valve should also be replaced with a new one.
Rotating tires
AS72001
To equalize the wear and help extend
tire life, Toyota recommends that you
rotate your tires according to the main-
tenance schedule. (For scheduled main-
tenance information, please refer to the
“Scheduled Maintenance Guide” or
“Owner’s Manual Supplement”.). Howev-
er, the most appropriate timing for tire
rotation may vary according to your
driving habits and road surface condi-
tions.
See “If you have a flat tire” in Section 4
for tire change procedure.
2003 ECHO from Aug. ’02 Prod. (OM52481U)
rotating
tires, check
When for uneven wear and damage. Abnormal wear is usu- ally caused by incorrect tire pressure, im- proper wheel alignment, out–of–balance wheels, or severe braking.
CAUTION
Do not include a compact spare tire when rotating the tires. It is designed for temporary use only.
Installing snow tires and chains WHEN TO USE SNOW TIRES OR CHAINS Snow tires or chains are recommended when driving on snow or ice. On wet or dry roads, conventional tires provide better traction than snow tires. SNOW TIRE SELECTION If you need snow tires, select tires of the same size, construction and load capacity as the originally installed tires. Do not use tires other than those men- tioned above. Do not install studded tires without first checking local regulations for possible restrictions.
CAUTION
the
following
Observe instructions. Otherwise, an accident may occur re- sulting in death or serious injuries. Do not use snow tires other than the manufacturer’s recommended size, as this may cause dangerous handling characteristics resulting loss of control.
in
SNOW TIRE INSTALLATION Snow tires should be installed on all wheels. Installing snow tires on the front wheels only can lead to an excessive difference in road grip capability between the front and rear tires which could cause loss of vehicle control. When storing removed tires you should store them in a cool dry place. Mark the direction of rotation and be sure to install them in the same direction when replacing.
CAUTION
(cid:1) Do not drive with the snow tires
incorrectly inflated.
(cid:1) Never drive over 120 km/h (75 mph)