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Appearance care 10-5
ner lid. Clean them off using a toothbrush or other narrow-ended implement.
(cid:132) Climate control panel, audio panel, instrument panel, con- sole panel, switches, combi- nation meter, and other plas- tic surfaces
Use a soft, damp cloth to clean the climate control panel, audio equipment, instru- ment panel, center console, combination meter panel, and switches. (Do not use or- ganic solvents.) NOTE Do not use organic solvents such as paint thinners or gasoline, or strong cleaning agents that contain those sol- vents.
Particles of ash and tobacco will accumu- late around the hinges of the ashtray’s in-
600097
Maintenance schedule ....................................... 11-3
Maintenance precautions .................................. 11-3Before checking or servicing in the engine
compartment ........................................................
11-4
When you do checking or servicing in the engine compartment while the engine is running ..................................................................
Non-turbo models ................................................... Turbo models ..........................................................
11-4
Engine hood ....................................................... 11-4
Engine compartment overview ......................... 11-6
11-6
11-7
Engine oil ............................................................ 11-8
11-8
Checking the oil level ............................................. Changing the oil and oil filter ................................ 11-8
Recommended grade and viscosity ..................... 11-10
Recommended grade and viscosity undersevere driving conditions .................................... 11-11
Synthetic oil ............................................................ 11-11
Cooling system .................................................. 11-11
Cooling fan, hose and connections ...................... 11-12
Engine coolant ........................................................ 11-12
Air cleaner element ............................................ 11-15
Replacing the air cleaner element ......................... 11-15
Spark plugs ......................................................... 11-17
Recommended spark plugs ................................... 11-17
Drive belts ........................................................... 11-18
Manual transmission oil .................................... 11-18
Checking the oil level ............................................. 11-18Maintenance and service
Recommended grade and viscosity ..................... 11-19
Automatic transmission fluid ............................ 11-20
Checking the fluid level .......................................... 11-20
Recommended fluid ............................................... 11-21
Front differential gear oil (AT vehicles) ............ 11-21
Checking the oil level ............................................. 11-21
Recommended grade and viscosity ..................... 11-22
Rear differential gear oil .................................... 11-22
Checking the gear oil level .................................... 11-22
Recommended grade and viscosity ..................... 11-23
Power steering fluid ........................................... 11-23
Checking the fluid level .......................................... 11-23
Recommended fluid ............................................... 11-24
Brake fluid ........................................................... 11-25
Checking the fluid level .......................................... 11-25
Recommended brake fluid ..................................... 11-25
Clutch fluid (MT vehicles) .................................. 11-26
Checking the fluid level .......................................... 11-26
Recommended clutch fluid .................................... 11-26
Brake booster ..................................................... 11-27
Brake pedal ......................................................... 11-27
Checking the brake pedal free play ...................... 11-27
Checking the brake pedal reserve distance ......... 11-27
Clutch pedal (MT vehicles) ................................ 11-28
Checking the clutch function ................................ 11-28
Checking the clutch pedal free play ..................... 11-28
Hill holder (MT vehicles – if equipped) ............. 11-2811
Maintenance and service
Replacement of brake pad and lining ............... 11-29
Breaking-in of new brake pads and linings ......... 11-29
Parking brake stroke .......................................... 11-30
Tires and wheels ................................................ 11-30
Types of tires .......................................................... 11-30
Tire inspection ........................................................ 11-30
Tire pressures and wear ........................................ 11-31
Wheel balance ........................................................ 11-32
Wear indicators ....................................................... 11-33
Tire rotation direction mark ................................... 11-33
Tire rotation ............................................................. 11-33
Tire replacement ..................................................... 11-34
Wheel replacement ................................................. 11-35
Aluminum wheels (if equipped) ........................ 11-35
Windshield washer fluid .................................... 11-35
Replacement of wiper blades ............................ 11-37
Windshield wiper blades ........................................ 11-37
Rear window wiper blade ....................................... 11-38
Battery ................................................................. 11-40
Fuses ................................................................... 11-41
Main fuse ............................................................. 11-42
Installation of accessories ................................ 11-43
Replacing bulbs .................................................. 11-44
Headlights (Canada-spec. 2.5XT) .......................... 11-45
Headlights (Except Canada-spec. 2.5XT) ............. 11-46
Rear combination lights ......................................... 11-47
License plate light .................................................. 11-48
Dome light and map light ....................................... 11-48
High mount stop light ............................................ 11-49Maintenance schedule
Maintenance and service
Maintenance precautions
The scheduled maintenance items re- quired to be serviced at regular intervals are shown in the “Warranty and Mainte- nance Booklet”.
For details of your maintenance schedule, read the separate “Warranty and Mainte- nance Booklet”.
When maintenance and service are re- quired, it is recommended that all work be done by an authorized SUBARU dealer.
If you perform maintenance and service by yourself, you should familiarize your- self with the information provided in this section on general maintenance and ser- vice for your SUBARU.
Incorrect or incomplete service could cause improper or unsafe vehicle opera- tion. Any problems caused by improper maintenance and service performed by you are not eligible for warranty coverage.
(cid:121) Testing of an All-Wheel Drive ve- hicle must NEVER be performed on a single two-wheel dynamome- ter or similar apparatus. Attempt- ing to do so will result in transmis- sion damage and in uncontrolled vehicle movement and may cause an accident or injuries to persons nearby.
(cid:121) Always select a safe area when performing maintenance on your vehicle.
Maintenance and service 11-3
(cid:121) Always be very careful to avoid in- jury when working on the vehicle. Remember that some of the mate- rials in the vehicle may be hazard- ous if improperly used or handled, for example, battery acid.
(cid:121) Your vehicle should only be ser- viced by persons fully competent to do so. Serious personal injury may result to persons not experi- enced in servicing vehicles.
(cid:121) Always use the proper tools and make certain that they are well maintained.
(cid:121) Never get under the vehicle sup- ported only by a jack. Always use a safety stands to support the ve- hicle.
(cid:121) Never keep the engine running in a poorly ventilated area, such as a garage or other closed areas.
(cid:121) Do not smoke or allow open flames around the fuel or battery. This will cause a fire.
(cid:121) Because the fuel system is under pressure, replacement of the fuel filter should be performed only by your SUBARU dealer.
– CONTINUED –
11-4 Maintenance and service
(cid:121) Wear adequate eye protection to guard against getting oil or fluids in your eyes. If something does get in your eyes, thoroughly wash them out with clean water.
(cid:121) Do not tamper with the wiring of the SRS airbag system or seatbelt pretensioner system, or attempt to take its connectors apart, as that may activate the system or it can render it inoperative. The wir- ing and connectors of these sys- tems are yellow for easy identifi- cation. NEVER use a circuit tester for these wiring. If your SRS airbag or seatbelt pre- tensioner needs service, consult your nearest SUBARU dealer.
(cid:132) Before checking or servicing
in the engine compartment
(cid:121) Always stop the engine and set the parking brake firmly to pre- vent the vehicle from moving.
Engine hood
(cid:121) Always let the engine cool down. Engine parts become very hot when the engine is running and remain hot for some time after the engine is stopped.
(cid:121) Do not spill engine oil, engine coolant, brake fluid or any other fluid on hot engine components. This may cause a fire.
(cid:121) Always remove the key from the ignition switch. When the ignition switch is in the “ON” position, the cooling fan may operate suddenly even when the engine is stopped.
B00002
(cid:132) When you do checking or ser- vicing in the engine compart- ment while the engine is run- ning
To open the hood: 1. If the wiper blades are lifted off the windshield, return them to their original positions. 2. Pull the hood release knob under the instrument panel.
A running engine can be dangerous. Keep your fingers, hands, clothing, hair and tools away from the cooling fan, belts and any other moving en- gine parts. Removing rings, watch- es and ties is advisable.
Maintenance and service 11-5
To close the hood: 1. Lift the hood slightly and remove the hood prop from the slot in the hood and re- turn the prop to its retainer. 2. Lower the hood until it approaches ap- proximately 12 in (30 cm) from the closed position and let it drop.
After closing the hood, be sure the hood is securely locked.
If this does not close the hood, release it from a slightly higher position. Do not push the hood forcibly to close it. It could deform the metal.
Always check that the hood is prop- erly locked before you start driving. If it is not, it might fly open while the vehicle is moving and block your view, which may cause an accident and serious bodily injury.
200747
3. Release the secondary hood release located under the front grille by moving the lever toward the left.
200748
Lift up the hood, release the hood prop from its retainer and put the end of the hood prop into the slot in the hood.
11-6 Maintenance and service
Engine compartment overview
(cid:132) Non-turbo models
1) Air cleaner element (page 11-15) 2) Manual transmission oil level gauge (MT) (page 11-18) or Differential gear oil level gauge (AT) (page 11-21) 3) Clutch fluid reservoir (page 11-26) 4) Automatic transmission fluid level
gauge (page 11-20)
5) Brake fluid reservoir (page 11-25) 6) Fuse box (page 11-41) 7) Battery (page 11-40) 8) Windshield washer tank (page 11-35) 9) Engine coolant reservoir (page 11-
11)
10) Engine oil level gauge (page 11-8) 11) Engine oil filler cap (page 11-8) 12) Radiator cap (page 11-11) 13) Power steering fluid reservoir (page
11-23)
13
12
11
10
B00357
(cid:132) Turbo models
4 5
13
12
11
10
B00358
Maintenance and service 11-7
1) Air cleaner element (page 11-15) 2) Manual transmission oil level gauge (MT) (page 11-18) or Differential gear oil level gauge (AT) (page 11-21) 3) Clutch fluid reservoir (page 11-26) 4) Automatic transmission fluid level
gauge (page 11-20)
5) Brake fluid reservoir (page 11-25) 6) Fuse box (page 11-41) 7) Battery (page 11-40) 8) Windshield washer tank (page 11-35) 9) Engine coolant reservoir (page 11-
11)
10) Engine oil level gauge (page 11-8) 11) Engine oil filler cap (page 11-8) 12) Radiator cap (page 11-11) 13) Power steering fluid reservoir (page
11-23)
11-8 Maintenance and service
Engine oil
(cid:132) Checking the oil level Check the engine oil level at each fuel stop. 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and stop the engine.
B00418
1) Notch 2) Upper level 3) Lower level
4. Pull out the dipstick again and check the oil level on it. If it is below the lower level, add oil to bring the level up to the up- per level.
B00359
2. Pull out the dipstick, wipe it clean, and insert it again. 3. Be sure the dipstick is correctly insert- ed until it stops with the graphic symbol “ ” on its top appearing as shown in the illustration.
(cid:121) Use only engine oil with the rec-
ommended grade and viscosity.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill engine oil when adding it. If oil touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If en- gine oil gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
If you check the oil level just after stopping the engine, wait a few minutes for the oil to drain back into the oil pan before checking the level. Just after driving or while the engine is warm, the engine oil level reading may be in a range between the upper level and the notch mark. This is caused by thermal expansion of the engine oil. To prevent overfilling the engine oil, do not add any additional oil above the upper lev- el when the engine is cold.
(cid:132) Changing the oil and oil filter Change the oil and oil filter according to the maintenance schedule in the “Warran- ty and Maintenance Booklet”. The engine oil and oil filter must be changed more frequently than listed in the maintenance schedule when driving on dusty roads, when short trips are frequent- ly made, when towing a trailer, or when driving in extremely cold weather.
1. Warm up the engine by letting the en- gine idle for approximately 10 minutes to ease draining the engine oil. 2. Park the vehicle on a level surface and stop the engine. 3. Remove the oil filler cap.
the drain plug while the engine is still warm. The used oil should be drained into an appropriate container and disposed of properly.
Maintenance and service 11-9
the bottom of engine and install the oil fil- ter by hand turning. Be careful not to twist or damage the seal. 10.Tighten the oil filter by the amount indi- cated in the following table after the seal makes contact with the bottom of engine.
Be careful not to burn yourself with hot engine oil.
Oil filter color Part number
Amount of
rotation
6. Wipe the seating surface of the drain plug with a clean cloth and tighten it se- curely with a new sealing washer after the oil has completely drained out.
Black
15208AA100
1 rotation
White
15208AA09A
2/3 – 3/4 rotation
B00392
4. Open the access cover by removing the eight clips and turning the access cov- er counterclockwise. The drain plug will be exposed.
5. Drain out the engine oil by removing
B00404
B00405
7. Remove the oil filter with an oil filter wrench. 8. Before installing a new oil filter, apply a thin coat of engine oil to the seal. 9. Clean the rubber seal seating area of
(cid:121) Never over tighten the oil filter be- cause that can result in an oil leak. (cid:121) Thoroughly wipe off any engine oil that has spilled over the ex- haust pipe and/or under-cover. If left unremoved, the oil could catch fire.
11.Close the access cover by turning it clockwise and reinstall the eight clips in their original positions. 12.Pour engine oil through the filler neck.
Oil quantity (guideline):
4.2 US qt (4.0 liters, 3.5 Imp qt)
– CONTINUED –
11-10 Maintenance and service
The oil quantity indicated above is only a guideline. The necessary quantity of oil depends on the quantity of oil that has been drained. The quantity of drained oil differs slightly depending on the tempera- ture of the oil and the time the oil is left flowing out. After pouring oil into the en- gine, therefore, you must use the dipstick to confirm that the level is correct. 13.Start the engine and make sure that no oil leaks appear around the filter’s rubber seal. 14.Run the engine until it reaches the nor- mal operating temperature. Then stop the engine and wait a few minutes to allow the oil drain back. Check the oil level again and if necessary, add more engine oil.
(cid:132) Recommended grade and
viscosity
Oil grade:
ILSAC GF-4, which can be identified with the ILSAC certification mark (Starburst mark) or API classification SM with the words “ENERGY CONSERVING”
These recommended oil grades can be identified by looking for either or both of the following marks displayed on the oil container.
API S E RVICE
SAE 5W-30
GY CON S
R VING
B00446
B00014
API Service label 1) Indicates the oil quality by API designa-
2) Indicates the SAE oil viscosity grade 3) Indicates that the oil has fuel saving ca-
tions
pabilities
ILSAC Certification Mark (Starburst Mark)
In choosing an oil, you want the proper quality and viscosity, as well as one that will add to fuel economy. The following ta- ble lists the recommended viscosities and applicable temperatures. When adding oil, different brands may be used together as long as they are the same API classification and SAE viscosity as those recommended by SUBARU.
eas with very high temperatures, or used for heavy-duty applications such as tow- ing a trailer, use of oil with the following grade and viscosities is recommended.
API classification SM (or SL):
SAE viscosity No.:
30, 40, 10W-50, 20W-40, 20W-50
(cid:132) Synthetic oil You can use synthetic engine oil that meets the same requirements given for conventional engine oil. When using syn- thetic oil, you must use oil of the same classification, viscosity and grade shown in this Owner’s Manual, and must follow the oil and filter changing intervals shown in the maintenance schedule.
-30 -20 -10
10 20 30 40
-20
20
40
60
80 100
5W-30*
10W-30, 10W-40
B00549
SAE viscosity number and applicable temperature *: 5W-30 is recommended.
Engine oil viscosity (thickness) affects fuel economy. Oils of lower viscosity provide better fuel economy. However, in hot weather, oil of higher viscosity is required to properly lubricate the engine.
Use only engine oil with the recom- mended grade and viscosity.
(cid:132) Recommended grade and
viscosity under severe driv- ing conditions
If the vehicle is used in desert areas, in ar-
Maintenance and service 11-11
Cooling system
Never attempt to remove the radia- tor cap until the engine has been shut off and has cooled down com- pletely. Since the coolant is under pressure, you may suffer serious burns from a spray of boiling hot coolant when the cap is removed.
The cooling system has been filled at the factory with a high quality, corrosion-inhibiting, year-around coolant which provides protection against freezing down to –33(cid:113)F (–36(cid:113)C). For adding, use genuine SUBARU coolant or an equivalent: a mixture of 50% soft water (or clear and drinkable water) and 50% phos- phate or non-amine type coolant. Use of improper coolants may result in corrosion in the cooling system. It is important to maintain protection against freezing and corrosion, even if freezing temperatures are not expected. Never mix different kinds of coolant.
– CONTINUED –
11-12 Maintenance and service
(cid:132) Cooling fan, hose and con-
nections
Your vehicle employs an electric cooling fan which is thermostatically controlled to operate when the engine coolant reaches a specific temperature. If the radiator cooling fan does not operate even when the engine coolant tempera- ture gauge exceeds the normal operating range, the cooling fan circuit may be de- fective. Check the fuse and replace it if necessary. If the fuse is not blown, have the cooling system checked by your SUB- ARU dealer.
If frequent addition of coolant is neces- sary, there may be a leak in the engine cooling system. It is recommended that the cooling system and connections be checked for leaks, damage, or looseness.
(cid:132) Engine coolant (cid:84) Checking the coolant level
FULL
LOW
B00018
600442
3. After refilling the reserve tank and the radiator, reinstall the caps and check that the rubber gaskets inside the radiator cap are in the proper position.
1) “FULL” level mark 2) “LOW” level mark
Check the coolant level at each fuel stop. 1. Check the coolant level on the outside of the reservoir while the engine is cool. 2. If the level is close to or lower than the “LOW” level mark, add coolant up to the “FULL” level mark. If the reserve tank is empty, remove the radiator cap and refill as required.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill engine cool- ant when adding it. If coolant touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If engine coolant gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
(cid:121) Do not splash the engine coolant over painted parts. The alcohol contained in the engine coolant may damage the paint surface.
(cid:84) Changing the coolant
Never attempt to remove the radia- tor cap until the engine has been shut off and has cooled down com- pletely. Since the coolant is under pressure, you may suffer serious burns from a spray of boiling hot coolant when the cap is removed.
4. Install the under cover.
Maintenance and service 11-13
B00394
B00019
Always add genuine Subaru cooling sys- tem conditioner whenever the coolant is replaced. Change the engine coolant and add gen- uine Subaru cooling system conditioner using the following procedures according to the maintenance schedule. 1. Remove the under cover. 2. Place a proper container under the drain plug and loosen the drain plug. 3. Loosen the radiator cap to drain the coolant from the radiator. Then drain the coolant from the reserve tank. Tighten the drain plug securely.
Turbo models 1) Filler neck 2) Fill up to this level
B00360
Non-turbo models 1) Filler neck 2) Fill up to this level
5. Slowly pour the coolant and fill up to just below the filler neck, allowing enough room to add genuine Subaru cooling sys- tem conditioner in the radiator. Add genu- ine Subaru cooling system conditioner un- til the coolant level reaches the filler neck. Do not pour the coolant too quickly, as this may lead to insufficient air bleeding and trapped air in the system.
– CONTINUED –
11-14 Maintenance and service
Guideline of coolant quantity (including cool- ant in reservoir tank): Non-turbo models:
MT. 7.3 US qt (6.9 liters, 6.1 Imp qt) AT. 7.2 US qt (6.8 liters, 6.0 Imp qt)
Turbo models:
MT. 7.8 US qt (7.4 liters, 6.5 Imp qt) AT. 7.7 US qt (7.3 liters, 6.4 Imp qt)
FULL
LOW
600442
1) “FULL” level mark 2) “LOW” level mark
6. Pour the coolant and fill to the reservoir tank’s “FULL” level mark.
five minutes at 2,000 to 3,000 rpm. 9. Stop the engine and wait until the cool- ant cools down (122 to 140(cid:113)F [50 to 60(cid:113)C]). If there is any loss of coolant, add coolant to the radiator’s filler neck and to the reserve tank’s “FULL” level. 10.Put the radiator cap and reservoir cap back on and tighten firmly.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill engine cool- ant when adding it. If coolant touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If engine coolant gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
(cid:121) Do not splash the engine coolant over painted parts. The alcohol contained in the engine coolant may damage the paint surface.
B00018
7. Put the radiator cap back on and tight- en firmly. At this time, make sure that the rubber gasket in the radiator cap is cor- rectly in place. 8. Start and run the engine for more than
Air cleaner element
Do not operate the engine with the air cleaner element removed. The air cleaner element not only filters in- take air but also stops flames if the engine backfires. If the air cleaner element is not installed when the en- gine backfires, you could be burned.
The air cleaner element functions as a fil- ter screen. When the element is perforat- ed or removed, engine wear will be exces- sive and engine life shortened.
The air cleaner element has a viscous type and a dry type.
Be sure to use the appropriate type of air cleaner element, which depends on the vehicle type.
If there is the embossed requirement "Use of genuine dry air cleaner element is re- quired" on the air cleaner case cover, which is shown in the following figure, use the dry type air cleaner element.
For vehicles without the requirement on the air cleaner case cover, use the vis- cous type air cleaner element.
B00548
1) Embossed requirement
(cid:132) Replacing the air cleaner ele-
ment
Replace the air cleaner element according to the maintenance schedule in the “War- ranty and Maintenance Booklet”. Under extremely dusty conditions, replace it more frequently. It is recommended that you always use genuine SUBARU parts.
Maintenance and service 11-15
(cid:84) Non-turbo models
1. Unsnap the two clamps holding the air cleaner case cover.
B00361
2. Push the air cleaner case cover in the direction of the arrow shown in the draw-
B00362
– CONTINUED –
11-16 Maintenance and service
ing.
B00363
1) Air cleaner case cover 2) Viscous air cleaner element
Dry air cleaner element (if required)
3. Open the air cleaner case cover and remove the air cleaner element. 4. Clean the inside of the air cleaner cov- er and case with a damp cloth and install a new air cleaner element.
(cid:84) Turbo models
B00364
5. To install the air cleaner case cover, in- sert the three projections on the air clean- er case into the slits on the air cleaner case cover and then snap the two clamps on the air cleaner case cover.
1. Unsnap the two clamps holding the air cleaner case cover.
B00024
2. Open the air cleaner case cover and remove the air cleaner element.
B00025
3. Clean the inside of the air cleaner cov- er and case with a damp cloth and install a new air cleaner element.
Spark plugs
(cid:132) Recommended spark plugs
Maintenance and service 11-17
(cid:121) When disconnecting the spark plug cables, always grasp the spark plug cap, not the cables.
(cid:121) Make sure the cables are replaced
in the correct order.
Non-turbo models:
FR5AP-11 (NGK)
Turbo models:
ILFR6B (NGK)
B00026
4. To install the air cleaner case cover, in- sert the two projections on the air cleaner case cover into the slits on the air cleaner case and then snap the two clamps on the air cleaner case cover.
B00027
It may be difficult to replace the spark plugs. It is recommended that you have the spark plugs replaced by your SUBARU dealer.
The spark plugs should be replaced ac- cording to the maintenance schedule in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.
in (mm) Manual transmission oil
Deflection
New belt
Used belt
0.28 – 0.35 (7.0 – 9.0)
0.30 – 0.33 (7.5 – 8.5)
0.35 – 0.43 (9.0 – 11.0)
0.35 – 0.40 (9.0 – 10.0)
(cid:132) Checking the oil level
Non-turbo models: 1) Yellow handle
B00366
11-18 Maintenance and service
Drive belts
B00365
1) Power steering pump pulley 2) Air conditioner compressor pulley 3) Crank pulley
The alternator, power steering pump, and air conditioner compressor depend on drive belts. Satisfactory performance re- quires that belt tension be correct.
To check belt tension, place a straight- edge (ruler) across two adjacent pulleys and apply a force of 22 lbs (98 N, 10 kg) midway between the pulleys by using a spring scale. Belt deflection should be the amount specified. If a belt is loose, cracked, or worn, contact your SUBARU dealer.
Maintenance and service 11-19
(cid:132) Recommended grade and
viscosity
Each oil manufacturer has its own base oils and additives. Never use different brands together.
Oil grade:
API classification GL-5
-30 -20 -10
10
20
30
40
-20
20
40
60
80
100
90
85W
80W
75W/90
SAE viscosity No. and applicable tem- perature
B00032
B00367
B00368
Turbo models
Check the oil level monthly. 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and stop the engine. 2. Pull out the dipstick, wipe it clean, and insert it again.
1) Upper level 2) Lower level
3. Pull out the dipstick again and check the oil level on it. If it is below the lower level, add oil through the dipstick hole to bring the level up to the upper level.
Be careful not to spill manual trans- mission oil when adding it. If oil touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If oil gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
11-20 Maintenance and service
Automatic transmission fluid
(cid:132) Checking the fluid level The automatic transmission fluid expands largely as its temperature rises; the fluid level differs according to fluid tempera- ture. Therefore, there are two different scales for checking the level of hot fluid and cold fluid on the dipstick.
Though the fluid level can be checked without warming up the fluid on the “COLD” range, we recommend checking the fluid level when the fluid is at operating temperature. (cid:84) Checking the fluid level when the
fluid is hot
Check the fluid level monthly. 1. Drive the vehicle several miles to raise the temperature of the transmission fluid up to normal operating temperature; 154
to 176(cid:113)F (70 to 80(cid:113)C) is normal. 2. Park the vehicle on a level surface and set the parking brake. 3. First shift the selector lever in each po- sition. Then shift it in the “P” position, and run the engine at idling speed.4. Pull out the dipstick and check the fluid level on the gauge. If it is below the lower level on the “HOT” range, add the recom- mended automatic transmission fluid up to the upper level. (cid:84) Checking the fluid level when the
fluid is cold
When the fluid level has to be checked without time to warm up the automatic transmission, check to see that the fluid level is between the lower level and upper level on the “COLD” range. If it is below that range, add fluid up to the upper level. Be careful not to overfill.
Be careful not to spill automatic transmission fluid when adding it. If automatic transmission fluid touch- es the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If au- tomatic transmission fluid gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
B00369
B00370
1) Yellow handle
1) HOT range 2) COLD range 3) Upper level 4) Lower level
(cid:132) Recommended fluid
Use one of the following types of automat- ic transmission fluid.
Genuine Subaru Automatic Transmis- sion Fluid Type-HP IDEMITSU ATF HP Castrol Transmax J Pennzoil ATF-J* * Available only in the USA (except Alaska and Hawaii)
NOTE For optimum transmission perfor- mance, only use the automatic trans- mission fluid that is recommended and provided by Subaru. If the recommended automatic trans- mission fluid is unavailable, Dexron III may be temporarily used. If the Dexron III is used continuously there will be a noticeable increase in the vibration and noise from the automatic transmis- sion.
Front differential gear oil (AT vehicles)
(cid:132) Checking the oil level
B00371
1) Yellow handle
Check the differential oil level monthly. 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and stop the engine. 2. Pull out the dipstick, wipe it clean, and insert it again.
Maintenance and service 11-21
B00372
1) Upper level 2) Lower level
3. Pull out the dipstick again and check the oil level on it. If it is below the lower level, add oil to bring the level up to the up- per level.
Be careful not to spill front differen- tial gear oil when adding it. If oil touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If oil gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
– CONTINUED –
11-22 Maintenance and service
(cid:132) Recommended grade and
viscosity
Each oil manufacturer has its own base oils and additives. Never use different brands together.
Oil grade:
API classification GL-5
-30 -20 -10
10
20
30
40
-20
20
40
60
80
100
90
85W
80W
75W/90
SAE viscosity No. and applicable tem- perature
B00032
Rear differential gear oil
(cid:132) Checking the gear oil level Your vehicle may be equipped with a rear differential protector. The differential pro- tector provides protection to the rear dif- ferential assembly during off-road use. Removal of the rear differential protector is not required when checking the oil level.
1) Filler hole 2) Drain hole 3) Oil level
B00374
Remove the plug from the filler hole and check the oil level. The oil level should be kept even with the bottom of the filler hole. If the oil level is below the bottom edge of the hole, add oil through the filler hole to raise the level.
B00373
1) Filler plug 2) Drain plug
-30 -20 -10
10
20
30
40
-20
20
40
60
80
100
90
85W
80W
75W/90
SAE viscosity No. and applicable tem- perature
B00032
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill rear differ- ential gear oil when adding it. If rear differential gear oil touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If rear differential gear oil gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
(cid:121) If the vehicle requires frequent re- filling, there may be an oil leak. If you suspect a problem, have the vehicle checked at your SUBARU dealer.
(cid:132) Recommended grade and
viscosity
Each oil manufacturer has its own base oils and additives. Never use different brands together.
Oil grade:
API classification GL-5
Maintenance and service 11-23
Power steering fluid
(cid:132) Checking the fluid level
1) Reservoir tank
B00375
Be careful not to burn yourself be- cause the fluid may be hot.
(cid:121) When power steering fluid is be- ing added, use only clean fluid, and be careful not to allow any dirt into the tank. And never use dif- ferent brands together.
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(cid:132) Recommended fluid
“Dexron III” Type Automatic Transmis- sion Fluid
11-24 Maintenance and service
(cid:121) Avoid spilling fluid when adding it
in the tank.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill power steer- ing fluid when adding it. If power steering fluid touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If power steering fluid gets on the exhaust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
The power steering fluid expands greatly as its temperature rises; the fluid level dif- fers according to fluid temperature. There- fore, the reservoir tank has two different checking ranges for hot and cold fluids.
Check the power steering fluid level monthly. 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface, and stop the engine.
B00376
1) Specified range
2. Check the fluid level of the reservoir tank. When the fluid is hot after the vehicle has been run: Check that the oil level is be- tween “HOT MIN” and “HOT MAX” on the surface of the reservoir tank. When the fluid is cool before the vehicle is run: Check that the oil level is between “COLD MIN” and “COLD MAX” on the sur- face of the reservoir tank. 3. If the fluid level is lower than the appli- cable “MIN” line, add the recommended fluid as necessary to bring the level be- tween the “MIN” and “MAX” line.
If the fluid level is extreme low, it may indi- cate possible leakage. Consult your SUB- ARU dealer for an inspection.
Maintenance and service 11-25
Use only brake fluid from a sealed con- tainer.
(cid:132) Recommended brake fluid
FMVSS No. 116, fresh DOT 3 or DOT 4
brake fluid(cid:121) When adding brake fluid, be care- ful not to allow any dirt into the reservoir.
(cid:121) Never splash the brake fluid over painted surfaces or rubber parts. Alcohol contained in the brake flu- id may damage them.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill brake fluid when adding it. If brake fluid touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If brake fluid gets on the ex- haust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
Brake fluid
(cid:132) Checking the fluid level
(cid:121) Never let brake fluid contact your eyes because brake fluid can be harmful to your eyes. If brake fluid gets in your eyes, immediately flush them thoroughly with clean water. For safety, when perform- ing this work, wearing eye protec- tion is advisable.
(cid:121) Brake fluid absorbs moisture from the air. Any absorbed moisture can cause a dangerous loss of braking performance.
(cid:121) If the vehicle requires frequent re- filling, there may be a leak. If you suspect a problem, have the vehi- cle checked at your SUBARU dealer.
(cid:121) Never use different brands of brake fluid together. Also, avoid mixing DOT 3 and DOT 4 brake flu- ids even if they are of the same brand.
B00125
Check the fluid level monthly. Check the fluid level on the outside of the reservoir. If the level is below “MIN”, add the recommended brake fluid to “MAX”.
11-26 Maintenance and service
Clutch fluid (MT vehicles)
(cid:132) Checking the fluid level
Never let clutch fluid contact your eyes because clutch fluid can be harmful to your eyes. If clutch fluid gets in your eyes, immediately flush them thoroughly with clean water. For safety, when performing this work, wearing eye protection is ad- visable.
(cid:121) Clutch fluid absorbs moisture from the air. Any absorbed mois- ture can cause improper clutch operation.
(cid:121) If the vehicle requires frequent re- filling, there may be a leak. If you suspect a problem, have the vehi- cle checked at your SUBARU dealer.
(cid:121) Never use different brands of
clutch fluid together.
(cid:121) When clutch fluid is added, be careful not to allow any dirt into the tank.
(cid:121) Never splash the clutch fluid over painted surfaces or rubber parts. Alcohol contained in the clutch fluid may damage them.
(cid:121) Be careful not to spill clutch fluid when adding it. If clutch fluid touches the exhaust pipe, it may cause a bad smell, smoke, and/or a fire. If clutch fluid gets on the ex- haust pipe, be sure to wipe it off.
(cid:132) Recommended clutch fluid
FMVSS No. 116, fresh DOT 3 or DOT 4
brake fluidAvoid mixing DOT 3 and DOT 4
brake fluids even if they are of the same brand.B00126
Check the fluid level on the outside of the reservoir. If the level is below “MIN” level mark, add the recommended clutch fluid to “MAX” level mark. Use only clutch fluid from a sealed con- tainer.
Brake booster
Brake pedal
If the brake booster does not operate as described in the following, have it checked by your SUBARU dealer. 1. With the engine off, depress the brake pedal several times, applying the same pedal force each time. The distance the pedal travels should not vary. 2. With the brake pedal depressed, start the engine. The pedal should move slight- ly down to the floor. 3. With the brake pedal depressed, stop the engine and keep the pedal depressed for 30 seconds. The pedal height should not change. 4. Start the engine again and run for ap- proximately one minute then turn it off. Depress the brake pedal several times to check the brake booster. The brake boost- er operates properly if the pedal stroke de- creases with each depression.
Check the brake pedal free play and re- serve distance according to the mainte- nance schedule in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.
(cid:132) Checking the brake pedal free
play
B00377
1) 0.02 – 0.08 in (0.5 – 2.0 mm)
Stop the engine and firmly depress the brake pedal several times. Lightly press the brake pedal down with one finger to check the free play with a force of less than 2 lbs (10 N, 1 kg). If the free play is not within proper specifi- cation, contact your SUBARU dealer.
Maintenance and service 11-27
(cid:132) Checking the brake pedal re-
serve distance
B00378
1) More than 2.56 in (65 mm)
Depress the pedal with a force of approxi- mately 66 lbs (294 N, 30 kg) and measure the distance between the upper surface of the pedal pad and the floor. When the measurement is smaller than the specification, or when the pedal does not operate smoothly, contact with your SUBARU dealer.
11-28 Maintenance and service
Clutch pedal (MT vehicles)
Check the clutch pedal free play and re- serve distance according to the mainte- nance schedule in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.
(cid:132) Checking the clutch function Check the clutch engagement and disen- gagement. 1. With the engine idling, check that there are no abnormal noises when the clutch pedal is depressed, and that shifting into 1st or reverse feels smooth. 2. Start the vehicle by releasing the pedal slowly to check that the engine and trans- mission smoothly couple without any sign of slippage.
(cid:132) Checking the clutch pedal
free play
Hill holder (MT vehicles – if equipped)
Ensure that the hill holder operates prop- erly under the following circumstances: 1. Stop the vehicle on an uphill grade by depressing the brake pedal and clutch pedal, with the engine running. 2. Make sure that the vehicle does not move backward even after the brake ped- al is released. 3. Then make sure the vehicle starts climbing the grade by following the normal starting procedures.
If the hill holder does not operate as de- scribed above, contact with your SUBARU dealer.
B00377
1) 0.15 – 0.44 in (4 – 11 mm)
Lightly press the clutch pedal down with your finger until you feel resistance, and check the free play. If the free play is not within proper specifi- cation, contact your SUBARU dealer.
Maintenance and service 11-29
imately 22 mph (35 km/h). 2. With the parking brake release button pushed in, pull the parking brake lever SLOWLY and GENTLY. (Pulling with a force of approximately 33 lbs [147 N, 15
kg].) 3. Drive the vehicle for approximately 220
yards (200 meters) in this condition. 4. Wait 5 to 10 minutes for the parking brake to cool down. Repeat this proce- dure. 5. Check the parking brake stroke. If the parking brake stroke is out of the specified range, adjust it by turning the adjusting nut located on the parking brake lever.Parking brake stroke:
7 – 8 notches / 44 lbs (196 N, 20 kg)
Replacement of brake pad and lining
you apply the brake pedal, have the brake pads serviced by your SUBARU dealer as soon as possible.
If you continue to drive despite the scraping noise from the audible brake pad wear indicator, it will re- sult in the need for costly brake ro- tor repair or replacement.
700040
The right front disc brake and the right rear disc brake have audible wear indicators on the brake pads. If the brake pads wear close to their service limit, the wear indica- tor makes a very audible scraping noise when the brake pedal is applied.
If you hear this scraping noise each time
(cid:132) Breaking-in of new brake
pads and linings
When replacing the brake pad or lining, use only genuine SUBARU parts. After re- placement, the new parts must be broken in as follows: (cid:84) Brake pad and lining While maintaining a speed of 30 to 40 mph (50 to 65 km/h), step on the brake pedal lightly. Repeat this five or more times. (cid:84) Parking brake lining
A safe location and situation should be selected for break-in driving.
Pulling the parking brake lever too forcefully may cause rear wheels to lock. To avoid this, be cer- tain to pull the lever up slowly and gently.
the
1. Drive the vehicle at a speed of approx-
11-30 Maintenance and service
Parking brake stroke
Tires and wheels
(cid:132) Types of tires You should be familiar with type of tires present on your vehicle. (cid:84) All season tires The factory-installed tires on your new ve- hicle are all season tires. All season tires are designed to provide an adequate measure of traction, handling and braking performance in year-round driving including snowy and icy road con- ditions. However all season tires do not of- fer as much traction performance as win- ter (snow) tires in heavy or loose snow or on icy roads. All season tires are identified by “ALL SEASON” and/or “M+S” (Mud & Snow) on the tire sidewall. (cid:84) Summer tires Summer tires are high-speed capability tires best suited for highway driving under dry conditions. Summer tires are inadequate for driving on slippery roads such as on snow-cov- ered or icy roads. If you drive your vehicle on snow-covered or icy roads, we strongly recommend the use of winter (snow) tires. When installing winter tires, be sure to re-
B00379
Check the parking brake stroke according to the maintenance schedule in the “War- ranty and Maintenance Booklet”. When the parking brake is properly adjusted, braking power is fully applied by pulling the lever up seven to eight notches gently but firmly (approximately 44 lbs, 196 N, 20
kg). If the parking brake lever stroke is not within the specified range, have the brake system checked and adjusted at your SUBARU dealer.place all four tires. (cid:84) Winter (snow) tires Winter tires are best suited for driving on snow-covered and icy roads. However winter tires do not perform as well as sum- mer tires and all season tires on roads oth- er than snow-covered and icy roads.
(cid:132) Tire inspection Check on a daily basis that the tires are free from serious damage, nails, and stones. At the same time, check the tires for abnormal wear. Contact your SUBARU dealer immediate- ly if you find any problem. NOTE (cid:121) When the wheels and tires strike curbs or are subjected to harsh treat- ment as when the vehicle is driven on a rough surface, they can suffer damage that cannot be seen with the naked eye. This type of damage does not become evident until time has passed. Try not to drive over curbs, potholes or on oth- er rough surfaces. If doing so is un- avoidable, keep the vehicle’s speed down to a walking pace or less, and ap- proach the curbs as squarely as possi- ble. Also, make sure the tires are not pressed against the curb when you
park the vehicle. (cid:121) If you feel unusual vibration while driving or find it difficult to steer the ve- hicle in a straight line, one of the tires and/or wheels may be damaged. Drive slowly to the nearest authorized SUBA- RU dealer and have the vehicle in- spected.
(cid:132) Tire pressures and wear Maintaining the correct tire pressures helps to maximize the tires’ service lives and is essential for good running perfor- mance. Check and, if necessary, adjust the pressure of each tire (including the spare) at least once a month (for example, during a fuel stop) and before any long journey.
Check the tire pressures when the tires are cold. Use a pressure gauge to adjust the tire pressures to the values shown on the tire placard. The tire placard is located on the door pillar on the driver’s side.
Driving even a short distance warms up the tires and increases the tire pressures. Also, the tire pressures are affected by the outside temperature. It is best to check tire pressure outdoors before driving the vehi- cle.
When a tire becomes warm, the air inside it expands, causing the tire pressure to in- crease. Be careful not to mistakenly re- lease air from a warm tire to reduce its pressure. NOTE (cid:121) The air pressure in a tire increases by approximately 4.3 psi (30 kPa, 0.3
kgf/cm2) when the tire becomes warm. (cid:121) The tires are considered cold when the vehicle has been parked for at least three hours or has been driven less than one mile (1.6 km).Maintenance and service 11-31
Incorrect tire pressures detract from con- trollability and ride comfort, and they cause the tires to wear abnormally. (cid:121) Correct tire pressure (tread worn evenly)
B00050
Roadholding is good, and steering is re- sponsive. Rolling resistance is low, so fuel consumption is also lower.
800221
Do not let air out of warm tires to ad- just pressure. Doing so will result in low tire pressure.
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11-32 Maintenance and service
(cid:121) Abnormally low tire pressure (tread worn at shoulders)
(cid:121) Abnormally high tire pressure (tread worn in center)
B00051
B00052
Rolling resistance is high, so fuel con- sumption is also higher.
Ride comfort is poor. Also, the tire magni- fies the effects of road-surface bumps and dips, possibly resulting in vehicle damage.
If the tire placard shows tire pressures for the vehicle when fully loaded and for the vehicle when towing a trailer, adjust the tire pressures to the values that match current loading conditions.
Driving at high speeds with exces- sively low tire pressures can cause the tires to deform severely and to rapidly become hot. A sharp in- crease in temperature could cause tread separation, and destruction of the tires. The resulting loss of vehi- cle control could lead to an acci- dent.
(cid:132) Wheel balance Each wheel was correctly balanced when your vehicle was new, but the wheels will become unbalanced as the tires become worn during use. Wheel imbalance caus- es the steering wheel to vibrate slightly at certain vehicle speeds and detracts from the vehicle’s straight-line stability. It can also cause steering and suspension sys- tem problems and abnormal tire wear. If you suspect that the wheels are not cor- rectly balanced, have them checked and adjusted by your SUBARU dealer. Also have them adjusted after tire repairs and after tire rotation. NOTE Loss of correct wheel alignment* caus- es the tires to wear on one side and re- duces the vehicle’s running stability.
Contact your SUBARU dealer if you no- tice abnormal tire wear.
*: The suspension system is designed to hold each wheel at a certain alignment (relative to the other wheels and to the road) for optimum straight-line stability and cornering perfor- mance.
(cid:132) Wear indicators
When a tire’s tread wear indicator becomes visible, the tire is worn be- yond the acceptable limit and must be replaced immediately. With a tire in this condition, driving at high speeds in wet weather can cause the vehicle to hydroplane. The re- sulting loss of vehicle control can lead to an accident. NOTE For safety, inspect tire tread regularly and replace the tires before their tread wear indicators become visible.
B00327
1) New tread 2) Worn tread 3) Tread wear indicator
Each tire incorporates a tread wear indica- tor, which becomes visible when the depth of the tread grooves decreases to 0.063 in (1.6 mm). A tire must be replaced when the tread wear indicator appears as a solid band across the tread.
Maintenance and service 11-33
(cid:132) Tire rotation direction mark
R OTATION
B00550
Example of tire rotation direction mark 1) Front
If the tire has the rotation direction specifi- cation, the tire rotation direction mark is placed on its sidewall.
When you install a tire that has the tire ro- tation direction mark, install the tire with the direction mark facing forward.
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11-34 Maintenance and service
(cid:132) Tire rotation
Vehicles equipped with unidirectional tires 1) Front
B00545
B00546
Vehicles equipped with 4 non-unidirec- tional tires 1) Front
Tire wear varies from wheel to wheel. To maximize the life of each tire and ensure that the tires wear uniformly, it is best to rotate the tires every 7,500 miles (12,500
km). Move the tires to the positions shown in the illustration each time they are rotat- ed. Replace any damaged or unevenly worn tire at the time of rotation. After tire rota- tion, adjust the tire pressures and make sure the wheel nuts are correctly tight- ened.After driving approximately 600 miles (1,000 km), check the wheel nuts again and retighten any nut that has become loose.
(cid:132) Tire replacement The wheels and tires are important and in- tegral parts of your vehicle’s design; they cannot be changed arbitrarily. The tires fit- ted as standard equipment are optimally matched to the characteristics of the vehi- cle and were selected to give the best pos- sible combination of running performance, ride comfort, and service life. It is essential for every tire to have a size and construc- tion matching those shown on the tire placard and to have a speed symbol and load index matching those shown on the tire placard.
Using tires of a non-specified size detracts from controllability, ride comfort, braking performance, speedometer accuracy and odometer accuracy. It also creates incor- rect body-to-tire clearances and inappro- priately changes the vehicle’s ground clearance.
All four tires must be the same in terms of manufacturer, brand (tread pattern), con- struction, and size. You are advised to re- place the tires with new ones that are identical to those fitted as standard equip- ment.
For safe vehicle operation, SUBARU rec- ommends replacing all four tires at the same time.
(cid:121) All four tires must be the same in terms of manufacturer, brand (tread pattern), construction, de- gree of wear, speed symbol, load index and size. Mixing tires of dif- ferent types, sizes or degrees of wear can result in damage to vehi- cle’s power train. Use of different types or sizes of tires can also dangerously reduce controllabili- ty and braking performance and can lead to an accident.
(cid:121) Use only radial tires. Do not use radial tires together with belted bias tires and/or bias-ply tires. Do- ing so can dangerously reduce controllability, resulting in an ac- cident.
(cid:132) Wheel replacement When replacing wheels due, for example, to damage, make sure the replacement wheels match the specifications of the wheels that are fitted as standard equip- ment. Replacement wheels are available from SUBARU dealers.
Use only those wheels that are specified for your vehicle. Wheels not meeting specifications could in- terfere with brake caliper operation and may cause the tires to rub against the wheel well housing dur- ing turns. The resulting loss of vehi- cle control could lead to an acci- dent.
Aluminum wheels (if equipped)
Aluminum wheels can be scratched and damaged easily. Handle them carefully to maintain their appearance, performance, and safety.
(cid:121) When any of the wheels is removed and replaced for tire rotation or to change a flat, always check the tightness of the wheel nuts after driving approximately 600
miles (1,000 km). If any nut is loose, tight- en it to the specified torque. (cid:121) Never apply oil to the threaded parts, wheel nuts, or tapered surface of the wheel. (cid:121) Never let the wheel rub against sharp protrusions or curbs. (cid:121) Be sure to fit tire chains on uniformly and completely around the tire, otherwise the chains may scratch the wheel. (cid:121) When wheel nuts, balance weights, or the center cap is replaced, be sure to re- place them with genuine SUBARU parts designed for aluminum wheels.Maintenance and service 11-35
Windshield washer fluid
Never use engine coolant as washer fluid because it could cause paint damage.
300523
If you spray washer fluid on the windshield but the supply of washer fluid appears to diminish, check the level of washer fluid in the tank.
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11-36 Maintenance and service
Hi
Low
300172
Washer fluid level gauge
FULL
300524
Remove the washer tank filler cap, then check the fluid level indicated by the level gauge (attached to the inside of the cap). If the level is near the “Low” mark, add flu-
id until it reaches the “Hi” level on the level gauge or the “Full” mark on the tank. Use windshield washer fluid. If windshield washer fluid is unavailable use clean wa- ter. In areas where water freezes in winter, use an anti-freeze type windshield washer fluid. SUBARU Windshield Washer Fluid contains 58.5% methyl alcohol and 41.5% surfactant, by volume. Its freezing temper- ature varies according to how much it is di- luted, as indicated in the following table.
Washer Fluid Concentration
30%
50%
100%
Freezing
Temperature
10.4(cid:113)F (–12(cid:113)C)
–4(cid:113)F (–20(cid:113)C)
–49(cid:113)F (–45(cid:113)C)
Never use engine coolant as washer fluid because it could cause paint damage.
In order to prevent freezing of washer flu- id, check the freezing temperatures in the table above when adjusting the fluid con- centration to the outside temperature. If you fill the reservoir tank with a fluid with a different concentration from the one
used previously, purge the old fluid from the piping between the reservoir tank and washer nozzles by operating the washer for a certain period of time. Otherwise, if the concentration of the fluid remaining in the piping is too low for the outside tem- perature, it may freeze and block the noz- zles.
