1998 Oldsmobile Cutlass Owners Manual

0 Parking Lamps

Sidemarker Lamps

License Plate Lamps Instrument Panel Lights

Rotate the switch to OFF to turn all of the lamps off. Lamps On Reminder If you open the driver’s door and turn off the ignition while leaving the lamps on, you will hear a warning chime.

Rotate the turn signal lever end cap up one position to turn on:

Parking Lamps Side Marker Lamps Taillamps

0 License Plate Lamps

Instrument Panel Lights

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Daytime Running Lamps Daytune Running Lamps (DRL) can make it easier for others to see the front of your vehicle during the day. DRL can be helpful in many different driving conditions, but they can be especially helpful in the short periods after dawn and before sunset. The DRL system will make your low-beam headlamps come on at a reduced brightness when:

The ignition is on, The headlamp switch is in the OFF position or you have turned on your parking lamps The light sensor detects daytime light,

0 The parking brake is released and The shift lever is not in PARK (P).

When the DRL system is on, the taillamps, sidemarker, parking lamps and instrument panel lights will not be illuminated. The DRL system will remain off any time your vehicle is in PARK (P) or the parking brake is engaged. As with any vehicle, you should turn on the regular headlamp system when you need it.

Fog Lamps

The button for your fog. lamps is on the instrument panel, to the left of the steering wheel, beside the instrument panel intensity control.

Interior Lamps Instrument Panel Intensity Control

. .

You can brighten or dim the instrument panel cluster lights by rotating the switch, located to the left of the steering wheel.

When using fog lamps, the ignition must be on, as well as the parking lamps or the low-beam headlamps. I s h the top of the button to turn the fog lamps on. An indicator light on the button will glow when .lamps are on. Push the top of the button again to turn the fog lamps off. The fog lamps will turn off whenever the high-beam -headlamps are turned on. When the high-beams are turned off, the fog lamps will come on again.

the fog

Illuminated EntryExit System When you open any door, the lamps inside your vehicle will go on. These lamps will fade out after about 40 seconds, or when the ignition is turned on after all doors have been closed. If the ignition was recently turned off, the lamps will fade out after four seconds. These lamps will also go on when you press the vehicle symbol or UNLOCK button on the optional remote lock control transmitter.

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If the ignition has been off for less than two minutes, the lamps inside your vehicle will stay on for about 15 seconds after your key is removed from the ignition to provide an illuminated exit. Mirror Reading Lamps Press the switch on the lower front portion of the mirror to turn on the lamp. Press the other side of the switch to turn the'lamp off. Three-Position Dome Lamp The switch on this lamp has three positions. The ON position will turn on the light. The DOOR position will turn on the light whenever a door is opened. The OFF position will shut off the lamp completely, even when a door is opened. Trunk Lamp The trunk lamp comes on when you open your trunk.

Battery Saver Your vehicle is equipped with a battery saver feature designed to protect your vehicle's battery. When any interior lamp (trunk, reading, footwell or glove box) is left on when the ignition is turned off, the off battery saver system will automatically shut the lamp after 20 minutes. This will avoid draining the battery. To reactivate the interior lamps, either:

The ignition must be turned on, The activated lamp switch must be turned off and then on or A front door must be opened.

The battery saver feature will also be activated when any door of your vehicle is left open.

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Power Remote Control Mirror (If Equipped)

Convex Outside Mirror Your passenger’s side rnirror is convex. A convex mirror’s surface is curved so you can see more from the diver’s seat.

This switch is located on the armrest of the driver’s door. Move this switch to the left or right depending on is the off which mirror you need to adjust (center position.) Then adjust the direction of the mirror using the paddle marked with arrows just below the selector switch.

A canvex mimor can make things (like other vehicles) look farther away thaa they really are. If you cut too sharply into the right lane, you could hit a vehicle on your right. Check your inside mirror or gl’ance over your shoulder before changing lanes.

Storage ComDartments Glove Box Use the key to lock and unlock the glove box. To open, pull the glove box handle toward you.

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Center Console Storage Area

The center console has two separate storage areas. The upper compartment, which is also the armrest, can be used to store maps, gloves, etc. To open, pull up on the driver’s side of the lid.

The lower area can be used to store cassette tapes or compact discs. To open the lower compartment. pull UD on the m e s t .

You can use it to pfug in additional electric accessories. Be sure to follow the proper installation instructions that are included with any electrical accessory you install. The accessory power outlets are protected by a fuse and have a maximum current level.

Pull down on the outer ring to use the garment hook.

., . ' I

:! .,.I 1 J

Sunvisors To block out glare, you c m swing down the visors. You can also swing them to the side. Visor Vanity Mirror Lift the cover to expose the visor vanity mirror. Illuminated Visor Vanity Mirror (If Equipped) This mirror is located on the passenger's side visor. When you lift the cover, the light will turn on. Accessory Power Outlets Your vehicle is equipped with two accessory power outlets. There is one located at the front of the center console and one located on the passenger's side of the center console.

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Sunroof (If Equipped) Open the sunshade by hand when using the vent position. To use the vent position of the sunroof, push the switch back and release it. This is the express vent mode of the sunroof. To fully open the sunroof, push the switch back again and release. This is the express open mode of the sunroof and sunshade. In both the vent and full open positions, the air flow can be adjusted for driving comfort by pushing and holding the switch forward until the sunroof moves to a desired position.

To close the sunroof, push the switch forward and hold it until the sunroof is closed. The sunroof will stop if the switch is released during operation. Remember to close the sunshade by hand. The sunroof glass panel cannot be opened or closed your vehicle has an electrical failure.

if

NOTICE:

Do not attempt to force the sunshade forward of the sliding glass panel. Damage will occur and the sunroof may not open-or close properly.

fast

Your instrument panel is designed to let you know at a glance how your vehicle is running. You’ll know how you’re going, how much fuel you’re using, and many other things you’ll need to drive safely and economically. The main components of your instrument panel are: A. Fog Lamp Switch B. Instrument Panel Intensity Control C. Turn SignaVMultifunction Lever D. Cruise Control Switches (If Equipped) E. Horn F. Instrument Panel Cluster G. Windshield Wiper/Washer Lever H. Ignition Switch I. Hazard Warning Flashers Switch J. Fuse Panels

K. Climate Control System L. Accessory Power Outlets M. Gear Shift Lever N. Audio System 0. Park Brake Pedal P. Tilt Wheel Lever Q. Hood Release Lever R. Trunk Release Button S. Instrument Panel Cupholder

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Instrument Panel Cluster Your vehicle is equipped with this cluster, which includes indicator w d g lights and gages that me explained on the following pages. Be sure to read them.

CRUISE

THEFT SYSTEM

CHECK

OIL

SERVICE VEHICLE SOON

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b

Speedometer and Odometer Your speedometer lets you see your speed in both miles per hour (mph) and kilometers per hour (km/h). Your odometer shows how far your vehicle has been driven, in eithex miles (used in the United States) or kilometers (used in Canada). Your vehicle has a tamper resistant odometer. The digital odometer will read 99,999.9 if someone tries to turn it back. You may wonder what happens if your vehicle needs a new odometer installed. zf the new one can be set to the mileage total of the old odometer, then it must be. But if it can’t, then it’s set at zero and a label must be put on reset the driver’s door to show the old mileage reading when button the new odometer was installed. button, you can toggle between

Trip Odometer

The trip odometer can tell you how far you have driven since you last reset it.

The reset button is located next to the trip odometer. To the trip odometer to zero, press and hold the reset

for one to two seconds. Also by pressing this

the odometer and the

trip odometer.

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Tachometer

RPM x 1000

The tachometer shows your engine speed in revolutions per minute (rpm).

1 NOTICE:

Do not run your engine at speeds in the red area, or engine damage may occur.

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Warning Lights, Gages and Indicators This part describes the warning lights and gages that may be on your vehicle. The pictures will help you locate them. Warning lights and gages can signal that something is wrong before it becomes serious enough to cause an expensive repair or replacement, Paying attention to your warning lights and gages could also save you or others from injury. Warning lights come on when there may be or is a problem with one of your vehicle’s functions. As you will see in the details on the next few pages, some warning lights come on briefly when you start the engine just to let you know they’re working. If you are familiar with this section, you should not be alarmed when this happens. Gages can indicate when there may be or is a problem with one of your vehicle’s functions. Often gages and warning lights work together to let you know when there’s a problem with your vehicle. When one of the warning lights comes on and stays on when you are driving, or when one of the gages shows there may be a problem, check the section that tells you what to do about it. Please follow this manual’s advice.

Waiting to do repairs can be costly -- and even dangerous. So please get to know your warning lights and gages. They’re a big help. Safety Belt Reminder Light When the key is turned to ON or START, a chime will come on for about eight seconds to remind people to fasten their safety belts, unless the driver’s safety belt is already buckled.

Air Bag Readiness Light There is an air bag readiness light on the instrument panel, which shows the air bag symbol. The system checks the air bag’s electrical system for malfunctions. The light tells you if there is an electrical problem. The system check includes the air bag sensor, the air bag modules, the wiring and the crash sensing and diagnostic module. For more information on the air bag system, see “Air Bag” in the Index.

The safety belt light will also come on and stay on for about 20 seconds, then it will flash for about 55 seconds.

If the driver’s belt is already buckled, neither the chime nor the light will come on.

This light will come on when you start your engine, and it will flash for a few seconds. Then the light should go out. This mans the svstem is rea , ..

If the air bag readiness light stays on after you start the engine or comes on when you are driving, your air bag system may not work properly. Have your vehicle serviced right away. The air bag readiness light should flash for a few seconds when you turn the ignition key to ON. If the it fixed so it will be light doesn’t come on then, have ready to warn you if there is a problem.

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Your brake system may not be working properly if the brake system warning light is on. Driving with the brake system warning light on can lead to an accident. If the light is still on after you’ve pulled off the road and stopped carefully, have the vehicle towed for service.

When the ignition is on, the brake system warning light will also come on when you set your parking brake. The light will stay on if your parking brake doesn’t release fully. If it stays on after your parking brake released, it means you have a brake problem.

is fully

Anti-Lock Brake System Warning Light With the anti-lock brake system, this light will come on when you turn your ignition on or start your engine and it will stay on for three seconds. That’s normal.

If the light stays on, turn the ignition to OFF. Or, if the light comes on and the chime sounds when you’re driving, stop as soon as possible and turn the ignition the system. If off. Then start the engine again to reset the light still stays on, or comes on again while you’re driving, your vehicle needs service. If the regular brake system warning light isn’t on, you still have brakes, but you don’t have anti-lock brakes. If the regular brake system warning light is also on, you don’t have anti-lock brakes and there’s a problem with your regular brakes. See “Brake System Warning Light” earlier in this section. The anti-lock brake system warning light should come on briefly when you turn the ignition key to ON. If the light doesn’t come on then, have it fixed so it will be ready to warn you if there is a problem.

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Low Coolant Warning Light

This light comes on briefly when you turn your ignition to ON.

If this light comes on and stays on and you hear a chime, the vehicle should promptly be pulled off the road and the coolant level checked. See “Engine Coolant” in the Index. If there are visible signs of steam, see “Engine Overheating” in the Index before opening the hood. Have your vehicle serviced as soon as you can.

If you have been operating your vehicle under normal driving conditions, you should pull off the road, stop your vehicle and turn off the engine as soon as possible. In “Problems on the Road,” this manual shows what to do. See “Engine Overheating” in the Index.

Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Check Engine Light)

NOTICE:

CHECK

Your vehicle is equipped with a computer which monitors operation of the fuel, ignition and emission control systems.

If you keep driving your vehicle with this light on, after a while, your emission controls may not work as well, your fuel economy may not be as good and your engine may not run as smoothly. This could lead to costly repairs that may not be covered by your warranty.

for the life

This system is called OBD 11 (On-Board Diagnostics-Second Generation) and is intended to assure that emissions are at acceptable levels of the vehicle, helping to produce a cleaner environment. The CHECK ENGINE light comes on to indicate that there is a problem and service is required. Malfunctions often will be indicated by the system before any problem is apparent. This may prevent more serious damage to your vehicle. This system is also designed to assist your service technician in correctly diagnosing any malfunction.

Modifications made to the engine, transaxle, exhaust or fuel system of your vehicle or the replacement of the original tires with other than those of the same Tire Performance Criteria (TPC) can affect your vehicle’s emission controls and may cause the light to come on. modifications to these systems could lead to costly repairs not covered by your warranty. This may also result in a failure to pass a required Emission Inspection/Maintenance test.

This light should come on, as a check to show you it is working, when the ignition is on and the engine is not running. If the light doesn’t come on, have it repaired. This light will also come on during a malfunction in one of two ways:

Light Flashing -- A misfire condition has been detected. A misfire increases vehicle emissions and may damage the emission control system on your vehicle. Retailer or qualified service center diagnosis and service may be required.

0 Light On Steady -- An emission control system malfunction has been detected on your vehicle. Retailer or qualified service center diagnosis and service may be required.

If the Light Is Flashing The following may prevent more serious damage to your vehicle:

Reducing vehicle speed. Avoiding hard accelerations. Avoiding steep uphill grades. If you are towing a trailer, reduce the amount of cargo being hauled as soon as it is possible.

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Have you recently changed brands of fuel? If so, be sure to fuel your vehicle with quality fuel (see “Fuel” in the Index). Poor fuel quality will cause your engine not to run as efficiently as designed. You may notice this as stalling after start-up, stalling when you put the vehicle into gear, misfiring, hesitation on acceleration or stumbling on acceleration. (These conditions may go away once the engine is warmed up.) This will be detected by the system and cause the light to turn on. If you experience one or more of these conditions, change the fuel brand you use. It will require at least one full tank of the proper fuel to turn the light off. If none of the above steps have made the light turn off, have your retailer or qualified service center check the vehicle. Your retailer has the proper test equipment and diagnostic tools to fix any mechanical or electrical problems that may have developed.

Oil Pressure Warning Light

If you have a low engine oil pressure problem, this light will stay on after you start your engine, or come on and you will hear a chime when you are driving.

This indicates that your engine is not receiving enough oil. The engine could be low on oil, or could have some other oil problem. Have it fixed immediately.

When the ignition is on but the engine is not running, the light will come on as a test to show you it is working, but the light will go out when the en-gine is running. If it doesn’t come on with the ignition on, you may have a problem with the fuse or bulb. Have it fixed right away.

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Check Oil Light

Don’t keep ariving if the oil pressure is low. If you do, your engine can become so hot that it catches fire. You or others could be burned. Check your oil as soon as possible and have your vehicle serviced.

OIL

This light will come on briefly when you start your vehicle.

I NOTICE:

Damage to your engine from neglected oil problems can be costly and is not covered by your warranty.

If the light comes on and you hear a chime or stays on after starting your vehicle, your engine oil level should be checked. Prior to checking the oil level, be sure your vehicle has been shut off for several minutes and is on a level surface. Check the oil level on your dipstick and bring it to the proper level. See “Engine Oil” in the Index. NOTE: A false CHECK OIL light may be generated when parking on steep grades. The oil level monitoring system only checks oil level during the brief period between key on and engine crank. It does not monitor engine oil level when the engine is running. Additionally, an oil level check is only performed if the engine has been turned off for a considerable period of time allowing the oil normally in circulation to drain back into

the oil pan.

Passlock Warning Light

Low Washer Light

This light will come on briefly when you turn the ignition on. The light will stay on until the engine starts.

LOW WASH

The LOW WASH light will come on briefly when you turn on the ignition.

If the vehicle fails to

If the light flashes for several seconds, the passlock system has entered a tamper mode. start, see “Passlock” in the Index. If the light comes on continuously while driving and stays on, there may be a problem with system. Your vehicle will not be protected by passlock, and you should see your retailer. Cruise Light

the passlock

The CRUISE light comes on whenever you set your cruise control.

CRUISE

It will also come on, chime and stay on if the fluid reservoir is less than one-third full. Service Vehicle Soon Light

This light will come on briefly when you turn on the ignition.

SERVICE VEHICLE SOON

It will stay on if it detects a problem on the vehicle, such as a DRL or an ALC malfunction. If this happens, see your retailer service department as soon as possible.

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Door Ajar Light

When the ignition is on, this light will stay on until all doors are closed and completely latched.

is unlatched after You will hear a brief chime if a door the engine is started and the vehicle is not in PARK (P) or NEUTRAL (N). Fuel Gage

Here are four things that some owners ask about. None of these show a problem with your fuel gage:

At the service station, the gas pump shuts off before the gage reads full.

0 It takes a little more or less fuel to fill up than the gage indicated. For example, the gage may have indicated the tank was half full, but it actually took a little more or less than half the tank’s capacity the tank. The gage moves a little when you turn a corner or, I speed up. The gage goes back to empty when you turn off the ignition.

to fill

Your fuel gage tells you about how much fuel you have left, when the ignition is on. When the indicator nears empty, the light will come on and you will hear a chime. You still have a little fuel left, but you should get more soon.

UN

E 0 FUELDOOR 83 D

Section 3 Comfort Controls and Audio Systems

In this section, you’ll find out how to operate the comfort control and audio systems offered with your vehicle. Be sure to read about the particular systems supplied with your vehicle.

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3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5 3 -5 3 -6 3-6 3-7 3-9

Cornfort Controls Climate Control System with Air Conditioning Air Conditioning Heating Defogging and Defrosting Windows Rear Window Defogger Ventilation System Audio Systems Setting the Clock AM-FM Stereo AM-FM Stereo with Cassette Tape Player and Automatic Tone Control (If Equipped)

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3-18 3-20 3 -20 3-21 3-21 3-21 3-21

AM-FM Stereo with Cassette Tape and Compact Disc Player with Automatic Tone Control (If Equipped) Theft-Deterrent Feature Understanding Radio Reception Tips About Your Audio System Care of Your Cassette Tape Player Care of Your Compact Discs Care of Your Compact Disc Player Fixed Mast Antenna

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Comfort Controls This section tells you how to make your air system work for you. The climate control system with air conditioning uses ozone-friendly R- 134a refrigerant. With this system, you can control the ventilation and heating in your vehicle. Your vehicle also has the flow-through ventilation system described later in this section. Climate Control System with Air Conditioning

% Fan Knob The left knob selects the force of air you want. Turn the knob to the right to increase fan speed and to the left to decrease fan speed. To turn the fan off (which will also turn the climate control system off), turn the knob all the way to the left. In any other setting, the fan will run continuously. The fan must be on to run the air conditioning compressor. Temperature Knob The center knob regulates the temperature of the air coming through the system. Mode Knob The right control knob changes the functions of the system. /Ir VENT In this position most of the airflow comes +e through the instrument panel outlets. A small amount of air comes through the floor vents. Set the center control knob to the temperature desired. +e .)rr BI-LEVEL: In this position the airflow comes through the instrument panel outlets and through the floor outlets. Set the center control knob to the temperature desired.

e +’ FLOOR: In this position most of the airflow comes through the floor outlet. The rest of the air comes through the windshield and side window vents. Set the center control knob to the temperature desired. w e +# DEFOG: This position divides the airflow between the floor outlets and the windshield defroster vent.

DEFROST This position directs most of the

airflow through the windshield defroster vent. Some of the air goes to the floor outlets. The air conditioning compressor will run automatically in this position when it is needed to help dry the air

in the vehicle.

Air Conditioning Compressor Button Press A/C to operate the air conditioner compressor. The indicator light will glow when the button is pressed to indicate that the air conditioning system has been turned on.

Recirculation Button

Press REClRCULATION to close all outside vents. The indicator light on the button will glow when it is pressed. RECIRCULATION is available in all modes, except DEFOG and DEFROST.

It is not recommended to use this button in the floor mode with heat. It is useful to quickly cool the vehicle on hot days. &b Outside Air Press OUTSIDE AIR to allow the circulation of outside air in the vehicle. The indicator light on the button will glow when pressed. OUTSIDE AIR is available in all modes including OFF and is automatically activated in DEFOG and DEFROST. Air Conditioning The air conditioner and heater work best if you keep your windows closed while using them. Your vehicle also has the flow-through ventilation system described later in this section. On very hot days, open the windows long enough to let hot inside air escape. This reduces the time it takes for your vehicle to cool down, which should help fuel economy. On cool, but sunny days, the sun may warm your upper body, but your lower body may not be w m enough. You can use BI-LEVEL with the temperature knob in the middle and the A/C button pushed in. The system will bring in outside air and direct slightly warmer air to your lower body.

’

’ . For quick cool-down on very hot days, use VENT with . the temperature knob all the way in the blue area and the ; A/C and RECIRCULATION buttons pressed. If this ; setting is used for long periods of time, the air in your vehicle may become too dry. -1 For normal cooling on hot days, use VENT with the ’: temperature knob in the blue area and the A/C button f pushed in. The system will bring in outside air and cool it. Heating On cold days, use FLOOR and the outside air button with the temperature knob all the way in the red area. The system will bring in outside air, heat it and send it to the floor outlets. Your vehicle has heat outlets that are directed toward

’

. : the rear seat. Keep the area under the front seats

clear of obstructions so the heated air can reach the rear seat passengers. :If your vehicle has an engine coolant heater, you can use it to help your system provide warm air faster when it’s cold outside (0 O F (- 18 O C ) or lower). An engine coolant heater warms the coolant your engine and heating system use to provide heat. See “Engine

’ . Coolant Heater” in the Index.

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..

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Defogging and Defrosting Windows Your system has two settings for clearing the front and side windows. For each setting, adjust the temperature control as desired. To defrost the front window quickly, rotate the temperature control knob all the way in the red area. Use DEFROST and adjust the fan to the highest speed. To warrn passengers while keeping the front window clean, use DEFOG. Your vehicle is equipped with side window defogger vents. The side window defogger vents are located on the outside of the side instrument panel vents. To defrost the side windows rotate the temperature control knob all the way in the red area. Use FLOOR and adjust the fan to the highest speed. To control fogging of the windows rotate the temperature control knob all the way in the red area. Use DEFOG and adjust the fan to the highest speed. To defog the side windows while using air conditioning use BI-LEVEL and adjust the fan to the highest speed and press the A/C button. For added airflow to the side windows aim the side vents toward the windows and close the center vents. RECIRCULATION will not work in DEFROST and DEFOG. This is done to prevent recirculation of humid inside air and allow the system to work properly.

Rear Window Defogger

The rear window defogger uses a warming grid to remove fog from the rear window.

Press the defogger switch. The indicator light will glow. The rear window defogger will turn itself off after about 10 minutes after the first time the button is pressed, and after 5 lninutes each additional time the button is pressed. You can turn the defogger off by pressing the button again or turning off the ignition. Do not attach a temporary vehicle license across the defogger grid on the rear window.

NOTICE:

Don’t use a razor blade or anything else sharp on the inside of the rear window. If you do, you could cut or damage the warming grid, and the repairs wouldn’t be covered by your warranty.

Ventilation System For mild outside temperatures when little heating or cooling is needed, use VENT to direct outside air through your vehicle. Your vehicle also has the flow-through ventilation system. Your vehicle’s flow-through ventilation system supplies outside air into the vehicle when it is moving. Outside air will also enter the vehicle when the air conditioning fan is running.

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AM-FM Stereo

Playing the Radio PWR-VOL: Press this knob to turn the system on and off. To increase volume, turn the knob to the right. Turn it to the left to decrease volume.

RECALL: Press this button briefly to recall the station being played or to display the clock. To change what is normally shown on the display (station or time), press the RECALL button until you see the display you want, then hold the RECALL button until the display flashes. If you press the button when the ignition is off, the clock will show for a few seconds. Finding a Station AM-FM: Press this button to switch between AM, FM1 and FM2. The display shows your selection. TUNE: Press this knob lightly so it extends. Turn it to its stored choose radio stations. Push the knob back into position when you’re not using it. SEEK: Press the up or down arrow to go to the next higher or lower station and stay there. The sound will mute while seeking. SCAN: Press this button and release it to listen to stations for a few seconds. The radio will go to a station, stop for a few seconds, then go on to the next station. Press the button again to stop scanning. The sound will mute while scanning, and SCAN will appear on the display. If you press SCAN for more than two seconds, the radio will change to P SCAN mode. P SCAN will appear on the display.

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PUSHBUTTONS: The five numbered pushbuttons let you return to your favorite stations. You can set up to 15 stations (five A M , five FM1 and five FM2). Just: 1. Turn the radio on. 2. Press AM-FM to select the band. 3. Tune in the desired station. 4. Press and hold one of the five numbered buttons.

The sound will mute. When it returns, release the button. Whenever you press that numbered button, the station you set will return.

5. Repeat the steps for each pushbutton. P SCAN: Press SCAN for more than two seconds, and P SCAN will appear on the display. The radio will go to the first preset station stored on your pushbuttons, stop for a few seconds, then go on to the next preset station. Press SCAN again to stop scanning. Setting the Tone BASS: Press this knob lightly so it extends. Turn the knob to increase or decrease bass.

TREB: Press this knob lightly so it extends. Then pull the knob all the way out. Turn it to increase or decrease treble. If a station is weak or noisy, you may want to decrease the treble. Push these knobs back into their stored positions when you’re not using them.

Adjusting the Speakers BAL: Press this knob lightly so it extends. Turn the knob to move the sound to the left or right speakers. The middle position balances the sound between the speakers. FADE: Press the knob lightly so it extends. Then pull the knob all the way out. Turn it to move the sound to the front or rear speakers. The middle position balances the sound between the speakers. Push these knobs back into their stored positions when you’re not using them.

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AM-FM Stereo with Cassette Tape Player and Automatic Tone Control (If Equipped)

Playing the Radio PWR-VOL: Press this knob to turn the system on and off. To increase volume, turn the knob to the right. Turn it to the left to decrease volume.

If you

RCL: Press this button briefly to recall the station being played or to display the clock. To change what is normally shown on the display (station or time), press the RCL button until you see the display you want, then hold the RCL button until the display flashes. press the button when the ignition is off, the clock will show for a few seconds. Finding a Station AM-FM: Press this button to switch between AM, FM1 and FM2. The display shows your selection. TUNE: Press this knob lightly so it extends. Turn it to choose radio stations. Push the knob back into its stored position when you’re not using it. SEEK: Press the up or down arrow to go to the next higher or lower station and stay there. The sound will mute while seeking. SCAN: Press this button and release it to listen to stations for a few seconds. The radio will go to a station, stop for a few seconds, then go on to the next station. Press the button again to stop scanning. The sound will mute while scanning, and SCAN will appear on the display. If you press SCAN for more than two seconds, the radio will change to P SCAN mode. P SCAN will appear on the display.

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3-10

Adjusting the Speakers BAL: Press this knob lightly so it extends. Turn the knob to move the sound to the left or right speakers. The middle position balances the sound between the speakers. FADE: Press the knob lightly so it extends. Then pull the knob all the way out. Turn it to move the sound to the front or rear speakers. The middle position balances the sound between the speakers. Push these knobs back into their stored positions when you’re not using them. Playing a Cassette Tape Your tape player is built to work best with tapes that are 30 to 45 minutes long on each side. Tapes longer than that are so thin they may not work well in this player. The longer side with the tape visible should face to the right. If the ignition is on, but the radio is off, the tape can be inserted and will begin playing. If you hear nothing but a garbled sound, the tape may not be in squarely. Press EJECT to remove the tape and start over. While the tape is playing, use the VOL, FADE, BAL, TREB, BASS, TONE, SEEK and SCAN controls just as you do for the radio. The display will show TP with a

box around it and an arrow to show which side of the tape is playing. Your tape bias is set automatically. When a metal or chrome tape is inserted, HI-BIAS appears on the display. If you want to insert a tape when the ignition is off, first press EJECT or RCL. If E and a number appear on the radio display, the tape won’t play because of an error.

E10: The tape is tight and the player can’t turn the tape hubs. Remove the tape. Hold the tape with the open end down and try to turn the right hub to the left with a pencil. Turn the tape over and repeat. hubs do not tum easily, your tape may be damaged and should not be used in the player. Try a new tape to make m e your player is working properly. Ell: The tape is broken. Try a new tape.

If the

If any error occurs repeatedly or if an error can’t be corrected, please contact your retailer. If your radio displays an error number, write to your retailer when reporting the problem. REV (1): Press this button to reverse the tape rapidly. Press it again to return to playing speed. The radio will play the last-selected station while the tape reverses. You may select stations during REV operation by using TUNE.

it down and provide it

3-11

FWD (2): Press this button to advance quickly to another part of the tape. Press the button again to return to playing speed. The radio will play the last-selected station while the tape advances. You may select stations during F W D operation by using TUNE. PROG (3): Press this button to play the other side of the tape. 00 (4): Press this button to reduce background noise. Note that the double-D symbol will appear on the display. Dolby Noise Reduction is manufactured under a license from Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. Dolby and the double-D symbol are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. TONE: Press this button to select a tone while playing a cassette. The tone will be automatically set whenever you play a cassette tape. SEEK: Press the up or down arrow to search for the next or previous selection on the tape. Your tape must have at least three seconds of silence between each selection for SEEK to work. SCAN: Press this button to listen to each selection for a few seconds. The tape will go to the next selection, stop

for a few seconds, then go on to the next selection. Press this button again to stop scanning. The sound will mute, SCAN will appear on the display and the tape direction arrow will blink while scanning. AM-FM: Press this button to play the radio when a tape is in the player. The tape will stop but remain in the player. TAPE AUX: If you have a tape inserted and the radio is playing, press TAPE AUX to play your tape. To return to the radio while a tape is playing, press AM-FM. The inactive tape will remain safely inside the radio for future listening. EJECT: Press this button to remove the tape. The radio will play. EJECT may be activated with either the ignition or radio off. Cassettes may be loaded with the radio and ignition off if this button is pressed first. CLN: If this message appears on the display, the cassette tape player needs to be cleaned. tapes, but you should clean it as soon as possible to prevent damage to the tapes and player. See “Care of Your Cassette Tape Player” in the Index. After you clean the player, press and hold EJECT for five seconds to reset the CLN indicator. The radio will display --- to show the indicator was reset.

It will still play

3-12

AM-FM Stereo with Cassette Tape and Compact Disc Player with Automatic Tone Control (If Equipped)

Playing the Radio PVVR-VOL: Press this knob to turn the system on and off. To increase volume, turn the knob to the right. Turn it to the left to decrease volume.

If you

is off, the clock will

RCL: Press this button briefly to recall the station being played or to display the clock. To change what is normally shown on the display (station or time), press the RCL button until you see the display you want, then hold the RCL button until the display flashes. press the button when the ignition show for a few seconds. Finding a Station AM-FM: Press this button to switch between AM, F M 1 and FM2. The display shows your selection. TUNE: Press this knob lightly so it extends. Turn it to choose radio stations. Push the knob back into its stored position when you’re not using it. SEEK: Press the up or down arrow to go to the next higher or lower station and stay there. The sound will mute while seeking. SCAN: Press this button and release it to listen to stations for a few seconds. The radio will go to a station, stop for a few seconds, then go on to the next station. Press the button again to stop scanning. The sound will mute while scanning, and SCAN will appear on the display. If you press SCAN for more than two seconds, the radio will change to P SCAN mode. P SCAN will appear on the display.

3-13

PUSHBUTTONS: The five numbered pushbuttons let you return to your favorite stations. You can set up to 15 stations (five AM, five FM1 and five FM2). Just: 1. Turn the radio on. 2. Press AM-FM to select the band. 3. Tune in the desired station. 4. Press TONE to select the equalization that best suits

the type of station selected.

5. Press and hold one of the five numbered buttons.

The sound will mute. When it returns, release the button. Whenever you press that numbered button, the station you set will return and the tone that you selected will also be automatically selected for that button.

6. Repeat the steps for each pushbutton. P SCAN: Press SCAN for more than two seconds, and P SCAN will appear on the display. The radio will go to the first preset station stored on your pushbuttons, stop for a few seconds, then go on to the next preset station. Press SCAN again to stop scanning.

Setting the Tone BASS: Press this knob lightly so it extends. Turn the knob to increase or decrease bass. When you use this control, the radio’s tone setting will switch to manual. TREB: Press this knob lightly so it extends. Then pull the knob all the way out. Turn the knob to increase or decrease treble. When you use this control, the radio’s tone setting will switch to manual. or noisy, you may want to decrease Push these knobs back into their stored positions when you’re not using them. TONE: This feature allows you to choose preset bass and treble equalization settings designed for jazz, vocal, pop, rock and classical stations. JAZZ will appear on the display when you first press TONE. Each time you press it, another setting will appear on the display. Press it again after CLASSIC appears and MANUAL will appear. Tone control will return to the BASS and TREB knobs. Also, if you use the BASS and TREB knobs, control will return to them and MANUAL will appear.

If a station is weak the treble.

3-14

Adjusting the Speakers BAL: Press this knob lightly so it extends. Turn the knob to move the sound to the left or right speakers. The middle position balances the sound between the speakers. FADE: Press the knob lightly so it extends. Then pull the knob all the way out. Turn it to move the sound to the front or rear speakers. The middle position balances the sound between the speakers. Push these knobs back into their stored positions when you’re not using them. Playing a Cassette Tape Your tape player is built to work best with tapes that are 30 to 45 minutes long on each side. Tapes longer than that are so thin they may not work well in this player. The longer side with the tape visible should face to the right. If the ignition is on, but the radio is off, the tape can be inserted and will begin playing. If you hear nothing but a garbled sound, the tape may not be in squarely. Press EJECT to remove the tape and start over. While the tape is playing, use the VOL, FADE, BAL, TREB, BASS, TONE, SEEK and SCAN controls just as you do for the radio. The display will show TP with a

box around it and an arrow to show which side of the tape is playing. Your tape bias is set automatically. When a metal or chrome tape is inserted, HI-BIAS appears on the display. If you want to insert a tape when the ignition is off, first press EJECT or RCL. If E and a number appear on the radio display and the tape won’t play because of an error, it could be that: 0 E10: The tape is tight and the player can’t turn the

tape hubs. Remove the tape. Hold the tape with the open end down and try to turn the right hub to the left with a pencil. Turn the tape over and repeat. If the hubs do not turn easily, your tape may be damaged and should not be used in the player. Try a new tape to make sure your player is working properly. Ell: The tape is broken. Try a new tape.

If any error occurs repeatedly or if an error can’t be corrected, please contact your retailer. If your radio displays an error number, write it down and provide it to your retailer when reporting the problem. REV (1): Press this button to reverse the tape rapidly. Press it again to return to playing speed. The radio will play the last-selected station while the tape reverses. You may select stations during REV operation by using TUNE.

3-15

FWD (2): Press this button to advance quickly to another part of the tape. Press the button again to return to playing speed. The radio will play the last-selected station while the tape advances. You may select stations during FWD operation by using TUNE. PROG (3): Press this button to play the other side of the tape. 00 (4): Press this button to reduce background noise. Note that the double-D symbol will appear on the display. Dolby Noise Reduction is manufactured under a license from Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. Dolby and the double-D symbol are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. TONE: Press this button to select a tone while playing a cassette. The tone will be automatically set whenever you play a cassette tape. SEEK: Press the up or down arrow to search for the next or previous selection on the tape. Your tape must have at least three seconds of silence between each selection for SEEK to work. SCAN: Press this button to listen to each selection for a few seconds. The tape will go to the next selection, stop for a few seconds, then go on to the next selection. Press

this button again to stop scanning. The sound will mute while scanning, SCAN will appear on the display and the tape direction arrow will blink while scanning. AM-FM: Press this button to play the radio when a tape is in the player. The tape will stop but remain in the player. TAPE-CD: Press this button if you have a disc loaded in the CD player and the radio is playing, to play a compact disc. Press AM-FM to return to the radio when a compact disc is playing. Press TAPE-CD to switch between the tape and compact disc if both are loaded. The inactive tape or CD will remain safely inside the radio for future listening. The display will show TP and CD. EJECT: Press this button to remove the tape. The radio will play. EJECT may be activated with either the ignition or radio off. Cassettes may be loaded with the radio and ignition off if this button is pressed first. CLN: If this message appears on the display, the cassette tape player needs to be cleaned. tapes, but you should clean it as soon as possible to prevent damage to the tapes and player. See “Care of Your Cassette Tape Player” in the Index. After you clean the player, press and hold EJECT for five seconds to reset the CLN indicator. The radio will display --- to show the indicator was reset.

It will still play

3-16

Playing a Compact Disc With the ignition on, insert a disc partway into the slot, label side up. The player will pull it in and the disc should begin playing. If you want to insert a CD when the ignition is off, first press EJECT or RCL. The CD player will play either normal-size discs or the smaller 8 cm discs with an adapter. Note that when the disc is inserted, CD will be displayed. When the disc is playing, a box will appear around CD on the display. If you select a tone setting for your CD, it will be activated each time you play a CD. As each new track starts to play, the track number will appear in the display. If E (error) and a number appear on the radio display and the disc comes out, it could be that: 0 E20: The road is too rough. The disc should play

when the road is smoother. E20: The disc is duly, scratched, wet or upside down.

0 E20: The air is very humid. If so, wait about an hour

and try again.

If any error occurs repeatedly or if an error can’t be corrected, please contact your retailer. If your radio

displays an error number, write it down and provide it to your retailer when reporting the problem. REV (1): Press and hold this button to quickly reverse within a track. You will hear sound at a reduced volume. The display will show elapsed time. FWD (2): Press and hold this button to quickly advance within a track. You will hear sound at a reduced volume. The display will show elapsed time. RDM (5): Press this button to hear the tracks in random, rather than sequential, order. RDM will appear on the display when you press this button. TONE: Press this button to select a tone while playing a compact disc. The tone will be automatically set whenever you play a compact disc. SEEK: Press the down arrow to go to the start of the current track if more than eight seconds have played. Press the up arrow to go to the next track. If you hold the button or press it more than once, the player will continue moving rearward or forward through the disc. SCAN: Press this button to listen to each selection for a few seconds. The disc will go to the next selection, stop for a few seconds, then go on to the next selection. Press this button again to stop scanning. The sound will mute while scanning, SCAN will appear on the display.

3-17

the button until

RCL: Press this button to see which track is playing. Press it again within five seconds to see how long it has been playing. To change what is normally shown on the display (track or elapsed time), press the button until you see the display you want, then hold the display flashes. While elapsed time is showing, EL TM will appear on the display. AM-FM: Press this button to play the radio when a disc is in the player. TAPE-CD: Press this button to change to the tape or disc function when the radio is on and either a tape or CD is inserted. Press AM-FM to return to the radio while a CD or tape is playing. The inactive tape or CD will remain safely inside the radio for future listening. If you have the optional CD changer and the CD changer is loaded, the TAPE-CD button will activate the changer and a box will be lighted around CDC in the display. EJECT: Press this button to remove the compact disc or cassette tape. The icon with the box around display will eject and the radio will play. EJECT may be activated with either the ignition or radio off. Cassettes and compact discs may be loaded with the radio and ignition off if this button is pressed first.

it on the

if stolen.

Theft-Deterrent Feature THEFTLOCK@ is designed to discourage theft of your radio. It works by using a secret code to disable all radio functions whenever battery power is removed. The THEFTLOCK feature for the radio may be used or ignored. If ignored, the system plays normally and the is radio is not protected by the feature. If THEFTLOCK activated, your radio will not operate When THEFTLOCK is activated, the radio will display LOC to indicate a locked condition anytime battery power is removed. If your battery loses power for any reason, you must unlock the radio with the secret code before it will operate. Activating the Theft-Deterrent Feature The instructions which follow explain how to enter your secret code to activate the THEFTLOCK system. It is recommended that you read through all nine steps before starting the procedure. NOTE: If you allow more than 15 seconds to elapse between any steps, the radio automatically reverts to time and you must start the procedure over at Step 4. 1. Write down any three or four-digit number from

000 to 1999 and keep it in a safe place separate from the vehicle.

2. Turn the ignition to ACC or ON. 3. Turn the radio off. 4. Press the 1 and 4 buttons together. Hold them down

until --- shows on the display. Next you will use the secret code number which you have written down.

5. Press MN and 000 will appear on the display. 6. Press MN again to make the last two digits agree

with your code.

Unlocking the Theft-Deterrent Feature After a Power Loss Enter your secret code as follows; pause no more than 15 seconds between steps: 1. LOC appears when the ignition is on. 2. Press MN and 000 will appear on the display. 3. Press MN again to make the last two digits agree

with your code.

7. Press HR to make the first one or two digits agree

4. Press HR to make the first one or two digits agree

with your code.

8. Press AM-FM after you have confirmed that the

code matches the secret code you have written down. The display will show REP to let you know that you need to repeat Steps 5 through 7 to confirm your secret code.

9. Press AM-FM and this time the display will show

SEC to let you know that your radio is secure.

with your code.

5. Press AM-FM after you have confirmed that the

code matches the secret code you have written down. The display will show SEC, indicating the radio is now operable and secure.

If you enter the wrong code eight times, INOP will appear on the display. You will have to wait an hour with the ignition on before you can try again. When you try again, you will only have three chances to enter the correct code before INOP appears. If you lose or forget your code, contact your retailer.

3-19

3-20

To help avoid hearing loss or darnage: 0 Adjust the volume control to the lowest setting. 0 Increase volume slowly until you hear comfortably

and clearly.

NOTICE: vehicle -- like a tape player, CB radio, mobile Before you add any sound equipment to your telephone or two-way radio -- be sure you can add what you want. If you can, it’s very important to do it properly. Added sound equipment may interfere with the operation of your vehicle’s engine, Delco Electronics radio or other systems, and even damage them. Your vehicle’s systems may interfere with the operation of sound equipment that has been added improperly. So, before adding sound equipment, check with your retailer and be sure to check Federal rules covering mobile radio and telephone units.

Care of Your Cassette Tape Player A tape player that is not cleaned regularly can cause reduced sound quality, ruined cassettes or a damaged mechanism. Cassette tapes should be stored in their cases away from contaminants, direct sunlight and extreme heat. If they aren’t, they.may not operate properly or may cause failure of the tape player. Your tape player should be cleaned regularly after every 50 hours of use. Your radio may display CLN to indicate for 50 hours without that you have used your tape player resetting the tape clean timer. If this message appears on the display, your cassette tape player needs to be cleaned. It will still play tapes, but you should clean it as soon as possible to prevent damage to your tapes and player. If you notice a reduction in sound quality, try a known good cassette to see if it is the tape or the tape player at fault. If this other cassette has no improvement in sound quality, clean the tape player. The recommended cleaning method for your cassette tape player is the use of a scrubbing action, non-abrasive cleaning cassette with pads which scrub the tape head as the hubs of the cleaner cassette turn. The recommended cleaning cassette is available through your retail facility (GM Part No. 12344789).

3-21

When using a scrubbing action, non-abrasive cleaning cassette, it is normal for the cassette to eject because your unit is equipped with a cut tape detection feature If and a cleaning cassette may appear as a broken tape. the cleaning cassette ejects, insert the cassette at least three times to ensure thorough cleaning. You may also choose a non-scrubbing action, wet-type to clean cleaner which uses a cassette with a fabric belt the tape head. This type of cleaning cassette will not eject on its own. A non-scrubbing action cleaner may not clean as thoroughly as the scrubbing type cleaner. The use of a non-scrubbing action, dry-type cleaning cassette is not recommended. After you clean the player, press and hold EJECT for five seconds to reset the CLN indicator. The radio will display --- to show the indicator was reset. Cassettes are subject to wear and the sound quality may degrade over time. Always make sure the cassette tape is in good condition before you have your tape player serviced.

Care of Your Compact Discs Handle discs carefully. Store them in their original cases or other protective cases and away Erom direct sunlight and dust. If the surface of a disc is soiled, dampen a clean, soft cloth in a mild, neutral detergent solution and clean it, wiping from the center to the edge. Be sure never to touch the signal surface when handling discs. Pick up discs by grasping the outer edges or the edge of the hole and the outer edge. Care of Your Compact Disc Player The use of CD lens cleaner discs is not advised, due to the risk of contaminating the lens of the CD optics with lubricants internal to the CD mechanism. Fixed Mast Antenna The fixed mast antenna can withstand most car washes without being damaged. If the mast should ever become slightly bent, you can straighten it out by hand. If the mast is badly bent, as it might be by vandals, you should replace it. Check every once in a' while to be sure the mast is still tightened to the fender.

3-22

Section 4 Your Driving and the Road

Here you’ll find information about driving on different kinds of roads and in varying weather conditions. We’ve asu included many other useful tips on driving.

4-2 4-3 4-6 4-6 4-9 4-11 4- 12 4- 13 4- 14 4-16

Defensive Driving Drunken Driving Control of a Vehicle Braking Steering Off-Road Recovery Passing Loss of Control Driving at Night Driving in Rain and on Wet Roads

4-19 4-20 4-21 4-22 4-22 4-24 4-28 4-30 4-32

City Driving Freeway Driving Before Leaving on a Long Trip Highway Hypnosis Hill and Mountain Roads Winter Driving Recreational Vehicle Towing Loading Your Vehicle Towing a Trailer

4-1

it means

Defensive driving really means “be ready for anything.” On city streets, rural roads or freeways, “always expect the unexpected.” Assume that pedestrians or other drivers are going to be careless and make mistakes. Anticipate what they might do. Be ready for their mistakes. Rear-end collisions are about the most preventable of accidents. Yet they are common. Allow enough following distance. It’s the best defensive driving maneuver, in both city and rural driving. You never know when the vehicle in front of you is going to brake or turn suddenly. Defensive driving requires that a driver concentrate on the driving task. Anything that distracts from the driving task -- such as concentrating on a cellular telephone call, reading, or reaching for something on the floor -- makes proper defensive driving more difficult and can even cause a collision, with resulting injury. Ask a passenger to help do things like this, or pull off the road in a safe place to do them yourself. These simple defensive driving techniques could save your life.

Defensive Driving The best advice anyone can give about driving Drive defensively. Please start with a very important safety device in your Oldsmobile: Buckle up. (See “Safety Belts” in the Index.)

is:

4-2

Drunken Driving Death and injury associated with drinking and driving is a national tragedy. It’s the number one contributor to the highway death toll, claiming thousands of victims every year. Alcohol affects four things that anyone needs to drive a vehicle:

Judgment

0 Muscular Coordination 0 Vision

Attentiveness.

Police records show that almost half of all motor vehcle-related deaths involve alcohol. In most cases, these deaths are the result of someone who was drinking and driving. In recent years, over 17,000 annual motor vehicle-related deaths have been associated with the use of alcohol, with more than 300,000 people injured. Many adults -- by some estimates, nearly half the adult population -- choose never to drink alcohol, so they never drive after drinking. For persons under 2 1 , it’s against the law in every U.S. state to drink alcohol. There are good medical, psychological and developmental reasons for these laws.

The obvious way to solve this highway safety problem is for people never to drink alcohol and then drive. But what if people do? How much is “too much” if the driver plans to drive? It’s a lot less than many might think. Although it depends on each person and situation, here is some general information on the problem. The Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of someone who is drinking depends upon four things: 0 The amount of alcohol consumed

The drinker’s body weight The amount of food that is consumed before and during drinking

0 The length of time it has taken the drinker to

consume the alcohol.

According to the American Medical Association, a 180-lb. (82 kg) person who drinks three 12-ounce (355 ml) bottles of beer in an hour will end up with a BAC of about 0.06 percent. The person would reach the same BAC by drinking three 4-ounce (120 ml) glasses of wine or three mixed drinks if each had 1-1/2 ounces (45 ml) of a liquor like whiskey, gin or vodka.

--

---___ - - ~--.

Since alcohol is carried in body water, this means that a woman generally will reach a higher BAC level than a man of her same body weight when each has the same number of drinks. The law in many U.S. states sets the legal limit at a BAC of 0.10 percent. In a growing number of U.S. states, and throughout Canada, the limit is 0.08 percent. In some other countries, it’s even lower. The BAC limit for all commercial drivers in the United States is 0.04 percent. The BAC will be over 0.10 percent after three to six drinks (in one hour). Of course, as we’ve seen, it depends on how much alcohol is in the drinks, and how quickly the person drinks them. But the ability to drive is affected well below a BAC of 0.10 percent. Research shows that the driving skills of many people are impaired at a BAC approaching 0.05 percent, and that the effects are worse at night. All drivers are impaired at BAC levels above 0.05 percent. Statistics show that the chance of being in a collision increases sharply for drivers who have a BAC 0.05 percent or above. A driver with a BAC level of 0.06 percent has doubled his or her chance of having a collision. At a BAC level of 0.10 percent, the chance of this driver having a collision is 12 times greater; at a level of 0.15 percent, the chance is 25 times greater!

of

It’s the amount of alcohol that counts. For example, if the same person drank three double martinis (3 ounces or 9Oml of liquor each) within an how, the person’s BAC would be clo,se to 0.12 percent. A person who consumes food just before or during drhking will have a somewhat lower BAC level. There is a gender difference, too. Women generally have a lower relative percentage of body water than men.

Control of a Vehicle You have three systems that make your vehicle go where you want it to go. They are the brakes, the steering and the accelerator. All three systems have to do their work at the places where the tires meet

the road.

Braking Braking action involves perception time and reaction time. First, you have to decide to push on the brake pedal. That's perception time. Then you have to bring up your foot and do it. That's reaction time. Average reaction time is about 3/4 of a second. But that's only an average. It might be less with one driver and as long as two or three seconds or more with another. Age, physical condition, alertness, coordination and eyesight all play a part. So do alcohol, drugs and frustration. But even in 3/4 of a second, a vehicle moving at 60 mph (100 krn/h) travels 66 feet (20 m). That could be a lot of distance in an emergency, so keeping enough space between your vehicle and others is important. And, of course, actual stopping distances vary greatly with the surface of the road (whether it's pavement or gravel); the condition of the road (wet, dry, icy); tire tread; the condition of your brakes; the weight of the vehicle and the amount of brake force applied.

Avoid needless heavy braking. Some people drive in spurts -- heavy acceleration followed by heavy braking -- rather than keeping pace with traffic. This is a mistake. Your brakes may not have time to cool between hard stops. Your brakes will wear out much faster if you do a lot of heavy braking. If you keep pace with the traffic and allow realistic following distances, you will eliminate a lot of unnecessary braking. That means better braking and longer brake life. If your engine ever stops while you’re driving, brake normally but don’t pump your brakes. If you do, the pedal may get harder to push down. If your engine stops, you will still have some power brake assist. But you will use it when you brake. Once the power assist is used up, it may take longer to stop and the brake pedal will be harder to push.

Anti-Lock Brakes (ABS) Your vehicle has anti-lock brakes (ABS). ABS is an advanced electronic braking system that will help prevent a braking skid.

If there’s a problem with the anti-lock brake system, this warning light will stay on. See “Anti-Lock Brake System Warning Light” in the Index.

4-7

‘Me anb-lock system can change the brake pressure faster than any driver could. The computer is programmed to make the most of available tire and road conditions.

is wet. jumps out in

Here’s how anti-lock works. Let’s say the road You’re driving safely. Suddenly an animal front of you. You slam on the brakes. Here’s what happens with ABS. A computer senses that wheels are slowing down. If one of the wheels is about to stop rolling, the computer will separately work the brakes at each front wheel and at both rear wheels.

4-8

You can steer around the obstacle while braking hard. As you brake, your computer keeps receiving updates on wheel speed and controls braking pressure accordingly.

Remember: Anti-lock doesn’t change the time you neea to get your foot up to the brake pedal or always decrease stopping distance. If you get too close to the vehicle in front of you, you won’t have time to apply your brakes if that vehicle suddenly slows or stops. Always leave enough room up ahead to stop, even though you have anti-lock brakes.

Using Anti-Lock Don’t pump the brakes. Just hold the brake pedal down firmly and let anti-lock work for you. You may feel a slight brake pedal pulsation or notice some noise, but this is normal. Braking in Emergencies With anti-lock, you can steer and brake at the same time. In many emergencies, steering can help you more than even the very best braking. Steering Power Steering If you lose power steering assist because the engine stops or the system is not functioning, you can steer but it will take much more effort.

Steering Tips Driving on Curves It’s important to take curves at a reasonable speed. A lot of the “driver lost control” accidents mentioned on the news happen on curves. Here’s why: Experienced driver or beginner, each of us is subject to the same laws of physics when driving on curves. The traction of the tires against the road surface makes it possible for the vehicle to change its path when you turn the front wheels. If there’s no traction, inertia will keep the vehicle going in the same direction. If you’ve ever tried to steer a vehicle on wet ice, you’ll understand this. The traction you can get in a curve depends on the condition of your tires and the road surface, the angle at which the curve is banked, and your speed. While you’re in a curve, speed is the one factor you can control. Suppose you’re steering through a sharp curve. Then you suddenly accelerate. Both control systems - steering and acceleration -- have to do their work where the tires meet the road. Adding the sudden acceleration can demand too much of those places. You can lose control.

4-9

Steering in Emergencies There are times when steering can be more effective than braking. For example, you come over a hill and find a truck stopped in your lane, or a car suddenly pulls out from nowhere, or a child darts out from between parked cars and stops right in front of you. You can avoid these problems by braking -- if you can stop in time. But sometimes you can’t; there isn’t room. That’s the time for evasive action -- steering around the problem. Your vehicle can perform very well these. First apply your brakes. (See “Braking in Emergencies” earlier in this section.) It is better to remove as much speed as you can from a possible collision. Then steer around the problem, to the right depending on the space available.

in emergencies like

left or

What should you do if this ever happens? Ease up on the accelerator pedal, steer the vehicle the way you want it to go, and slow down. Speed limit signs near curves warn that you should adjust your speed. Of course, the posted speeds are based on good weather and road conditions. Under less favorable conditions you’ll want to go slower. If you need to reduce your speed as you approach a curve, do it before you enter the curve, while your front wheels are straight ahead. Try to adjust your speed so you can “drive” through the curve. Maintain a reasonable, steady speed. Wait to accelerate until you are out of the curve, and then accelerate gently into the straightaway.

4-10

Off-Road Recovery You may find that your right wheels have dropped off the edge of a road onto the shoulder while you're driving. I OFF-ROAD RECOVERY /

I '

An emergency like this requires close attention and a quick decision. If you are holding the steering wheel at the recommended 9 and 3 o'clock positions, you can turn it a full 180 degrees very quickly without removing either hand. But you have to act fast, steer quickly, and just as quickly straighten the wheel once you have avoided the object. The fact that such emergency situations are always possible is a good reason to practice defensive driving at all times and wear safety belts properly.

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edge of paved surface

If the level of the shoulder is only slightly below the pavement, recovery should be fairly easy. Ease off the accelerator and then, if there is nothing in the way, steer so that your vehicle straddles the edge of the pavement. You can turn the steering wheel up to one-quarter turn until the right fiont tire contacts the pavement edge. Then tum your steering wheel to go straight down the roadway.

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Passing The driver of a vehicle about to pass another on a . two-lane highway waits for just the right moment, accelerates, moves around the vehicle ahead, then goes back into the right lane again. A simple maneuver? lvot necessarily! Passing another vehicle on a two-lane highway is a potentially dangerous move, since the passing vehicle occupies the same lane as oncoming traffic for several seconds. A miscalculation, an error in judgment, or a brief surrender to frustration or anger can suddenly put the passing driver face to face with the worst of all traffic accidents -- the head-on collision. So here are some tips for passing:

“Drive ahead.” Look down the road, to the sides and to crossroads for situations that might affect your passing patterns. If you have any doubt whatsoever about making a successful pass, wait for a better time. Watch for traf%c signs, pavement markings and lines. If you can see a sign up ahead that might indicate a turn or an intersection, delay your pass. A broken center line usually indicates it’s all right to pass (providing the road ahead is clear). Never cross a solid line on your side of the lane or a double solid line, , even if the road seems empty of approaching traffic.

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in the right lane and don’t

Do not get too close to the vehicle you want to pass while you’re awaiting an opportunity. For one thing, following too closely reduces your area of vision, especially if you’re following a larger vehicle. Also, you won’t have adequate space vehicle ahead suddenly slows or stops. Keep back a reasonable distance. When it looks like a chance to pass is coming up, start to accelerate but stay get too close. Time your move so you will be increasing speed as the time comes to move into the other lane. If the way is clear to pass, you will have a “running start” that more than makes up for the distance you would lose by dropping back. And something happens to cause you to cancel your pass, you need only slow down and drop back again and wait for another opportunity. If other cars are lined up to pass a slow vehicle, wait isn’t trying to your turn. But take care that someone pass you as you pull out to pass the slow vehicle. Remember to glance over your shoulder and check the blind spot.

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Loss of Control Let’s review what driving experts say about what happens when the three control systems (brakes, steering and acceleration) don’t have enough friction where the tires meet the road to do what the driver has asked.

In any emergency, don’t give up. Keep trylng to steer and constantly seek an escape route or area of less danger. Skidding In a skid, a driver can lose control of the vehicle. Defensive drivers avoid most skids by taking reasonable care suited to existing conditions, and by not “overdriving” those conditions. But skids are always possible. The three types of skids correspond to your vehicle’s three control systems. In the braking skid, your wheels aren’t rolling. In the steering or cornering skid, too much speed or steering in a curve causes tires to slip and lose cornering force. And in the acceleration skid, too much throttle causes the driving wheels to spin. A cornering skid is best handled by easing your foot off the accelerator pedal. If your vehicle starts to slide, ease your foot off the accelerator pedal and quickly steer the way you want the vehicle to go. If you start steering quickly enough, your vehicle may straighten out. Always be ready for a second skid if it occurs.

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Driving at Night

ice,

Of course, traction is reduced when water, snow, gravel or other material is on the road. For safety, you’ll want to slow down and adjust your driving to these conditions. It is important to slow down on slippery surfaces because stopping distance will be longer and vehicle control more limited. While driving on a surface with reduced traction, try your best to avoid sudden steering, acceleration or braking (including engine braking by shifting to a lower gear). Any sudden changes could cause the tires to slide. You may not realize the surface is slippery until your vehicle is skidding. Learn to recognize warning clues -- such as enough water, ice or packed snow on the road to make a “mirrored surface” -- and slow down when you have any doubt. Remember: Any anti-lock brake system (ABS) helps avoid only the braking skid.

Night driving is more dangerous than day driving. One reason is that some drivers are likely to be impaired -- by alcohol or drugs, with night vision problems, or by fatigue.

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Here are some tips on night driving.

Drive defensively. Don’t drink and drive. Adjust your inside rearview mirror to reduce the glare from headlamps behind you. Since you can’t see as well, you may need to slow down and keep more space between you and other vehicles. Slow down, especially on higher speed roads. Your headlamps can light up only so much road ahead. In remote areas, watch for animals. If you’re tired, pull off the road in a safe place and rest.

Night Vision No one can see as well at night as in the daytime. But as we get older these differences increase. A 50-year-old driver may require at least twice as much light to see the same thing at night as a 20-year-old. What you do in the daytime can also affect your night vision. For example, if you spend the day in bright sunshine you are wise to wear sunglasses. Your eyes will have less trouble adjusting to night. But if you’re

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Driving in Rain and on Wet Roads

Rain and wet roads can mean driving trouble. On a wet road, you can’t stop, accelerate or turn as well because your tire-to-road traction isn’t as good as on dry roads. And, if your tires don’t have much tread left, you’ll get even less traction. It’s always wise to go slower and be cautious if rain starts to fall while you are driving. The surface may get wet suddenly when your reflexes are tuned for driving on dry pavement. The heavier the rain, the harder it is to see. Even if your windshield wiper blades are in good shape, a heavy rain can make it harder to see road signs and traffic signals, pavement markings, the edge of the road and even people walking. in It’s wise to keep your windshield wiping equipment good shape and keep your windshield washer tank filled with washer fluid. Replace your windshield wiper inserts when they show signs of streaking or missing areas on the windshield, or when strips of rubber start to separate from the inserts.

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Driving too fast through large water puddles or even going through some car washes can cause problems, too. The water may affect your brakes. Try to avoid puddles. But if you can’t, try to slow down before you hit them.

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Wet brakes can cause accidents. They won’t work as well in a quick stop and may cause pulling to one side. You could lose control of the vehicle. After driving through a large puddle of water or a car wash, apply your brake pedal lightly until your brakes work normally.

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Hydroplaning Hydroplaning is dangerous. So much water can build up under your tires that they can actually ride on the water. This can happen if the road is wet enough and you’re going fast enough. When your vehicle is hydroplaning, it has little or no contact with the road. Hydroplaning doesn’t happen often. But it can if your tires do not have much tread or if the pressure more is low. It can happen if a lot of water is standing on the road. If you can see reflections from trees, telephone poles or other vehicles, and raindrops “dimple” the water’s surface, there could be hydroplaning. Hydroplaning usually happens at higher speeds. There just isn’t a hard and fast rule about hydroplaning. The best advice is to slow down when it is raining.

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Driving Through Deep Standing Water

NOTICE:

If you drive too quickly through deep puddles or standing water, water can come in through your engine’s air intake and badly damage your engine. Never drive through water that is slightly lower than the underbody of your vehicle. If you can’t avoid deep puddles or standing water, drive through them very slowly.

Some Other Rainy Weather Tips

Besides slowing down, allow some extra following distance. And be especially careful when you pass another vehicle. Allow yourself more clear room ahead, and be prepared to have your view restricted by road spray. Have good tires with proper tread depth. (See “Tires” in the Index.)

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City Driving

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Freeway Driving

Mile for mile, freeways (also called thruways, parkways, expressways, turnpikes or superhighways) are the safest of all roads. But they have their own special rules. The most important advice on freeway driving is: Keep up with traffic and keep to the right. Drive at the same speed most of the other drivers are driving. Too-fast or too-slow driving breaks a smooth traffic flow. Treat the left lane on a freeway as a passing lane. 4-20

At the entrance, there is usually a ramp that leads to the freeway. If you have a clear view of the freeway as you drive along the entrance ramp, you should begin to check traffic. Try to determine where you expect to blend with the flow. Try to merge into the gap at close to the prevailing speed. Switch on your turn signal, check your mirrors and glance over your shoulder as often as necessary. Try to blend smoothly with the traffic flow. Once you are on the freeway, adjust your speed to the posted limit or to the prevailing rate if it’s slower. Stay in the right lane unless you want to pass. Before changing lanes, check your mirrors. Then use your turn signal. Just before you leave the lane, glance quickly over your shoulder to make sure there isn’t another vehicle in your “blind” spot. Once you are moving on the freeway, make certain you allow a reasonable following distance. Expect to move slightly slower at night. When you want to leave the freeway, move to lane well in advance. If you miss your exit, do not, under any circumstances, stop and back up. Drive on to the next exit. The exit ramp can be curved, sometimes quite sharply.

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Here are some things you can check before a trip:

Windshield Washer Fluid: Is the reservoir full? Are all windows clean inside and outside? Wiper Blades: Are they in good shape? Fuel, Engine Oil, Other Fluids: Have you checked all levels? Lumps: Are they all working? Are the lenses clean? Tires: They are vitally important to a safe, trouble-free trip. Is the tread good enough for long-distance driving? Are the tires all inflated to the recommended pressure? Weather Forecasts: What’s the weather outlook along your route? Should you delay your trip time to avoid a major storm system? Maps: Do you have up-to-date maps?

a short

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Hill and Mountain Roads

Highway Hypnosis Is there actually such a condition as “highway hypnosis”? Or is it just plain falling asleep at the wheel? Call it highway hypnosis, lack of awareness, or whatever. There is something about an easy stretch of road with the same scenery, along with the hum of the tires on the