2011 Ford E 450 Owners Manual

vehicle, the weight of the equipment must be subtracted from the payload listed on the Tire Label in order to determine the new payload.

WARNING: The appropriate loading capacity of your vehicle can be limited either by volume capacity (how much space is

available) or by payload capacity (how much weight the vehicle should carry). Once you have reached the maximum payload of your vehicle, do not add more cargo, even if there is space available. Overloading or improperly loading your vehicle can contribute to loss of vehicle control and vehicle rollover.

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Example only:

Cargo Weight – includes all weight added to the Base Curb Weight, including cargo and optional equipment. When towing, trailer tongue load or king pin weight is also part of cargo weight. GAW (Gross Axle Weight) – is the total weight placed on each axle (front and rear) – including vehicle curb weight and all payload. 166

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GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating) – is the maximum allowable weight that can be carried by a single axle (front or rear). These numbers are shown on the Safety Compliance Certification Label located on the B-Pillar or the edge of the driver’s door. The total load on each axle must never exceed its GAWR. Note: For trailer towing information refer to Trailer towing found in this chapter or the RV and Trailer Towing Guide provided by your authorized dealer.

GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) – is the Vehicle Curb Weight + cargo + passengers. GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) – is the maximum allowable weight of the fully loaded vehicle (including all options, equipment, passengers and cargo). The GVWR is shown on the Safety Compliance Certification Label located on the B-Pillar or the edge of the driver’s door. The GVW must never exceed the GVWR.

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WARNING: Exceeding the Safety Compliance Certification Label vehicle weight rating limits could result in substandard vehicle

handling or performance, engine, transmission and/or structural damage, serious damage to the vehicle, loss of control and personal injury.

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GCW (Gross Combined Weight) – is the weight of the loaded vehicle (GVW) plus the weight of the fully loaded trailer. GCWR (Gross Combined Weight Rating) – is the maximum allowable weight of the vehicle and the loaded trailer – including all cargo and passengers – that the vehicle can handle without risking damage. (Important: The towing vehicle’s braking system is rated for operation at GVWR, not at GCWR.) Separate functional brakes should be used for safe control of towed vehicles and for trailers where the GCW of the towing vehicle plus the trailer exceed the GVWR of the towing vehicle. The GCW must never exceed the GCWR. Maximum Loaded Trailer Weight – is the highest possible weight of a fully loaded trailer the vehicle can tow. It assumes a vehicle with only mandatory options, no cargo (internal or external), a tongue load of 10–15% (conventional trailer) or king pin weight of 15–25% (fifth wheel trailer), and driver only (150 lb. [68 kg]). Consult your authorized dealer (or the RV and Trailer Towing Guide provided by your authorized dealer) for more detailed information. Tongue Load or Fifth Wheel King Pin Weight – refers to the amount of the weight that a trailer pushes down on a trailer hitch. Examples: For a 5,000 lb. (2,268 kg) conventional trailer, multiply 5,000
by 0.10 and 0.15 to obtain a proper tongue load range of 500 to 750 lb. (227 to 340 kg). For an 11,500 lb. (5,216 kg) fifth wheel trailer, multiply by 0.15 and 0.25 to obtain a proper king pin load range of 1,725 to 2,875 lb. (782 to 1,304 kg)

WARNING: Do not exceed the GVWR or the GAWR specified on the Safety Compliance Certification Label.

WARNING: Do not use replacement tires with lower load carrying capacities than the original tires because they may

lower the vehicle’s GVWR and GAWR limitations. Replacement tires with a higher limit than the original tires do not increase the GVWR and GAWR limitations.

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WARNING: Exceeding any vehicle weight rating limitation could result in serious damage to the vehicle and/or personal injury.

Steps for determining the correct load limit: 1. Locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lb.” on your vehicle’s placard. 2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle. 3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kg or XXX lb. 4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if the “XXX” amount equals 1,400 lb. and there will be five 150 lb. passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lb. (1400-750 (5 x 150) = 650 lb.). In metric units (635-340 (5 x 68) = 295 kg.) 5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4. 6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle. The following gives you a few examples on how to calculate the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity: • Another example for your vehicle with 1,400 lb. (635 kg) of cargo and luggage capacity. You decide to go golfing. Is there enough load capacity to carry you, 4 of your friends and all the golf bags? You and four friends average 220 lb. (99 kg) each and the golf bags weigh approximately 30 lb. (13.5 kg) each. The calculation would be: 1400 - (5 x 220) - (5 x 30) = 1400 - 1100 - 150 = 150 lb. Yes, you have enough load capacity in your vehicle to transport four friends and your golf bags. In metric units, the calculation would be: 635 kg - (5 x 99 kg) - (5 x 13.5 kg) = 635 - 495 - 67.5 = 72.5 kg. • A final example for your vehicle with 1,400 lb. (635 kg) of cargo and luggage capacity. You and one of your friends decide to pick up cement from the local home improvement store to finish that patio you have been planning for the past 2 years. Measuring the inside of the vehicle with the rear seat folded down, you have room for 12-100 lb. (45 kg) bags of cement. Do you have enough load capacity

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to transport the cement to your home? If you and your friend each weigh 220 lb. (99 kg), the calculation would be: 1400 - (2 x 220) - (12
x 100) = 1400 - 440 - 1200 = - 240 lb. No, you do not have enough cargo capacity to carry that much weight. In metric units, the calculation would be: 635 kg - (2 x 99 kg) - (12 x 45 kg) = 635 - 198 - 540 = -103 kg. You will need to reduce the load weight by at least 240 lb. (104 kg). If you remove 3-100 lb. (45 kg) cement bags, then the load calculation would be: 1400 - (2 x 220) - (9 x 100) = 1400 - 440 - 900 = 60 lb. Now you have the load capacity to transport the cement and your friend home. In metric units, the calculation would be: 635 kg - (2 x 99 kg) - (9 x 45 kg) = 635 - 198 - 405 = 32 kg.

The above calculations also assume that the loads are positioned in your vehicle in a manner that does not overload the Front or the Rear Gross Axle Weight Rating specified for your vehicle on the Safety Compliance Certification Label found on the edge of the driver’s door.

Special loading instructions for owners of pick-up trucks and utility-type vehicles

WARNING: For important information regarding safe operation of this type of vehicle, see the Preparing to drive your vehicle

section in the Driving chapter of this owner’s guide.

WARNING: Loaded vehicles may handle differently than unloaded vehicles. Extra precautions, such as slower speeds and

increased stopping distance, should be taken when driving a heavily loaded vehicle.

Your vehicle can haul more cargo and people than most passenger cars. Depending upon the type and placement of the load, hauling cargo and people may raise the center of gravity of the vehicle.

TRAILER TOWING Your vehicle may tow a class I, II or III trailer, provided the maximum trailer weight is less than or equal to the maximum trailer weight listed for your engine and rear axle ratio on the following charts. Do not exceed trailer weight of 5,000 lb (2,268 kg) when towing with bumper only. Your vehicle’s load capacity is designated by weight, not by volume, so you cannot necessarily use all available space when loading a vehicle.

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Distribute the load so that only 10–15% of the total is on the tongue. Tie down the load so that it does not shift and change the weight on the hitch. Towing a trailer places an additional load on your vehicle’s engine, transmission, axle, brakes, tires and suspension. Inspect these components carefully after any towing operation. For load specification terms found on the label, refer to Vehicle loading – with and without a trailer in this chapter. Remember to figure in the tongue load of your loaded vehicle when figuring the total weight.

WARNING: Do not exceed the GVWR or the GAWR specified on the certification label.

WARNING: Towing trailers beyond the maximum recommended gross trailer weight exceeds the limit of the vehicle and could

result in engine damage, transmission damage, structural damage, loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover and personal injury.

Engine

4.6L 4.6L 5.4L

4.6L 4.6L 5.4L

4.6L 4.6L 5.4L

4.6L 4.6L 5.4L

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Maximum Trailer Weight - lb (kg)

Rear axle

Maximum

3.73/4.10

GCWR - lb (kg)

ratio E-150 Regular/Rec/Crew Van 3.73
4.10

11500 (5216) 12000 (5443) 13000 (5897) E-150 Extended Van 11500 (5216) 12000 (5443) 13000 (5897)

3.73
4.10

3.73/4.10

6000 (2722) 6500 (2948) 7500 (3402)

5900 (2676) 6400 (2903) 7300 (3311)

E-150 Regular Wagon (7/8 Passenger)

3.73
4.10

3.73/4.10

11500 (5216) 12000 (5443) 13000 (5897)

E-250 Regular/Rec/Crew Van 3.73
4.10

11500 (5216) 12000 (5443) 13000 (5897)

3.73/4.10

5600 (2540) 6100 (2767) 7000 (3175)

6000 (2722) 6500 (2948) 7400 (3357)

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Maximum Trailer Weight - lb (kg)

Rear axle

Maximum

GCWR - lb (kg)

ratio E-250 Extended/Rec/Crew Van 3.73
4.10

11500 (5216) 12000 (5443) 13000 (5897)

3.73/4.10

E-350 Regular/Rec/Crew Van

3.73/4.10

13000 (5897) 15000 (6804) 18500 (8391)

3.73
4.10
E-350 Extended/Rec/Crew Van 3.73
3.73
4.10

13000 (5897) 15000 (6804) 18500 (8391)

5900 (2540) 6400 (2903) 7300 (3311)

7400 (3357) 9100 (4128) 10000 (4536)

7200 (3266) 9000 (4082) 10000 (4536)

E-350 Regular Wagon (11/12 Passenger)

3.73/4.10

3.73
4.10

13000 (5896) 15000 (6804) 18500 (8391)

6700 (3039) 8500 (3856) 10000 (4536)

E-350 Extended Wagon (11 Passenger)

3.73/4.10

3.73
4.10

13000 (5896) 15000 (6804) 18500 (8391)

6500 (2948) 8300 (3765) 10000 (4536)

E-350 Extended Wagon (14/15 Passenger)

3.73/4.10

3.73
4.10

13000 (5896) 15000 (6804) 18500 (8391)

6300 (2858) 8100 (3674) 10000 (4536)

E-250 Cutaway Single Rear Wheel (SRW)

4.10

12000 (5443)

7500 (3402)

Engine

4.6L 4.6L 5.4L

5.4L 6.8L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L 6.8L

4.6L

E-350 Extended Cutaway Single Rear Wheel (SRW)

5.4L

4.10

10600 (4808)

5700 (2585)

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Engine

Rear axle

ratio

Maximum

GCWR - lb (kg)

Maximum Trailer Weight - lb (kg)

3.73
4.10
4.10

9600 (4354) 13000 (5896) 18500 (8391)

E-350 Cutaway Single Rear Wheel (SRW) 138” Wheelbase 4700 (2132) 5.4L 5.4L 8000 (3629) 6.8L 10000 (4536) E-350 Cutaway Dual Rear Wheel (DRW) 138” Wheelbase 4900 (2223) 5.4L 5.4L 7700 (3493) 6.8L 10000 (4536) E-350 Cutaway Single Rear Wheel (SRW) 158” Wheelbase 4600 (2087) 5.4L 5.4L 8000 (3629) 10000 (4536) 6.8L

9600 (4354) 13000 (5896) 18500 (8391)

10050 (4763) 13000 (5897) 18500 (8391)

3.73
4.10
4.10

3.73
4.10
4.10

E-350 Cutaway Dual Rear Wheel (DRW) 158”/176” Wheelbase

4800 (2177) 5.4L 7700 (3493) 5.4L 6.8L 10000 (4536) E-350 Stripped Chassis Single Rear Wheel (SRW) 138”

10050 (4763) 13000 (5897) 18500 (8391)

3.73
4.10
4.10

Wheelbase

5.4L 8700 (3946) E-350 Stripped Chassis Single Rear Wheel (SRW) 158”

13000 (5897)

3.73/4.10

5.4L

3.73/4.10

13000 (5897)

8600 (3901)

E-350 Stripped Chassis Dual Rear Wheel (DRW) 138” Wheelbase

Wheelbase

5.4L 6.8L

8400 (3810) 10000 (4536) E-350 Stripped Chassis Dual Rear Wheel (DRW) 158”/176”

13000 (5897) 18500 (8391)

4.10
4.10

5.4L 6.8L

4.10
4.10

Wheelbase

13000 (5897) 18500 (8391)

8300 (3765) 10000 (4536)

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Engine

Rear axle

ratio

Maximum

GCWR - lb (kg)

Maximum Trailer Weight - lb (kg)

5.4L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L

Engine

4.6L 4.6L 5.4L

4.6L 4.6L 5.4L

4.6L 4.6L 5.4L

4.6L 4.6L 5.4L

4.6L 4.6L 5.4L

E-450 Cutaway

14050 (6373) 20000 (9072)

4.56
4.56

E-450 Stripped Chassis

8500 (3856) 10000 (4536)

4.56
4.56

14050 (6373) 22000 (9979)

9200 (4173) 10000 (4536)

Maximum Trailer Weight - lb (kg)

Rear axle

Maximum

3.73/4.10

GCWR - lb (kg)

ratio E-150 Regular/Rec/Crew Van 3.73
4.10

11500 (5216) 12000 (5443) 13000 (5897) E-150 Extended Van 11500 (5216) 12000 (5443) 13000 (5897)

3.73
4.10

3.73/4.10

6000 (2722) 6500 (2948) 7500 (3402)

5900 (2676) 6400 (2903) 7300 (3311)

E-150 Regular Wagon (7/8 Passenger)

3.73
4.10

3.73/4.10

11500 (5216) 12000 (5443) 13000 (5897)

E-250 Regular/Rec/Crew Van 3.73
4.10

11500 (5216) 12000 (5443) 13000 (5897)

3.73/4.10
E-250 Extended/Rec/Crew Van 3.73
4.10

11500 (5216) 12000 (5443) 13000 (5897)

3.73/4.10

5600 (2540) 6100 (2767) 7000 (3175)

6000 (2722) 6500 (2948) 7400 (3357)

5900 (2540) 6400 (2903) 7300 (3311)

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Engine

5.4L 6.8L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L 6.8L

4.6L

Rear axle

Maximum

ratio E-350 Regular/Rec/Crew Van

GCWR - lb (kg)

Maximum Trailer Weight - lb (kg)

3.73/4.10

13000 (5897) 15000 (6804) 18500 (8391)

3.73
4.10
E-350 Extended/Rec/Crew Van 3.73
3.73
4.10

13000 (5897) 15000 (6804) 18500 (8391)

7400 (3357) 9100 (4128) 10000 (4536)

7200 (3266) 9000 (4082) 10000 (4536)

E-350 Regular Wagon (11/12 Passenger)

3.73/4.10

3.73
4.10

13000 (5896) 15000 (6804) 18500 (8391)

6700 (3039) 8500 (3856) 10000 (4536)

E-350 Extended Wagon (11 Passenger)

3.73/4.10

3.73
4.10

13000 (5896) 15000 (6804) 18500 (8391)

6500 (2948) 8300 (3765) 10000 (4536)

E-350 Extended Wagon (14/15 Passenger)

3.73/4.10

3.73
4.10

13000 (5896) 15000 (6804) 18500 (8391)

6300 (2858) 8100 (3674) 10000 (4536)

E-250 Cutaway Single Rear Wheel (SRW)

4.10

12000 (5443)

7500 (3402)

E-350 Extended Cutaway Single Rear Wheel (SRW)

4.10

10600 (4808)

5.4L 5700 (2585) E-350 Cutaway Single Rear Wheel (SRW) 138” Wheelbase 5.4L 4700 (2132) 8000 (3629) 5.4L 6.8L 10000 (4536)

9600 (4354) 13000 (5896) 18500 (8391)

3.73
4.10
4.10

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Engine

Rear axle

ratio

Maximum

GCWR - lb (kg)

Maximum Trailer Weight - lb (kg)

3.73
4.10
4.10

E-350 Cutaway Dual Rear Wheel (DRW) 138” Wheelbase 4900 (2223) 5.4L 5.4L 7700 (3493) 6.8L 10000 (4536) E-350 Cutaway Single Rear Wheel (SRW) 158” Wheelbase 4600 (2087) 5.4L 5.4L 8000 (3629) 10000 (4536) 6.8L

10050 (4763) 13000 (5897) 18500 (8391)

9600 (4354) 13000 (5896) 18500 (8391)

3.73
4.10
4.10

E-350 Cutaway Dual Rear Wheel (DRW) 158”/176” Wheelbase

4800 (2177) 5.4L 7700 (3493) 5.4L 6.8L 10000 (4536) E-350 Stripped Chassis Single Rear Wheel (SRW) 138”

10050 (4763) 13000 (5897) 18500 (8391)

3.73
4.10
4.10

Wheelbase

5.4L 8700 (3946) E-350 Stripped Chassis Single Rear Wheel (SRW) 158”

13000 (5897)

3.73/4.10

5.4L

3.73/4.10

13000 (5897)

8600 (3901)

E-350 Stripped Chassis Dual Rear Wheel (DRW) 138” Wheelbase

Wheelbase

5.4L 6.8L

8400 (3810) 10000 (4536) E-350 Stripped Chassis Dual Rear Wheel (DRW) 158”/176”

13000 (5897) 18500 (8391)

4.10
4.10

5.4L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L

5.4L 6.8L

Wheelbase

13000 (5897) 18500 (8391)

E-450 Cutaway

14050 (6373) 22000 (9979)

4.10
4.10

4.56
4.56

E-450 Stripped Chassis

8300 (3765) 10000 (4536)

8500 (3856) 10000 (4536)

4.56
4.56

14050 (6373) 22000 (9979)

9200 (4173) 10000 (4536)

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Notes: • Maximum trailer weight for all cutaway vehicles must be calculated by

subtracting the weight of the vehicle (including incomplete vehicle weight and payload which includes second unit body weight, cargo and passengers) from the GCW; otherwise, maximum trailer weight is 10,000 lb (4,536 kg). • For high altitude operation reduce GCWR by 2% per 1,000 ft (300 m) • To determine the maximum trailer weight designed for your particular vehicle as equipped, follow the instructions in Vehicle loading - with and without a trailer earlier in this chapter.

elevation.

Preparing to tow Use the proper equipment for towing a trailer and make sure it is properly attached to your vehicle. Contact your authorized dealer or a reliable trailer dealer as soon as possible if you require assistance.

Hitches Do not use or install a hitch that clamps onto the vehicle’s bumper or to the axle. An underbody hitch is acceptable if it is installed properly.

Using a step bumper (if equipped) The rear bumper is equipped with an integral hitch and only requires a ball with a one inch (25.4 mm) shank diameter. The bumper has a 5,000 lb (2,270 kg) trailer weight and 500 lb (227 kg) tongue weight capacity. If it is necessary to relocate the trailer hitch ball position, a frame-mounted trailer hitch must be installed.

Safety chains Always connect the trailer’s safety chains to the frame or hook retainers of the vehicle hitch. To connect the trailer’s safety chains, cross the chains under the trailer tongue and allow slack for turning corners. If you use a rental trailer, follow the instructions that the rental agency gives to you. Do not attach safety chains to the bumper.

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Trailer brakes Electric brakes and manual, automatic or surge-type trailer brakes are safe if installed properly and adjusted to the manufacturer’s specifications. The trailer brakes must meet local and Federal regulations.

WARNING: Do not connect a trailer’s hydraulic brake system directly to your vehicle’s brake system. Your vehicle may not have enough braking power and your chances of having a collision greatly increase.

The braking system of the tow vehicle is rated for operation at the GVWR not GCWR. Integrated trailer brake controller (if equipped) Your vehicle may be equipped with a fully integrated electronic trailer brake controller (TBC). When used properly, the TBC helps ensure smooth and effective trailer braking by powering the trailer’s electric brakes with a proportional output based on the towing vehicle’s brake pressure.

WARNING: The Ford TBC has only been verified to be compatible with trailers having electric-actuated drum brakes

(one to four axles) and not hydraulic surge or electric-over-hydraulic types. It is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that the trailer brakes are adjusted appropriately, functioning normally and all electric connections are properly made. Failure to do so may result in loss of vehicle control, crash or serious injury.

The TBC user interface consists of the following: 1. +/- (GAIN adjustment buttons): Pressing these buttons adjusts the TBC’s power output to the trailer brakes (in 0.5 increments). The GAIN setting can be increased to a maximum of 10.0 or decreased to a minimum of 0 (no trailer braking). Pressing and holding a button raises or lowers the setting continuously. The gain setting displays in the message center as follows: TBC GAIN = XX.X.

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The trailer brake controller (TBC) is designed to display three items of information in the instrument cluster message center. These are: gain setting, output bar graph, and trailer connectivity status. They appear in the message center as follows: • TBC GAIN = XX.X NO TRAILER: The instrument cluster message center displays the current gain setting during a given ignition cycle and when adjusting the gain. This message is also displayed during manual activation without a trailer connected or when gain adjustments are made with no trailer connected.

• TBC GAIN = XX.X OUTPUT = //////: When the vehicle’s brake pedal

is pushed, or when the manual control is activated, bar indicators illuminate in the instrument cluster message center to indicate the amount of power going to the trailer brakes relative to the brake pedal or manual control input. One bar indicates the least amount of output with six bars indicating maximum output. • TRAILER CONNECTED: This message is displayed when a correct

trailer wiring connection (a trailer with electric trailer brakes) has been sensed during a given ignition cycle.

• TRAILER DISCONNECTED: This message is displayed and accompanied by a single chime, when a trailer connection was determined and then a disconnection, either intentionally or unintentionally, has been sensed during a given ignition cycle. It is also displayed if a truck or trailer wiring fault occurs causing the trailer to appear disconnected. This message is also displayed during manual activation without a trailer connected.

2. Manual control lever: Slide the control lever to the left to activate power to the trailer’s electric brakes independent of the tow vehicle’s brakes (see the following Procedure for adjusting GAIN section for instructions on proper use of this feature). If the manual control is activated while the brake is also applied, the greater of the two inputs determines the power sent to the trailer brakes. • Stop lamps: Activating the TBC manual control lever illuminates both

the trailer brake lamps and the tow vehicle brake lamps except the center high-mount stop lamp (presuming proper trailer electrical connection). Pressing the vehicle brake pedal also illuminates both trailer and vehicle brake lamps.

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Procedure for adjusting GAIN: The GAIN setting is used to set the TBC for the specific towing condition and should be changed as towing conditions change. Changes to towing conditions include trailer load, vehicle load, road conditions and weather. The GAIN should be set to provide the maximum trailer braking assistance while ensuring the trailer wheels do not lock when braking; locked trailer wheels may lead to trailer instability. Note: This should only be performed in a traffic-free environment at speeds of approximately 20–25 mph (30–40 km/h). 1. Make sure the trailer brakes are in good working condition, functioning normally and properly adjusted. See your trailer dealer if necessary. 2. Hook up the trailer and make the electrical connections according to the trailer manufacturer’s instructions. 3. When a trailer with electric brakes is plugged in, the TRAILER CONNECTED message displays in the instrument cluster message center. 4. Use the GAIN adjustment (+/-) buttons to increase or decrease the GAIN setting to the desired starting point. A GAIN setting of 6.0 is a good starting point for heavier loads. 5. In a traffic-free environment, tow the trailer on a dry, level surface at a speed of 20–25 mph (30–40 km/h) and squeeze the manual control lever completely. 6. If the trailer wheels lock up (indicated by squealing tires), reduce the GAIN setting; if the trailer wheels turn freely, increase the GAIN setting. Repeat Steps 5 and 6 until the GAIN setting is at a point just below trailer wheel lock-up. If towing a heavier trailer, trailer wheel lock-up may not be attainable even with the maximum GAIN setting of 10. Explanation of instrument cluster warning messages: The TBC interacts with the instrument cluster message center to display the following messages: TRAILER BRAKE MODULE FAULT: This message is displayed and accompanied by a single chime, in response to faults sensed by the TBC. In the event this message is seen, please contact your authorized dealer as soon as possible for diagnosis and repair. The TBC may still function, but performance may be degraded.

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WIRING FAULT ON TRAILER: This message is displayed when a Short circuit on the electric brake output wire has occurred. If the WIRING FAULT ON TRAILER message is displayed and accompanied by a single chime, with no trailer connected, the problem is with the vehicle wiring from the TBC to the 7–pin connector at the bumper. If the message is only displayed with a trailer connected, the problem is related to the trailer wiring; consult your trailer dealer for assistance. This can be a short to ground (i.e., chaffed wire) or a short to voltage (i.e., pulled pin on trailer emergency break-away battery) or trailer brakes drawing too much current. Note: Your TBC can be diagnosed by your authorized dealer to determine exactly which trailer fault has occurred; however, if the fault is with the trailer this diagnosis is not covered under your Ford warranty. Points to Remember: • Remember to adjust gain setting before using the TBC for the first • Readjust gain setting on the TBC (according to procedure above) whenever road, weather and trailer or vehicle loading conditions change from those that existed when the gain was initially set. • The sliding lever on the TBC should be used only for manual

time.

activation of trailer brakes to assist with proper adjustment of the GAIN. Misuse, such as application during trailer sway, could cause instability of trailer and/or tow vehicle.

• Avoid towing in adverse weather conditions. The TBC does not

provide anti-lock control of the trailer wheels. Trailer wheels can lock up on slippery surfaces, resulting in reduced stability of trailer and tow vehicle. • The TBC is equipped with a feature which reduces output at vehicle speeds below 11 mph (18 km/h) so trailer and vehicle braking is not jerky or harsh. This feature is only available when applying the brakes using the vehicle’s brake pedal, not the TBC.

• The TBC interacts with the brake system of the vehicle, including

ABS, in order to reduce the likelihood of trailer wheel lock-up; therefore, if these systems are not functioning properly, the TBC may not function at full performance.

• Your vehicle’s brake system and the trailer brake system work

independently of each other; changing the GAIN setting on the TBC does not affect the operation of your vehicle’s brakes whether a trailer is attached or not.

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Tires, Wheels and Loading • When the vehicle is turned off, the TBC output is disabled and the display is shut down; turning the ignition from off to on awakens the TBC module.

• The TBC is only a factory- or dealer-installed item; Ford is not

responsible for warranty or performance of the TBC due to misuse or customer installation.

• Do not attempt removal of the TBC without consulting the

Workshop Manual; damage to the unit may result.

Trailer lamps Trailer lamps are required on most towed vehicles. Make sure all running lights, brake lights, turn signals and hazard lights are working. Contact your authorized dealer or trailer rental agency for proper instructions and equipment for hooking-up trailer lamps.

Driving while you tow When towing a trailer: • Do not drive faster than 70 mph (113 km/h) during the first 500 miles (800 km) of trailer towing and don’t make full-throttle starts. • Turn off the speed control. The speed control may shut off automatically when you are towing on long, steep grades. • Consider turning overdrive off (4–speed transmissions) or using the tow/haul feature (5–speed transmissions) to eliminate excessive shifting and assist in transmission cooling. For additional information, refer to Automatic transmission operation in the Driving chapter. • Allow more distance for stopping with a trailer attached; anticipate

stops and brake gradually.

When descending long, steep downhill grades, always use a lower gear to provide engine braking to save wear on brakes. Use D (Overdrive OFF) on moderately steep hills, 2 (Second) on steep hills, and 1 (First) on very steep hills. Do not apply your brakes continuously, as they may overheat and become less effective.

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Trailer towing tips • Practice turning, stopping and backing-up before starting on a trip to get the feel of the vehicle-trailer combination. When turning, make wider turns so the trailer wheels will clear curbs and other obstacles. • To aid in engine/transmission cooling and A/C efficiency during hot • After you have traveled 50 miles (80 km), thoroughly check your • If you will be towing a trailer frequently in hot weather, hilly

weather while stopped in traffic, place the gearshift lever in P (Park).

hitch, electrical connections and trailer wheel lug nuts.

conditions, at GCWR, or any combination of these factors, consider refilling your rear axle with synthetic gear lube if not already so equipped. Refer to the Maintenance and Specifications chapter for the lubricant specification. Remember that regardless of the rear axle lube used, do not tow a trailer for the first 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of a new vehicle, and that the first 500 miles (800 km) of towing be done at no faster than 70 mph (113 km/h) with no full throttle starts. • Do not tow a trailer for the first 500 miles (800 km) after changing • Vehicles with trailers should not be parked on a grade. If you must

the rear axle lube.

park on a grade, place wheel chocks under the trailer’s wheels.

Launching or retrieving a boat Disconnect the wiring to the trailer before backing the trailer into the water. Reconnect the wiring to the trailer after the trailer is removed from the water. When backing down a ramp during boat launching or retrieval: • Do not allow the static water level to rise above the bottom edge of • Do not allow waves to break higher than 6 in (15 cm) above the

the rear bumper.

bottom edge of the rear bumper.

Exceeding these limits may allow water to enter vehicle components: • Causing internal damage to the components. • Affecting driveability, emissions and reliability. Replace the rear axle lubricant any time the axle has been submerged in water. Rear axle lubricant quantities are not to be checked or changed unless a leak is suspected or repair required.

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Tires, Wheels and Loading

RECREATIONAL TOWING Follow these guidelines if you have a need for recreational (RV) towing. An example of recreational towing would be towing your vehicle behind a motor home. In case of a roadside emergency with a disabled vehicle, please refer to Wrecker towing in the Roadside Emergencies chapter. These guidelines are designed to prevent damage to your vehicle. Do not tow your vehicle with any wheels on the ground, as vehicle or transmission damage may occur. It is recommended to tow your vehicle with all four (4) wheels off the ground such as when using a car-hauling trailer. Otherwise, no recreational towing is permitted.

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STARTING

Positions of the ignition 1. Accessory — allows the electrical accessories such as the radio to operate while the engine is not running. 2. Lock — locks the automatic transmission gearshift lever and allows key removal. 3. Off — shuts off the engine and all accessories without locking the steering wheel. 4. On — all electrical circuits operational. Warning lights illuminated. Key position when driving. 5. Start — cranks the engine. Release the key as soon as the engine starts.

Preparing to start your vehicle Engine starting is controlled by the powertrain control system. This system meets all Canadian interference-causing equipment standard requirements regulating the impulse electrical field strength of radio noise. When starting a fuel-injected engine, don’t press the accelerator before or during starting. Only use the accelerator when you have difficulty starting the engine. For more information on starting the vehicle, refer to Starting the engine in this chapter.

WARNING: Extended idling at high engine speeds can produce very high temperatures in the engine and exhaust system,

creating the risk of fire or other damage.

WARNING: Do not park, idle, or drive your vehicle in dry grass or other dry ground cover. The emission system heats up the

engine compartment and exhaust system, which can start a fire.

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WARNING: Do not start your vehicle in a closed garage or in other enclosed areas. Exhaust fumes can be toxic. Always open

the garage door before you start the engine. See Guarding against exhaust fumes in this chapter for more instructions.

WARNING: If you smell exhaust fumes inside your vehicle, have your dealer inspect your vehicle immediately. Do not drive if you

smell exhaust fumes.

Important safety precautions When the engine starts, the idle RPM runs faster to warm the engine. If the engine idle speed does not slow down automatically, have the vehicle checked. If your vehicle is operated in a heavy snow storm or blowing snow conditions, the engine air induction may become partially clogged with snow and/or ice. If this occurs, the engine may experience a significant reduction in power output. At the earliest opportunity, clear all the snow and/or ice away from the air induction inlet. Before starting the vehicle: 1. Make sure all occupants buckle their safety belts. For more information on safety belts and their proper usage, refer to the Seating and Safety Restraints chapter. 2. Make sure the headlamps and electrical accessories are off. • Make sure the parking brake is

set.

• Make sure the gearshift is in P

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Driving • Turn the key to 4 (on) without

turning the key to 5 (start).

Some warning lights will briefly illuminate. See Warning lights and chimes in the Instrument Cluster chapter for more information regarding the warning lights.

Starting the engine 1. Turn the key to 4 (on) without turning the key to 5 (start). 2. Turn the key to 5 (start), then release the key as soon as the engine starts. Excessive cranking could damage the starter.

Note: If the engine does not start within five seconds on the first try, turn the key to 3 (off), wait 10 seconds and try again. If the engine still fails to start, press the accelerator to the floor and try again; this will allow the engine to crank with the fuel shut off in case the engine is flooded with fuel. Cold weather starting (flexible fuel vehicles only) The starting characteristics of all grades of E85 ethanol make it unsuitable for use when ambient temperatures fall below 0°F (-18°C). Consult your fuel distributor for the availability of winter grade ethanol. As the outside temperature approaches freezing, ethanol fuel distributors should supply winter grade ethanol (same as with unleaded gasoline). If summer grade ethanol is used in cold weather conditions, 0°F to 32°F (-18°C to 0°C), you may experience increased cranking times, rough idle or hesitation until the engine has warmed up. 188

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You may experience a decrease in peak performance when the engine is cold when operating on E85 ethanol. Do not crank the engine for more than 10 seconds at a time as starter damage may occur. If the engine fails to start, turn the key to off and wait 30 seconds before trying again. Do not use starting fluid such as ether in the air intake system. Such fluid could cause immediate explosive damage to the engine and possible personal injury. If you should experience cold weather starting problems on E85 ethanol, and neither an alternative brand of E85 ethanol nor an engine block heater is available, the addition of unleaded gasoline to your tank will improve cold starting performance. Your vehicle is designed to operate on E85 ethanol alone, unleaded gasoline alone, or any mixture of the two. See Choosing the right fuel in the Maintenance and Specifications chapter for more information on ethanol.

Guarding against exhaust fumes Carbon monoxide is present in exhaust fumes. Take precautions to avoid its dangerous effects.

WARNING: If you smell exhaust fumes inside your vehicle, have your dealer inspect your vehicle immediately. Do not drive if you

smell exhaust fumes.

Important ventilating information If the engine is idling while the vehicle is stopped for a long period of time, open the windows at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) or adjust the heating or air conditioning to bring in fresh air.

ENGINE BLOCK HEATER (IF EQUIPPED) An engine block heater warms the engine coolant which aids in starting and allows the heater/defroster system to respond quickly. If your vehicle is equipped with this system, your equipment includes a heater element which is installed in your engine block and a wire harness which allows the user to connect the system to a grounded 120 volt A/C electrical source. The block heater system is most effective when outdoor temperatures reach below 0°F (-18°C). For flexible fuel vehicles, if operating with E85 ethanol, an engine block heater must be used if ambient temperature is below 0°F (-18°C).

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See Cold weather starting earlier in this chapter for more information on starting with ethanol.

WARNING: Failure to follow engine block heater instructions could result in property damage or physical injury.

WARNING: To reduce the risk of electrical shock, do not use your heater with ungrounded electrical systems or two-pronged

(cheater) adapters.

Prior to using the engine block heater, follow these recommendations for proper and safe operation: • For your safety, use an outdoor extension cord that is product certified by Underwriter’s Laboratory (UL) or Canadian Standards Association (CSA). Use only an extension cord that can be used outdoors, in cold temperatures, and is clearly marked “Suitable for Use with Outdoor Appliances.” Never use an indoor extension cord outdoors; it could result in an electric shock or fire hazard.

• Use a 16 gauge outdoor extension cord, minimum. • Use as short an extension cord as possible. • Do not use multiple extension cords. Instead, use one extension cord which is long enough to reach from the engine block heater cord to the outlet without stretching. • Make certain that the extension cord is in excellent condition (not patched or spliced). Store your extension cord indoors at temperatures above 32°F (0°C). Outdoor conditions can deteriorate extension cords over a period of time. • To reduce the risk of electrical shock, do not use your heater with ungrounded electrical systems or two pronged (cheater) adapters. Also ensure that the block heater, especially the cord, is in good condition before use.

• Make sure that when in operation, the extension cord plug /engine block heater cord plug connection is free and clear of water in order to prevent possible shock or fire. • Be sure that areas where the vehicle is parked are clean and clear of all combustibles such as petroleum products, dust, rags, paper and similar items.

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Driving • Be sure that the engine block heater, heater cord and extension cord are solidly connected. A poor connection can cause the cord to become very hot and may result in an electrical shock or fire. Be sure to check for heat anywhere in the electrical hookup once the system has been operating for approximately a half hour. • Finally, have the engine block heater system checked during your fall

tune-up to be sure it’s in good working order.

How to use the engine block heater Ensure the receptacle terminals are clean and dry prior to use. To clean them, use a dry cloth. Depending on the type of factory installed equipment, your engine block heater system may consume anywhere between 400 watts or 1000 watts of power per hour. Your factory installed block heater system does not have a thermostat; however, maximum temperature is attained after approximately three hours of operation. Block heater operation longer than three hours will not improve system performance and will unnecessarily use additional electricity. Make sure system is unplugged and properly stowed before driving the vehicle. While not in use, make sure the protective cover seals the prongs of the engine block heater cord plug.

BRAKES Occasional brake noise is normal. If a metal-to-metal, continuous grinding or continuous squeal sound is present, the brake linings may be worn-out and should be inspected by an authorized dealer. If the vehicle has continuous vibration or shudder in the steering wheel while braking, the vehicle should be inspected by an authorized dealer. Refer to Warning lights and chimes in the Instrument Cluster chapter for information on the brake system warning light.

BRAKE

Four-wheel anti-lock brake system (ABS) Your vehicle is equipped with an anti-lock braking system (ABS). This system helps you maintain steering control during emergency stops by keeping the brakes from locking. Noise from the ABS pump motor and brake pedal pulsation may be observed during ABS braking and the brake pedal may suddenly travel a little farther as soon as ABS braking is done and normal brake operation resumes. These are normal characteristics of the ABS and should be no reason for concern.

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Using ABS When hard braking is required, apply continuous force on the brake pedal. Do not pump the brake pedal since this will reduce the effectiveness of the ABS and will increase your vehicle’s stopping distance. The ABS will be activated immediately, allowing you to retain steering control during hard braking and on slippery surfaces. However, the ABS does not decrease stopping distance. ABS warning lamp The ABS lamp in the instrument cluster momentarily illuminates when the ignition is turned on. If the light does not illuminate during start up, remains on or flashes, the ABS may be disabled and may need to be serviced. Even when the ABS is disabled, normal braking is still effective. If your BRAKE warning lamp illuminates with the parking brake released, have your brake system serviced immediately by an authorized dealer.

BRAKE

ABS

Parking brake To set the parking brake (1), press the parking brake pedal down until the pedal stops. To release, pull the lever (2).

WARNING: Always set the parking brake fully and make sure that the gearshift is securely latched in P (Park).

The BRAKE warning lamp will illuminate and will remain illuminated until the parking brake is released.

BRAKE

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The parking brake is not recommended to stop a moving vehicle. However, if the normal brakes fail, the parking brake can be used to stop your vehicle in an emergency. Since the parking brake applies only the rear brakes, the vehicle’s stopping distance will increase greatly and the handling of your vehicle will be adversely affected.

TRACTION CONTROL (IF EQUIPPED) Your vehicle may be equipped with a traction control system (TCS). This system helps you maintain the stability and steerability of your vehicle, especially on slippery road surfaces such as snow or ice-covered roads and gravel roads. The system will allow your vehicle to make better use of available traction in these conditions. During TCS operation, the traction control active light will flash and the engine will not “rev-up” when you press further on the accelerator. This is normal system behavior and should be no reason for concern.

WARNING: Aggressive driving in any road conditions can cause you to lose control of your vehicle increasing the risk of severe

personal injury or property damage. The occurrence of a traction control event is an indication that at least some of the tires have exceeded their ability to grip the road. This may lead to an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal injury and death. If you experience a severe road event, SLOW DOWN.

The TCS switch, located on the center console, has a TCS OFF light that illuminates steadily in the instrument cluster when the system is off. The TCS will automatically turn on every time the ignition is turned off and on. The TCS should normally be left on. If you should become stuck in snow or ice or on a very slippery road surface, try switching the TCS off. This may allow excess wheel spin to “dig” the vehicle out and enable a successful “rocking” maneuver. Remember to switch the TCS back on once the vehicle is no longer stuck.

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If a system fault is detected, the traction control active light and the TCS OFF light will illuminate steadily in the instrument cluster, the TCS button will not turn the system on or off and your vehicle should be serviced by an authorized dealer.

ADVANCETRAC姞 WITH ROLL STABILITY CONTROL™ (RSC姞) STABILITY ENHANCEMENT SYSTEM (IF EQUIPPED) The AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system provides the following stability enhancement features for certain driving situations: • Traction control system (TCS), which functions to help avoid • Electronic stability control (ESC), which functions to help avoid skids • Roll Stability Control™ (RSC威), which functions to help avoid a

drive-wheel spin and loss of traction.

or lateral slides

vehicle roll-over.

WARNING: Vehicle modifications involving braking system, aftermarket roof racks, suspension, steering system, tire

construction and/or wheel/tire size may change the handling characteristics of the vehicle and may adversely affect the performance of the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system. In addition, installing any stereo loudspeakers may interfere with and adversely affect the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system. Install any aftermarket stereo loudspeaker as far as possible from the front center console, the tunnel, and the front seats in order to minimize the risk of interfering with the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 sensors. Reducing the effectiveness of the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system could lead to an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal injury and death.

WARNING: Remember that even advanced technology cannot defy the laws of physics. It’s always possible to lose control of a vehicle due to inappropriate driver input for the conditions. Aggressive driving on any road condition can cause you to lose control of your vehicle increasing the risk of personal injury or property damage. Activation of the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system is an indication that at least some of the tires have exceeded their ability to grip the road; this could reduce the operator’s ability to control the vehicle, potentially resulting in a loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal injury and death. If your AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system activates, SLOW DOWN.

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WARNING: If a failure has been detected within the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system, the stability control light and

TCS OFF light will illuminate steadily. Verify that the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system is not manually disabled. Press the TCS OFF button located on the center of the instrument panel. If the stability control light still illuminates steadily, have the system serviced by an authorized dealer immediately. Operating your vehicle with AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 disabled could lead to an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal injury and death.

The AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system automatically enables each time the engine is started. All features of the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system (TCS, ESC, and RSC威) are active and monitor the vehicle from start-up. However, the system will only intervene if the driving situation requires it. The AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system includes a TCS OFF button on the center of the instrument panel, a stability control light and a TCS OFF light in the instrument cluster. The stability control light in the instrument cluster will illuminate temporarily during start-up as part of a normal system self-check, or during driving if a driving situation causes the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system to operate. If the stability control light and TCS OFF light illuminate steadily, verify that the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system is not manually disabled by pressing the TCS OFF button located on the center stack of the instrument panel. If the stability control light and TCS OFF light remain steadily illuminated, or if the message center (if equipped) displays SERVICE RSC NOW, have the system serviced by an authorized dealer immediately. When AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 performs a normal system self-check, some drivers may notice a slight movement of the brake, and/or a rumble, grunting, or grinding noise after startup and when driving off. When an event occurs that activates AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 you may experience the following: • A slight deceleration of the vehicle • The stability control light will flash. • A vibration in the pedal when your foot is on the brake pedal

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Driving • If the driving condition is severe and your foot is not on the brake, the brake pedal may move as the systems applies higher brake forces. You may also hear a whoosh of air from under the instrument panel during this severe condition.

• The brake pedal may feel stiffer than usual. Traction control system (TCS) Traction control is a driver aid feature that helps your vehicle maintain traction of the wheels, typically when driving on slippery and/or hilly road surfaces, by detecting and controlling wheel spin. Excessive wheel spin is controlled in two ways, which may work separately or in tandem; engine traction control and brake traction control. Engine traction control works to limit drive-wheel spin by momentarily reducing engine power. Brake traction control works to limit wheel spin by momentarily applying the brakes to the wheel that is slipping. Traction control is most active at low speeds. During traction control events, the stability control light in the instrument cluster will flash. If the TCS is activated excessively in a short period of time, the braking portion of the system may become temporarily disabled to allow the brakes to cool down. In this situation, TCS will use only engine power reduction or transfer to help control the wheels from over-spinning. When the brakes have cooled down, the system will regain all features. Anti-lock braking, RSC威, and ESC are not affected by this condition and will continue to function during the cool-down period. The engine traction control and brake traction control system may be deactivated in certain situations. See Switching off AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威. Electronic stability control (ESC) Electronic stability control (ESC) may enhance your vehicle’s directional stability during adverse maneuvers, for example when cornering severely or avoiding objects in the roadway. ESC operates by applying brakes to one or more of the wheels individually and, if necessary, reducing engine power if the system detects that the vehicle is about to skid or slide laterally. During ESC events, the stability control light in the instrument cluster will flash.

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Certain adverse driving maneuvers may activate the ESC system, which include but are not limited to: • Taking a turn too fast • Maneuvering quickly to avoid an accident, pedestrian or obstacle • Driving over a patch of ice or other slippery surfaces • Changing lanes on a snow-rutted road • Entering a snow-free road from a snow-covered side street, or vice • Entering a paved road from a gravel road, or vice versa • Cornering while towing a heavily loaded trailer (refer to Trailer

versa

towing in the Tires, Wheels and Loading chapter).

Roll Stability Control™ (RSC威) Roll Stability Control™ (RSC威) may help to maintain roll stability of the vehicle during adverse maneuvers. RSC威 operates by detecting the vehicle’s roll motion and the rate at which it changes and by applying the brakes to one or more wheels individually. During an event that activates the RSC威, the stability control light in the instrument cluster will flash. Certain adverse driving maneuvers may activate the RSC威 system, which include: • Emergency lane-change • Taking a turn too fast • Quick maneuvering to avoid an accident, pedestrian or obstacle Switching off AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 If the vehicle is stuck in snow, mud or sand, and seems to lose engine power, switching off certain features of the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system may be beneficial because the wheels are allowed to spin. This will restore full engine power and will enhance momentum through the obstacle. To switch off the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system partially, press the TCS OFF button below 20 mph (32 km/h). Full features of the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system can be restored by pressing the TCS OFF button again or if the vehicle is above 20 mph (32 km/h) or by turning off and restarting the engine.

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If you switch off the AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system below 20 mph (32 km/h), the TCS OFF light and stability control light will illuminate steadily. Pressing the TCS OFF button again or if the vehicle is above 20 mph (32 km/h) will turn off the stability control light and TCS OFF light. The switch will not allow partial AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 system disabling above 20 mph (32 km/h). In R (Reverse), ABS and the engine traction control and brake traction control features will continue to function; however, ESC and RSC威 are disabled.

AdvanceTrac威 with RSC威 Features

Button functions

Default at start-up

Stability

control and TCS OFF

light

Illuminated during bulb

check

RSC威

ESC

TCS

Enabled

Enabled

Enabled

Button pressed momentarily

Illuminated

solid

Enabled

Enabled

Disabled

below 20 mph

(32 km/h)

Button pressed again after deactivation or driving above 20 mph (32 km/h)

Not

illuminated

Enabled

Enabled

Enabled

stops) for more than a few seconds when the engine is running.

STEERING To help prevent damage to the power steering system: • Never hold the steering wheel at its furthest turning points (until it • Do not operate the vehicle with a low power steering pump fluid level • Some noise is normal during operation. If the noise is excessive, check for low power steering pump fluid level before seeking service by your authorized dealer.

(If the fluid level is below the FULL COLD range on the dipstick).

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Driving • Heavy or uneven steering efforts may be caused by low power steering pump fluid level. Check for low power steering pump fluid level before seeking service by your authorized dealer. • Do not fill the power steering pump reservoir above the MAX mark, as

this may result in leaks from the reservoir.

If the power steering system breaks down (or if the engine is turned off), you can steer the vehicle manually, but it takes more effort. If the steering wanders or pulls, check for: • an improperly inflated tire. • uneven tire wear. • loose or worn suspension components. • loose or worn steering components. • improper steering alignment. A high crown in the road or high crosswinds may also make the steering seem to wander/pull.

TRACTION-LOK AXLE (IF EQUIPPED) This axle provides added traction on slippery surfaces, particularly when one wheel is on a poor traction surface. Under normal conditions, the traction-lok axle functions like a standard rear axle. The axle may exhibit a slight noise or vibration in tight turns with low vehicle speed. This is normal behavior and indicates the axle is working.

PREPARING TO DRIVE

WARNING: Utility vehicles have a significantly higher rollover rate than other types of vehicles.

WARNING: In a rollover crash, an unbelted person is significantly more likely to die than a person wearing a seat belt.

Utility vehicles and trucks have larger tires and increased ground clearance, giving the vehicle a higher center of gravity than a passenger car.

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WARNING: Vehicles with a higher center of gravity such as utility vehicles and trucks handle differently than vehicles with a lower center of gravity. Utility vehicles and trucks are not designed for cornering at speeds as high as passenger cars any more than low-slung sports cars are designed to perform satisfactorily under off-road conditions. Avoid sharp turns, excessive speed or abrupt maneuvers in these vehicles. Failure to drive cautiously could result in an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal injury and death.

WARNING: Loaded vehicles, with a higher center of gravity, may handle differently than unloaded vehicles. Do not overload

your vehicle and use extra precautions, such as driving at slower speeds, avoiding abrupt steering changes and allowing for increased stopping distance, when driving a heavily loaded vehicle. Over-loading or loading the vehicle improperly can deteriorate handling capability and contribute to loss of vehicle control and vehicle rollover.

Vehicle stability and handling The risk of a rollover crash increases as the number of people and load in the vehicle increase. This increased risk occurs because the passenger weight and load raises the vehicle’s center of gravity and causes it to shift rearward. As a result, the van has less resistance to rollover and handles differently from other commonly driven passenger vehicles, making it more difficult to control in an emergency situation. Placing any load on the roof also raises the center of gravity and increases the potential for rollover. The van should be operated by an experienced driver. An organization that owns a 15–passenger van should select one or two experienced drivers to drive the van on a regular basis. These drivers will gain valuable experience handling the van. This experience will help make each trip safer. The van should be operated at a safe speed which, in some conditions, may be less than the posted speed limit. Further, all occupants should be properly restrained. Most people killed in rollover crashes were unbelted. Occupants can dramatically reduce their risk of being killed or seriously injured in a rollover crash by simply using their seat belts. Organizations that own 15–passenger vans should have a written seat belt use policy. Drivers should be responsible for enforcing the policy. 200

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Emergency maneuvers • In an unavoidable emergency situation where a sudden sharp turn must be made, remember to avoid “over-driving” your vehicle, i.e., turn the steering wheel only as rapidly and as far as required to avoid the emergency. Excessive steering will result in less vehicle control, not more. Additionally, smooth variations of the accelerator and/or brake pedal pressure should be utilized if changes in vehicle speed are called for. Avoid abrupt steering, acceleration or braking which could result in an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover and/or personal injury. Use all available road surface to return the vehicle to a safe direction of travel.

• In the event of an emergency stop, avoid skidding the tires and do not

attempt any sharp steering wheel movements.

WARNING: Vehicles with a higher center of gravity such as utility and four-wheel drive vehicles handle differently than vehicles with a lower center of gravity. Utility and four-wheel drive vehicles are not designed for cornering at speeds as high as passenger cars any more than low-slung sports cars are designed to perform satisfactorily under off-road conditions. Avoid sharp turns, excessive speed and abrupt maneuvers in these vehicles. Failure to drive cautiously could result in an increased risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal injury and death. • If the vehicle goes from one type of surface to another (i.e., from concrete to gravel) there will be a change in the way the vehicle responds to a maneuver (steering, acceleration or braking). Again, avoid these abrupt inputs.

BRAKE-SHIFT INTERLOCK The vehicle is equipped with a brake-shift interlock feature that prevents the gearshift lever from being moved from P (Park) unless the brake pedal is pressed. If you cannot move the gearshift lever out of P (Park) with the ignition in the on position and the brake pedal pressed, it is possible that a fuse has blown or the vehicle’s brake lamps are not operating properly. Refer to Fuses and relays in the Roadside Emergencies chapter.

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If the fuse is not blown and the brake lamps are working properly, the following procedure will allow you to move the gearshift lever from P (Park): 1. Apply the parking brake, and turn the ignition to the on position. 2. Use a screwdriver to remove the lower trim panel under the steering column. Make sure to not disturb the wires on the electrical connector. 3. Locate the brake-shift interlock solenoid underneath the steering column. 4. Pull back on the solenoid, and at the same time, shift the transmission into N (Neutral). 5. Start the vehicle. See your authorized dealer as soon as possible if this procedure is used.

WARNING: Do not drive your vehicle until you verify that the brake lamps are working.

WARNING: When doing this procedure, you will be taking the vehicle out of park which means the vehicle can roll freely. To avoid unwanted vehicle movement, always fully set the parking brake prior to doing this procedure. Use wheel chocks if appropriate.

WARNING: If the parking brake is fully released, but the brake warning lamp remains illuminated, the brakes may not be

working properly. See your authorized dealer.

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2011 Econoline (eco) Owners Guide, 3rd Printing USA (fus)

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION OPERATION

Understanding the gearshift positions of the 4–speed automatic transmission

Driving

Your vehicle has been designed to improve fuel economy by reducing fuel usage during coasting or deceleration. When you take your foot off the accelerator pedal and the vehicle begins to slow down the torque converter clutch locks up and aggressively shuts off fuel flow to the engine while decelerating. This fuel economy benefit may be perceived as a light to medium braking sensation when removing your foot from the accelerator pedal. This vehicle is equipped with an adaptive transmission shift strategy. Adaptive transmission shift strategy offers the optimal transmission operation and shift quality. When the vehicle’s battery has been disconnected for any type of service or repair, the transmission will need to relearn the normal shift strategy parameters, much like having to reset your radio stations when your vehicle battery has been disconnected. The adaptive transmission shift strategy allows the transmission to relearn these operating parameters. This learning process could take several transmission upshifts and downshifts; during this learning process, slightly firmer shifts may occur. After this learning process, normal shift feel and shift scheduling will resume. P (Park) This position locks the transmission and prevents the rear wheels from turning. To put your vehicle in gear: 1. Start the engine 2. Press the brake pedal 3. Move the gearshift lever into the desired gear To put your vehicle in P (Park): 1. Come to a complete stop 2. Move the gearshift lever and securely latch it in P (Park)

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Driving

WARNING: Always set the parking brake fully and make sure the gearshift is latched in P (Park). Turn the ignition to the lock

position and remove the key whenever you leave your vehicle.

R (Reverse) With the gearshift lever in R (Reverse), the vehicle will move backward. Always come to a complete stop before shifting into and out of R (Reverse). N (Neutral) With the gearshift lever in N (Neutral), the vehicle can be started and is free to roll. Hold the brake pedal down while in this position.

(Overdrive)

The normal driving position for the best fuel economy. Transmission operates in gears one through four.

Overdrive can be deactivated by pressing the transmission control switch on the end of the gearshift lever.

The O/D OFF lamp will illuminate in the instrument cluster.

O/D

ON/OFF

O/D OFF

Drive (not shown) Drive is activated when the transmission control switch is pressed. • This position allows for all forward gears except overdrive. • O/D OFF lamp is illuminated. • Provides engine braking. • Use when driving conditions cause excessive shifting from O/D to other gears. Examples: hilly terrain, heavy loads, trailer towing and when engine braking is required. • To return to O/D (Overdrive), press the transmission control switch. • O/D (Overdrive) is automatically returned each time the key is turned

The O/D OFF lamp will not be illuminated.

off.

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2011 Econoline (eco) Owners Guide, 3rd Printing USA (fus)

Driving

2 (Second) This position allows for second gear only. • Provides engine braking. • Use to start-up on slippery roads. • To return to • Selecting 2 (Second) at higher speeds will cause the transmission to

(Overdrive), move the gearshift lever into the

(Overdrive) position.

downshift to second gear at the appropriate vehicle speed.

1 (First) • Provides maximum engine braking. • Allows upshifts by moving gearshift lever. • Will not downshift into 1 (First) at high speeds; allows for 1 (First)

when vehicle reaches slower speeds.

(Overdrive) or Drive.

Forced downshifts • Allowed in • Press the accelerator to the floor. • Allows transmission to select an appropriate gear. Understanding the shift positions of the 5–speed automatic transmission (if equipped - 5.4L and 6.8L gasoline engines only)

Your vehicle has been designed to improve fuel economy by reducing fuel usage during coasting or deceleration. When you take your foot off the accelerator pedal and the vehicle begins to slow down, the torque converter clutch locks up and aggressively shuts off fuel flow to the engine while decelerating. This fuel economy benefit may be perceived as a light to medium braking sensation when removing your foot from the accelerator pedal. This vehicle is equipped with an adaptive transmission shift strategy. Adaptive transmission shift strategy offers the optimal transmission operation and shift quality. When the vehicle’s battery has been disconnected for any type of service or repair, the transmission will need to relearn the normal shift strategy parameters, much like having to reset your radio stations when your vehicle battery has been disconnected.

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2011 Econoline (eco) Owners Guide, 3rd Printing USA (fus)

Driving

The adaptive transmission shift strategy allows the transmission to relearn these operating parameters. This learning process could take several transmission upshifts and downshifts; during this learning process, slightly firmer shifts may occur. After this learning process, normal shift feel and shift scheduling will resume. P (Park) This position locks the transmission and prevents the rear wheels from turning. To put your vehicle in gear: 1. Start the engine 2. Press the brake pedal 3. Move the gearshift lever into the desired gear To put your vehicle in P (Park): 1. Come to a complete stop 2. Move the gearshift lever and securely latch it in P (Park)

WARNING: Always set the parking brake fully and make sure the gearshift is latched in P (Park). Turn the ignition to the lock

position and remove the key whenever you leave your vehicle.

R (Reverse) With the gearshift lever in R (Reverse), the vehicle will move backward. Always come to a complete stop before shifting into and out of R (Reverse). N (Neutral) With the gearshift lever in N (Neutral), the vehicle can be started and is free to roll. Hold the brake pedal down while in this position. D (Overdrive) with Tow/Haul off D (Overdrive) with tow/haul off is the normal driving position for the best fuel economy. The overdrive function allows automatic upshifts and downshifts through gears one through five. D (Overdrive) with Tow/Haul on The tow/haul feature improves transmission operation when towing a trailer or a heavy load. All transmission gear ranges are available when using tow/haul. 206

2011 Econoline (eco) Owners Guide, 3rd Printing USA (fus)