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䡵 Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319▫ Schedule “B”—All Engines
▫ Schedule “A”—Non Turbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
▫ Schedule “A”—Turbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333M
316 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM MAINTENANCE The “Scheduled” maintenance services, listed in bold type must be done at the times or mileages specified to assure the continued proper functioning of the emission control system. These, and all other maintenance services included in this manual, should be done to provide best vehicle performance and reliability. More frequent main- tenance may be needed for vehicles in severe operating conditions such as dusty areas and very short trip driving. Inspection and service also should be done any time a malfunction is suspected. NOTE: Maintenance, replacement, or repair of the emis- sion control devices and systems on your vehicle may be performed by any automotive repair establishment or individual using any automotive part which has been certified pursuant to U.S. EPA or, in the State of Califor- nia, California Air Resources Board regulations.
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE There are three maintenance schedules that show re- quired service for your vehicle. First is Schedule “B”—ALL ENGINES. It is for vehicles that are operated under the conditions that are listed below and at the beginning of the schedule. • Day and night temperatures are below 32° F (0° C). • Stop and go driving. • Extensive engine idling. • Driving in dusty conditions. • Short trips of less than 10 miles (16 km). • More than 50% of your driving is at sustained high • Trailer towing.†〫
speeds during hot weather, above 90° F (32° C).
vice).†〫
• Taxi, police, or delivery service (commercial ser- • Off-road or desert operation. • If equipped for and operating with E-85 (ethanol)
fuel.
If ANY of these apply to you then change your NOTE: engine oil every 3,000 miles (5 000 km) or 3 months, whichever comes first, and follow schedule “B—All Engines” of the ⬙Maintenance Schedules⬙ section of this manual. IF ANY of these apply to you then flush and NOTE: replace the engine coolant every 102,000 miles (164,000
km) or 60 months, whichever comes first, and follow schedule “B—All Engines” of the ⬙Maintenance Sched- ules⬙ section of this manual. NOTE: Most vehicles are operated under the conditions listed for Schedule ⬙B⬙—ALL ENGINES.MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES 317
Second is Schedule “A”—NON TURBO. It is for vehicles that are not operated under any of the conditions listed under Schedule ⬙B⬙—ALL ENGINES. Third is Schedule “A”—TURBO. It is for vehicles that are not operated under any of the conditions listed under Schedule ⬙B⬙—ALL ENGINES. Use the schedule that best describes your driving condi- tions. Where time and mileage are listed, follow the interval that occurs first.
CAUTION!
Failure to perform the required maintenance items may result in damage to the vehicle.
M
318 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
At Each Stop for Fuel • Check the engine oil level about 5 minutes after a fully warmed engine is shut off. Checking the oil level while the vehicle is on level ground will improve the accu- racy of the oil level reading. Add oil only when the level is at or below the ADD or MIN mark. • Check the windshield washer solvent and add if
required.
damage.
Once a Month • Check tire pressure and look for unusual wear or • Inspect the battery and clean and tighten the terminals • Check the fluid levels of coolant reservoir, brake
as required.
master cylinder and transaxle and add as needed.
• Check all lights and all other electrical items for correct • Check rubber seals on each side of the radiator for
operation.
proper fit.
At Each Oil Change • Change the engine oil filter. • Inspect the exhaust system. • Inspect the brake hoses. • Inspect the CV joints and front suspension compo- • Check the automatic transaxle fluid level. • Check the manual transaxle fluid level and fill plug • Check the coolant level, hoses, and clamps.
condition.
nents.
SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES Follow schedule “B”—All Engines if you usually operate your vehicle under one or more of the following condi- tions. Change the automatic transmission fluid and filter every 60,000 miles (96 000 km) if the vehicle is usually operated under one or more of the conditions marked with an 〫. Change the manual transaxle fluid every 48,000 miles (77
000 km) if the vehicle is usually operated under one or more of the conditions marked with an †. • Day and night temperatures are below32° F (0° C). • Stop and go driving. • Extensive engine idling. • Driving in dusty conditions. • Short trips of less than 10 miles (16.2 km).SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES 319
speeds during hot weather, above 90° F (32° C ).
• More than 50% of your driving is at sustained high • Trailer towing.†〫 • Taxi, police, or delivery service (commercial ser- • Off-road or desert operation. • If equipped for and operating with E-85 (ethanol)
vice).†〫
fuel.
If ANY of these apply to you then change your NOTE: engine oil every 3,000 miles (5 000 km) or 3 months, whichever comes first, and follow schedule “B—All Engines” of the ⬙Maintenance Schedules⬙ section of this manual.
320 SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES
IF ANY of these apply to you then flush and NOTE: replace the engine coolant every 102,000 miles (164,000
km) or 60 months, whichever comes first, and follow schedule “B—All Engines” of the ⬙Maintenance Sched- ules⬙ section of this manual. If none of these apply to you, and your vehicle is equipped with a Non–Turbo Charged Engine then change your engine oil at every interval shown onschedule “A”—NON TURBO in the maintenance sched- ule section of this manual. If none of these apply to you, and your vehicle is equipped with a Turbo Charged Engine change your engine oil at every interval shown on schedule “A”—TURBO in the maintenance schedule section of this manual.
3,000
(5 000)Miles (Kilometers) Change engine oil and engine oil filter, if not replaced at 3 months. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Inspect the engine air cleaner filter, replace as necessary.* Inspect the Make-up air filter, replace as nec- essary.
SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES 321
6,000
(10 000)9,000
(14 000)12,000
(19 000)15,000
(24 000)18,000
(29 000)322 SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES
Miles (Kilometers) Change engine oil and engine oil filter, if not replaced at 3 months. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Replace the engine air cleaner filter. Replace the spark plugs. Inspect the tie rod ends and boot seals. Inspect the PCV valve and replace as neces- sary.* Replace the Make-up air filter. Adjust the generator drive belt tension.
21,000
(34 000)24,000
(38 000)27,000
(43 000)30,000
(48 000)33,000
(53 000)36,000
(58 000)Miles ( Kilometers) Change engine oil and engine oil filter, if not replaced at 3 months. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Change the brake fluid. If vehicle is used for trailer towing. Inspect the engine air cleaner filter, replace as necessary.* Change the manual transaxle fluid.† Inspect the Make-up air filter. Replace as nec- essary.
SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES 323
39,000
(62 000)42,000
(67 000)45,000
(72 000)48,000
(77 000)51,000
(82 000)54,000
(86 000)M
324 SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES
Miles ( Kilometers) Change engine oil and engine oil filter, if not replaced at 3 months. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Replace the engine air cleaner filter. Replace the spark plugs and ignition cables. Inspect the tie rod ends and boot seals. Inspect the PCV valve and replace if neces- sary. Not required if previously changed. * ‡ Replace the Make-up air filter. Adjust the generator drive belt tension. Change the automatic transaxle fluid and fil- ter.〫 Flush and replace engine coolant at 60
months, if not done at 102,000 miles.57,000
(91 000)60,000
(96 000)63,000
(101 000)66,000
(106 000)69,000
(111 000)72,000
(115 000)SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES 325
Miles (Kilometers) Change engine oil and engine oil filter, if not re- placed at 3 months. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Inspect the engine air cleaner filter and replace as necessary.* Replace the engine air cleaner filter. Replace the spark plugs. Inspect the tie rod ends and boot seals. Inspect the PCV valve and replace if necessary. Not required if previously changed. * ‡ Replace the engine timing belt. * Inspect the Make-up air filter, replace as necessary. Adjust the generator drive belt tension. Replace the Make-up air filter.
75,000
87,000
(120 000) (125 000) (130 000) (135 000) (130 000)78,000
81,000
84,000
90,000
(144 000)M
326 SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES
Miles (Kilometers) Change engine oil and engine oil filter, if not re- placed at 3 months. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Change the brake fluid. If vehicle is used for trailer towing. Inspect the engine air cleaner filter and replace as necessary.* Change the manual transaxle fluid.† Flush and replace the engine coolant, if not replaced at 60 months. Inspect the Make-up air filter, replace as necessary.
93,000
(150 000)96,000
(154 000)99,000
(159 000)102,000
(164 000)105,000
(168 000)Miles (Kilometers) Change engine oil and engine oil filter, if not re- placed at 3 months. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Replace the engine air cleaner filter. * Inspect the tie rod ends and boot seals. Replace the Make-up air filter. Adjust the generator drive belt tension. Change automatic transaxle fluid and filter.〫 Inspect the PCV valve and replace if necessary. *‡ Flush and replace the engine coolant at 120 months, if not replaced at 102,000 miles. Replace the spark plugs and ignition cables.
SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES 327
108,000
(173 000)111,000
(178 000)114,000
(183 000)117,000
(188 000)120,000
(193 000)328 SCHEDULE “B”—ALL ENGINES
* This maintenance is recommended by the manufacturer to the owner but is not required to maintain the emis- sions warranty. ‡ This maintenance is not required if previously replaced. † This maintenance is required only for police, taxi, limousine type operation, or trailer towing.
〫 This maintenance is required only for police, taxi, limousine type operation, or trailer towing. Inspection and service should also be performed anytime a malfunction is observed or suspected. Retain all re- ceipts.
SCHEDULE “A”—NON TURBO Miles (Kilometers ) [Months] Change engine oil and engine oil filter. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Replace the engine air cleaner filter. Replace the spark plugs. Inspect the tie rod ends and boot seals. Replace the Make-up air filter. Adjust the generator drive belt tension
SCHEDULE “A”—NON TURBO 329
6,000
(10 000)12,000
(19 000)18,000
(29 000)24,000
(38 000)30,000
(48 000)36,000
(58 000)[6]
[12]
[18]
[24]
[36]
[30]
M
330 SCHEDULE “A”—NON TURBO
Miles (Kilometers) [Months] Change engine oil and engine oil filter. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Replace the engine air cleaner filter. Replace the spark plugs and ignition cables. Inspect the tie rod ends and boot seals. Inspect the PCV valve and replace, if necessary.* Flush and replace the engine coolant at 60 months, if not done at 102,000 miles. Replace the Make-up air filter. Adjust the generator drive belt tension.
42,000
(67 000)48,000
(77 000)54,000
(86 000)60,000
(96 000)66,000
(106 000)[42]
[48]
[54]
[66]
[60]
Miles (Kilometers) [Months] Change engine oil and engine oil filter. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Replace the engine air cleaner filter. Replace the spark plugs. Inspect the tie rod ends and boot seals. Inspect the PCV valve and replace if necessary. Not required if previously changed. * ‡ Replace the Make-up air filter. Adjust the generator drive belt tension. Flush and replace the engine coolant, if not replaced at 60 months.
SCHEDULE “A”—NON TURBO 331
72,000
(115 000)78,000
(125 000)84,000
(134 000)90,000
(144 000)96,000
(154 000)102,000
(164 000)[72]
[78]
[84]
[90]
[96]
[102]
M
332 SCHEDULE “A”—NON TURBO
Miles (Kilometers) [Months] Change engine oil and engine oil filter. Rotate tires. Inspect the PCV valve and replace if necessary. * ‡ Replace the air cleaner filter. Replace the engine timing belt. * Flush and replace the engine coolant at 120 months, if not done at 102,000 miles. Replace the spark plugs and ignition cables. Replace the Make-up air filter. * This maintenance is recommended by the manufacturer to the owner but is not required to maintain the emis- sions warranty. ‡ This maintenance is not required if previously replaced.
108,000
(173 000)[108]
114,000
(182 000)[114]
120,000
(192 000)[120]
Inspection and service should also be performed anytime a malfunction is observed or suspected. Retain all re- ceipts.
SCHEDULE “A”—TURBO Miles (Kilometers) [Months] Change engine oil and engine oil filter. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Replace the engine air cleaner filter. Replace the spark plugs. Inspect the tie rod ends and boot seals. Replace the Make-up air filter. Adjust the generator drive belt tension.
SCHEDULE “A”—TURBO 333
5,000
(8 000)10,000
(16 000)15,000
(24 000)20,000
(32 000)25,000
(40 000)30,000
(48 000)[6]
[12]
[18]
[24]
[30]
[36]
334 SCHEDULE “A”—TURBO
Miles (Kilometers) [Months] Change engine oil and engine oil filter. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Flush and replace engine coolant at 60 months, if not replaced at 100,000 miles.
35,000
(56 000)40,000
(64 000)45,000
(72 000)50,000
(80 000)55,000
(88 000)[42]
[48]
[54]
[66]
[60]
Miles (Kilometers) [Months] Change engine oil and engine oil filter. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Replace the engine air cleaner filter. Replace the spark plugs and ignition cables. Inspect the tie rod ends and boot seals. Inspect the PCV valve and replace if necessary. Not required if previously changed. * ‡ Replace the Make-up air filter. Adjust the generator drive belt tension.
SCHEDULE “A”—TURBO 335
60,000
(96 000)65,000
(104 000)70,000
(112 000)75,000
(120 000)80,000
(128 000)85,000
(136 000)[78]
[84]
[90]
[96]
[102]
[72]
M
336 SCHEDULE “A”—TURBO
Miles (Kilometers) [Months] Change engine oil and engine oil filter. Rotate tires. Inspect the brake linings. Replace the engine air cleaner filter. Replace the spark plugs. Adjust the generator drive belt tension. Inspect the tie rod ends and boot seals. Inspect the PCV valve and replace if necessary. Not required if previously changed. * ‡ Flush and replace the engine coolant if not done at 60 months. Replace the Make-up air filter. Replace the engine timing belt.
90,000
(144 000)[108]
95,000
(156 000)[114]
100,000
(160 000)[120]
105,000
(168 000)[126]
Miles (Kilometers) [Month] Change engine oil and engine oil filter. Rotate tires. Inspect the PCV Valve and replace if necessary. * Replace the engine air cleaner filter. Replace the spark plugs and ignition cables. * This maintenance is recommended by the manufacturer to the owner but is not required to maintain the emis- sions warranty. ‡ This maintenance is not required if previously replaced. Inspection and service should also be performed anytime a malfunction is observed or suspected. Retain all re- ceipts.
SCHEDULE “A”—TURBO 337
110,000
(177 000)[132]
115,000
(185 000)[138]
120,000
(193 000)[144]
WARNING!
You can be badly injured working on or around a motor vehicle. Do only that service work for which you have the knowledge and the right equipment. If you have any doubt about your ability to perform a service job, take your vehicle to a competent me- chanic.
IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE
CONTENTS
䡵 Suggestions For Obtaining Service For Your
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
▫ Prepare For The Appointment . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
▫ Prepare A List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
▫ Be Reasonable With Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
䡵 If You Need Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
䡵 Warranty Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
䡵 Mopar威 Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345䡵 Reporting Safety Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
▫ In Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
䡵 Publication Order Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
䡵 Department Of Transportation Uniform TireQuality Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
▫ Treadwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
▫ Traction Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
▫ Temperature Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 9340 IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE
SUGGESTIONS FOR OBTAINING SERVICE FOR YOUR VEHICLE
Prepare For The Appointment If you’re having warranty work done, be sure to have the right papers with you. Take your warranty folder. All work to be performed may not be covered by the warranty, discuss additional charges with the service manager. Keep a maintenance log of your vehicle’s service history. This can often provide a clue to the current problem. Prepare A List Make a written list of your vehicle’s problems or the specific work you want done. If you’ve had an accident, or work done that is not on your maintenance log, let the service advisor know.
Be Reasonable With Requests If you list a number of items, and you must have your vehicle by the end of the day, discuss the situation with the service advisor and list the items in order of priority. At many dealers you may obtain a rental vehicle at a minimal daily charge. If you need a rental, it is advisable to make these arrangements when you call for an ap- pointment.
IF YOU NEED ASSISTANCE The manufacturer and its dealers are vitally interested in your satisfaction. We want you to be happy with our products and services.
Warranty service must be done by an authorized Chrysler, Dodge, or Jeep dealer. We strongly recommend that you take your vehicle to you selling dealer. They know you and your vehicle best, and are most concerned that you get prompt and high quality service. The manufacturer’s dealers have the facilities, factory-trained technicians, special tools, and the latest information to assure your vehicle is fixed correctly and in a timely manner. This is why you should always talk to your dealer’s service manager first. Most matters can be resolved with this process. • If for some reason you are still not satisfied, talk to the general manager or owner of the dealership. They want to know if you need assistance.
IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE 341
• If your dealership is unable to resolve the concern, you
may contact the Manufacturer’s Customer Center.
Any communication to the Manufacturer’s Customer Center should include the following information: • Owner’s name and address • Owner’s telephone number (home and office) • Dealership name • Vehicle identification number • Vehicle delivery date and mileage DaimlerChrysler Motors Corporation Customer Center P.O. Box 21–8004
Auburn Hills, MI 48321–8004
Phone: (800) 992-1997342 IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE
DaimlerChrysler Canada Inc. Customer Center P.O. Box 1621
Windsor, Ontario N9A 4H6
Phone —(800) 465–2001
In Mexico contact: Av. Prolongacion Paseo de la Reforma, 1240
Sante Fe C.P. 05109
Mexico, D. F. In Mexico (915) 729–1248 or 729–1240
Outside Mexico (525) 729–1248 or 729–1240
Customer Assistance For The Hearing Or Speech Impaired (TDD/TTY) To assist customers who have hearing difficulties, the manufacturer has installed special TDD (Telecommuni- cation Devices for the Deaf) equipment at its Customer Center. Any hearing or speech impaired customer who has access to a TDD or a conventional teletypewriter(TTY) in the United States can communicate with the manufacturer by dialing 1–800–380–CHRY. Service Contract You may have purchased a service contract for your vehicle to help protect you from the high cost of unex- pected repairs after your manufacturer’s new vehicle limited warranty expires. The manufacturer stands be- hind only the manufacturer’s Service Contracts. If you purchased a manufacturer’s Service Contract, you will receive Plan Provisions and an Owner Identification Card in the mail within three weeks of your vehicle delivery date. If you have any questions about your service contract, call the manufacturer’s Service Contract Na- tional Customer Hotline at 1-800-521-9922.
The manufacturer will not stand behind any service contract that is not the manufacturer’s Service Contract. It is not responsible for any service contract other than the manufacturer’s Service Contract. If you purchased a service contract that is not a manufacturer’s Service Contract, and you require service after your manufactur- er’s new vehicle limited warranty expires, please refer to your contract documents, and contact the person listed in those documents. We appreciate that you have made a major investment when you purchased your new vehicle. Your dealer has also made a major investment in facilities, tools, and training to assure that you are absolutely delighted with your ownership experience. You’ll be pleased with their sincere efforts to resolve any warranty issues or related concerns.
IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE 343
WARRANTY INFORMATION See your manufacturer’s Warranty Information Booklet for information on warranty coverage and transfer of warranty.
344 IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE
U.S. ONLY
MOPAR姞 PARTS Mopar威 fluids, lubricants, parts, and accessories are available from your dealer. They will help you keep your vehicle operating at its best.
REPORTING SAFETY DEFECTS In the 50 United States and Washington D.C.: If you believe that your vehicle has a defect which could cause a crash or cause injury or death, you should immediately inform the National Highway Traffic Safety Administra- tion (NHTSA) in addition to notifying the manufacturer. If NHTSA receives similar complaints, it may open an investigation, and if it finds that a safety defect exists in a group of vehicles, it may order a recall and remedy campaign. However, NHTSA cannot become involved in individual problems between you, your dealer, and the manufacturer.
IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE 345
To contact NHTSA, you may either call the Auto Safety Hotline toll free at 1-800-424-9393 (or 366-0123 in Wash- ington DC area) or write to: NHTSA, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Washington DC 20590. You can also obtain other information about motor vehicle safety from the Hotline. In Canada: If you believe that your vehicle has a safety defect, you should contact the Customer Service Department imme- diately. Canadian customers who wish to report a safety defect to the Canadian government should write to Transport Canada, Motor Vehicle Defect Investigations and Recalls, 2780 Sheffield Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1B 3V9.
346 IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE
PUBLICATION ORDER FORMS To order the following manuals, you may use either the website or the phone numbers listed below. Visa, Mas- tercard, American Express, and Discover orders are ac- cepted. If you prefer mailing your payment, please call for an order form. NOTE: A street address is required when ordering manuals. (No P.O. Boxes). • Service Manuals.
These comprehensive service manuals provide the information that students and professional technicians need in diagnosing/troubleshooting, problem solving, maintaining, servicing and repairing DaimlerChrysler Corporation vehicles. A complete working knowledge of the vehicle, system and/or components is written in straightforward language with illustrations, diagrams and charts.
• Diagnostic Procedure Manuals.
Filled with diagrams, charts and detailed illustrations, these practical manuals make it easy for students and technicians to find and fix problems on computer- controlled vehicle systems and features. They show exactly how to find and correct problems the first time, using step-by-step troubleshooting and driveability procedures, proven diagnostic tests and a complete list of all tools and equipment.
• Owner’s Manuals.
These manuals have been prepared with the assistance of service and engineering specialists to acquaint you with specific Chrysler group vehicles. Included are starting, operating, emergency and maintenance pro- cedures as well as specifications, capabilities and safety tips.
Call Toll Free at 1–800–890–4038 (U.S.) or 1–800–387–1143
(Canada) Or Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.techauthority.daimlerchrysler.com or www.daimlerchrysler.ca/manualsDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADES The following describes the tire grading categories estab- lished by the National highway Traffic Safety Adminis- tration. The specific grade rating assigned by the tire’s manufacturer in each category is shown on the sidewall of the tires on your car. All Passenger Car Tires Must Conform to Federal Safety Requirements in Addition to These Grades.
IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE 347
Treadwear The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled con- ditions on a specified government test course. For ex- ample, a tire graded 150 would wear one and a half (1
1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and may depart significantly from the norm due to variations in driving habits, service practices and differences in road characteristics and climate. Traction Grades The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are A, B, and C, and they represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and con- crete. A tire marked C may have poor traction perfor- mance.348 IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE
WARNING!
WARNING!
The temperature grade is established for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire failure.
The traction grade is based on braking (straight- ahead) traction tests and does not include cornering (turning) performance.
Temperature Grades The temperature grades are A (highest), B, and C, repre- senting the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a level of performance which all passen- ger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.
INDEX
10
350 INDEX
ABS (Anti-Lock Brake) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Adding Engine Coolant (Antifreeze) . . . . . . . . . . 286
Adding Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Adding Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Additives, Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Air Cleaner, Engine (Engine Air Cleaner Filter) . . . 276
Air Conditioner Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Air Conditioning Controls Air Conditioning, Operating Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Air Conditioning Refrigerant . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279,280
Air Conditioning System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,279
Air Pressure, Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Airbag Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Airbag Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,52,62,142
Airbag Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Airbag, Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Alarm, Panic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Alarm System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,137Capacities Disposal
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Alignment and Balance Alterations/Modifications, Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Antenna, Satellite Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Antifreeze (Engine Coolant) . . . . . . . . . . . 285,311,312
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Anti-Lock Warning Light Anti-Theft Security Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Appearance Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Auto Down Power Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Automatic Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Automatic Transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,196,199,293
Fluid and Filter Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Fluid Level Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Interlock System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,200
Reset Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Selection Of Lubricant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201Special Additives
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Autostick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,204Keyless Transmitter Replacement
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Back-Up Lights Ball Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
. . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Belts, Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Belts, Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Body Mechanism Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
B-Pillar Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Brake Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Brake, Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211,290
Anti-Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Master Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140INDEX 351
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211,290
Brake/Transmission Interlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Break-In Recommendations, New Vehicle . . . . . . . . 60
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306,308
Bulbs, Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306Calibration, Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Capacities, Antifreeze (Engine Coolant) . . . . . . . . 311
Capacities, Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Caps, FillerFuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Oil (Engine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264,265,272
Carbon Monoxide Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Cargo CompartmentLuggage Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Carrier, Luggage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Cassette Tape and Player Maintenance . . . . . . . . . 181
Cassette Tape Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,149,152
Catalytic Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27410
352 INDEX
Caution, Exhaust Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
CD Changer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,161,167
CD Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,163,165,169,172
CD Player Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Cellular Phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,183
Center High Mounted Stop Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Central Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Changing A Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Chart, Tire Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Check Engine Light (Malfunction Indicator Light) . 267
Child Restraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Child Restraint Tether Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Child Restraint with Automatic Belts . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Child Safety Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Child Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Clean Air Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Climate Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Clutch Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Coin Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Compact Disc Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Compact Disc Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,159
Compact Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Compass Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Compass Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Console, Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Contract, Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Cool Down, Turbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311,312
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284,287
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Adding Coolant (Antifreeze) Coolant Level Disposal of Used Coolant Drain, Flush, and Refill
INDEX 353
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286,288
Pressure Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Selection of Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Corrosion Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Crankcase Emission Control System . . . . . . . . . . 276
Cruise Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Cup Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Customer AssistanceDealer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Defroster, Rear Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Defroster, Windshield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,185
Delay (Intermittent) Wipers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Diagnostic System, Onboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Dimmer Switch, Headlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
DisposalAntifreeze (Engine Coolant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273Door Ajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Door Locks, Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Door Opener, Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Downshifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Drive Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
DrivingOn Slippery Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Electric Rear Window Defrost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Electric Remote Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Electrical Power Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Electronic Power Distribution Center . . . . . . . . . . 303
Electronic Speed Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Emergency, In Case ofJacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Emergency Trunk Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2910
354 INDEX
Emission Control System Maintenance . . . . . . 267,316
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264,265
Break-In Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Checking Oil Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Exhaust Gas Caution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Fuel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269,311,312
Oil Oil Change Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Oil Filler Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264,265,272
Oil Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Oil Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Oil Synthetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Timing Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Exhaust Gas Caution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,61,238,283
Exhaust System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Filler Location Fuel Filters
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Flashers
Air Cleaner Engine Fuel Engine Oil
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273,312
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Hazard Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Flat Tire Stowage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Flooded Engine Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Fluid, Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Fluid Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Fluid Leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Fluid Level ChecksAutomatic Transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Fog Light Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Fog Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,143
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Folding Rear Seat Freeing A Stuck Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Fuel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235,312
Adding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Clean Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Filler Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,239
Filler Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Hoses Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Octane Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
System Hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Tank Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
FusesINDEX 355
Garage Door Opener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Gas Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235,311
Gasoline Gasoline, Clean Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Gasoline, Reformulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
GaugesCoolant Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Tachometer Gearshift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,24
General Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Glass Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302Hands-Free Phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Hazard Warning Flasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8510
356 INDEX
Headlights
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
High Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,139
High Beam/Low Beam Select Switch . . . . . . . . . 98
Passing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Heated Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Homelink Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Hood Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289Ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Wiring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,27
Indicator, Traction Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,142
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Infant Restraint Inside Rearview Mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,137
Instrument Panel and Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Instrument Panel Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Instrument Panel Lens Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Integrated Power Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Interior Appearance Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Interior Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Interior Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Intermittent Wipers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Jack Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Jack Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248,251
Jacking Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Key, Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Key Release Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Key, Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Key, Sentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Key-In Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Keyless Entry System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,49
Knee BolsterLane Change and Turn Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Lap/Shoulder Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
LatchesHood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Lead Free Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Liftgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Light Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306,308
Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,94
Airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,52,62,142
Anti-Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Back-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Brake Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Center Mounted Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310INDEX 357
Courtesy/Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Daytime Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Dimmer Switch, Headlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Engine Temperature Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,143,309
Front Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Headlight Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
High Beam Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Liftgate Ajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Lights On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Low Fuel Malfunction Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Rear Servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Seat Belt Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Security Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2610
358 INDEX
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Theft Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Traction Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,142,215
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,98,138,309
Turn Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Voltage Warning (Instrument Cluster Description) . . . . . 137
Loading Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
