2015 Toyota RAV4 Owners Manual

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RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency 643 If the engine will not start If the engine will not start even though correct starting proce- dures are being followed (P. 197, 200), consider each of the fol- lowing points: The engine will not start even though the starter motor operates normally. One of the following may be the cause of the problem: ● There may not be sufficient fuel in the vehicle’s tank. Refuel the vehicle. ● The engine may be flooded. Try to restart the engine again following correct starting procedures. (P. 197, 200) ● There may be a malfunction in the engine immobilizer system. (P. 76) The starter motor turns over slowly, the interior lights and head- lights are dim, or the horn does not sound or sounds at a low volume. One of the following may be the cause of the problem: ● The battery may be discharged. (P. 649) ● The battery terminal connections may be loose or corroded. The starter motor does not turn over (vehicles with a smart key system). The engine starting system may be malfunctioning due to an electrical problem such as an open circuit or a blown fuse. However, an interim measure is available to start the engine. (P. 644) RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 644 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency The starter motor does not turn over, the interior lights and head- lights do not turn on, or the horn does not sound. One of the following may be the cause of the problem: ● One or both of the battery terminals may be disconnected. ● The battery may be discharged. (P. 649) ● There may be a malfunction in the steering lock system (vehicles with a smart key system). Contact your Toyota dealer if the problem cannot be repaired, or if repair procedures are unknown. Emergency start function (vehicles with a smart key system) When the engine does not start, the following steps can be used as an interim measure to start the engine if the engine switch is functioning normally: Set the parking brake. Shift the shift lever to P. Turn the engine switch to ACCESSORY mode. Press and hold the engine switch for about 15 seconds while depressing the brake pedal firmly. Even if the engine can be started using the above steps, the system may be malfunctioning. Have the vehicle inspected by your Toyota dealer. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency 645 If the shift lever cannot be shifted from P If the shift lever cannot be shifted with your foot on the brake pedal, there may be a problem with the shift lock system (a sys- tem to prevent accidental operation of the shift lever). Have the vehicle inspected by your Toyota dealer immediately. The following steps may be used as an emergency measure to ensure that the shift lever can be shifted: Set the parking brake. Vehicles without a smart key system: Turn the engine switch to the “ACC” position. Vehicles with a smart key system: Turn the engine switch to ACCESSORY mode. Depress the brake pedal. Pry the cover up with a flathead screwdriver or equivalent tool. To prevent damage to the cover, cover the tip of the screwdriver with a rag. Press the shift lock override button. The shift lever can be shifted while the button is pressed. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 646 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency If the electronic key does not operate properly (vehicles with a smart key system) If communication between the electronic key and vehicle is interrupted (P. 107) or the electronic key cannot be used because the battery is depleted, the smart key system and wire- less remote control cannot be used. In such cases, the doors can be opened and the engine can be started by following the procedure below. Locking and unlocking the doors Use the mechanical key (P. 97) in order to perform the following operations: Locks all the doors Unlocks the door Turning the key rearward unlocks the driver’s door. Turning the key once again within 3 seconds unlocks the other doors. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency 647 Starting the engine the electronic key Ensure that the shift lever is in P and depress the brake pedal. Touch the Toyota emblem side of the electronic key to the engine switch. When is detected, a buzzer sounds and the engine switch will turn to IGNITION ON mode. When the smart key system is deactivated in customization set- ting, the engine switch will turn to ACCESSORY mode. Firmly depress the brake pedal and check that the smart key sys- tem indicator light (green) turns on. Press the engine switch. In the event that the engine still cannot be started, contact your Toyota dealer. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 648 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency ■Stopping the engine Shift the shift lever to P and press the engine switch as you normally do when stopping the engine. ■Replacing the key battery As the above procedure is a temporary measure, it is recommended that the electronic key battery be replaced immediately when the battery is depleted. (P. 570) ■Changing engine switch modes Release the brake pedal and press the engine switch in step The engine does not start and modes will be changed each time the switch is pressed.(P. 201) above. ■When the electronic key does not work properly ●Make sure that the smart key system has not been deactivated in the cus- tomization setting. If it is off, turn the function on. (Customizable features: P. 687) ●Check if battery-saving mode is set. If it is set, cancel the function. (P. 106) RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency 649 If the vehicle battery is discharged The following procedures may be used to start the engine if the vehicle’s battery is discharged. You can also call your Toyota dealer or a qualified repair shop. If you have a set of jumper (or booster) cables and a second vehicle with a 12-volt battery, you can jump start your vehicle by following the steps below. Open the hood. (P. 533) Connect the jumper cables according to the following procedure: Connect a positive jumper cable clamp to the positive (+) battery terminal on your vehicle. Connect the clamp on the other end of the positive cable to the positive (+) battery terminal on the second vehicle. Connect a negative cable clamp to the negative (-) battery termi- nal on the second vehicle. Connect the clamp at the other end of the negative cable to a solid, stationary, unpainted metallic point away from the battery and any moving parts, as shown in the illustration. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 650 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency Start the engine of the second vehicle. Increase the engine speed slightly and maintain at that level for approximately 5 minutes to recharge the battery of your vehicle. Vehicles with a smart key system only: Open and close any of the doors of your vehicle with the engine switch off. Vehicles without a smart key system: Maintain the engine speed of the second vehicle and start the engine of your vehicle. Vehicles with a smart key system: Maintain the engine speed of the second vehicle and start the engine of your vehicle by turning the engine switch to IGNITION ON mode. Once the vehicle’s engine has started, remove the jumper cables in the exact reverse order from which they were connected. Once the engine starts, have the vehicle inspected at your Toyota dealer as soon as possible. ■Starting the engine when the battery is discharged The engine cannot be started by push-starting. ■To prevent battery discharge ●Turn off the headlights and the audio system while the engine is off. ●Turn off any unnecessary electrical components when the vehicle is running at a low speed for an extended period, such as in heavy traffic. ■Charging the battery The electricity stored in the battery will discharge gradually even when the vehicle is not in use, due to natural discharge and the draining effects of cer- tain electrical appliances. If the vehicle is left for a long time, the battery may discharge, and the engine may be unable to start. (The battery recharges automatically during driving.) RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency 651 ■When recharging or replacing the battery (vehicles with a smart key sys- tem) ●In some cases, it may not be possible to unlock the doors using the smart key system when the battery is discharged. Use the wireless remote control or the mechanical key to lock or unlock the doors. ●The engine may not start on the first attempt after the battery has recharged but will start normally after the second attempt. This is not a malfunction. ●The engine switch mode is memorized by the vehicle. When the battery is reconnected, the system will return to the mode it was in before the battery was discharged. Before disconnecting the battery, turn the engine switch off. If you are unsure what mode the engine switch was in before the battery dis- charged, be especially careful when reconnecting the battery. ■When the battery is removed or discharged ●The power back door (if equipped) must be initialized. (P. 128) ●The moon roof (if equipped) must be initialized. (P. 160) CAUTION ■Avoiding battery fires or explosions Observe the following precautions to prevent accidentally igniting the flam- mable gas that may be emitted from the battery: ●Make sure each jumper cable is connected to the correct terminal and that it is not unintentionally in contact with any other than the intended terminal. ●Do not allow the other end of the jumper cable connected to the “+” termi- nal to come into contact with any other parts or metal surfaces in the area, such as brackets or unpainted metal. ●Do not allow the + and - clamps of the jumper cables to come into contact with each other. ●Do not smoke, use matches, cigarette lighters or allow open flame near the battery. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 652 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency CAUTION ■Battery precautions The battery contains poisonous and corrosive acidic electrolyte, while related parts contain lead and lead compounds. Observe the following pre- cautions when handling the battery: ●When working with the battery, always wear safety glasses and take care not to allow any battery fluids (acid) to come into contact with skin, clothing or the vehicle body. ●Do not lean over the battery. ●In the event that battery fluid comes into contact with the skin or eyes, immediately wash the affected area with water and seek medical attention. Place a wet sponge or cloth over the affected area until medical attention can be received. ●Always wash your hands after handling the battery support, terminals, and other battery-related parts. ●Do not allow children near the battery. NOTICE ■When handling jumper cables When connecting the jumper cables, ensure that they do not become entan- gled in the cooling fans or engine drive belt. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency 653 If your vehicle overheats The following may indicate that your vehicle is overheating. ● The high engine coolant temperature warning light (P. 615) comes on or a loss of engine power is experienced. (For example, the vehicle speed does not increase.) ● Steam comes out from under the hood. Correction procedures Stop the vehicle in a safe place and turn off the air conditioning sys- tem, and then stop the engine. If you see steam: Carefully lift the hood after the steam subsides. If you do not see steam: Carefully lift the hood. After the engine has cooled down sufficiently, inspect the hoses and radiator core (radiator) for any leaks. Radiator Cooling fans If a large amount of coolant leaks, immediately contact your Toyota dealer. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 654 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency The coolant level is satisfactory if it is between the “FULL” and “LOW” lines on the reservoir. Reservoir “FULL” “LOW” Add coolant if necessary. Water can be used in an emer- gency if coolant is unavailable. Start the engine and turn the air conditioning system on to check that the radiator cooling fans operate and to check for coolant leaks from the radiator or hoses. The fans operate when the air conditioning system is turned on immedi- ately after a cold start. Confirm that the fans are operating by checking the fan sound and air flow. If it is difficult to check these, turn the air condition- ing system on and off repeatedly. (The fans may not operate in freezing temperatures.) If the fans are not operating: Stop the engine immediately and contact your Toyota dealer. If the fans are operating: Have the vehicle inspected at the nearest Toyota dealer. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency 655 CAUTION ■When inspecting under the hood of your vehicle Observe the following precautions. Failure to do so may result in serious injury such as burns. ●If steam is seen coming from under the hood, do not open the hood until the steam has subsided. The engine compartment may be very hot. ●Keep hands and clothing (especially a tie, a scarf or a muffler) away from the fans and belts. Failure to do so may cause the hands or clothing to be caught, resulting in serious injury. ●Do not loosen the coolant reservoir cap while the engine and radiator are hot. High temperature steam or coolant could spray out. NOTICE ■When adding engine coolant Add coolant slowly after the engine has cooled down sufficiently. Adding cool coolant to a hot engine too quickly can cause damage to the engine. ■To prevent damage to the cooling system Observe the following precautions: ●Avoid contaminating the coolant with foreign matter (such as sand or dust etc.). ●Do not use any coolant additive. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 656 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency If the vehicle becomes stuck Carry out the following procedures if the tires spin or the vehicle becomes stuck in mud, dirt or snow: Stop the engine. Set the parking brake and shift the shift lever to P. Remove the mud, snow or sand from around the stuck tire. Place wood, stones or some other material to help provide traction under the tires. Restart the engine. AWD models: Activate all-wheel drive lock mode. (P. 270) Shift the shift lever to D or R and release the parking brake. Then, while exercising caution, depress the accelerator pedal. ■When it is difficult to free the vehicle Turn off TRAC and/or VSC if these functions are hampering your attempts to free the vehicle. (P. 273)  2WD models Press to turn off TRAC.  AWD models RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency 657 CAUTION ■When attempting to free a stuck vehicle If you choose to push the vehicle back and forth to free it, make sure the surrounding area is clear to avoid striking other vehicles, objects or people. The vehicle may also lunge forward or lunge back suddenly as it becomes free. Use extreme caution. ■When shifting the shift lever Be careful not to shift the shift lever with the accelerator pedal depressed. This may lead to unexpected rapid acceleration of the vehicle that may cause an accident resulting in death or serious injury. NOTICE ■To avoid damaging the transmission and other components ●Avoid spinning the wheels and depressing the accelerator pedal more than necessary. ●If the vehicle remains stuck even after these procedures are performed, the vehicle may require towing to be freed. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 658 7-2. Steps to take in an emergency RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) Vehicle specifications 659 8-1. Specifications Maintenance data (fuel, oil level, etc.).......... 660 Fuel information ................ 671 Tire information ................. 674 8-2. Customization 8-3. Customizable features ...... 687 Items to initialize Items to initialize ............... 695 RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 660 8-1. Specifications Maintenance data (fuel, oil level, etc.) Dimensions and weights Overall length Overall width Overall height* Wheelbase Front and rear tread Without the roof luggage carrier With the roof lug- gage carrier 17-inch tires 18-inch tires Vehicle capacity weight (Occupants + luggage) Trailer Weight Rating (Trailer weight + cargo weight) *: Unladen vehicle 179.9 in. (4570 mm) 72.6 in. (1845 mm) 65.4 in. (1660 mm) 67.1 in. (1705 mm) 104.7 in. (2660 mm) 61.8 in. (1570 mm) 61.4 in. (1560 mm) 900 lb. (410 kg) 1500 lb. (680 kg) RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 661 Vehicle identification ■ Vehicle identification number The vehicle identification number (VIN) is the legal identifier for your vehicle. This is the primary identification number for your Toyota. It is used in registering the ownership of your vehicle. This number is stamped on the top left of the instrument panel. On some models, this number is stamped under the right-hand front seat. This number is also on the Cer- tification Label. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 662 8-1. Specifications ■ Engine number The engine number is stamped on the engine block as shown. Engine Model Type Bore and stroke Displacement Valve clearance Drive belt tension Fuel Fuel type Octane Rating Fuel tank capacity (Reference) 2.5 L 4-cylinder (2AR-FE) 4-cylinder in line, 4-cycle, gasoline 3.54  3.86 in. (90.0  98.0 mm) 152.2 cu.in. (2494 cm3) Automatic adjustment Unleaded gasoline only 87 (Research Octane Number 91) or higher 15.9 gal. (60 L, 13.2 Imp.gal.) RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 663 Lubrication system Oil capacity (Drain and refill  Reference*) With filter Without filter *: The engine oil capacity is a reference quantity to be used when changing the engine oil. Warm up and turn off the engine, wait more than 5 minutes, and check the oil level on the dipstick. 4.6 qt. (4.4 L, 3.9 Imp.qt.) 4.2 qt. (4.0 L, 3.5 Imp.qt.) ■ Engine oil selection “Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” is used in your Toyota vehicle. Use Toyota approved “Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” or equivalent to satisfy the following grade and viscosity. Oil grade: ILSAC GF-5 multigrade engine oil RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 664 8-1. Specifications Recommended viscosity: SAE 0W-20 SAE 0W-20 is the best choice for good fuel economy and good starting in cold weather. If SAE 0W-20 is not available, SAE 5W-20 oil may be used. However, it must be replaced with SAE 0W-20 at the next oil change. Oil viscosity (0W-20 is explained here as an example): • The 0W in 0W-20 indicates the characteristic of the oil which allows cold startability. Oils with a lower value before the W allow for easier starting of the engine in cold weather. Outside temperature • The 20 in 0W-20 indicates the viscosity characteristic of the oil when the oil is at high temperature. An oil with a higher viscosity (one with a higher value) may be better suited if the vehicle is operated at high speeds, or under extreme load conditions. How to read oil container label: The International Lubricant Specification Advisory Commit- tee (ILSAC) Certification Mark is added to some oil containers to help you select the oil you should use. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 665 7.2 qt. (6.8 L, 6.0 Imp. qt.) Use either of the following: • “Toyota Super Long Life Coolant” • Similar high-quality ethylene glycol-based non-silicate, non-amine, non-nitrite, and non-borate coolant with long-life hybrid organic acid technology Do not use plain water alone. DENSO SK16HR11 0.043 in. (1.1 mm) Cooling system Capacity Coolant type Ignition system Spark plug Make Gap NOTICE ■Iridium-tipped spark plugs Use only iridium-tipped spark plugs. Do not adjust the spark plug gap. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 666 8-1. Specifications Electrical system Battery Open voltage at 68F (20C): Charging rates 12.6  12.8 V Fully charged 12.2  12.4 V Half charged 11.8  12.0 V Discharged (Voltage is checked 20 minutes after the engine and all lights are turned off.) 5 A max. Rear differential (AWD models) Oil capacity Oil type and viscosity 0.5 qt. (0.5 L, 0.4 Imp.qt.) Toyota Genuine Differential gear oil LT 75W-85 GL-5 or equivalent Your Toyota vehicle is filled with “Toyota Genuine Differential Gear Oil” at the factory. Use Toyota approved “Toyota Genuine Differential Gear Oil” or an equivalent of matching quality to satisfy the above specification. Please contact your Toyota dealer for further details. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 667 Automatic transaxle Fluid capacity* Fluid type *: The fluid capacity is the quantity of reference. 6.9 qt. (6.5 L, 5.7 Imp.qt.) Toyota Genuine ATF WS If replacement is necessary, contact your Toyota dealer. NOTICE ■Automatic transmission fluid type Using transmission fluid other than “Toyota Genuine ATF WS” may cause deterioration in shift quality, locking up of your transmission accompanied by vibration, and ultimately damage the transmission of your vehicle. Transfer (AWD models) Oil capacity Oil type and viscosity 0.48 qt. (0.45 L, 0.40 Imp.qt.) Toyota Genuine Differential gear oil LT 75W-85 GL-5 or equivalent Your Toyota vehicle is filled with “Toyota Genuine Differential Gear Oil” at the factory. Use Toyota approved “Toyota Genuine Differential Gear Oil” or an equivalent of matching quality to satisfy the above specification. Please contact your Toyota dealer for further details. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 668 8-1. Specifications Brakes Pedal clearance*1  15-inch front brake models 3.74 in. (95 mm) Min.  16-inch front brake models 4.02 in. (102 mm) Min. 0.04  0.24 in. (1  6 mm) 0.04 in. (1.0 mm) 6  8 clicks 0.04 in. (1.0 mm) SAE J1703 or FMVSS No. 116 DOT 3 *1: Minimum pedal clearance when depressed with a force of 110 lbf (490 N, Pedal free play Brake pad wear limit Parking brake lever travel*2 Parking brake lining wear limit Fluid type 50 kgf) while the engine is operating. *2: Parking brake lever travel when pulled up with a force of 45 lbf (200 N, 20 kgf) Steering Free play Less than 1.2 in. (30 mm) RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 669 Tires and wheels  17-inch tires Tire size Tire inflation pressure (Recommended cold tire inflation pressure) Wheel size Wheel nut torque  18-inch tires Tire size Tire inflation pressure (Recommended cold tire inflation pressure) Wheel size Wheel nut torque 225/65R17 102H Front: 33 psi (230 kPa, 2.3 kgf/cm2 or bar) Rear: 33 psi (230 kPa, 2.3 kgf/cm2 or bar) 17  6 1/2J (steel wheel), 17  7 J (aluminum wheel) 76 ft•lbf (103 N•m, 10.5 kgf•m) 235/55R18 100H Front: 32 psi (220 kPa, 2.2 kgf/cm2 or bar) Rear: 32 psi (220 kPa, 2.2 kgf/cm2 or bar) 18  7 1/2J 76 ft•lbf (103 N•m, 10.5 kgf•m)  Compact spare tire (if equipped) Tire size Tire inflation pressure (Recommended cold tire inflation pressure) Wheel size Wheel nut torque T165/80R17 104M 60 psi (420 kPa, 4.2 kgf/cm2 or bar) 17  4T 76 ft•lbf (103 N•m, 10.5 kgf•m) RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 670 8-1. Specifications Light bulbs Light bulbs Bulb No. Headlights High beam Low beam Fog lights* Front turn signal lights/ parking lights Front side marker lights Stop/tail lights and rear side marker lights Tail lights Rear turn signal lights Back-up lights License plate lights Vanity lights Interior light (front)/ personal lights Interior light (rear) Luggage compartment light 9005 9005  7444  7443 194 7440 921 168     60 60 19 28/8 21/5 21 16 Type Exterior Interior A: HB3 halogen bulbs B: H16 halogen bulbs C: Wedge base bulbs (amber) D: Wedge base bulbs (clear) E: Double end bulbs *: If equipped RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 671 Fuel information You must only use unleaded gasoline in your vehicle. Select octane rating 87 (Research Octane Number 91) or higher. Use of unleaded gasoline with an octane rating lower than 87 may result in engine knocking. Persistent knocking can lead to engine damage. At minimum, the gasoline you use should meet the specifications of ASTM D4814 in the U.S.A.. ■Fuel tank opening for unleaded gasoline To help prevent incorrect fueling, your vehicle has a fuel tank opening that only accommodates the special nozzle on unleaded fuel pumps. ■Gasoline quality In very few cases, driveability problems may be caused by the brand of gaso- line you are using. If driveability problems persist, try changing the brand of gasoline. If this does not correct the problem, consult your Toyota dealer. ■Gasoline quality standards ●Automotive manufacturers in the U.S.A., Europe and Japan have developed a specification for fuel quality called the World-Wide Fuel Charter (WWFC), which is expected to be applied worldwide. ●The WWFC consists of four categories that are based on required emission levels. In the U.S., category 4 has been adopted. ●The WWFC improves air quality by lowering emissions in vehicle fleets, and improves customer satisfaction through better performance. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 672 8-1. Specifications ■Recommendation of the use of gasoline containing detergent additives ●Toyota recommends the use of gasoline that contains detergent additives to avoid the build-up of engine deposits. ●All gasoline sold in the U.S.A. contains minimum detergent additives to clean and/or keep clean intake systems, per EPA’s lowest additives concen- tration program. ●Toyota strongly recommends the use of Top Tier Detergent Gasoline. For more information on Top Tier Detergent Gasoline and a list of marketers, please go to the official website www.toptiergas.com. ■Recommendation of the use of cleaner burning gasoline Cleaner burning gasoline, including reformulated gasoline that contains oxy- genates such as ethanol or MTBE (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether) is available in many areas. Toyota recommends the use of cleaner burning gasoline and appropriately blended reformulated gasoline. These types of gasoline provide excellent vehicle performance, reduce vehicle emissions and improve air quality. ■Non-recommendation of the use of blended gasoline ●Use only gasoline containing up to 15% ethanol. DO NOT use any flex-fuel or gasoline that could contain more than 15% etha- nol, including from any pump labeled E30, E50, E85 (which are only some examples of fuel containing more than 15% ethanol). DO NOT use gasoline containing more than 15% ethanol. (30% ethanol) (50% ethanol) (85% ethanol) ●If you use gasohol in your vehicle, be sure that it has an octane rating no lower than 87. ●Toyota does not recommend the use of gasoline containing methanol. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 673 ■Non-recommendation of the use of gasoline containing MMT Some gasoline contains an octane enhancing additive called MMT (Methylcy- clopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl). Toyota does not recommend the use of gasoline that contains MMT. If fuel containing MMT is used, your emission control system may be adversely affected. The malfunction indicator lamp on the instrument cluster may come on. If this happens, contact your Toyota dealer for service. ■If your engine knocks ●Consult your Toyota dealer. ●You may occasionally notice light knocking for a short time while accelerat- ing or driving uphill. This is normal and there is no need for concern. NOTICE ■Notice on fuel quality ●Do not use improper fuels. If improper fuels are used, the engine will be damaged. ●Do not use leaded gasoline. Leaded gasoline can cause damage to your vehicle’s three-way catalytic converters causing the emission control system to malfunction. ●Do not use gasohol other than the type previously stated. Other gasohol may cause fuel system damage or vehicle performance problems. ●Using unleaded gasoline with an octane number or rating lower than the level previously stated will cause persistent heavy knocking. At worst, this will lead to engine damage. ■Fuel-related poor driveability If poor driveability is encountered after using a different type of fuel (poor hot starting, vaporization, engine knocking, etc.), discontinue the use of that type of fuel. ■When refueling with gasohol Take care not to spill gasohol. It can damage your vehicle’s paint. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 674 8-1. Specifications Tire information Typical tire symbols  Full-size tire  Compact spare tire RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 675 10 11 (P. 677) (P. 676) (P. 551) Tire size DOT and Tire Identification Number (TIN) Location of treadwear indicators Tire ply composition and materials Plies are layers of rubber-coated parallel cords. Cords are the strands which form the plies in a tire. Radial tires or bias-ply tires A radial tire has “RADIAL” on the sidewall. A tire not marked “RADIAL” is a bias-ply tire. TUBELESS or TUBE TYPE A tubeless tire does not have a tube and air is directly put into the tire. A tube type tire has a tube inside the tire and the tube maintains the air pressure. Load limit at maximum cold tire inflation pressure Maximum cold tire inflation pressure This means the pressure to which a tire may be inflated. Uniform tire quality grading For details, see “Uniform Tire Quality Grading” that follows. Summer tires or all season tires (P. 556) An all season tire has “M+S” on the sidewall. A tire not marked “M+S” is a summer tire. “TEMPORARY USE ONLY” A compact spare tire is identified by the phrase “TEMPORARY USE ONLY” molded on its sidewall. This tire is designed for temporary emergency use only. (P. 681) (P. 681) RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 676 8-1. Specifications Typical DOT and Tire Identification Number (TIN) DOT symbol* Tire Identification Number (TIN) Tire manufacturer’s identifica- tion mark Tire size code Manufacturer’s optional type code (3 or 4 letters) Manufacturing week Manufacturing year tire *: The DOT symbol certifies that the tire conforms to applicable Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 677 Tire size ■ Typical tire size information The illustration indicates typical tire size. Tire use (P = Passenger car, T = Temporary use) Section width (millimeters) Aspect ratio (tire height to section width) Tire construction code (R = Radial, D = Diagonal) Wheel diameter (inches) Load index (2 digits or 3 digits) Speed symbol (alphabet with one letter) ■ Tire dimensions Section width Tire height Wheel diameter RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 678 8-1. Specifications Tire section names 10 11 Bead Sidewall Shoulder Tread Belt Inner liner Reinforcing rubber Carcass Rim lines Bead wires Chafer RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 679 Uniform Tire Quality Grading This information has been prepared in accordance with regulations issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. It provides the purchasers and/or prospective purchasers of Toyota vehicles with information on uniform tire quality grading. Your Toyota dealer will help answer any questions you may have as you read this information. ■ DOT quality grades All passenger vehicle tires must conform to Federal Safety Require- ments in addition to these grades. Quality grades can be found where applicable on the tire sidewall between tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A ■ Treadwear The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a speci- fied government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and a half (1 - 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual condi- tions of their use. Performance may differ significantly from the norm due to variations in driving habits, service practices and differences in road characteristics and climate. ■ Traction AA, A, B, C The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B and C, and they represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance. Warning: The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight ahead) traction tests and does not include cornering (turn- ing) traction. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 680 8-1. Specifications ■ Temperature A, B, C The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissi- pate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. Grade C corresponds to a level of performance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Stan- dard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the labo- ratory test wheel than the minimum required by law. Warning: The temperature grades of a tire assume that it is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either sepa- rately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire failure. RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 8-1. Specifications 681 Glossary of tire terminology Tire related term Meaning Cold tire inflation pres- sure Maximum pressure inflation Recommended tion pressure infla- Accessory weight Curb weight Maximum loaded vehi- cle weight Normal weight occupant Occupant distribution Tire pressure when the vehicle has been parked for three hours or more, or has not been driven more than 1 mile or 1.5 km under that condition The maximum cold inflated pressure to which a tire may be inflated, shown on the sidewall of the tire Cold tire inflation pressure recommended by a manufacturer The combined weight (in excess of those stan- dard items which may be replaced) of auto- matic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, radio and heater, to the extent that these items are available as factory-installed equipment (whether installed or not) The weight of a motor vehicle with standard equipment, including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil and coolant, and if so equipped, air conditioning and additional weight optional engine The sum of: (a) Curb weight (b) Accessory weight (c) Vehicle capacity weight (d) Production options weight 150 lb. (68 kg) times the number of occupants specified in the second column of Table 1* that follows Distribution of occupants in a vehicle as speci- fied in the third column of Table 1* below RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 682 8-1. Specifications Tire related term Meaning Production weight options Rim Rim diameter (Wheel diameter) Rim size designation Rim type designation Rim width Vehicle weight capacity) capacity load (Total Vehicle maximum load on the tire Vehicle normal load on the tire Weather side Bead Bead separation The combined weight of installed regular pro- duction options weighing over 5 lb. (2.3 kg) in excess of the standard items which they replace, not previously considered in curb weight or accessory weight, including heavy duty brakes, ride levelers, roof rack, heavy duty battery, and special trim A metal support for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upon which the tire beads are seated Nominal diameter of the bead seat Rim diameter and width The industry manufacturer’s designation for a rim by style or code Nominal distance between rim flanges The rated cargo and luggage load plus 150 lb. (68 kg) times the vehicle’s designated seating capacity The load on an individual tire that is deter- mined by distributing to each axle its share of the maximum loaded vehicle weight, and dividing by two The load on an individual tire that is deter- mined by distributing to each axle its share of curb weight, accessory weight, and normal occupant weight (distributed in accordance with Table 1* below), and dividing by two The surface area of the rim not covered by the inflated tire The part of the tire that is made of steel wires, wrapped or reinforced by ply cords and that is shaped to fit the rim A breakdown of the bond between compo- nents in the bead RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) Tire related term Meaning 8-1. Specifications 683 Bias ply tire Carcass Chunking Cord Cord separation Cracking CT Extra load tire Groove Innerliner Innerliner separation Intended sidewall outboard A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at alternate angles substantially less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread The tire structure, except tread and sidewall rubber which, when inflated, bears the load The breaking away of pieces of the tread or sidewall The strands forming the plies in the tire The parting of cords from adjacent rubber compounds Any parting within the tread, sidewall, or inner- liner of the tire extending to cord material A pneumatic tire with an inverted flange tire and rim system in which the rim is designed with rim flanges pointed radially inward and the tire is designed to fit on the underside of the rim in a manner that encloses the rim flanges inside the air cavity of the tire A tire designed to operate at higher loads and at higher inflation pressures than the corre- sponding standard tire The space between two adjacent tread ribs The layer(s) forming the inside surface of a tubeless tire that contains the inflating medium within the tire The parting of the innerliner from cord material in the carcass (a) The sidewall that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufac- turer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same molding on the other sidewall of the tire, or (b) The outward facing sidewall of an asym- metrical tire that has a particular side that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) 684 8-1. Specifications Tire related term Meaning Light truck (LT) tire Load rating Maximum load rating Maximum permissible inflation pressure Measuring rim Open splice Outer diameter Overall width Passenger car tire Ply Ply separation Pneumatic tire Radial ply tire Reinforced tire A tire designated by its manufacturer as pri- marily intended for use on lightweight trucks or multipurpose passenger vehicles The maximum load that a tire is rated to carry for a given inflation pressure The load rating for a tire at the maximum per- missible inflation pressure for that tire The maximum cold inflation pressure to which a tire may be inflated The rim on which a tire is fitted for physical dimension requirements Any parting at any junction of tread, sidewall, or innerliner that extends to cord material The overall diameter of an inflated new tire The linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire, including ele- vations due to labeling, decorations, or protec- tive bands or ribs A tire intended for use on passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks, that have a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,000 lb. or less. A layer of rubber-coated parallel cords A parting of rubber compound between adja- cent plies A mechanical device made of rubber, chemi- cals, fabric and steel or other materials, that, when mounted on an automotive wheel, pro- vides the traction and contains the gas or fluid that sustains the load A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at substantially 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread A tire designed to operate at higher loads and at higher inflation pressures than the corre- sponding standard tire RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U) Tire related term Meaning 8-1. Specifications 685 Section width Sidewall Sidewall separation Snow tire Test rim Tread Tread rib Tread separation Treadwear indicators (TWI) Wheel-holding fixture The linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire, excluding ele- vations due to labeling, decoration, or protec- tive bands That portion of a tire between the tread and bead The parting of the rubber compound from the cord material in the sidewall A tire that attains a traction index equal to or greater than 110, compared to the ASTM E- 1136 Standard Reference Test Tire, when using the snow traction test as described in ASTM F-1805-00, Standard Test Method for Single Wheel Driving Traction in a Straight Line on Snow-and Ice-Covered Surfaces, and which is marked with an Alpine Symbol ( on at least one sidewall The rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and may be any rim listed as appropriate for use with that tire That portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road around a tire Pulling away of the tread from the tire carcass The projections within the principal grooves designed to give a visual indication of the degrees of wear of the tread The fixture used to hold the wheel and tire assembly securely during testing tread section running circumferentially *: Table 1  Occupant loading and distribution for vehicle normal load for various designated seating capacities RAV4_OM_OM42A17U_(U)

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2015 Toyota RAV4 Owners Manual