Login- Download PDF Manual
-
25 (40)
40 (65)
45 (73)
(cid:0) Maximum allowable speeds The following table shows the maximum speeds that are possible with each different gear.
Never exceed the speed limit below for each gear po- sition except for brief acceleration in an emergency. The tachometer’s needle will enter the red area if these speeds are exceeded. Failure to observe this precaution can lead to excessive engine wear and poor fuel economy.
mph (km/h)
X and XS
XT
30 (49)
51 (82)
28 (46)
52 (83)
73 (117)
73 (118)
1st
2nd
3rd
When shifting down a gear, ensure that the ve- hicle is not traveling at a speed exceeding the Maximum Allowable Speed for the gear which is about to be selected. Failure to observe this precaution can lead to engine over-revving and this in turn can result in engine damage. In addition, sudden application of engine brakes when the vehicle is travelling on a slip- pery surface can lead to wheel locking; as a consequence, control of the vehicle may be lost and the risk of an accident increased.
Driving tips Do not drive with your foot resting on the clutch pedal and do not use the clutch to hold your vehicle at a standstill on an upgrade. Either of those actions may cause clutch damage. Do not drive with your hand resting on the shift lever. This may cause wear on the transmission compo- nents.
When it is necessary to reduce vehicle speed due to slow traffic, turning corners, or driving up steep hills, downshift to a lower gear before the engine starts to
Starting and operating
labor.
On steep downgrades, downshift the transmission to 4th, 3rd or 2nd gear as necessary; this helps to main- tain a safe speed and to extend brake pad life. In this way, the engine provides a braking effect. Re- member, if you “ride” (over use) the brakes while de- scending a hill, they may overheat and not work prop- erly.
– CONTINUED –
7-13
the vehicle is completely stopped. Shifting while the vehicle is moving may cause damage to the transmission. Do not race the engine for more than five sec- onds in any position except the “N” or “P” po- sition when the brake is set or the tires are on blocks. This may cause the automatic transmis- sion fluid to overheat. Avoid shifting from one of the forward driving positions into the “R” position or vice versa un- til the vehicle has completely stopped. Such shifting may cause damage to the transmis- sion.
Starting and operating
Automatic transmission
The automatic transmission is electronically controlled with 4-forward speeds and 1-reverse speed. NOTE Immediately after a disconnected battery is recon- nected or ATF (automatic transmission fluid) is re- placed, you may feel that the automatic transmis- sion operation is somewhat unusual. This results from erasure or invalidation of data the on-board computer has collected and stored in memory to allow the transmission to shift at the most appropriate times for the current condition of your vehicle. Optimized shifting will be restored as the vehicle continues to be driven for a while.
Do not shift from the “P” or “N” position into the “D”, “3”, “2”, “1” or “R” position while de- pressing the accelerator pedal. This may cause the vehicle to jump forward or backward.
Shift into the “P” or “R” position only after
7-14
Selector lever for automatic transmis-
sion
HS7009AA
Starting and operating
HS7010BA
: With the brake pedal depressed, move the lever
along the gate.
: Move the lever along the gate.
The selector lever has seven positions. (cid:0) P (Park) This position is for parking the vehicle and starting the engine.
In this position, the transmission is mechanically locked to prevent the vehicle from rolling freely.
When you park the vehicle, first set the parking brake fully, then shift into the “P” position. Do not hold the ve- hicle with only the transmission.
– CONTINUED –
7-15
Starting and operating
A shift interlock function is employed in the automatic transmission system to ensure safe starting of the ve- hicle. To shift the selector lever from the “P” to the any other position, you have to depress the brake pedal fully when the ignition switch is in the “ON” position. This prevents the vehicle from lurching when it is started.
If the shift lever does not move from the “P” position with the brake pedal depressed, refer to the “Shift lock release” section in this chapter. (cid:0) R (Reverse) This position is for backing the vehicle.
To shift from the “N” to “R” position, first stop the vehi- cle completely then move the lever to the “R” position. (cid:0) N (Neutral) This position is for restarting a stalled engine. In this position the wheels and transmission are not locked. In this position, the transmission is neutral; the vehicle will roll freely, even on the slightest incline un- less the parking brake or foot brake is on. NOTE (Turbo model) If the selector lever is in the “N” position when you stop the engine for parking, you may not subse- quently be able to move it to the “R” and “P” posi-
7-16
tions. If this happens, turn the ignition switch to the “ON” position. You will then be able to move the selector lever to the “P” position.
Do not drive the vehicle with the selector lever in the “N” (neutral) position. Engine braking has no effect in this condition and the risk of an accident is consequently increased.
(cid:0) D (Drive) This position is for normal driving. The transmission automatically shifts into a suitable gear from 1st to 4th according to the vehicle speed and the acceleration you require.
When more acceleration is required in this position, press the accelerator pedal fully to the floor and hold that position. The transmission will automatically downshift to 3rd, 2nd or 1st gear. When you release the pedal, the transmission will return to the original gear position. (cid:1) While climbing a grade When driving up hill, undesired upshift to 4th gear is prevented from taking place when the accelerator
pedal is released. This minimizes the chances of sub- sequent downshifting to a lower gear when accelerat- ing again. This prevents repeated upshifting and downshifting resulting in a smoother operation of the vehicle. NOTE The transmission may downshift to 2nd or 1st gear, depending on the way the accelerator pedal is pressed to accelerate the vehicle again. (cid:1) While going down a hill When descending a steep hill, depressing the brake pedal will cause the transmission to downshift to 3rd gear, thus applying engine braking. Reacceleration for a short time will cause the transmission to upshift nor- mally. NOTE In some cases, depressing the brake pedal on a downhill grade does not result in an automatic downshift to 3rd gear. This can happen when the automatic transmission fluid temperature is very low, for example, during driving shortly after the vehicle has been parked for an extended period of time. When the ATF temperature has risen to a cer- tain level, automatic downshift normally takes place. In the meantime, downshift manually for en-
Starting and operating
gine braking as required. Also, downshifting when braking downhill will not occur at speeds above approximately 48 mph (78
km/h). (cid:0) 3 (Third) This position is for using engine braking when going down a hill or for climbing a grade. The transmission automatically shifts into a suitable gear from 1st to 3rd according to the vehicle speed and the acceleration you require.When more acceleration is required in this position, press the accelerator pedal fully to the floor and hold that position. The transmission will automatically downshift to 2nd or 1st gear. When you release the pedal, the transmission will return to the original gear position. (cid:0) 2 (Second) This position is for using engine braking when going down a hill or for climbing a steep grade. In this position, the transmission holds in the 2nd gear.
Use this position when starting off from a standstill on slippery road surfaces such as mud or snow. It will en- sure greater traction.
– CONTINUED –
7-17
Starting and operating
(cid:0) 1 (First) This position is for driving up or down very steep grades, or driving through mud or sand, or on slippery surfaces. In this position, the transmission holds in the 1st gear. (cid:0) Maximum speeds The following tables show the maximum speeds that are possible with each different gear. The tachome- ter’s needle will enter the red area if these speeds are exceeded.
When shifting down a gear, it is important to confirm that the current vehicle speed is not in excess of the Maximum Allowable Speed of the gear which is about to be selected. Exceeding the Maximum Allowable Speeds will result in over-revving of the engine. In addition a powerful engine brake will engage and control of the vehicle may be lost.
mph (km/h)
X and XS
XT
34 (54)
39 (63)
62 (100)
73 (117)
101 (162)
118 (189)
1st
2nd
3rd
7-18
NOTE In order to prevent over-revving during decelera- tion of the vehicle, the transmission will remain in the current gear if the speed of the vehicle is in ex- cess of the Maximum Allowable Speed for the gear to which the selector lever has been moved.
When shifting down a gear, ensure that the ve- hicle is not travelling at a speed exceeding the Maximum Allowable Speed for the gear which is about to be selected. Failure to observe this precaution can lead to engine over-revving and this in turn can result in engine damage. In addition, sudden application of engine brakes when the vehicle is travelling on a slip- pery surface can lead to wheel locking; as a consequence, control of the vehicle may be lost and the risk of an accident increased.
(cid:0) Driving tips Always apply the foot or parking brake when the ve- hicle is stopped in the “D”, “3”, “2”, “1” or “R” position. Always set the parking brake when parking your ve- hicle. Do not hold the vehicle with only the transmis-
sion. Do not keep the vehicle in a stationary position on an uphill grade by using the “D”, “3”, “2”, or “1” position. Use the brake instead.
Shift lock release If the selector lever does not move from the “P” posi- tion with the brake pedal depressed and the ignition switch in the “ON” position, perform the following steps:
To override the shift lock: 1. Set the parking brake and stop the engine. 2. Take out the screwdriver from the tool bag. 3. Remove the cover by prying on the edge with the regular screwdriver.
Starting and operating
HS7009BA
4. Insert the screwdriver into the hole.
HS7011BA
– CONTINUED –
7-19
Starting and operating
5. Push down on the screwdriver and move the selec- tor lever from the “P” to the “N” position. 6. Remove the screwdriver from the hole. Depress the brake pedal and start the engine.
Take your vehicle to the nearest SUBARU dealer im- mediately to have the system repaired.
Rear viscous limited slip differential (LSD) (if equipped)
The LSD provides optimum distribution of power ac- cording to the difference in revolutions between the right and left rear wheels that may be caused by cer- tain driving conditions, thereby improving driving sta- bility on snow-covered, muddy or other slippery roads.
Never start the engine while a tire on one side is jacked up, as the vehicle may move. If one rear tire is spinning in mud, avoid con- tinued spinning at high speed as this could ad- versely affect the LSD. If a different size rear tire is temporarily used (as in an emergency), it will adversely affect the LSD. Always replace it with a regular size tire as soon as possible.
7-20
Power steering
The power steering system operates only when the engine is running. If you lose power steering assist because the engine stops or the system fails to function, you can steer but it will take much more effort. NOTE Right after the engine has been started and before it has warmed up, you may hear a noise coming from areas adjacent to the power steering pump which is located at the right-front area of the en- gine compartment. This noise is normal. It does not indicate power steering system trouble.
Do not hold the steering wheel at the fully locked position left or right for more than five seconds. This may damage the power steering pump.
Starting and operating
Braking
Braking tips
Never rest your foot on the brake pedal while driving. This can cause dangerous overheating of the brakes and needless wear on the brake pads and linings.
(cid:0) When the brakes get wet When driving in rain or after washing the vehicle, the brakes may get wet. As a result, brake stopping dis- tance will be longer. To dry the brakes, drive the vehi- cle at a safe speed while lightly depressing the brake pedal to heat up the brakes. (cid:0) Use of engine braking Remember to make use of engine braking in addition to foot braking. When descending a grade, if only the foot brake is used, the brakes may start working im- properly because of brake fluid overheating, caused by overheated brake pads. To help prevent this, shift into a lower gear to get stronger engine braking.
– CONTINUED –
7-21
Starting and operating
(cid:0) Braking when a tire is punctured Do not depress the brake pedal suddenly when a tire is punctured. This could cause a loss of control of the vehicle. Keep driving straight ahead while gradually reducing speed. Then slowly pull off the road to a safe place.
Brake system (cid:0) Two separate circuits Your vehicle has two separate circuit brake systems. Each circuit works diagonally across the vehicle. If one circuit of the brake system should fail, the other half of the system still works. If one circuit fails, the brake pedal will go down much closer to the floor than usual and you will need to press it down much harder. And a much longer distance will be needed to stop the vehi- cle. (cid:0) Brake booster The brake booster uses engine manifold vacuum to assist braking force. Do not turn off the engine while driving because that will turn off the brake booster, re- sulting in poor braking power. The brakes will continue to work even when the brake booster completely stops functioning. If this happens, however, you will have to push the pedal much harder
7-22
than normal and the braking distance will increase.
Disc brake pad wear warning indica-
tors
HS7012BA
The disc brake pad wear warning indicators on the disc brakes give a warning noise when the brake pads are worn. If a squeaking or scraping noise is heard from the disc brakes while braking, immediately have your vehicle checked by your SUBARU dealer.
ABS (Anti-lock Brake System)
The ABS system prevents the lock-up of wheels which may occur during sudden braking or braking on slip- pery road surfaces. This helps prevent the loss of steering control and directional stability caused by wheel lock-up.
When the ABS system is operating, you may hear a chattering noise or feel a slight vibration in the brake pedal. This is normal when the ABS operates.
The ABS system will not operate when the vehicle speed is below approximately 6 mph (10 km/h).
Always use the utmost care in driving – over- confidence because you are driving with an ABS equipped vehicle could easily lead to a se- rious accident.
The ABS system does not always decrease stopping distance. You should always main- tain a safe following distance from other vehi-
Starting and operating
cles. When driving on badly surfaced roads, gravel roads, icy roads, or over deep newly fallen snow, stopping distances may be longer for a vehicle with the ABS system than one without. When driving under these conditions, there- fore, reduce your speed and leave ample dis- tance from other vehicles. When you feel the ABS system operating, you should maintain constant brake pedal pres- sure. Do not pump the brake pedal since doing so may defeat the operation of the ABS system.
ABS system self-check You may feel a slight shock in the brake pedal and hear the operating sound of ABS from the engine com- partment just after the vehicle is started. This is caused by an automatic functional test of the ABS sys- tem being carried out and does not indicate any abnor- mal condition.
– CONTINUED –
7-23
Starting and operating
ABS warning light
HS1103CA
The ABS warning light comes on when the ignition switch is turned to the “ON” position and goes out after about two seconds. This is an indication that the ABS system is working properly. When driving with an insufficient battery voltage such as when the engine is jump started, the ABS warning light may come on. This is due to the low battery volt- age and does not indicate a malfunction. When the battery becomes fully charged, the light will go out.
7-24
If the warning light behaves as follows, the ABS system may not be working properly. When the warning light is on, the ABS function shuts down; however, the conventional brake system continues to operate normally. The warning light does not come on when the ignition switch is turned to the “ON” position. The warning light comes on when the ignition switch is turned to the “ON” position, but it does not go out even when the vehicle speed exceeds approximately 8 mph (12 km/h). The warning light comes on during driving. If these occur, have the ABS system repaired at the first available opportunity by your SUBARU dealer.
NOTE If the warning light behavior is as described be- low, the ABS system may be considered normal. The warning light comes on right after the en- gine is started but goes out immediately, remain- ing off. The warning light remains on after the engine has been started, but it goes out when the vehicle
speed reaches about 8 mph (12 km/h). The warning light comes on during driving, but it goes out immediately and remains off.
Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBD) system (if equipped)
Starting and operating
The EBD system maximizes the effectiveness of the brakes by allowing the rear brakes to supply a greater proportion of the braking force. It functions by adjust- ing the distribution of braking force to the rear wheels in accordance with the vehicle’s loading condition and speed. The EBD system is an integral part of the ABS system and uses some of the ABS system’s components to perform its function of optimizing the distribution of braking force. If any of the ABS components used by the EBD function fails, the EBD system also stops working.
When the EBD system is operating, you may hear a chattering noise or feel a slight vibration in the brake pedal. This is normal and does not indicate a malfunc- tion.
– CONTINUED –
7-25
Starting and operating
Steps to take if EBD system fails
HS1103DA
If a malfunction occurs in the EBD system, the system stops working and the brake system warning light and ABS warning light come on simultaneously.
The EBD system may be faulty if the brake system warning light and ABS warning light illuminate simulta- neously during driving. Even if the EBD system fails, the conventional braking system will still function. However, the rear wheels will be more prone to locking when the brakes are applied harder than usual and the vehicle’s motion may there- fore become somewhat harder to control. If the brake system warning light and ABS warning
7-26
light illuminate simultaneously, take the following steps: 1. Stop the vehicle in the nearest safe, flat place. 2. Shut down the engine, then restart it. 3. Release the parking brake. If both warning lights go out, the EBD system may be faulty. Drive carefully to the nearest SUBARU dealer and have the system inspected. 4. If both warning lights come on again and stay illu- minated after the engine has been restarted, shut down the engine again, apply the parking brake, and check the brake fluid level. 5. If the brake fluid level is not below the “MIN” mark, the EBD system may be faulty. Drive carefully to the nearest SUBARU dealer and have the system inspect- ed. 6. If the brake fluid level is below the “MIN” mark, DO NOT drive the vehicle. Instead, have the vehicle towed to the nearest SUBARU dealer for repair.
Driving with the brake system warning light on is dangerous. This indicates your brake sys- tem may not be working properly. If the light re- mains on, have the brakes inspected by a SUBARU dealer immediately. If at all in doubt about whether the brakes are
operating properly, do not drive the vehicle. Have your vehicle towed to the nearest SUBARU dealer for repair.
Starting and operating
Parking your vehicle
Parking brake To set the parking brake, press the brake pedal firmly and hold it down while fully pulling up the parking brake lever.
HS7014BA
To release the parking brake, pull the lever up slightly, press the release button, then lower the lever while keeping the button pressed. When the parking brake is set while the engine is run- ning, the parking brake warning light comes on. After starting the vehicle, be sure that the warning light has gone out before the vehicle is driven. Refer to the
– CONTINUED –
7-27
Starting and operating
“Warning and indicator lights” section (chapter 3).
Never drive while the parking brake is set be- cause this will cause unnecessary wear on the brake linings. Before starting to drive, always make sure that the parking brake has been fully released.
Parking tips When parking your vehicle, always set the parking brake firmly and put the shift lever in the “1” (1st) for an upgrade or “R” (Reverse) for a downgrade for manual transmission vehicles, or in the “P” (Park) position for automatic transmission vehicles. Always set the park- ing brake firmly when parking your vehicle. Never rely on the transmission alone to hold the vehicle.
7-28
When parking on a hill, always turn the steering wheel. When the vehicle is headed up the hill, the front wheels should be turned away from the curb.
US7510AA
Starting and operating
they may burn easily if they come near hot en- gine or exhaust system parts. Be sure to stop the engine if you take a nap in the vehicle. If engine exhaust gas enters the passenger compartment, occupants in the ve- hicle could die from carbon monoxide (CO) contained in the exhaust gas.
– CONTINUED –
7-29
When facing downhill, the front wheels should be turned into the curb.
US7511AA
Never leave unattended children or pets in the vehicle. They could accidentally injure themselves or others through inadvertent oper- ation of the vehicle. Also, on hot or sunny days, the temperature in a closed vehicle could quickly become high enough to cause severe or possibly fatal injuries to people. Do not park the vehicle over flammable mate- rials such as dry grass, waste paper or rags, as
Starting and operating
Hill holder (for manual transmission — if equipped)
The Hill holder is a device to make starting on an uphill grade easier.
US7513BA
The Hill holder does not operate when the vehicle is facing downhill. And the Hill holder may not operate on slight grades.
When starting in reverse and using the Hill holder, a braking effect may be felt even after the brake pedal has been released. However, this braking effect should disappear once the clutch pedal is released.
A slight jolt may be felt when the vehicle begins to move forward after being reversed.
If the braking power of the Hill holder is insufficient af- ter the brake pedal is released, apply more braking power by pressing the brake pedal again.
US7512BA
On an uphill grade, when the clutch pedal is de- pressed while the brake pedal is also depressed, brak- ing power is maintained temporarily by the Hill holder when the brake pedal is released. The driver is there- fore able to start the vehicle the same way as on a lev- el grade, just using the clutch and accelerator pedal.
7-30
The Hill Holder is a device only for helping the driver to START the vehicle on an uphill grade. To prevent accidents when the vehicle is parked on a slope, be sure to firmly set the parking brake. When setting the parking brake, make sure that the vehicle remains stationary when the clutch pedal is released.
Starting and operating
Cruise control (if equipped)
HS7017AA
Cruise control enables you to maintain a constant ve- hicle speed without holding your foot on the accelera- tor pedal and it is operative when the vehicle speed is 25 mph (40 km/h) or more. Make sure the main switch is turned “OFF” when the cruise control is not in use to avoid unintentionally setting the cruise control.
Do not use the cruise control under any of the following conditions. This may cause loss of vehicle control:
– CONTINUED –
7-31
Starting and operating
driving up or down a steep grade driving on slippery or winding roads driving in heavy traffic
To set cruise control
HS7018CA
3. Push the control lever downward in the “SET, COAST” direction and release it. Then release the ac- celerator pedal. The vehicle will maintain the desired speed.
Vehicle speed can be temporarily increased while driving with the cruise control activated. Simply de- press the accelerator pedal to accelerate the vehicle. When the accelerator pedal is released, the vehicle will return to and maintain the previous cruising speed.
To temporarily cancel the cruise con-
trol
There are four ways to cancel the cruise control tem-
HS1103EA
1. Push the “CRUISE” main switch. The indicator light on the combination meter will come on. 2. Depress the accelerator pedal until the vehicle reaches the desired speed.
7-32
porarily:
Starting and operating
HS7018DA
Pull the control lever in the “CANCEL” direction. (if so equipped) Depress the brake pedal. Depress the clutch pedal (manual transmission ve- hicles only). Shift the selector lever into the “N” position (auto- matic transmission vehicles only).
HS7018EA
To resume the cruise control after it has been tempo- rarily canceled and with vehicle speed of about 20
mph (32 km/h) or more, push the control lever upward in the “ACCEL, RESUME” direction to return to the original cruising speed automatically.To turn off the cruise control There are two ways to turn off the cruise control: Push the main switch again. Turn the ignition switch to the “ACC” or “LOCK” po- sition (but only when the vehicle is completely stopped).
– CONTINUED –
7-33
Starting and operating
To change the cruising speed (cid:0) To increase the speed (by control lever)
(cid:0) To increase the speed (by accelerator pedal) 1. Depress the accelerator pedal to accelerate the ve- hicle to the desired speed.
HS7018EA
HS7018CA
Push the control lever upward in the “ACCEL, RE- SUME” direction and hold it until the vehicle reaches the desired speed. Then, release the control lever. The vehicle speed at that moment will be memorized and treated as the new set speed.
When the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the set speed is less than 4 mph (6.8 km/h), the set speed can be increased 1 mph (1.6 km/h) each time by pressing the control lever upward in the “AC- CEL, RESUME” direction quickly within 0.5 second.
2. Push the control lever downward in the “SET, COAST” direction once. Now the desired speed is set and the vehicle will keep running at that speed without depressing the accelerator pedal. NOTE If the difference between the actual vehicle speed when the control lever is pushed downward and the speed last time you set is less than 4 mph (6.8
km/h), the vehicle speed will be lowered by 1 mph (1.6 km/h). This occurs because the cruise control7-34
system unit regards this lever operation as that in- tended to decrease the vehicle speed. (cid:0) To decrease the speed (by control lever)
(cid:0) To decrease the speed (by brake pedal) 1. Depress the brake pedal to release cruise control temporarily.
Starting and operating
HS7018CA
Push the control lever downward in the “SET, COAST” direction and hold it until the vehicle reaches the de- sired speed. Then, release the control lever. The vehi- cle speed at that moment will be memorized and treat- ed as the new set speed.
When the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the set speed is less than 4 mph (6.8 km/h), the set speed can be lowered 1 mph (1.6 km/h) each time by pressing the control lever downward in the “SET, COAST” direction quickly within 0.5 second.
HS7018CA
2. When the speed decreases to the desired speed, press the control lever downward in the “SET, COAST” direction once. Now the desired speed is set and the vehicle will keep running at that speed without depressing the accerelator pedal.
– CONTINUED –
7-35
Starting and operating
Self-leveling rear suspension (if equipped)
The self-leveling suspension adjusts the vehicle body position automatically to keep it level at all times irre- spective of the number of occupants and the amount of cargo.
The self-leveling system is incorporated in the rear suspension shock absorber and operates only when the vehicle is in motion.
HS7019BA
7-36
HS7020BA
Owing to the self-leveling suspension, the vehicle body is adjusted to the proper position after several drive trips, even if the rear of the vehicle is lowered by loaded cargos or a coupled trailer.
If cargos are unloaded all at once, the vehicle height may become higher than the normal level. This is be- cause that the hydraulic pressure in the self-leveling suspension was increased for leveling the body when the cargos were loaded. In such a case, the vehicle height will return to the original level after several driv- ing trips. NOTE If the rear axle is loaded excessively, the vehicle
body may not be adjusted to the proper position.
Starting and operating
– CONTINUED –
7-37
New vehicle break-in driving – the first
1,000 miles (1,600 km) .............................. Fuel economy hints ...................................... Engine exhaust gas (Carbon monoxide) ... Catalytic converter ....................................... Periodic inspections .................................... Driving in foreign countries ......................... Driving tips for AWD vehicles ..................... Off road driving ............................................ Winter driving ............................................... Operation during cold weather ........................ Driving on snowy and icy roads ...................... Corrosion protection ........................................ Snow tires .......................................................... Tire chains ......................................................... Rocking the vehicle .......................................... Loading your vehicle ................................... Vehicle capacity weight .................................... GVWR and GAWR (Gross Vehicle Weight
Rating and Gross Axle Weight Rating) ........ Roof rail and crossbar (if equipped) ............... Trailer hitch (if equipped) ............................ Connecting a trailer .......................................... When you do not tow a trailer .......................... Trailer towing ................................................ Warranties and maintenance ........................... Maximum load limits ......................................... Trailer hitches ................................................... Connecting a trailer ..........................................
8-2
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-6
8-6
8-8
8-10
8-10
8-11
8-12
8-13
8-13
8-14
8-14
8-168-17
8-17
8-22
8-23
8-25
8-25
8-25
8-26
8-30
8-31Driving tips
Trailer towing tips .............................................
8-33
8-1
Driving tips
Driving tipsNew vehicle break-in driving – the first 1,000 miles (1,600 km)
The performance and long life of your vehicle are de- pendent on how you handle and care for your vehicle while it is new. Follow these instructions during the first 1,000 miles (1,600 km): Do not race the engine. And do not allow engine speed to exceed 4,000 rpm except in an emergency. Do not drive at one constant engine or vehicle speed for a long time, either fast or slow. Avoid starting suddenly and rapid acceleration, ex- cept in an emergency. Avoid hard braking, except in an emergency.
The same break-in procedures should be applied to an overhauled engine, newly mounted engine or when brake pads or brake linings are replaced with new ones.
Fuel economy hints
The following suggestions will help to save your fuel.
Select the proper gear position for the speed and road conditions. Avoid sudden acceleration or deceleration. Always accelerate gently until you reach the desired speed. Then try to maintain that speed for as long as possible. Do not pump the accelerator and avoid racing the engine. Avoid unnecessary engine idling. Keep the engine properly tuned. Keep the tires inflated to the correct pressure shown on the tire placard, which is located under the door latch on the driver’s side. Low pressure will increase tire wear and fuel consumption. Use the air conditioner only when necessary. Keep the front and rear wheels in proper alignment. Avoid carrying unnecessary cargo.
8-2
Engine exhaust gas (Carbon monox- ide)
only with all windows fully open. Keep the rear gate closed while driving to prevent exhaust gas from entering the vehicle.
Driving tips
Never inhale engine exhaust gas. Engine ex- haust gas contains carbon monoxide, a color- less and odorless gas which is dangerous, or even lethal, if inhaled. Always properly maintain the engine exhaust system to prevent engine exhaust gas from en- tering the vehicle. Never run the engine in a closed space, such as a garage, except for the brief time needed to drive the vehicle in or out of it. Avoid remaining in a parked vehicle for a lengthy time while the engine is running. If that is unavoidable, then use the ventilation fan to force fresh air into the vehicle. Always keep the front ventilator inlet grille free from snow, leaves or other obstructions to ensure that the ventilation system always works properly. If at any time you suspect that exhaust fumes are entering the vehicle, have the problem checked and corrected as soon as possible. If you must drive under these conditions, drive
NOTE Due to the expansion and contraction of the met- als used in the manufacture of the exhaust sys- tem, you may hear a crackling sound coming from the exhaust system for a short time after the en- gine has been shut off. This sound is normal.
– CONTINUED –
8-3
Driving tips
Catalytic converter
Turbo model
8-4
US8511BA
Non-turbo model
HS8002BA
The catalytic converter is installed in the exhaust sys- tem. It serves as catalyst to reduce HC, CO and NOx in exhaust gases, thus providing cleaner exhaust.
To avoid damage to the catalytic converter: Use only unleaded fuel. Even a small amount of leaded fuel will damage the catalytic converter. Never start the engine by pushing or pulling the ve- hicle. Avoid racing the engine. Never turn off the ignition switch while the vehicle is moving. Keep your engine tuned-up. If you feel the engine
running rough (misfiring, backfiring or incomplete combustion), have your vehicle checked and repaired by an authorized SUBARU dealer. Do not apply undercoating or rust prevention treat- ment to the heat shield of catalytic converter and the exhaust system.
Periodic inspections
To keep your vehicle in the best condition at all times, always have the recommended maintenance services listed in the maintenance schedule in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet” performed at the specified time or mileage intervals.
Driving tips
Avoid fire hazards. Do not drive or park the vehicle anywhere near flammable materials (e.g. grass, paper, rags or leaves), because the catalytic converter operates at very high tem- peratures. Keep everyone and flammable materials away from the exhaust pipe while the engine is running. The exhaust gas is very hot.
– CONTINUED –
8-5
Driving tips
Driving in foreign countries
Driving tips for AWD vehicles
When planning to use your vehicle in another country: Confirm the availability of the correct fuel. (Refer to the “Fuel requirements” section in chapter 7.) Comply with all regulations and requirements of each country.
HS8003BA
All wheel drive distributes the engine power to all four wheels. AWD vehicles provide better traction when driving on slippery, wet or snow-covered roads and when moving out of mud, dirt and sand. By shifting power between the front and rear wheels, SUBARU AWD can also provide added traction during acceler- ation and added engine braking force during deceler- ation.
Therefore, your SUBARU AWD vehicle may handle differently than an ordinary two wheel drive vehicle and it contains some features unique to AWD. For
8-6
safety purposes as well as to avoid damaging the AWD system, you should keep the following tips in mind:
An AWD vehicle is better able to climb steeper roads under snowy or slippery conditions than a two wheel drive vehicle. There is little difference in han- dling, however, during extremely sharp turns or sud- den braking. Therefore, when driving down a slope or turning corners, be sure to reduce your speed and maintain an ample distance from other vehicles. When replacing a tire, make sure you use only the same size, construction, brand, and load range as the original tires listed on the tire placard. Using other siz- es or construction may result in severe mechanical damage to the drive train of your vehicle and may af- fect ride, handling, braking, speedometer/odometer calibration, and clearance between the body and tires. It also may be dangerous and lead to loss of vehicle control. Always check the cold tire pressure before starting to drive. The recommended tire pressure is provided on the tire placard, which is located under the door latch on the driver’s side. Tire chains should always be placed on the front wheels only. There are some precautions that you must observe when towing your vehicle. For detail information, see
Driving tips
the “Towing” section in chapter 9.
Always maintain a safe driving speed accord- ing to the road and weather conditions in order to avoid having an accident on a sharp turn, during sudden braking or under other similar conditions. Always use the utmost care in driving – over- confidence because you are driving an all wheel drive vehicle could easily lead to a seri- ous accident.
– CONTINUED –
8-7
Driving tips
Off road driving
Because of the AWD feature and higher ground clear- ance, your SUBARU can be driven on ordinary roads or off-road. But please keep in mind that an AWD SUBARU is a passenger car and is neither a conven- tional off-road vehicle nor an all-terrain vehicle. If you do take your SUBARU off-road, certain common sense precautions such as the following should be taken:
Make certain that you and all of your passengers are wearing seat belts. Carry some emergency equipment, such as a tow- ing rope or chain, a shovel, wheel blocks, first aid kit and portable phone or citizens band radio. Drive carefully. Do not take unnecessary risks by driving in dangerous areas or over rough terrain. Slow down and employ extra caution at all times. When driving off-road, you will not have the benefit of marked traffic lanes, banked curves, traffic signs and the like. Do not drive across steep slopes. Instead, drive ei- ther straight up or straight down the slopes. A vehicle can much more easily tip over sideways than it can end over end. Avoid driving straight up or down slopes that are too steep. Avoid sharp turning maneuvers, especially at higher
8-8
speeds. Do not grip the inside or spokes of the steering wheel. A bad bump could jerk the wheel and injure your hands. Instead drive with your fingers and thumbs on the outside of the rim. If driving through water, such as when crossing shallow streams, first check the depth of the water and the bottom of the stream bed for firmness and ensure that the bed of the stream is flat. Drive slowly and com- pletely through the stream. The water should be shal- low enough that it does not reach the vehicle’s under- carriage. Water entering the engine air intake or the exhaust pipe or water splashing onto electrical parts may damage your vehicle and may cause it to stall. Never attempt to drive through rushing water; regard- less of its depth, it can wash away the ground from un- der your tires, resulting in possible loss of traction and even vehicle rollover. Always check your brakes for effectiveness immedi- ately after driving in sand, mud or water. Do this by driving slowly and stepping on the brake pedal. Re- peat that process several times to dry out the brake discs and brake pads. Do not drive or park over or near flammable materi- als such as dry grass or fallen leaves, as they may burn easily. The exhaust system is very hot while the engine is running and right after the engine stops. This
could create a fire hazard. After driving through tall grass, mud, rocks, sand, rivers, etc., check that there is no grass, bush, paper, rags, stones, sand, etc. adhering to or trapped on the underbody. Clear off any such matter from the under- body. If the vehicle is used with these materials trapped or adhering to the underbody, a mechanical breakdown or fire could occur. Secure all cargo carried inside the vehicle and make certain that it is not piled higher than the seatbacks. During sudden stops or jolts, unsecured cargo could be thrown around in the vehicle and cause injury. Do not pile heavy loads on the roof. Those loads raise the vehicle’s center of gravity and make it more prone to tip over. If you must rock the vehicle to free it from sand or mud, depress the accelerator pedal slightly and move the selector lever back and forth between “D” and “R” repeatedly. Do not race the engine. For the best pos- sible traction, avoid spinning the wheels when trying to free the vehicle. When the road surface is extremely slippery, you can obtain better traction by starting the vehicle with the transmission in 2nd than 1st (both for MT and AT). Never equip your vehicle with tires larger than those specified in this manual. Frequent driving of an AWD vehicle under hard-driv-
Driving tips
ing conditions such as rough roads or off roads will ne- cessitate more frequent replacement of engine oil, brake fluid and transmission oil than that specified in the maintenance schedule described in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.
Remember that damage done to your SUBARU while operating it off-road and not using common sense pre- cautions such as those listed above is not eligible for warranty coverage. Wash the vehicle’s underbody after off-road driving. Suspension components are particularly prone to dirt buildup, so they need to be washed thoroughly.
Always maintain a safe driving speed accord- ing to the road and weather conditions in order to avoid having an accident on a sharp turn, during sudden braking or under other similar conditions. Always use the utmost care in driving – over- confidence because you are driving an all wheel drive vehicle could easily lead to a seri- ous accident.
– CONTINUED –
8-9
Driving tips
Winter driving
HS8004AA
Operation during cold weather Carry some emergency equipment, such as tire chains, a window scraper, a bag of sand, flares, a small shovel, and jumper cables.
Check the battery and cables. Cold temperatures re- duce battery capacity. The battery must be in good condition to provide enough power for cold winter starts.
Use an engine oil of proper grade and viscosity for cold weather. Heavy summer oil will cause harder
8-10
starting.
Keep the door locks from freezing by squirting them with deicer or glycerin.
Forcing a frozen door open may damage or separate the rubber weather strips around the door. If the door is frozen, use hot water to melt the ice, and afterwards thoroughly wipe the water away.
Use a windshield washer fluid that contains an anti- freeze solution. Do not use engine antifreeze or other substitutes because they may damage the paint of the vehicle. (cid:0) Before driving your vehicle Before entering the vehicle, remove any snow or ice from your shoes because that could make the pedals slippery and dangerous.
While warming up the vehicle before driving, check that the accelerator pedal, brake pedal, and all other controls operate smoothly.
Clear away ice and snow that has accumulated under the fenders to avoid making steering difficult. During severe winter driving, stop when and where it is safe to do so and check under the fenders periodically.
(cid:0) Parking in cold weather Do not use the parking brake when parking for long periods in cold weather since it could freeze in that po- sition. Instead, observe the following: 1. Place the shift lever in “1” or “R” for manual trans- mission vehicles, and in “P” for automatic transmission vehicles. 2. Use tire stops under the tires to prevent the vehicle from moving.
When the vehicle is parked in snow or when it snows, raise the wiper blades off the glass to prevent damage to them.
When the vehicle has been left parked after use on roads heavily covered with snow, or has been left parked during a snowstorm, icing may develop on the brake system, which could cause poor braking action. Check for snow or ice buildup on the suspension, disc brakes and brake hoses underneath the vehicle. If there is caked snow or ice, remove it, being careful not to damage the disc brakes and brake hoses and ABS harness.
Snow can trap dangerous exhaust gases under your vehicle. Keep snow clear of the exhaust
Driving tips
pipe and from around your vehicle if you park the vehicle in snow with the engine running.
(cid:0) Refueling in cold weather To help prevent moisture from forming in the fuel sys- tem and the risk of its freezing, use of an antifreeze ad- ditive in the fuel tank is recommended during cold weather. Use only additives that are specifically designed for this purpose. When an antifreeze additive is used, its effect lasts longer if the tank is refilled whenever the fuel level reaches half empty.
If your SUBARU is not going to be used for an extend- ed period, it is best to have the fuel tank filled to capac- ity.
Driving on snowy and icy roads To prevent skidding and slipping, avoid sudden brak- ing, abrupt acceleration, high-speed driving, and sharp turning when driving on snowy or icy roads. Always maintain ample distance between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead of you to avoid the need for sud- den braking. To supplement the foot brake, use the engine brake effectively to control the vehicle speed. (Shift into a
– CONTINUED –
8-11
Driving tips
lower gear when necessary.) Avoid shifting down abruptly. Such behavior can cause the wheels to lock, possibly leading to loss of vehicle control.
An anti-lock brake system (ABS) enhances your vehi- cle’s braking performance on snowy and icy roads. Refer to the “ABS (Anti-lock Brake System)” section in chapter 7 for information on braking on slippery sur- faces.
Do not use the cruise control on slippery roads such as snowy or icy roads. This may cause loss of vehicle control.
(cid:0) Wiper operation when snowing Before driving in cold weather, make sure the wiper blades are not frozen to the windshield or rear window. If the wiper blades are frozen to the windshield or rear window, use the defroster with the airflow control but- ton/dial in the “ ” position and the temperature control dial set for maximum warmth until the wiper blades are completely thawed out. If your vehicle is equipped with a wiper deicer, it is helpful to thaw the windshield wiper blades. To thaw out the rear wiper
8-12
blade, use the rear window defogger.
When driving in snow, if frozen snow starts to stick on the surface of the windshield despite wiper operation, use the defroster with the airflow control button/dial in “ ” and the temperature control dial set for maxi- mum warmth. After the windshield gets warmed enough to melt the frozen snow on it, wash it away us- ing the windshield washer.
Snow stuck on the wiper arm prevents the wiper from working effectively. If snow is stuck on the wiper arm, pull off the road to a safe place, then remove it. If you stop the car at road side, use the hazard warning flasher to alert other drivers.
We recommend use of non-freezing type wiper blades (winter blades) during the seasons you could have snow and sub-zero temperatures. Blades of this type give superior wiping performance in snowy conditions. Be sure to use blades that are suitable for your vehi- cle.
Corrosion protection Refer to the “Corrosion protection” section (chapter 10).
Snow tires
When replacing original tires with winter (snow) tires, make sure you use only the same size, construction and load range as the origi- nal tires listed on the tire placard. Using other sizes and construction may affect speedome- ter/odometer calibration and clearance be- tween the body and tires. It also may be danger- ous and lead to loss of vehicle control. You must install four winter tires that are of the same size, construction, brand, and load range. Mixing other sizes or constructions may result in severe mechanical damage to the drive train of your vehicle and may affect ride, han- dling, braking and speedometer/odometer cali- bration. It also may be dangerous and lead to loss of vehicle control. Do not use a combination of radial, belted bias or bias tires since it may cause dangerous handling characteristics and lead to an acci- dent.
Your vehicle is equipped with “all season tires” as orig- inal equipment, which are designed to provide an ad-
Driving tips
equate measure of traction, handling and braking per- formance in year-round driving. In winter, it may be possible to enhance performance through use of tires designed specifically for winter driving conditions. When you choose to install winter tires on your vehi- cle, be sure to use the correct tire size and type. You must install four winter tires that are of the same size, construction, brand and load range and you should never mix radial, belted bias or bias tires since this may result in dangerous handling characteristics. When you choose a tire, make sure that there is enough clearance between the tire and vehicle body.
Remember to drive with care at all times regardless of the type of tires on your vehicle.
Tire chains Driving on snowy grades or icy roads may require the use of tire chains, in which case put the chains on the front wheels only. Use only SAE class S type chains that are of the correct size for your tires so as not to damage the vehicle body or suspension. When driving with tire chains, drive at speeds below 19 mph (30 km/h).
Always use the utmost care when driving with tire chains — overconfidence because you are driving with tire chains could easily lead to a serious accident. – CONTINUED –
8-13
Driving tips
Rocking the vehicle If you must rock the vehicle to free it from snow, sand, or mud, depress the accelerator pedal slightly and move the selector lever back and forth between “D” and “R” repeatedly. Do not race the engine. For the best possible traction, avoid spinning the wheels when trying to free the vehicle.
When the road surface is extremely slippery, you can obtain better traction by starting the vehicle with the transmission in 2nd than 1st (both for MT and AT).
Refer to the “Automatic transmission” section in chap- ter 7 for information on holding the transmission in 2nd position.
Loading your vehicle
Never allow passengers to ride on the folded rear seatback or in the cargo area. Doing so may result in serious injury. Never stack luggage or other cargo higher than the top of the seatback because it could tumble forward and injure passengers in the event of a sudden stop or accident. Keep lug- gage or cargo low, as close to the floor as pos- sible.
8-14
Driving tips
can change the way your vehicle handles. This could result in loss of control and cause per- sonal injury. Also, overloading can shorten the life of your vehicle. Do not place anything on the extended cargo area cover. Such items could tumble forward in the event of a sudden stop or a collision. This could cause serious injury.
HS8005BA
Do not carry spray cans, containers with flam- mable or corrosive liquids or any other danger- ous items inside the vehicle.
When you carry something inside the vehicle, secure it whenever you can to prevent it from being thrown around inside the vehicle during sudden stops, sharp turns or in an accident. Do not pile heavy loads on the roof. These loads raise the vehicle’s center of gravity and make it more prone to tip over. Secure lengthy items properly to prevent them from shooting forward and causing seri- ous injury during a sudden stop. Never exceed the maximum load limit. If you do, some parts on your vehicle can break, or it
NOTE For better fuel economy, do not carry unneeded cargo.
– CONTINUED –
8-15
The load capacity of your vehicle is determined by weight, not by available cargo space. The maximum load you can carry in your vehicle is shown as the Ve- hicle Capacity Weight on the tire information label at- tached to the driver’s side door jamb. It includes the to- tal weight of driver and all passengers and their be- longings, any optional equipment such as a trailer hitch, roof rack or bike carrier, etc., and the tongue load of a trailer.
The tire information label also shows recommended tire inflation pressure under full loading and trailer tow- ing conditions. Adjust tire inflation pressures accord- ing to the loading conditions. For the tire inflation pres- sures, refer to the “Tires and wheels” section in Chap- ter 11.
Driving tips
Vehicle capacity weight
HS8006BA
HS8024BA
8-16
GVWR and GAWR (Gross Vehicle
Weight Rating and Gross Axle Weight Rating)
HS8007BA
The certification plate attached to the driver’s side door jamb shows GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rat- ing) and GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating). The GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) must never exceed the GVWR. GVW is the combined total of weight of the vehicle, fuel, driver, all passengers, luggage, any op- tional equipment and trailer tongue load. Therefore, the GVW changes depending on the situation. The GVWR equals Curb Weight (actual weight of your ve- hicle – including standard equipment, fluids, emergen-
Driving tips
cy tools and spare tire assembly) plus the vehicle ca- pacity weight.
In addition, the total weight applied to each axle (GAW) must never exceed the GAWR. The front and rear GAWs can be adjusted by relocating luggage in- side the vehicle. Even if the total weight of your luggage is lower than the vehicle capacity weight, either front or rear GAW may exceed the GAWR, depending on the distribution of the luggage. If you carry heavy loads in the vehicle, you should con- firm that GVW and front and rear GAWs are within the GVWR and GAWR by putting your vehicle on a vehi- cle scale, found at a commercial weighing station.
Do not use replacement tires with a lower load range than the originals because they may lower the GVWR and GAWR limitations. Replacement tires with a high- er load range than the originals do not increase the GVWR and GAWR limitations.
Roof rail and crossbar (if equipped) The roof rail is not designed to carry cargo by itself. Cargo can be carried after securing the roof crossbar kit to the roof rail and installing the appropriate carry- ing attachment. When installing the roof crossbar kit, follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
– CONTINUED –
8-17
Driving tips
When you carry cargo on the roof using the roof cross- bar kit and a carrying attachment, never exceed the maximum load limit explained below. You should also be careful that your vehicle does not exceed the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and front and rear Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). See the “Loading your vehicle” section in this chapter for information on loading cargo into or onto your vehicle. The maximum load limit of the cargo, crossbars and carrying attach- ment must not exceed 150 lb. (68 kg). Place the heaviest load at the bottom, nearest the roof, and evenly distribute the cargo. Always properly secure all cargo.
For cargo carrying purposes, the roof rail must be used together with a roof crossbar kit and the appropriate carrying attachment. The roof rail must never be used alone to carry car- go. Otherwise, damage to the roof or paint or a dangerous road hazard due to loss of cargo could result. When using the roof crossbar kit, make sure that the total weight of the crossbars, carrying attachment and cargo does not exceed the maximum load limit. Overloading may cause damage to the vehicle and create a safety haz-
8-18
ard.
(cid:0) Installing carrying attachments on the cross-
bars
When installing any carrying attachment such as a bike carrier, ski carrier, kayak carrier, cargo basket, etc. on the crossbars, follow the manufacturer’s in- structions and make sure that the attachment is se- curely fixed to the crossbars. Use only attachments designed specifically for the crossbars. A set of cross- bars is designed to carry loads (cargo and attachment) of not more than 150 lb. (68 kg). Before operating the vehicle, make sure that the cargo is properly secured on the attachment. NOTE Remember that the vehicle’s center of gravity is al- tered with the weight of the load on the roof, thus affecting the driving characteristics. Drive carefully. Avoid rapid starts, hard cornering and abrupt stops. Crosswind effects will be in- creased. (cid:0) Removal and installation of the crossbars The crossbars can be removed when you do not use the roof to carry cargo.
(cid:1) To remove the crossbar
HS8028BB
1) Crossbar end support 2) T-30 torx® head screw
1. Loosen and remove the T-30 torx® head screw from the top of each crossbar end support. 2. Move the end support and inner clamp to unhook each side of the crossbar from the roof rail.
Driving tips
HS8025BA
3. Carefully raise the crossbar from roof rails. NOTE It may be necessary to move the Front crossbar rearward, near the center of the roof rail for easier removal. Use care not to cross-thread the screw in the insert if it has been removed. (cid:1) To install the crossbar Front crossbar: Front crossbar has 150 LBS. Load Label on right-hand side.
– CONTINUED –
8-19
Driving tips
HS8028BB
1) Crossbar end support 2) T-30 torx® head screw
1. Before placing the crossbar on the roof rails, make sure that the T-30 torx® head screw is fully loosened from each end support. 2. Spread the inner clamp and the end support as far apart as possible.
8-20
FRFRONT ONT
6 in (150 mm)
1) Load label 2) Direction arrow label
HS8026BB
3. With the front direction arrow label on the top right side of the crossbar pointing toward the front of the ve- hicle, carefully place the crossbar across the top of the vehicle so that the crossbar end supports rest on the top of the roof rails approximately 6 inches (150 mm) rearward in the front radius of the roof rail. 4. Move the end support and inner clamp to hook un- der the end of the roof rail on both sides and loosely assemble the T-30 torx® head screw with the tool pro- vided into the threaded insert in the inner clamp on each end of the crossbar.
NOTE It may be necessary to start the inner clamp and end support at the center of the roof rail for easier installation, then move the crossbar forward. Use care not to cross-thread the screw in the insert if it has been removed.
5. Adjust the alignment of the crossbar on the roof rails, and if available, use a T-30 torx® bit and torque wrench and tighten the T-30 torx® head screws to 30
to 35 inch lbs. (3.4 to 4.0 N-m, 0.35 to 0.41 kg-m) of torque (or tighten securely with the torx® wrench pro- vided).Rear crossbar:
FRFRONT ONT
Driving tips
6 in (150 mm)
HS8027BB
1) T-30 torx® head screw 2) Front arrow label
Install the rear crossbar in the same manner as the front crossbar. NOTE The rear crossbar should be positioned 6 inches (150 mm) forward of the rear radius in the roof rail.
Do not carry cargo on the roof when the cross- bars are removed. Luggage on the roof will be
– CONTINUED –
8-21
Driving tips
thrown forward or backward in sudden stops or rapid accelerations, resulting in a dangerous road hazard.
NOTE Before each use of the roof crossbar, make sure the four T-30 crossbar clamp screws have been checked, and retightened if necessary to 30 to 35
inch lbs. (3.4 to 4.0 N-m, 0.35 to 0.41 kg-m), as out- lined in Step #5 above.8-22
Trailer hitch (if equipped)
The trailer hitch is designed to tow a Class 1 rated load. When you tow a trailer, follow the instructions in the next section “Trailer towing”.
Never exceed the maximum weight specified for the trailer hitch. Exceeding the maximum weight could cause an accident resulting in se- rious personal injuries. Permissible trailer weight changes depending on the situation. Re- fer to the next section “Trailer towing” for pos- sible recommendations and limitations. Trailer brakes are required when the towing load exceeds 1,000 lbs. (453 kg). Be sure your trailer has safety chains and that each chain will hold the trailer’s maximum gross weight. Towing trailers without safety chains could cre- ate a traffic safety hazard if the trailer separates from the hitch due to coupling damage or hitch ball damage. Be sure to check the hitch pin and safety pin for positive locking placement before towing a trailer. If the ball mount comes off the hitch re-
ceiver, the trailer could get loose and create a traffic safety hazard. Use only the ball mount supplied with this hitch. Use the hitch only as a weight carrying hitch. Do not use with any type of weight dis- tributing hitch.
Connecting a trailer 1. Remove the receiver cover from the hitch receiver tube. Then insert the ball mount into the hitch receiver tube.
Driving tips
er tube so that the pin passes through the ball mount.
3. Insert the safety pin securely into the hitch pin. 4. Pull the ball mount to make sure it does not come off the hitch receiver.
HS8012BA
2. Insert the hitch pin into the hole on the hitch receiv-
HS8011BA
– CONTINUED –
8-23
Driving tips
HS8013BB
1) Hitch ball installation point 2) Hooks for safety chains
5. Use only a hitch ball that is appropriate for the ball mount and your trailer. The hitch ball must be securely installed on the ball mount. 6. Connect your trailer to the hitch ball. 7. Connect the trailer and the hitch with safety chains that will hold the trailer’s maximum gross weight. The chains should cross under the trailer tongue to prevent the tongue from dropping onto the ground in case it should disconnect from the hitch ball. Allow sufficient slack in the chains taking tight-turn situations into ac- count; however, be careful not to let them drag on the
8-24
ground.
Do not connect safety chains to part of the ve- hicle other than the safety chain hooks.
HS8015BA
Hitch harness connector
8. Connect the hitch wire harness’s black four-pin wire connector to the towing trailer’s wire harness 9. Confirm proper function of the hitch wire harness by individually activating the brake, right turn signal, left turn signal, stop, and parking lights on the trailer.
NOTE Always disconnect the trailer wire harness before launching or retrieving a watercraft.
When you do not tow a trailer Remove the ball mount from the hitch receiver tube and insert the receiver cover onto the hitch receiver tube. Place the dust cap over the fou-pin connector of the hitch wire harness to protect against possible damage. Occasionally lubricate terminals of the four-pin con- nector using terminal grease.
Driving tips
Trailer towing
Your car is designed and intended to be used primarily as a passenger-carrying vehicle. Towing a trailer puts additional loads on your car’s engine, drivetrain, brakes, tires and suspension and has an adverse ef- fect on fuel economy. If you do decide to tow a trailer, your safety and satis- faction depend upon proper use of correct equipment and cautious operation of your vehicle. Seek the ad- vice of your SUBARU dealer to assist you in purchas- ing a hitch and other necessary towing equipment ap- propriate for your vehicle. In addition, be sure to follow the instructions on correct installation and use provid- ed by the trailer and other towing equipment manufac- turers. SUBARU assumes no responsibility for injuries or ve- hicle damage that result from trailer towing equipment, or from any errors or omissions in the instructions ac- companying such equipment or for your failure to fol- low the proper instructions.
Warranties and maintenance SUBARU warranties do not apply to vehicle damage or malfunction caused by trailer towing. If you use your vehicle to tow a trailer, more frequent maintenance will be required due to the additional load. (Refer to “Main- – CONTINUED –
8-25
Driving tips
tenance schedule under severe driving conditions” in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.) Under no circumstances should a trailer be towed with a new vehicle or a vehicle with any new powertrain component (engine, transmission, differential, wheel bearings, etc.) for the first 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of driving.
Maximum load limits
Never exceed the maximum load limits ex- plained below. Exceeding the maximum load limits could cause personal injury and/or vehi- cle damage.
Adequate size trailer brakes are required when the trailer and its cargo exceed 1,000 lbs (453 kg) total weight. Before towing a trailer, check the trailer total weight, GVW, GAWs and tongue load. Make sure the load and its distribution in your vehicle
8-26
and trailer are acceptable.
(cid:0) Total trailer weight
HS8016AA
Total trailer weight
The total trailer weight (trailer weight plus its cargo load) must never exceed the maximum weight shown below.
Model
Conditions
MT models When towing a trailer
without brakes.
Maximum total trailer
weight
1,000 lbs (453 kg)
When towing a trailer with brakes.
2,400 lbs (1,087 kg)
1,000 lbs (453 kg)
2,000 lbs (906 kg) 2,400 lbs (1,087 kg)*
1,000 lbs (453 kg)
AT models When towing a trailer
without brakes.
When towing a trailer with brakes.
When towing a trailer on a long uphill grade continuously for over 5 miles (8 km) with an outside temperature of 104° F (40° C) or above.
*: Turbo model
Driving tips
(cid:0) Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) and Gross Vehicle
Weight Rating (GVWR)
US8508AA
Gross Vehicle Weight
The Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) must never exceed the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) is the combined total of the weight of the vehicle, driver, passengers, luggage, trailer hitch, trailer tongue load and any other optional equipment installed on your vehicle. Therefore, the GVW changes depending on the situation. Determine the GVW each time before going on a trip by putting your vehicle and trailer on a vehicle scale.
– CONTINUED –
8-27
Driving tips
(cid:0) Gross Axle Weight (GAW) and Gross Axle
Weight Rating (GAWR)
Certification label
HS8007BA
GVWR is shown on the certification plate located on the driver’s side door jamb.
Gross Axle Weight
US8030AA
The total weight applied to each axle (GAW) must nev- er exceed the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). The front and rear GAWs can be adjusted by relocating passengers and luggage inside the vehicle. The front and rear GAWR are also shown on the certification plate. To check both GVWR and GAWR and to confirm that the total weight and weight distribution are within safe driving limits, you should have your vehicle and trailer weighed at a commercial weighing station.
8-28
Be sure that all cargo is firmly secured to prevent a change in weight distribution while driving. (cid:0) Tongue load
Driving tips
1) Jack 2) Bathroom scale
US8031BB
HS8019AA
Tongue load
Ensure that the trailer tongue load is from 8 to 11 per- cent of the total trailer weight and does not exceed the maximum value of 200 lbs (90 kg).
The tongue load can be weighed with a bathroom scale as shown in the illustration above. When weigh- ing the tongue load, be sure to position the towing cou- pler at the height at which it would be during actual towing, using a jack as shown.
– CONTINUED –
8-29
Driving tips
60%
40%
50% 50%
HS8021BB
F: Front of vehicle
The tongue load can be adjusted by proper distribution of the load in the trailer. Never load the trailer with more weight in the back than in the front; approximate- ly 60 percent of the trailer load should be in the front and approximately 40 percent in the rear. Also, distrib- ute the load as evenly as possible on both the left and right sides. Be sure that all cargo is firmly secured to prevent a change in weight distribution while driving.
If the trailer is loaded with more weight in the
8-30
back of trailer’s axle than in the front, the load is taken off the rear axle of the towing vehicle. This may cause the rear wheels to skid, espe- cially during braking or when vehicle speed is reduced during cornering, resulting in over- steer, spin out and/or jackknifing.
Trailer hitches Choose a proper hitch for your vehicle and trailer. The use of a genuine SUBARU trailer hitch is recom- mended. A genuine SUBARU hitch is available from your SUBARU dealer. If use of a non-genuine hitch is unavoidable, be sure the hitch is suited to your vehicle and trailer. Consult with a professional hitch supplier to assist you in choosing an appropriate hitch for your vehicle. Be sure to follow all of the hitch manufacturer’s instructions for installation and use. Never use a hitch that mounts only to the rear bumper. The bumper is not designed to handle that type of load. For all types of hitches, regularly check that the hitch mounting bolts and nuts are tight.
Never drill the frame or under-body of your ve- hicle to install a commercial trailer hitch. If you do, dangerous exhaust gas, water or mud may enter the passenger compartment through the drilled hole. Exhaust gas contains carbon mon- oxide, a colorless and odorless gas which is dangerous, or even lethal, if inhaled. Also, drill- ing the frame or under-body of your vehicle could cause deterioration of strength of your vehicle and cause corrosion around the drilled hole.
Do not modify the vehicle exhaust system, brake system, or other systems when installing a hitch or other trailer towing equipment. Do not use axle-mounted hitches as they can cause damage to the axle housing, wheel bear- ings, wheels or tires.
Driving tips
Connecting a trailer (cid:0) Trailer brakes If your trailer’s total weight (trailer weight plus its cargo weight) exceeds 1,000 lbs (453 kg), the trailer is re- quired to be equipped with its own brake system. Elec- tric brakes or surge brakes are recommended, and must be installed properly. Check that your trailer’s brakes conform with Federal, state/province and/or other applicable regulations. Your SUBARU’s brake system is not designed to be tapped into the trailer’s hydraulic brake system. Please ask your SUBARU dealer and professional trailer supplier for more infor- mation about the trailer’s brake system.
Adequate size trailer brakes are required when the trailer and its cargo exceed 1,000 lbs (453 kg) total weight. Do not directly connect your trailer’s hydrau- lic brake system to the hydraulic brake system in your vehicle. Direct connection would cause the vehicle’s brake performance to deteriorate and could lead to an accident.
– CONTINUED –
8-31
Driving tips
(cid:0) Trailer safety chains In case the trailer hitch connector or hitch ball should break or become disconnected, the trailer could get loose and create a traffic safety hazard. For safety, always connect the towing vehicle and trailer with trailer safety chains. Pass the chains cross- ing each other under the trailer tongue to prevent the trailer from dropping onto the ground in case the trailer tongue should disconnect from the hitch ball. Allow sufficient slack in the chains taking tight-turn situations into account; however, be careful not to let them drag on the ground. For more information about the safety chain connec- tion, refer to the instructions for your hitch and trailer.
Always use safety chains between your vehicle and the trailer. Towing a trailer without safety chains could create a traffic safety hazard if the
