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An anti-lock brake system (ABS) enhances your vehi- cle’s braking performance on snowy and icy roads. Refer to the “ABS (Anti-lock Brake System)” section in chapter 7 for information on braking on slippery sur- faces.
Do not use the cruise control on slippery roads such as snowy or icy roads. This may cause loss of vehicle control.
T Wiper operation when snowing Before driving in cold weather, make sure the wiper blades are not frozen to the windshield or rear window. If the wiper blades are frozen to the windshield or rear window, use the defroster with the airflow control but- ton/dial in the “ ” position and the temperature con- trol dial set for maximum warmth until the wiper blades are completely thawed out. If your vehicle is equipped with a wiper deicer, it is helpful to thaw the windshield wiper blades. To thaw out the rear wiper blade, use the
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8-11
Driving tips
rear window defogger.
When driving in snow, if frozen snow starts to stick on the surface of the windshield despite wiper operation, use the defroster with the airflow control button/dial in “ ” and the temperature control dial set for maximum warmth. After the windshield gets warmed enough to melt the frozen snow on it, wash it away using the windshield washer.
Snow stuck on the wiper arm prevents the wiper from working effectively. If snow is stuck on the wiper arm, pull off the road to a safe place, then remove it. If you stop the car at road side, use the hazard warning flasher to alert other drivers.
We recommend use of non-freezing type wiper blades (winter blades) during the seasons you could have snow and sub-zero temperatures. Blades of this type give superior wiping performance in snowy conditions. Be sure to use blades that are suitable for your vehi- cle.
Corrosion protection Refer to the “Corrosion protection” section (chapter 10).
8-12
Snow tires
y When replacing original tires with winter (snow) tires, make sure you use only the same size, construction and load range as the origi- nal tires listed on the tire placard. Using other sizes and construction may affect speedome- ter/odometer calibration and clearance be- tween the body and tires. It also may be dangerous and lead to loss of vehicle control. y You must install four winter tires that are of the same size, construction, brand, and load range. Mixing other sizes or constructions may result in severe mechanical damage to the drive train of your vehicle and may affect ride, han- dling, braking and speedometer/odometer cali- bration. It also may be dangerous and lead to loss of vehicle control. y Do not use a combination of radial, belted bias or bias tires since it may cause dangerous handling characteristics and lead to an acci- dent.
Your vehicle is equipped with “all season tires” as orig- inal equipment, which are designed to provide an ad-
equate measure of traction, handling and braking performance in year-round driving. In winter, it may be possible to enhance performance through use of tires designed specifically for winter driving conditions. When you choose to install winter tires on your vehi- cle, be sure to use the correct tire size and type. You must install four winter tires that are of the same size, construction, brand and load range and you should never mix radial, belted bias or bias tires since this may result in dangerous handling characteristics. When you choose a tire, make sure that there is enough clearance between the tire and vehicle body.
Remember to drive with care at all times regardless of the type of tires on your vehicle.
Tire chains Driving on snowy grades or icy roads may require the use of tire chains, in which case put the chains on the front wheels only. Use only SAE class S type chains that are of the correct size for your tires so as not to damage the vehicle body or suspension. When driving with tire chains, drive at speeds below 19 mph (30 km/h).
Always use the utmost care when driving with tire chains — overconfidence because you are driving with tire chains could easily lead to a serious accident.
Driving tips
Rocking the vehicle If you must rock the vehicle to free it from snow, sand, or mud, depress the accelerator pedal slightly and move the selector lever back and forth between “D” and “R” repeatedly. Do not race the engine. For the best possible traction, avoid spinning the wheels when trying to free the vehicle.
When the road surface is extremely slippery, you can obtain better traction by starting the vehicle with the transmission in 2nd than 1st (both for MT and AT).
Refer to the “Automatic transmission” section in chap- ter 7 for information on holding the transmission in 2nd position.
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8-13
Driving tips
Loading your vehicle
y Never allow passengers to ride on the folded rear seatback or in the cargo area. Doing so may result in serious injury. y Never stack luggage or other cargo higher than the top of the seatback because it could tumble forward and injure passengers in the event of a sudden stop or accident. Keep lug- gage or cargo low, as close to the floor as pos- sible.
8-14
HS8005BA
y When you carry something inside the vehicle, secure it whenever you can to prevent it from being thrown around inside the vehicle during sudden stops, sharp turns or in an accident. y Do not pile heavy loads on the roof. These loads raise the vehicle’s center of gravity and make it more prone to tip over. y Secure lengthy items properly to prevent them from shooting forward and causing seri- ous injury during a sudden stop. y Never exceed the maximum load limit. If you do, some parts on your vehicle can break, or it
can change the way your vehicle handles. This could result in loss of control and cause per- sonal injury. Also, overloading can shorten the life of your vehicle. y Do not place anything on the extended cargo area cover. Such items could tumble forward in the event of a sudden stop or a collision. This could cause serious injury.
Do not carry spray cans, containers with flam- mable or corrosive liquids or any other danger- ous items inside the vehicle.
NOTE For better fuel economy, do not carry unneeded cargo.
Driving tips
Vehicle capacity weight
HS8006BA
HS8024BA
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8-15
Driving tips
The load capacity of your vehicle is determined by weight, not by available cargo space. The maximum load you can carry in your vehicle is shown as the Ve- hicle Capacity Weight on the tire information label at- tached to the driver’s side door jamb. It includes the total weight of driver and all passengers and their be- longings, any optional equipment such as a trailer hitch, roof rack or bike carrier, etc., and the tongue load of a trailer.
The tire information label also shows recommended tire inflation pressure under full loading and trailer tow- ing conditions. Adjust tire inflation pressures accord- ing to the loading conditions. For the tire inflation pressures, refer to the “Tires and wheels” section in Chapter 11.
8-16
GVWR and GAWR (Gross Vehicle
Weight Rating and Gross Axle Weight Rating)
HS8007BA
The certification plate attached to the driver’s side door jamb shows GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rat- ing) and GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating). The GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) must never exceed the GVWR. GVW is the combined total of weight of the vehicle, fuel, driver, all passengers, luggage, any op- tional equipment and trailer tongue load. Therefore, the GVW changes depending on the situation. The GVWR equals Curb Weight (actual weight of your ve- hicle – including standard equipment, fluids, emergen-
cy tools and spare tire assembly) plus the vehicle capacity weight.
the total weight applied to each axle In addition, (GAW) must never exceed the GAWR. The front and rear GAWs can be adjusted by relocating luggage in- side the vehicle. Even if the total weight of your luggage is lower than the vehicle capacity weight, either front or rear GAW may exceed the GAWR, depending on the distribution of the luggage. If you carry heavy loads in the vehicle, you should con- firm that GVW and front and rear GAWs are within the GVWR and GAWR by putting your vehicle on a vehi- cle scale, found at a commercial weighing station.
Do not use replacement tires with a lower load range than the originals because they may lower the GVWR and GAWR limitations. Replacement tires with a high- er load range than the originals do not increase the GVWR and GAWR limitations.
Roof rail and crossbar (if equipped) The roof rail is not designed to carry cargo by itself. Cargo can be carried after securing the roof crossbar kit to the roof rail and installing the appropriate carry- ing attachment. When installing the roof crossbar kit, follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Driving tips
When you carry cargo on the roof using the roof cross- bar kit and a carrying attachment, never exceed the maximum load limit explained below. You should also be careful that your vehicle does not exceed the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and front and rear Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). See the “Loading your vehicle” section in this chapter for information on loading cargo into or onto your vehicle. The maximum load limit of the cargo, crossbars and carrying attach- ment must not exceed 150 lb. (68 kg). Place the heaviest load at the bottom, nearest the roof, and evenly distribute the cargo. Always properly secure all cargo.
y For cargo carrying purposes, the roof rail must be used together with a roof crossbar kit and the appropriate carrying attachment. The roof rail must never be used alone to carry car- go. Otherwise, damage to the roof or paint or a dangerous road hazard due to loss of cargo could result. y When using the roof crossbar kit, make sure that the total weight of the crossbars, carrying attachment and cargo does not exceed the maximum load limit. Overloading may cause damage to the vehicle and create a safety haz- – CONTINUED –
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Driving tips
ard.
T Installing carrying attachments on the cross-
bars
When installing any carrying attachment such as a bike carrier, ski carrier, kayak carrier, cargo basket, etc. on the crossbars, follow the manufacturer’s in- structions and make sure that the attachment is se- curely fixed to the crossbars. Use only attachments designed specifically for the crossbars. A set of cross- bars is designed to carry loads (cargo and attachment) of not more than 150 lb. (68 kg). Before operating the vehicle, make sure that the cargo is properly secured on the attachment. NOTE Remember that the vehicle’s center of gravity is al- tered with the weight of the load on the roof, thus affecting the driving characteristics. Drive carefully. Avoid rapid starts, hard cornering and abrupt stops. Crosswind effects will be in- creased. T Removal and installation of the crossbars The crossbars can be removed when you do not use the roof to carry cargo.
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V To remove the crossbar
HS8028BB
1) Crossbar end support 2) T-30 torx® head screw
1. Loosen and remove the T-30 torx® head screw from the top of each crossbar end support. 2. Move the end support and inner clamp to unhook each side of the crossbar from the roof rail.
Driving tips
HS8025BA
HS8028BB
3. Carefully raise the crossbar from roof rails. NOTE It may be necessary to move the Front crossbar rearward, near the center of the roof rail for easier removal. Use care not to cross-thread the screw in the insert if it has been removed. V To install the crossbar Front crossbar: Front crossbar has 150 LBS. Load Label on right-hand side.
1) Crossbar end support 2) T-30 torx® head screw
1. Before placing the crossbar on the roof rails, make sure that the T-30 torx® head screw is fully loosened from each end support. 2. Spread the inner clamp and the end support as far apart as possible.
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Driving tips
FRONT
6 in (150 mm)
1) Load label 2) Direction arrow label
NOTE It may be necessary to start the inner clamp and end support at the center of the roof rail for easier installation, then move the crossbar forward. Use care not to cross-thread the screw in the insert if it has been removed.
5. Adjust the alignment of the crossbar on the roof rails, and if available, use a T-30 torx® bit and torque wrench and tighten the T-30 torx® head screws to 30
to 35 inch lbs. (3.4 to 4.0 N-m, 0.35 to 0.41 kg-m) of torque (or tighten securely with the torx® wrench pro- vided).HS8026BB
3. With the front direction arrow label on the top right side of the crossbar pointing toward the front of the ve- hicle, carefully place the crossbar across the top of the vehicle so that the crossbar end supports rest on the top of the roof rails approximately 6 inches (150 mm) rearward in the front radius of the roof rail. 4. Move the end support and inner clamp to hook un- der the end of the roof rail on both sides and loosely assemble the T-30 torx® head screw with the tool pro- vided into the threaded insert in the inner clamp on each end of the crossbar.
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Rear crossbar:
FRONT
thrown forward or backward in sudden stops or rapid accelerations, resulting in a dangerous road hazard.
Driving tips
NOTE Before each use of the roof crossbar, make sure the four T-30 crossbar clamp screws have been checked, and retightened if necessary to 30 to 35
inch lbs. (3.4 to 4.0 N-m, 0.35 to 0.41 kg-m), as out- lined in Step #5 above.6 in (150 mm)
HS8027BB
1) T-30 torx® head screw 2) Front arrow label
Install the rear crossbar in the same manner as the front crossbar. NOTE The rear crossbar should be positioned 6 inches (150 mm) forward of the rear radius in the roof rail.
Do not carry cargo on the roof when the cross- bars are removed. Luggage on the roof will be
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Driving tips
Trailer hitch (if equipped)
The trailer hitch is designed to tow a Class 1 rated load. When you tow a trailer, follow the instructions in the next section “Trailer towing”.
ceiver, the trailer could get loose and create a traffic safety hazard. y Use only the ball mount supplied with this hitch. Use the hitch only as a weight carrying hitch. Do not use with any type of weight dis- tributing hitch.
y Never exceed the maximum weight specified for the trailer hitch. Exceeding the maximum weight could cause an accident resulting in se- rious personal injuries. Permissible trailer weight changes depending on the situation. Re- fer to the next section “Trailer towing” for pos- sible recommendations and limitations. y Trailer brakes are required when the towing load exceeds 1,000 lbs. (453 kg). Be sure your trailer has safety chains and that each chain will hold the trailer’s maximum gross weight. Towing trailers without safety chains could cre- ate a traffic safety hazard if the trailer separates from the hitch due to coupling damage or hitch ball damage. y Be sure to check the hitch pin and safety pin for positive locking placement before towing a trailer. If the ball mount comes off the hitch re-
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Connecting a trailer 1. Remove the receiver cover from the hitch receiver tube. Then insert the ball mount into the hitch receiver tube.
2. Insert the hitch pin into the hole on the hitch receiv-
HS8011BA
er tube so that the pin passes through the ball mount.
Driving tips
3. Insert the safety pin securely into the hitch pin. 4. Pull the ball mount to make sure it does not come off the hitch receiver.
HS8012BA
HS8013BB
1) Hitch ball installation point 2) Hooks for safety chains
5. Use only a hitch ball that is appropriate for the ball mount and your trailer. The hitch ball must be securely installed on the ball mount. 6. Connect your trailer to the hitch ball. 7. Connect the trailer and the hitch with safety chains that will hold the trailer’s maximum gross weight. The chains should cross under the trailer tongue to prevent the tongue from dropping onto the ground in case it should disconnect from the hitch ball. Allow sufficient slack in the chains taking tight-turn situations into ac- count; however, be careful not to let them drag on the
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Driving tips
ground.
Do not connect safety chains to part of the ve- hicle other than the safety chain hooks.
NOTE Always disconnect the trailer wire harness before launching or retrieving a watercraft.
When you do not tow a trailer y Remove the ball mount from the hitch receiver tube and insert the receiver cover onto the hitch receiver tube. y Place the dust cap over the fou-pin connector of the hitch wire harness to protect against possible damage. y Occasionally lubricate terminals of the four-pin con- nector using terminal grease.
HS8015BA
Hitch harness connector
8. Connect the hitch wire harness’s black four-pin wire connector to the towing trailer’s wire harness 9. Confirm proper function of the hitch wire harness by individually activating the brake, right turn signal, left turn signal, stop, and parking lights on the trailer.
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Trailer towing
Your car is designed and intended to be used primarily as a passenger-carrying vehicle. Towing a trailer puts additional loads on your car’s engine, drivetrain, brakes, tires and suspension and has an adverse ef- fect on fuel economy. If you do decide to tow a trailer, your safety and satis- faction depend upon proper use of correct equipment and cautious operation of your vehicle. Seek the ad- vice of your SUBARU dealer to assist you in purchas- ing a hitch and other necessary towing equipment appropriate for your vehicle. In addition, be sure to fol- low the instructions on correct installation and use pro- vided by the trailer and other towing equipment manufacturers. SUBARU assumes no responsibility for injuries or ve- hicle damage that result from trailer towing equipment, or from any errors or omissions in the instructions ac- companying such equipment or for your failure to fol- low the proper instructions.
Warranties and maintenance SUBARU warranties do not apply to vehicle damage or malfunction caused by trailer towing. If you use your vehicle to tow a trailer, more frequent maintenance will be required due to the additional load. (Refer to “Main-
Driving tips
tenance schedule under severe driving conditions” in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.) Under no circumstances should a trailer be towed with a new vehicle or a vehicle with any new powertrain component (engine, transmission, differential, wheel bearings, etc.) for the first 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of driving.
Maximum load limits
Never exceed the maximum load limits ex- plained below. Exceeding the maximum load limits could cause personal injury and/or vehi- cle damage.
y Adequate size trailer brakes are required when the trailer and its cargo exceed 1,000 lbs (453 kg) total weight. y Before towing a trailer, check the trailer total weight, GVW, GAWs and tongue load. Make sure the load and its distribution in your vehicle
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Driving tips
and trailer are acceptable.
T Total trailer weight
HS8016AA
Total trailer weight
The total trailer weight (trailer weight plus its cargo load) must never exceed the maximum weight shown below.
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Model
Conditions
MT models When towing a trailer
without brakes.
When towing a trailer with brakes.
AT models When towing a trailer
without brakes.
When towing a trailer with brakes.
When towing a trailer on a long uphill grade continuously for over 5 miles (8 km) with an outside temperature of 104° F (40° C) or above.
Maximum total trailer
weight
1,000 lbs (453 kg)
2,400 lbs (1,087 kg)
1,000 lbs (453 kg)
2,000 lbs (906 kg)
1,000 lbs (453 kg)
T Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) and Gross Vehicle
Weight Rating (GVWR)
Driving tips
HS8017AA
Certification label
HS8007BA
GVWR is shown on the certification plate located on the driver’s side door jamb.
Gross Vehicle Weight
The Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) must never exceed the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) is the combined total of the weight of the vehicle, driver, passengers, luggage, trailer hitch, trailer tongue load and any other optional equipment installed on your vehicle. Therefore, the GVW changes depending on the situation. Determine the GVW each time before going on a trip by putting your vehicle and trailer on a vehicle scale.
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Driving tips
T Gross Axle Weight (GAW) and Gross Axle
Weight Rating (GAWR)
Be sure that all cargo is firmly secured to prevent a change in weight distribution while driving. T Tongue load
HS8018AA
Gross Axle Weight
The total weight applied to each axle (GAW) must nev- er exceed the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). The front and rear GAWs can be adjusted by relocating passengers and luggage inside the vehicle. The front and rear GAWR are also shown on the certification plate. To check both GVWR and GAWR and to confirm that the total weight and weight distribution are within safe driving limits, you should have your vehicle and trailer weighed at a commercial weighing station.
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HS8019AA
Tongue load
Ensure that the trailer tongue load is from 8 to 11 per- cent of the total trailer weight and does not exceed the maximum value of 200 lbs (90 kg).
2
Driving tips
60%
40%
50% 50%
HS8020BB
HS8021BB
1) Jack 2) Bathroom scale
The tongue load can be weighed with a bathroom scale as shown in the illustration above. When weigh- ing the tongue load, be sure to position the towing cou- pler at the height at which it would be during actual towing, using a jack as shown.
F: Front of vehicle
The tongue load can be adjusted by proper distribution of the load in the trailer. Never load the trailer with more weight in the back than in the front; approximate- ly 60 percent of the trailer load should be in the front and approximately 40 percent in the rear. Also, distrib- ute the load as evenly as possible on both the left and right sides. Be sure that all cargo is firmly secured to prevent a change in weight distribution while driving.
If the trailer is loaded with more weight in the – CONTINUED –
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Driving tips
back of trailer’s axle than in the front, the load is taken off the rear axle of the towing vehicle. This may cause the rear wheels to skid, espe- cially during braking or when vehicle speed is reduced during cornering, resulting in over- steer, spin out and/or jackknifing.
Trailer hitches Choose a proper hitch for your vehicle and trailer. The use of a genuine SUBARU trailer hitch is recom- mended. A genuine SUBARU hitch is available from your SUBARU dealer. If use of a non-genuine hitch is unavoidable, be sure the hitch is suited to your vehicle and trailer. Consult with a professional hitch supplier to assist you in choosing an appropriate hitch for your vehicle. Be sure to follow all of the hitch manufacturer’s instructions for installation and use. Never use a hitch that mounts only to the rear bumper. The bumper is not designed to handle that type of load. For all types of hitches, regularly check that the hitch mounting bolts and nuts are tight.
8-30
Never drill the frame or under-body of your ve- hicle to install a commercial trailer hitch. If you do, dangerous exhaust gas, water or mud may enter the passenger compartment through the drilled hole. Exhaust gas contains carbon mon- oxide, a colorless and odorless gas which is dangerous, or even lethal, if inhaled. Also, drill- ing the frame or under-body of your vehicle could cause deterioration of strength of your vehicle and cause corrosion around the drilled hole.
y Do not modify the vehicle exhaust system, brake system, or other systems when installing a hitch or other trailer towing equipment. y Do not use axle-mounted hitches as they can cause damage to the axle housing, wheel bear- ings, wheels or tires.
Driving tips
Connecting a trailer T Trailer brakes If your trailer’s total weight (trailer weight plus its cargo weight) exceeds 1,000 lbs (453 kg), the trailer is re- quired to be equipped with its own brake system. Elec- tric brakes or surge brakes are recommended, and must be installed properly. Check that your trailer’s brakes conform with Federal, state/province and/or other applicable regulations. Your SUBARU’s brake system is not designed to be tapped into the trailer’s hydraulic brake system. Please ask your SUBARU dealer and professional trailer supplier for more infor- mation about the trailer’s brake system.
T Trailer safety chains In case the trailer hitch connector or hitch ball should break or become disconnected, the trailer could get loose and create a traffic safety hazard. For safety, always connect the towing vehicle and trailer with trailer safety chains. Pass the chains cross- ing each other under the trailer tongue to prevent the trailer from dropping onto the ground in case the trailer tongue should disconnect from the hitch ball. Allow sufficient slack in the chains taking tight-turn situations into account; however, be careful not to let them drag on the ground. For more information about the safety chain connec- tion, refer to the instructions for your hitch and trailer.
y Adequate size trailer brakes are required when the trailer and its cargo exceed 1,000 lbs (453 kg) total weight. y Do not directly connect your trailer’s hydrau- lic brake system to the hydraulic brake system in your vehicle. Direct connection would cause the vehicle’s brake performance to deteriorate and could lead to an accident.
Always use safety chains between your vehicle and the trailer. Towing a trailer without safety chains could create a traffic safety hazard if the trailer separates from the hitch due to coupling damage or hitch ball damage.
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Driving tips
T Side mirrors
HS8022BA
After hitching a trailer to your vehicle, check that the standard side mirrors provide a good rearward field of view without significant blind spots. If significant blind spots occur with the vehicle’s standard side mirrors, use towing mirrors that conform with Federal, state/ province and/or other applicable regulations. T Trailer lights Connection of trailer lights to your vehicle’s electrical system requires modifications to the vehicle’s lighting circuit to increase its capacity and accommodate wir- ing changes. To ensure the trailer lights are connected properly, please consult your SUBARU dealer. Check
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for proper operation of the turn signals, the brake lights and parking lights each time you hitch up.
Direct splicing or other improper connection of trailer lights may damage your vehicle’s electri- cal system and cause a malfunction of your ve- hicle’s lighting system.
T Tires Make sure that all the tires on your vehicle are properly inflated to the pressure specified on the tire placard lo- cated on the driver’s side center pillar.
Trailer tire condition, size, load rating and proper infla- tion pressure should be in accordance with the trailer manufacturer’s specifications.
Trailer towing tips
y Never exceed 45 mph (72 km/h) when towing a trailer in hilly country on hot days. y When towing a trailer, steering, stability, stopping distance and braking performance
will be different from normal operation. For safety’s sake, you should employ extra caution when towing a trailer and you should never speed. You should also keep the following tips in mind:
T Before starting out on a trip y Check that the vehicle and vehicle-to-hitch mount- ing are in good condition. If any problems are appar- ent, do not tow the trailer. y Check that the vehicle sits horizontally with the trail- er attached. If the vehicle is tipped sharply up at the front and down at the rear, check the total trailer weight, GVW, GAWs and tongue load again, then con- firm that the load and its distribution are acceptable. y Check that the tire pressures are correct. y Check that the vehicle and trailer are connected properly. Confirm that
– the trailer tongue is connected properly to the hitch ball. – the trailer lights connector is connected properly and trailer’s brake lights illuminate when the vehi- cle’s brake pedal is pressed, and that the trailer’s turn signal lights flash when the vehicle’s turn signal lever is operated. – the safety chains are connected properly.
Driving tips
– all cargo in the trailer is secured safety in position. – the side mirrors provide a good rearward field of view without a significant blind spot.
y Sufficient time should be taken to learn the “feel” of the vehicle/trailer combination before starting out on a trip. In an area free of traffic, practice turning, stopping and backing up. T Driving with a trailer y You should allow for considerably more stopping distance when towing a trailer. Avoid sudden braking because it may result in skidding or jackknifing and loss of control. y Avoid abrupt starts and sudden accelerations. If your vehicle has a manual transmission, always start out in first gear and release the clutch at moderate en- gine revolution. y Avoid uneven steering, sharp turns and rapid lane changes. y Slow down before turning. Make a longer than nor- mal turning radius because the trailer wheels will be closer than the vehicle wheels to the inside of the turn. In a tight turn, the trailer could hit your vehicle. y Crosswinds will adversely affect the handling of your vehicle and trailer, causing sway. Crosswinds can be due to weather conditions or the passing of large trucks or buses. If swaying occurs, firmly grip the steering wheel and slow down immediately but gradu- – CONTINUED –
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Driving tips
ally. y When passing other vehicles, considerable dis- tance is required because of the added weight and length caused by attaching the trailer to your vehicle.
HS8023BB
1) Left turn 2) Right turn
y Backing up with a trailer is difficult and takes prac- tice. When backing up with a trailer, never accelerate or steer rapidly. When turning back, grip the bottom of the steering wheel with one hand and turn it to the left for a left turn, and turn it to the right for a right turn. y If the ABS warning light illuminates while the vehicle is in motion, stop towing the trailer and have repairs
8-34
performed immediately by the nearest SUBARU deal- er. T Driving on grades y Before going down a steep hill, slow down and shift into lower gear (if necessary, use 1st gear) in order to utilize the engine braking effect and prevent overheat- ing of your vehicle’s brakes. Do not make sudden downshifts. y When driving uphill in hot weather, the air condition- er may turn off automatically to protect the engine from overheating. y When driving uphill in hot weather, pay attention to the water temperature gauge pointer (for all vehicles) and AT OIL TEMP warning light (for AT vehicles) since the engine and transmission are relatively prone to overheating under these conditions. If the water tem- perature gauge pointer approaches the OVERHEAT zone or the AT OIL TEMP warning light illuminates, immediately switch off the air conditioner and stop the vehicle at the nearest safe place. Refer to the “Engine overheating” section in chapter 9, and “Warning and indicator lights” section in chapter 3. y If your vehicle has an automatic transmission, avoid using the accelerator pedal to stay stationary on an uphill slope instead of using the parking brake or foot brake. That may cause the transmission fluid to over- heat. Also, if your vehicle is equipped with an automat-
ic transmission, avoid driving with the gear selector lever in “D” when towing a heavy trailer to prevent fluid overheating. A lower gear should be used. T Parking on a grade Always block the wheels under both vehicle and trailer when parking. Apply the parking brake firmly. You should not park on a hill or slope. But if parking on a hill or slope cannot be avoided, you should take the following steps: 1. Apply the brakes and hold the pedal down. 2. Have someone place wheel blocks under both the vehicle and trailer wheels. 3. When the wheel blocks are in place, release the regular brakes slowly until the blocks absorb the load. 4. Apply the regular brakes and then apply the park- ing brake; slowly release the regular brakes. 5. Shift into 1st or reverse gear (manual transmission) or “P” (automatic transmission) and shut off the en- gine.
Driving tips
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Specifications
12-2
Specifications ............................................... 12-2
Dimensions ..................................................... 12-3
Engine .............................................................. 12-3
Electrical system ............................................ 12-4
Capacities ........................................................ 12-4
Tires ................................................................. 12-5
Wheel alignment ............................................. 12-6
Fuses and circuits ....................................... Fuse panel located behind the coin tray ...... 12-6
Fuse panel located in the engine compartment 12-8
Bulb chart ..................................................... 12-9
Vehicle identification ................................... 12-1012
12-1
Specifications
SpecificationsSpecifications
These specifications are subject to change without notice.
2.5-liter
AWD
XS
in (mm)
Automatic transmission
Manual
transmission
Automatic transmission
Manual
transmission
175.2 (4450) 68.3 (1735) 62.6 (1590) 99.4 (2525) 58.9 (1495) 58.5 (1485) 7.5 (190)
Dimensions
Item
Drive system Transmission type
Overall length Overall width Overall height Wheel base Tread
Ground clearance*1
Front Rear
*1: Measured with vehicle empty
12-2
Engine
Engine model Engine type Displacement cu in. (cc) Bore × Stroke in. (mm) Compression ratio Firing order
Electrical system
Battery type and capacity (5HR)
Manual transmission Automatic transmission
Alternator Spark plugs
Specifications
Horizontally opposed, liquid cooled 4 cylinder, 4-stroke gasoline engine
EJ251 (2.5-liter, SOHC)
150 (2,457)
3.92 x 3.11 (99.5 x 79.0)
10.0 : 1
1 – 3 – 2 – 4
12V-48AH (55D23L) 12V-52AH (75D23L)
12V – 90A
RC10YC4 (Champion)
BKR6E-11 (NGK) BKR5E-11 (NGK)
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12-3
Specifications
Capacities
Fuel tank Engine oil Transmission oil
AT differential gear oil Rear differential Power steering gear fluid Engine coolant
Manual transmission Automatic transmission
Manual transmission Automatic transmission
Tires
Tire size Wheel size Pressure
12-4
Front
Rear
Light load Full load Light load Full load Trailer towing
15.9 US gal (60 liters, 13.2 Imp gal)
4.2 US qt (4.0 liters, 3.5 Imp qt) 3.7 US qt (3.5 liters, 3.1 Imp qt) 9.8 US qt (9.3 liters, 8.2 Imp qt) 1.3 US qt (1.2 liter, 1.1 Imp qt) 0.8 US qt (0.8 liter, 0.7 Imp qt) 0.7 US qt (0.7 liter, 0.6 Imp qt) 7.3 US qt (6.9 liters, 6.1 Imp qt) 7.2 US qt (6.8 liters, 6.0 Imp qt)
P215/60R16 94H
16 x 61/2 JJ
29 psi (200 kPa, 2.0 kg/cm2) 29 psi (200 kPa, 2.0 kg/cm2) 28 psi (190 kPa, 1.9 kg/cm2) 36 psi (250 kPa, 2.5 kg/cm2) 41 psi (280 kPa, 2.8 kg/cm2)
Wheel alignment
Drive system Toe
Camber
Item
Front Rear Front Rear
XS
AWD
0 ± 0.12 in (0 ± 3 mm) 0.08 ± 0.12 in (2 ± 3 mm)
–0° 25’ ± 45’ –0° 50’ ± 45’
Specifications
– CONTINUED –
12-5
Specifications
Fuses and circuits
Fuse panel located behind the coin
tray
10
11
12
13 14
15 16
17
18 19
20 21 22 23
HSC001BB
12-6
Fuse panel
Fuse rating
Circuit
10
11
15A
15A
15A
20A
10A
15A
15A
20A
15A
Empty
15A
y Heater fan
y Heater fan
y Power door lock y Remote keyless entry
y Cigarette lighter y Remote controlled rear
view mirrors
y Tail light y Parking light
y SRS airbag
y Fog light
y ABS solenoid
y Radio
y Engine ignition system y SRS airbag y AT control system
Fuse panel
Fuse rating
Circuit
Fuse panel
Fuse rating
Circuit
Specifications
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
10A
10A
10A
30A
20A
15A
15A
20A
Empty
Empty
10A
y Illumination brightness
control
y Combination meter y SRS lamp
y Rear window wiper and
washer
y Windshield wiper and
washer
y Brake light
y Air conditioner
y Backup light y Cruise control
y Outside mirror
defogger
y ABS ignition
23
20A
y Power outlet (cargo) y Seat heater
– CONTINUED –
12-7
Specifications
Fuse panel located in the engine com-
partment
9 10 11 12
6 7 8
1 2
HSC002BB
A) FWD socket B) Main fuse
12-8
Fuse panel
Fuse rating
Circuit
10
11
12
20A
20A
30A
20A
15A
15A
10A
10A
15A
15A
20A
15A
y Radiator cooling fan
(Main)
y Radiator cooling fan
(Sub)
y ABS motor
y Rear window defogger
y Hazard warning flasher y Horn
y Turn signal lights
y Automatic
transmission control unit
y Alternator
y Headlight (right side)
y Headlight (left side)
y Lighting switch
y Clock y Interior light
Bulb chart
Bulb type
Wattage Description 12V-60/55W HB2
Headlight 12V-55W — Front fog light 12V-21W 1474
Front turn signal 168
Parking light 12V-5W Side marker light (Front) 12V-5W 168
Rear combination lightTail/stop light Back-up light
Tail/stop light Turn signal
12V-21/5W 7443
12V-21W 1474
(Amber) 12V-21/5W 7443
12V-16W 921
12V-13W 912
High mount stop light 168
License plate light 12V-5W Cargo compartment light 12V-5W — 12V-1.4W — Front ashtray light — 12V-8W Doom light Map light 12V-8W —Specifications
– CONTINUED –
12-9
1) Vehicle identification number 2) Emission control label 3) Vacuum hose connections label 4) Vehicle identification number
plate
5) Tire inflation pressure plate 6) Certification plate 7) Bar cord label (USA only) 8) Model number plate
Specifications
Vehicle identification
12-10
HSC000BB
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
Uniform tire quality grading standards ...... Treadwear ........................................................ Traction AA, A, B, C ........................................ Temperature A, B, C ....................................... Reporting safety defects (USA) ..................
13-2
13-2
13-2
13-3
13-413
13-1
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
For U.S.A. The following information has been compiled accord- ing to Code of Federal Regulations “Title 49, Part 575”.
Uniform tire quality grading stan- dards
This information indicates the relative performance of passenger car tires in the area of treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. This is to aid the consum- er in making an informed choice in the purchase of tires. Quality grades can be found where applicable on the tire sidewall between tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
The quality grades apply to new pneumatic tires for use on passenger cars. However, they do not apply to deep tread, winter type snow tires, space-saver or temporary use spare tires, tires with nominal rim diam- eters of 12 inches or less, or to some limited produc- tion tires.
Requirements in addition to these grades.
Treadwear The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and one-half (1-1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and may depart significantly from the norm due to variations in driving habits, service prac- tices and differences in road characteristics and cli- mate.
Traction AA, A, B, C The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B and C. Those grades represent the tire's ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance.
All passenger car tires must confirm to Federal Safety
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based
13-2
on straight-ahead braking traction tests, and does not include acceleration, cornering, hy- droplaning, or peak traction characteristics.
sible tire failure.
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
Temperature A, B, C The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a level of perfor- mance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of perfor- mance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.
The temperature grade for this tire is estab- lished for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and pos-
– CONTINUED –
13-3
Consumer information and Reporting safety defects
Reporting safety defects (USA)
If you believe that your vehicle has a defect which could cause a crash or could cause in- jury or death, you should immediately inform the National Highway Traffic Safety Admin- istration (NHTSA) in addition to notifying Subaru of America, Inc. If NHTSA receives similar complaints, it may open an investigation, and if it finds that a safety defect exists in a group of vehicles, it may order a recall and remedy campaign. However, NHTSA cannot become involved in individual problems between you, your dealer, or Subaru of America, Inc. To con- tact NHTSA, you may either call the Auto Safety Hotline toll-free at 1-800-424-9393
(or 366-0123 in the Washington D.C. area) or write to: NHTSA, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. 20590. You can also obtain other information about motor vehicle safety from the Hotline.13-4
Index
14
14-1
Index
ABS ................................................................
7-22
Warning light ...................................... 3-12, 7-23
6-9
Accessory power outlet .................................. Active head restraint ....................................... 1-7
Air cleaner element ........................................ 11-19
Air filtration system ......................................... 4-18
Aluminum wheel ............................................. 11-44
10-3
Aluminum wheel Cleaning .............................. Ambient temperature gauge ........................... 3-9
Antenna system ............................................. 5-2
Anti-lock brake warning light (ABS) ........ 3-12, 7-23
Arming the system .......................................... 2-14
6-14
Ashtray ........................................................... 5-3
Audio set ........................................................ Auto-dimming mirror/compass ....................... 3-29
Automatic/Emergency Locking Retractor1-14
(A/ELR) ....................................................... 4-10
Automatic climate control system.................... 7-14
Automatic transmission .................................. Capacities .................................................. 12-4
Fluid ........................................................... 11-24
Selector lever ............................................. 7-15
7-18
Shift lock release ....................................... Temperature warning (AT OIL TEMP) ....... 3-1214-2
Battery ............................................................. 11-49
9-9
2-9Jump starting .............................................. Replacing (remote keyless entry) ...............
Brake
Booster ....................................................... 11-32
Fluid ............................................................ 11-30
Pad and lining ............................................. 11-36
Parking ....................................................... 11-37
Pedal .......................................................... 11-33
System ....................................................... 7-21
Warning light .............................................. 3-13
Braking ............................................................ 7-21
Braking tips ..................................................... 7-21
Brake pedal ..................................................... 11-33
Free play .................................................... 11-33
Reserve distance ........................................ 11-33
Breaking-in of new brake pads and linings ..... 11-36
BulbChart ........................................................... 12-9
Replacing ................................................... 11-54Capacities ....................................................... 12-4
Cargo area cover (if equipped) ....................... 6-16
Cargo area light ............................................... 6-2
Cargo tie-down hooks ..................................... 6-18Center console ............................................... Charge warning light ...................................... CHECK ENGINE warning light/Malfunction
indicator lamp ............................................. Child restraint systems ................................... Installation with seatbelt ............................ Top tether anchorages .............................. Child safety locks ........................................... Chime
6-5
3-113-10
1-30
1-33
1-38
2-203-3
Key ............................................................ Seat belt .............................................. 1-15, 3-9
6-11
3-16Cigarette lighter socket ................................... Clock .............................................................. Clutch (MT)
Fluid ........................................................... 11-31
Pedal ......................................................... 11-34
6-16
Coat hook ....................................................... 6-7
Coil tray .......................................................... Convenience net ............................................ 6-7
Coolant ........................................................... 11-15
Cooling system ............................................... 11-14
10-4
Corrosion protection ....................................... Cruise control ................................................. 7-31
3-15
Cruise control indicator light ........................... Cup holders ..................................................... 6-8Index
6-6
3-19Dashboard storage compartment ................... Daytime running light system ......................... Differential gear oil
Front (AT vehicles) .................................... 11-26
Rear ........................................................... 11-27
12-2
Dimensions ..................................................... 2-16
Disarming the system ..................................... 7-22
Disc brake pad wear warning indicators ......... 6-2
Dome light ...................................................... 2-3
Door locks ...................................................... Door open warning light ................................. 3-14
Drive belt ........................................................ 11-21
Driving in foreign country ................................ 8-5
7-13, 8-6
Driving tips...............................................Electronic brake force distribution (EBD) system 7-25
Emergency locking retractor (ELR) ................ 1-14
Engine11-8
Compartment overview .............................. 8-3
Exhaust gas (carbon monoxide) ................ 11-5
Hood .......................................................... Oil .............................................................. 11-9
Coolant ...................................................... 11-15
Overheating ............................................... 9-12
7-9
Starting ......................................................14-3
Index
Stopping .................................................... Exterior care ...................................................
7-11
10-2Flat tires ................................................. Floor mat ........................................................ Fluid level
9-3, 9-5
6-15Automatic transmission ............................. 11-24
Brake ......................................................... 11-30
Clutch (MT vehicles) .................................. 11-31
Power steering ........................................... 11-29
Fog light switch ............................................... 3-21
Front differential gear oil (AT vehicles) ........... 11-26
1-27
Front seatbelt pretensioners ........................... 1-2
Front seats ..................................................... Fore and aft adjustment ............................. 1-3
1-4
Reclining .................................................... 3-15
Front-wheel drive warning light (AT vehicles) . 7-2
Fuel ................................................................ Economy hints ........................................... 8-2
7-4
Filler lid and cap ........................................ 3-7
Gauge ........................................................ Requirements ............................................ 7-2
Fuses ............................................................. 11-50
Fuses and circuits .......................................... 12-614-4
GAWR ............................................................. 8-16
Glove box ........................................................ 6-5
Gross axle weight rating .................................. 8-16
Gross vehicle weight rating ............................. 8-16
GVWR ............................................................. 8-16Hazard warning flasher ................................... 3-5
Headlights ....................................................... 3-17
Headrest adjustment ....................................... 1-10
Headlight flasher ............................................. 3-18
Heater operation ............................................. 4-6
High beam indicator light ................................. 3-15
Hill holder ................................................ 7-29, 11-35
Horn ................................................................ 3-343-2
Ignition switch .................................................. Illuminated entry .............................................. 2-8
Illumination brightness control ......................... 3-20
Indicator light ................................................... 3-9
Inside mirror .................................................... 3-29
Interior lights .................................................... 6-2J Jack and jack handle ...................................... Jump starting ..................................................
9-19
9-9Key interlock release (AT vehicles) ................ Keys ............................................................... Key
Number ...................................................... Reminder chime ........................................
Leather seat materials .................................... Light control switch ......................................... Limited slip differential (LSD) .......................... Loading your vehicle ...................................... Lower and tether anchorages ......................... Low fuel warning light ..................................... LSD (limited slip differential) ........................... Lumbar support ..............................................
3-4
2-22-2
3-310-5
3-17
7-20
8-14
1-35
3-14
7-20
1-5Main fuse ........................................................ 11-53
MaintenancePrecautions ................................................ Schedule ....................................................
11-3
11-3Index
Seatbelt ..................................................... Tools .......................................................... Malfunction indicator lamp .............................. Manual climate control system ........................ Manual transmission ......................................
1-26
9-19
3-10
4-4
7-11
Oil .............................................................. 11-22
6-3
Map light ......................................................... 8-25
Maximum load limits ....................................... 3-5
Meters and gears ........................................... 3-29
Mirrors ............................................................ Moonroof ................................................ 2-26, 9-18New vehicle break-in driving ..........................
8-2
3-5
Odometer/Trip meter ...................................... 8-7
Off road driving ............................................... 3-11
Oil pressure warning light ............................... Oil filter ........................................................... 11-10
Oil level11-9
Engine ....................................................... Manual transmission .................................. 11-22
Rear differential ......................................... 11-27
3-31
6-6Outside mirrors ............................................... Overhead console ..........................................
14-5
Index
Parking brake ......................................... 7-27, 11-37
Stroke ........................................................ 11-37
3-21
7-27
8-5Parking light switch ......................................... Parking your vehicle ....................................... Periodic inspections ....................................... Power
2-5
Door locking switches ................................ Steering ..................................................... 7-20
Steering fluid level ..................................... 11-29
2-21
Windows ....................................................Rear
Combination lights ..................................... 11-61
Differential gear oil level ............................ 11-27
Gate ................................................... 2-24, 9-17
1-9
Seats ......................................................... Viscous limited slip differential (LSD) ........ 7-20Rear Window
Defogger switch ......................................... Wiper and washer switch ........................... Remote keyless entry system ........................ Replacing
3-27
3-25
2-6Air cleaner element .................................... 11-19
Battery (remote keyless entry) ................... 2-9
Bulbs ......................................................... 11-5414-6
Transmitters ............................................... 2-10
Rocking the vehicle ......................................... 8-13
Roof rail and crossbar ..................................... 8-17Seatbelts ......................................................... 1-12
SeatbeltMaintenance ............................................... 1-26
Pretensioners ............................................. 1-27
Safety tips ................................................... 1-12
3-9
Warning light and chime .............................Seats
Fabric ......................................................... 10-5
1-8
Heater ......................................................... Seat height adjustment (driver’s side) ............. 1-5
Security system ............................................... 2-14
Selector lever (AT vehicles) ............................ 7-15
Self-leveling rear suspension .......................... 7-34
Shift lock release ............................................. 7-18
Shift position indicator ..................................... 3-15
Shopping bag hook ......................................... 6-18
Snow tires ....................................................... 8-12
Snowy and icy roads ....................................... 8-11
Spark plugs ..................................................... 11-20
Specifications .................................................. 12-2
Speedometer ................................................... 3-5
SRS airbags .................................................... 1-393-10
1-44
1-51
6-4
6-3
1-39
10-63-6
3-8
3-33SRS
Airbag system warning light ....................... Frontal airbag ............................................ Side airbag ................................................ Storage compartments ................................... Sun visors ....................................................... Supplemental restraint system airbag ............ Synthetic leather upholstery ...........................
Tachometer .................................................... Temperature gauge ........................................ Tilt steering wheel .......................................... Tire
Chains ....................................................... 8-13
Inspection .................................................. 11-38
Pressures and wear ................................... 11-38
Replacement ............................................. 11-43
Rotation ..................................................... 11-42
Types ......................................................... 11-37
1-38
9-13
9-15
9-15
9-13Top tether anchorages ................................... Towing ............................................................ All wheels on the ground ........................... Flat-bed truck ............................................. Tie-down hooks .............................................. Trailer
Connecting ................................................
8-31
Hitch .......................................................... Towing ....................................................... Towing tips ................................................ Turn signal indicator lights .............................. Turn signal lever .............................................
Under-floor storage compartment ..................
Index
8-22
8-25
8-32
3-15
3-196-19
Valet mode ..................................................... 2-17
Vanity mirror ................................................... 6-4
Vehicle capacity weight .................................. 8-15
Vehicle identification ....................................... 12-10
Ventilator ........................................................ 4-2Warning and indicator lights ........................... Warning lights
ABS ........................................................... Anti-lock Brake system .............................. AT OIL TEMPerature ................................. Brake system ............................................. Charge ....................................................... CHECK ENGINE ....................................... Door open ..................................................
3-9
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-13
3-11
3-10
3-1414-7
