2008 Saab 9 3 Owners Manual

4 SET/ –: sets the speed and decreases

the set speed

5 RESUME: re-engages the system at the

set speed

The CRUISE indicator light in the main instrument panel comes on when the switch is slid to ON. If you switch off the engine while the cruise control is ON, the system will be ON the next time the engine is started.

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Starting and driving

To reduce the preset speed You can reduce speed in any of the follow- ing ways: (cid:127) Brake to the desired speed. Jog the

control to SET/+ or SET/–.

(cid:127) Jog the control to SET/– to reduce the

speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h).

(cid:127) Hold the control in the SET/– position until

the desired speed is reached.

Temporary increase in speed Accelerate, without shifting down (manual transmission), to exceed the set speed such as for overtaking. When you release the accelerator, the car will return to the set speed. To disengage the system temporarily Slide the switch to the left towards OFF, but only as far as to disengage the cruise con- trol. Allow the switch to spring back.

To re-engage the system Slide the switch to RESUME. The car will return to the previously set speed. Vehicle speed must exceed 15 mph (25 km/h). To disengage the system The system will be disengaged: (cid:127) As soon as the brake or clutch pedal is depressed (cars with manual transmis- sion).

(cid:127) When the switch is slid towards OFF. See also heading "To disengage the system temporarily".

(cid:127) When the switch is slid to OFF. (cid:127) When the TCS/ESP® system is operative. (cid:127) When position N is selected (cars with

automatic transmission).

Braking It is good practice to try your brakes period- ically while driving. This is particularly important when driving in heavy rain, on roads with a lot of surface water, in snow or in salty slush. In such conditions a slight delay in the braking effect may be noticed. To minimize this delay, dry the brakes by applying them lightly now and again. This should also be done after the car has been washed, and in extremely damp weather. To avoid the brakes becoming overheated, such as when negotiating long descents with a drop of several hundred yards (hun- dred metres), select a low gear to utilize the braking effect of the engine. If the car has automatic transmission, select 1st or 2nd gear. You can help to prolong the life of the brakes by thinking ahead and braking harder over short periods, rather than braking more moderately over long stretches.

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173

The brake system provides Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD). This distri- butes the brake pressure between the front and rear wheels, in such a way as to achieve optimum braking performance irrespective of the car’s speed or load. The ABS has a built-in diagnostics function which will switch on the ABS warning light if a fault is detected in the system (see page 82). The following message will appear on the SID (and corresponding symbol on main instrument unit) if a fault is detected:

Antilock brake malfunc. Contact service.

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WARNING

(cid:127) It is prudent to try your brakes from

time to time, especially when driving in heavy rain, through water collected on the road, in snow, on a wet road sur- face or in salty slush. In such condi- tions, the brakes may take longer than normal to take effect. To rectify this, touch the brake pedal periodically to dry the brakes out.

(cid:127) The same applies after the car has

been washed or when the weather is very humid.

(cid:127) Avoid parking the car with wet brakes. Before parking, and if the traffic condi- tions allow, brake quite heavily so that the brake discs and pads warm up and dry.

(cid:127) The brakes are power assisted and it should be kept in mind that the servo unit only provides the power assis- tance when the engine is running.

(cid:127) The brake pressure required when the

engine is off, (e.g. when the car is being towed) is roughly four times the normal pedal force required. The pedal also feels hard and unrespon- sive.

(cid:127) Overheating can cause the brakes to

fade!

ABS brakes

WARNING

(cid:127) The additional safety afforded by the ABS system is not designed to allow drivers to drive faster but to make normal driving safer.

(cid:127) To stop as quickly as possible, without

loss of directional stability, whether the road surface is dry, wet or slippery, press the brake pedal down hard without letting up (do not pump the pedal), declutching simulta- neously, and steer the car to safety.

The Antilock Braking System (ABS) modu- lates the brake pressure to each wheel. The pressure is automatically reduced just before the wheel locks up and then increases again to the point at which the wheel is just about to lock. The wheel sen- sors send information to the brake system’s electronic control module for every 4 or so inches (decimetre) that the car rolls. This information is processed continuously to ensure that the adjustment of the brake pressure will be as exact as possible. Adjustment takes place up to 12 times per second.

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Starting and driving

The ABS system will not reduce the braking distance on loose gravel, snow or ice but, because the wheels cannot lock up, steer- ing control is retained. When the ABS system operates you will feel the brake pedal pulsate and hear a ticking noise, both of which are perfectly normal. Apply the brake pedal with full force (you cannot press too hard), declutch and if nec- essary steer to safety. Do not release the brake pedal before the car has come to a halt or the danger is past! The above is critical. If the road is slippery, the ABS system will operate even when only light pressure is applied to the brake pedal. This means that the driver can brake gently to test the condi- tion of the road and adapt their driving accordingly. It is well worth practising the use of ABS brakes on a skid pad or other suitable facility.

Braking with ABS brakes. Indication that the system is operating: pulsating brake pedal and ticking noise

Braking with ABS – evasive steering

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Traction Control System (TCS) Anti-spin system

WARNING

When driving normally, the TCS system helps to improve the car’s stability, maneuverability and traction under slip- pery road and extreme driving conditions. The TCS must not be regarded as a system to enable the driver to maintain higher speeds. The same precautions must be adopted as normal for safe cor- nering and driving on slippery roads.

How the system works The Traction Control System (TCS) is designed to prevent wheelspin. This enables the car to achieve the best possible grip and, hence, maximum tractive effort, together with greater stability.

The TCS uses information from the ABS wheel sensors to detect when the front (driv- ing) wheels are rotating faster then the rear wheels. If the two front wheels are rotating faster than the rear wheels, the torque from the engine is reduced to eliminate the differ- ence. The process continues until all the wheels are rotating at the same speed. The advantages of the TCS become most apparent when the cohesion between the front wheels and the road surface is so low that one or both of the wheels would lose their grip were the car not equipped with the TCS, e.g.: (cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat-

ing with the front wheels on different surfaces (e.g. one slippery and one dry), the TCS functions like an electronic differ- ential lock, making sure that both wheels rotate at the same speed. The system also functions when the car is reversing. (cid:127) When cornering, if the inside front wheel

rotates faster than the other wheels.

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175

TCS OFF

lights up if:

(cid:127) the system has been switched off

manually. It cannot be switched off if the car is travelling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h).

(cid:127) there is a fault in the ABS system (cid:127) a fault has been detected and the system has therefore been switched off and at the same time the following message is shown on the SID:

Traction control failure. Contact service.

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Starting and driving

TCS indicator When the ignition switch is turned to the ON position, the lamp is lit for about 4 seconds while the system performs self-diagnosis.

The light comes on when the TCS is operative, that is when one of the wheels has lost its grip. The fact that the TCS is operative indicates that the limit for grip has been exceeded and that the driver must exercise greater care.

Temporarily turning the TCS off The TCS is switched on automatically when the engine is started. It may be necessary to switch off the system if the car has become bogged down, for instance. If a fault is detected in the ABS, the TCS will be switched off automatically. The cruise control system (if active) will automatically be disengaged if the TCS is operative.

Disengage the system in Settings. 1 Select Settings using the steering

wheel buttons,

or

2 Hold the SET button depressed until a

chime sounds.

3 Select TCS. 4 Press the SET button. 5 Select ON or OFF. End by pressing the SET-button. Go back/undo using the CLR-button.

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Electronic Stability Program ESP® Anti-skid system

WARNING

When driving normally, the ESP® system helps to improve the car’s stability and maneuverability under slippery road and extreme driving conditions. The ESP® system must not be regarded as a system to enable the driver to maintain higher speeds. The same precautions must be adopted as normal for safe cornering and driving on slippery roads must be adopted.

The ESP® system employs both the antilock braking system (ABS) and the trac- tion control system (TCS). It is a system that helps the driver to stabilize the car in unusual circumstances that can otherwise be more difficult to handle.

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177

How the ESP® system works The ESP® system can help to prevent the car from skidding by braking one or several wheels independently of the driver. The engine output is then also reduced to pre- vent the driving wheels from spinning. The car has sensors that measure wheel speed, yaw rate, lateral acceleration, steering wheel position and braking pressure. The values provided by these sensors are used to calculate the actual direction of the car, the intentions of the driver and whether the ESP® system should be engaged. If this direction does not agree with that intended by the driver, calculated from the steering wheel position, the ESP® system is engaged. The ESP® system improves the driver’s chances of retaining control over the car in a critical situation.

Illustration of how the system applies the brakes on one or several wheels in order to reduce the likelihood of the car skidding

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Starting and driving

178
ESP® system OFF

lights up if:

(cid:127) the system is turned off manually. The car

must be travelling slower than 35 mph (60 km/h). The TCS is also disengaged.

(cid:127) a fault is detected in the ABS-system (cid:127) a fault has been detected in the system

and the system has therefore been switched off. The following message will be displayed on the SID:

Stability control failure. Contact service.

ESP® system indicator light When the ignition switch is turned to the ON position, the lamp is lit for about 4 seconds while the system performs self-diagnosis. The time when the ESP® system is operative. Operation of the ESP® system indicates reduced cohesion between the tires and the road, and that extra care should be taken by the driver during continued driving.

light comes on for a short period of

Temporarily turning ESP® system off The ESP® is switched on automatically when the engine is started. It may be necessary to switch off the system if the car has become bogged down, for instance. The ESP® system is always engaged during braking, even if it has been switched off manually with the ESP® button. The cruise control system (if active) will automatically be disengaged if the ESP® system is operative.

NOTE

Changes to the chassis, such as a change of wheels, shock absorbers or springs, could affect the function of the ESP® system. Always consult a workshop before chang- ing any chassis components. We recom- mend that you contact a Saab dealer.

Disengage the system in Settings. 1 Select Settings using the steering

wheel buttons,

or

2 Hold the SET button depressed until a

chime sounds.

3 Select ESP. 4 Press the SET button. 5 Select ON or OFF. End by pressing the SET-button. Go back/modify using the CLR-button.

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Parking brake

WARNING

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake when

you park the car. If the car is to be left parked for a long time, refer to page 181.

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake

before removing the remote control. (cid:127) Do not use the parking brake while

driving.

(cid:127) Grasp the parking brake lever in such a way that no fingers get trapped when you release the parking brake.

The parking brake lever is situated between the front seats. The brake acts on the rear wheels. When the parking brake is applied, the ment panel will come on. To release the parking brake, lift the lever slightly, pull the release button on the under- side of the lever and lower the lever.

indicator light on the main instru-

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179

Parking

WARNING

(cid:127) Never leave children or pets unat- tended in the car. In warm, sunny weather, the temperature inside the car can reach 160–180 °F (70–80 °C). (cid:127) Park where the vehicle will not create

an obstruction or a hazard to other road users.

(cid:127) Do not park on dry grass or other com-

bustible material. The catalytic con- verter gets very hot and could start a fire.

(cid:127) Apply the parking brake, remove the

remote control and lock the car.

Correct hold

If conditions allow, it is best if the brake pedal is not depressed, or only depressed as little as necessary so as to stop the car from rolling, when the parking brake is applied. To facilitate releasing the parking brake, depress the brake pedal. This is especially appropriate if the car is standing on a hill. If the parking brake is applied when the car starts off, the following message will appear on the SID:

Release park brake.

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Starting and driving

NOTE

Empty the car yourself and bear in mind: (cid:127) Never leave a mobile phone, camera,

computer or similar object visible in the car.

(cid:127) Clothing, packages and bags attract

thieves.

(cid:127) Do not leave small objects such as CDs, sunglasses and coins visible.

(cid:127) If possible, park in a well-lit, conspicu-

ous parking space.

(cid:127) Thieves strike whenever and wher- ever they are given the opportunity.

Parking on a hill When parking on a steep hill, turn the front wheels so that they will be blocked by the curb if the car should move. If the car is parked with one front wheel touching the curb, for example, you may need to turn the steering wheel slightly when you insert the remote control to allow the steering wheel lock to unlock.

1 Downhill with curb.

Turn the wheels toward the curb and edge the car forwards until the wheel lightly touches the curb.

2 Uphill with curb. Turn

the wheels away from the curb and edge the car backward until the wheel lightly touches the curb.

3 Uphill or downhill with- out curb. Turn the wheel towards the edge of the road so that the car, should it move, will not roll towards the middle of the road.

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Long-term parking If the car is not going to be used for some time, e.g. three to four months, the following steps are recommended: (cid:127) Drain the washer fluid reservoir and

hoses.

(cid:127) Wash and wax the car. Clean the rubber

seals on the hood, trunk lid and doors, and lubricate them with glycerol (glycerine).

(cid:127) After washing the car, dry the brake discs to avoid corrosion by taking the car out on the road and applying the brakes a few times.

(cid:127) Fill the fuel tank to prevent condensation

forming in it.

(cid:127) Top up the coolant and check the anti-

freeze before the onset of winter.

(cid:127) Park the car in a dry, covered and

well-ventilated building. Leave the park- ing brake OFF!

(cid:127) Convertible: If the car is stored, the soft

top should be closed.

(cid:127) If necessary, use wheel chocks and leave

the parking brake off.

(cid:127) Disconnect the negative (–) battery lead. If frost is likely to occur during the storage period, remove the battery and store it in a frost-free place.

(cid:127) If it is not possible to stand the car on axle

stands, increase the tire pressure to 43 psi (3 bar).

Leave all the door windows open a crack and cover the car with a non-plastic tarpaulin – not one made of plastic which will not breath.

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Starting and driving

182
Saab Parking Assistance 3333
Saab Parking Assistance

WARNING

Responsibility always lies with the driver when reversing. (cid:127) The parking assistance system can

facilitate parking and reversing.

(cid:127) Bear in mind that small objects, such

as a child lying on the ground, and narrow objects cannot always be detected by the system.

Saab Parking Assistance facilitates parking and reversing. There are four sensors in the rear bumper that detect objects up to 6 ft (1.8 meters) behind the car. If the car is heavily laden, the system may falsely indicate that there is an object within the detection range. This is since the sen- sors are angled towards the ground when the car is tail-heavy.

Area monitored by the sensors seen from the side

Area monitored by the sensors seen from above

The system uses four sensors in the rear bumper. These emit ultrasound signals that bounce back to the sensors off any objects behind the car. The system, however, cannot always detect small or narrow objects, such as a post, since the surface area presented to the car is too small.

The system is activated automatically when reverse is engaged or selected. Audible confirmation is given and the following text is shown on the SID:

Parking assistance active

If a warning message, such as the safety- belt reminder, is shown on the SID when reverse is engaged, the audible signals from the parking assistance system will not be heard since the warning message has priority. When the sensors detect an object within the monitored area, pulses of sound (- - - -) will be heard. The frequency of these pulses

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increases as the car comes closer to the object. If you stop the car with reverse gear engaged, the sound pulse will stop after 2 seconds. The sound pulses will return if you continue to reverse. If the car rolls for- ward while reverse is engaged, the system is silenced. When the distance to the object is less than 1 ft. (30 cm), a continuous tone will be heard. When an object is approximately 3 ft. (90 cm) from the car, the sound pulses change character markedly (frequency increases). A distance of about 3 ft. (90 cm) is suitable if you wish to load or unload the trunk. If the distance between an object and a corner sensor does not change for 3 seconds, for example if you are reversing alongside a wall, the system will switch to monitoring straight back. The system indi- cates if the distance to the wall decreases again. If a trailer is hitched up and correctly con- nected to the trailer contact by the tow bar, the system is automatically deactivated.

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183

Cars with trailer hitch If the car has a trailer hitch and its wiring is correctly connected to the car’s electrical system, the Saab Parking Assistance auto- matically compensates for the protrusion of the tow bar. If a camper or trailer is hitched up and the trailer hitch wiring is correctly connected to the car’s electrics, the system is automati- cally deactivated. You can temporarily deactivate the Saab Parking Assistance as follows: (cid:127) Engage reverse and press the CLR

button on the SID control panel.

The system will be reactivated the next time you engage reverse.

NOTE

The sensors must be kept clean to func- tion well. Ice, snow and dirt can affect their sensitivity. Large quantities of snow or dirt covering the sensors can prevent the parking assistance system from detecting any objects. Do not spray the sensors with a pressure washer, as this can damage them.

Reversing alongside a wall If the distance between an object and a corner sensor does not change for 2 seconds, for example if you are reversing alongside a wall, the system will switch to monitoring straight back. The system indi- cates if the distance to the wall decreases again.

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Starting and driving

Error messages If the system malfunctions, the following message will appear on the SID:

Parking assistance malfunction. Service.

If the system is subject to interference, the following message will be shown on the SID:

Parking assistance sensor interference.

The system can be switched off using Settings. 1 Select Settings using the steering

wheel controls,

or

2 Press and hold the SET button until

given audible confirmation.

3 Select Park Assistance. 4 Press the SET button. 5 Select ON or OFF. 6 Confirm the setting by pressing the SET

button.

If this message appears, clean the sensors. The sensors are located in the black trim on the rear bumper

Park Assistance

ON OFF

Explanation of ON and OFF.

ON

Saab Parking Assistance is activated automatically when reverse is engaged. The system warns of objects behind the car. If a trailer is hitched up and correctly connected to the trailer connector, the system will be deactivated automati- cally. You can also deactivate the sys- tem temporarily with the CLR button if reverse has been engaged and the system is active.

OFF

Saab Parking Assistance deactivated.

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Economical driving Factors affecting fuel consumption The fuel consumption of a car is greatly affected by driving conditions, climate, road conditions, speed, driving technique, etc. Breaking-in Fuel consumption may be somewhat higher during the break-in period (the first 3,000–4,000 miles (5,000–7,000 km)). Weather conditions Summer temperatures give better fuel economy than winter ones. The difference can be as much as about 10%. Consump- tion increases in cold weather because the engine takes longer to reach its normal operating temperature. The transmission and wheel bearings also take longer to warm up. Even distance affects consump- tion: short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km) do not give the engine enough time to reach its optimum temperature. Wind con- ditions also have a marked effect on fuel consumption.

How to read the diagram: If fuel consumption with the engine at normal temperature is 28 mpg (10 l/100 km), the actual fuel consumption 3 miles (5 km) after the engine has started from cold will be: – 23.5 mpg (12 l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 68 °F (+20 °C) (increase of 20 %).

– 17.7 mpg (16 l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 32 °F (0 °C) (increase of 60 %).

– 14 mpg (20 l/100 km) at outside temp. of

–4 °F (–20 °C) (increase of 100 %).

It is clear from the diagram that both dis- tance driven and outside temperature have a significant impact on fuel consumption, after a cold start. If the car is normally driven on short jour- neys, 3–5 miles (5–8 km), for example to and from work, the average consumption will be 60–80% above the normal level.

Starting and driving

185

Percentage increase in fuel consumption of engine starting from cold compared to engine at normal temperature.

Driving techniques (cid:127) To obtain the best running economy, with regard to fuel consumption and general wear, the car must be serviced regularly. (cid:127) High speed, unnecessary acceleration,

frequent braking and much changing down all give higher fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Frequent gear changing in traffic, starting in cold weather, the use of studded tires and roof racks, and towing a camper all increase fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Do not warm up the engine while the car

is stationary. If idling, the engine will take much longer

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Starting and driving

to reach its optimum temperature, and engine wear is at its greatest during this period. Drive off as soon as possible after starting the engine and avoid high engine speeds.

(cid:127) Check the fuel consumption regularly.

Increased fuel consumption can indicate that something is wrong and that the car needs to be checked. We recommend that you contact a Saab dealer.

(cid:127) Drive as smoothly and thoughtfully as

possible. Match your driving to the prevail- ing traffic conditions.

Practical road tests have demonstrated that substantial savings in fuel consumption can be made if the above advice is followed.

(cid:127) Driving in a low gear gives rise to higher

fuel consumption than driving in a high gear because of the higher engine speed for any given road speed. Always shift up as soon as traffic conditions allow and drive in the highest gear as much as possible.

(cid:127) Check the tire pressure once a month.

Incorrect tire pressure increases tire wear. It is preferable for the tire pressure to be slightly high than too low. Under- pressure increases fuel consumption.

WARNING

Never switch off the engine while driving as the effect of the brakes and power steering will be greatly reduced.

Road conditions Wet roads increase fuel consumption, as do unpaved roads and driving in hilly country (the amount of fuel saved driving downhill is less than the additional amount required to climb the hill).

Engine block heater 3333
The following are just some of the benefits to the car and the environment of using an engine block heater: (cid:127) Lower fuel consumption. (cid:127) Reduced wear on the engine. (cid:127) Inside of car warms up faster. (cid:127) Exhaust emissions substantially reduced

over short runs.

The engine heater is effective at outside temperatures up to 60–70 °F (+15 – +20 °C). The warmer it is outside, the shorter the time the engine heater needs to be connected. Longer than 1.5 hours is unnecessary. If the car is equipped with a removable, electric cabin heater that is not in use, store this in the trunk.

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Driving in cold weather In cold weather, special attention should be paid to the following: (cid:127) Before driving off, make sure that the

wiper blades have not frozen to the wind- shield.

(cid:127) Remove any snow from the heating

system air intakes between the hood and the windshield.

(cid:127) If necessary, inject oil into the locks to

prevent them from freezing. Use molyb- denum-sulphide oil (MoS2). If the locks freeze, exercise care when unlocking the car (manual unlocking) to avoid breaking the key. Warm up the key or use a de-icer. (cid:127) It is particularly important when the roads are slippery that the brakes and tires are in good condition.

(cid:127) For how to check the level of antifreeze in

the engine coolant, see page 212.

(cid:127) Add gasoline anti-freeze when refueling several times before the onset of winter. This will prevent condensation water in the fuel tank from freezing and causing interruptions in the fuel supply. The likeli- hood of condensation is lowest when the fuel tank is full. If the car is parked outside and the temperature is below zero, gasoline anti- freeze is of little use as it cannot remove water that has already frozen. Park the car in a warm place so that any ice that may have built up melts, then add gaso- line anti-freeze when refueling. Condensation is caused by temperature fluctuations, either in the outside temper- ature alone or when the car is alternately parked outdoors and in a garage.

(cid:127) Convertible: Avoid operating the soft top

at temperatures below 23 °F (–5 °C).

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187

(cid:127) The car is equipped with tires designed to provide optimum grip on both wet and dry roads, although this has been achieved at the expense of somewhat reduced grip on snow and ice. For regular driving on snow and ice, we therefore recommend that winter tires be fitted. However, winter tires achieve this extra grip at the expense of grip on bare road surfaces.

Winter tires, particularly studded tires, gen- erally make driving safer on snow and ice. Acquaint yourself with the legal provi- sions governing the use of different types of winter tires and snow chains. Studded tires are not allowed in some countries. If winter tires are fitted, the same type must be fitted to all four wheels. Your Saab dealer will be pleased to advise you on the best tires for your car.

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Starting and driving

Remember that tires age: it may therefore be necessary to change winter tires before they reach the legal wear limit, as they grad- ually lose their friction properties with age. If you get into a front wheel skid and the car has a manual transmission, the best response is to freewheel, which means declutching so that the wheels neither drive nor brake, and to cautiously steer in the desired direction. If the car has automatic transmission, ease off the accelerator slightly and steer cau- tiously in the desired direction. If you get into a rear wheel skid, steer in the same direction as the movement of the rear of the car.

Driving with tire chains 3333
Snow chains must only be fitted to the wheel and tire dimensions that Saab recommends in "Technical data" on page 285. We recommend that you contact a Saab dealer regarding approved tire chains. See also page 251.

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not drive at speeds above 30 mph (50 km/h) when tire chains are fitted. (cid:127) Tire chains can reduce directional sta-

bility.

(cid:127) Do not fit tire chains to the car’s rear

wheels.

NOTE

(cid:127) Check the links frequently for wear. (cid:127) Check that the chains do not foul the

wheel arch liner at full lock.

(cid:127) Refer to the "Technical data" section on page 285, for information on wheel and tire dimensions approved for the fitting of tire chains.

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Driving in hot climates Always check the coolant level before start- ing a journey. When the engine is cold, the coolant shall lie on or just above the KALT/COLD mark on the expansion tank (boundary between the upper and lower sections of the tank). At the end of a journey, allow the engine to idle for 2–3 minutes before switching it off. If the needle on the temperature gauge enters the red zone, the following message will be shown on the SID:

Hot engine. Make a safe stop. Idle engine.

1 Stop the car but do not switch off the

engine. Do not remove the cap on the cooling system expansion tank, even if the tank is empty. The engine tempera- ture should decrease. If the temperature continues to rise with the engine idling, the engine must be switched off.

2 If the engine is idling and the needle on the temperature gauge falls, wait until a normal temperature is shown (about in the middle of the scale) before switching off the engine. If the coolant needs to be topped up, carefully unscrew the expansion tank cap. Fill as required with a mixture of 50 % antifreeze and 50 % clean water. Use an antifreeze approved by Saab.

WARNING

(cid:127) Exercise care when opening the hood

if the engine is overheated. Never remove the expansion tank cap com- pletely when the engine is hot.

(cid:127) The cooling system is pressurized - hot coolant and vapour can escape. These can cause injury to your eyes and burns. Open the cap slowly to release the pressure before removing it.

3 Have the car’s cooling system checked. We recommend that you contact a Saab dealer.

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190
Towing a trailer 3333

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not drive with a trailer on inclines steeper than 15 %. The load on the drive (front) wheels will be so low that the wheels can start to spin and pre- vent further progress.

(cid:127) In addition, the car’s parking brake may not always be sufficient to hold the car and trailer securely, as the wheels may start to slide.

(cid:127) Always apply the trailer’s parking

brake when unhitching it. There is oth- erwise a risk of personal injury or damage to the bumper should the trailer start to roll.

(cid:127) When you hitch up the trailer be sure to attach its safety chains to the holes by the hitch.

Make sure you are familiar with the legal requirements regarding speed limits for towing, maximum trailer weights, trailer braking requirements, and also any spe- cial driving licence provisions.

Trailer hitch attachment 3333
Trailer hitch attachments are available as accessories. These are designed for a max- imum trailer weight of 3500 lbs (1588 kg), with trailer brakes. An electrical connection 3 for the towbar and an electrical unit are provided in the electrical center on the left-hand side of the luggage compartment. If the car has a 13-pin Saab genuine electri- cal socket then it is possible to supply a trailer/caravan with rear fog lights and reversing lights. The caravan can also have interior and exterior lighting even when the car’s ignition is switched off. In which case, remember not to load the battery for too long so that it is discharged and pre- vents the car from starting. There is also access to power in the caravan during a journey, the caravan battery can be charged for example. Also, if the car has SPA, this is deactivated automatically if a trailer is hitched up and correctly connected to the Saab genuine trailer socket. Saab recommendations: (cid:127) Use a genuine Saab trailer hitch that is

designed and tested for your Saab.

(cid:127) Contact your Saab dealer for advice on which trailer hitch is designed for your car.

93_US_M08.book Page 191 Friday, May 11, 2007 11:37 AM

NOTE

(cid:127) Only use a towbar that has been approved for your car. We recom- mend that you entrust towbar installa- tion to an authorized Saab dealer, which can also provide important information such as trailer weight. Your authorized Saab dealer has information on how the towbar is to be installed and whether other measures must be undertaken that could affect the cooling system or other equipment

(cid:127) We recommend that you contact a Saab dealer for guidance on how to connect a trailer hitch.

(cid:127) Exercise care when driving on uneven roads or against the curb if the car is heavily laden. This particularly applies to cars with 17" wheels.

Recommendations for cars with automatic transmission The following driving time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in hot weather, i.e. approximately 86°F (+30°C). Gradient of hill, %

Time limit, minutes

Max. trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 3330 (1500) unlimited 3080 (1400) max 15
2645 (1200) max 15
2200 (1000) max 15

The following driving time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in hot weather, i.e. approximately 104°F (+40°C). Gradient of hill, %

Time limit, minutes

Max. trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 2200 (1000) unlimited 1760 (800) max 15
1100 (500) max 15
880 (400) max 15

6-8
9-11
12-14
max 15

6-8
9-11
12-14
max 15

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191

When negotiating long hills, bear the follow- ing important considerations in mind. Rises in coolant temperature are indicated by the temperature gauge in the main instru- ment panel. The following steps are taken in order as the temperature of the transmission increases: (cid:127) Gear change pattern is altered (cid:127) A/C compressor is switched off (cid:127) Max. engine torque is reduced The following message will be displayed on the SID if the transmission fluid becomes too hot:

Gearbox too hot. Make a safe stop. Open hood.

If this message appears, stop the car as soon as it is safe to do so and allow the engine to idle until the message has gone out. The selector lever should be in position P.

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Starting and driving

When continuing your journey, manually select a low gear in which the engine speed is about 3,500 rpm until the incline eases (see page 170).

WARNING

Remember to use engine-braking (selec- tor position M1, M2, or M3) to spare the brakes when you are driving on a long or steep downhill slope. Overheating can cause the brakes to fade!

Recommendations for cars with manual transmission Rises in coolant temperature are indicated by the temperature gauge in the main instru- ment panel. When the needle is just outside the red zone, the A/C compressor will be switched off and, on certain engine variants, the max- imum engine torque will be limited. When continuing your journey, select a low gear in which the engine speed is about 3,500 rpm until the incline eases.

WARNING

Remember to use engine-braking (selec- tor position 1, 2, or 3) to spare the brakes when you are driving on a long or steep downhill slope. Overheating can cause the brakes to fade!

Distribution of load in trailer a Light b Moderate c Heavy

Trailer hitch load The weight distribution on the trailer makes a lot of difference to the handling properties of the car and trailer combination. With a two-wheel trailer, concentrate the load over the wheels and keep it as low as possible. The trailer should be loaded so that the load on the towball is 110–165 lbs. (50–75 kg). Note that this load must be included in the total load for the car. If this now exceeds the specified load capacity, the load in the trunk may have to be reduced by the correspond- ing amount.

Starting and driving

193

Reversing Get someone to help you keep an eye out behind the trailer as the door mirrors do not always provide sufficient rearward vision when reversing.

Driving considerations Always take extra care when towing a trailer, as the car’s handling will be different and its braking performance reduced. The trailer’s braking system and suspension also have a considerable effect on these characteristics. See also "Driving with a load" on page 196. Drive carefully: (cid:127) descending hills (cid:127) on uneven roads (cid:127) over railway crossings (cid:127) when meeting large vehicles If the car has automatic transmission, select gear M1 when ascending or descending steep hills.

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Checks before driving Make sure that the car and trailer are in good working order. This is essential since towing a trailer increases the strain on the car. (cid:127) Check and if necessary adjust the tire

pressure of the car and trailer.

(cid:127) Make sure all wheel bolts are properly

tightened.

(cid:127) Make sure that the equipment joining the

car and trailer is properly secured and adjusted.

(cid:127) Make sure the trailer’s electrical cable is properly connected and is not so long that it drags along the ground. Also, make sure the cable is not too short and risks break- ing when turning a corner.

(cid:127) Check all bulbs. (cid:127) Check the car and trailer brakes. (cid:127) Make sure that all items on or in the

camper or trailer are properly secured.

(cid:127) Make sure that the trailer’s jockey wheel is

raised and locked.

(cid:127) Check the distribution of the load so that

the car and trailer are well balanced.

(cid:127) Check that the rearview mirrors provide

the best possible rearward vision.

(cid:127) Make sure the trailer’s safety cable is

correctly attached.

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194
Driving with a roof rack load

WARNING

(cid:127) A roof load will affect the car’s center

of gravity and aerodynamics. Be aware of this when cornering and driv- ing in crosswinds.

(cid:127) Adjust your speed to the prevailing

conditions.

(cid:127) Due to higher aerodynamics drag, fuel economy may suffer when driving with a roof rack.

The maximum permissible roof load is 220 lbs. (100 kg). Note that the roof load must be included in the car’s maximum per- missible payload and axle load. Strong, sturdy roof carriers designed spe- cially for your car are available from your Saab dealer. Always secure roof loads securely.

Fitting roof carriers 3333

SportSedan and SportCombi without roof rails 1 Open the four covers on the roof of the

car.

2 Insert a screw with washer into each roof carrier foot. Fit a seal onto each screw. 3 The roof carriers are marked front and

back.

4 Bolt the roof carriers to the brackets in

the roof.

5 Check that the roof carriers are firmly

mounted.

Mounting holes for roof carrier

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Fitting roof carriers 3333

SportCombi with roof rails 1 Clean the car’s roof rails. 2 Check the markings on the cross

members to see which is the front and which is the rear roof carrier.

3 Place the cross members on the roof rails, on their respective sides of the centre supports. The cross members must not be placed beyond the front or rear joint on the rail. Ensure that the distance between the cross members is at least 700 mm (27.6 in.). If a roof box is to be fitted, the cross members must be positioned so that the tailgate can be opened fully without hitting the roof box.

Starting and driving

195

4 Using your thumb, press the bracket

so that it lies snugly against the outside of the roof rail. Make sure that the roof carriers are seated centrally on the rubber spacers and that these sit correctly on the roof rail. Pull the spacers down slightly on the inside of the roof rail.

5 Centre the roof carriers so that they

protrude equally on both sides.

6 Tighten the roof carriers by hand.

Ensure that the tightening knobs are upright once the roof carriers have been tightened.

7 Make sure the roof carriers are securely

in place.

Driving with the trunk lid open

WARNING

Avoid driving with the trunk lid partly or fully open, since exhaust fumes can be drawn into the cabin.

If you must drive with the trunk lid open, close all windows and the moonroof (if equipped) and set the cabin fan to its high- est speed setting.

Driving in deep water

NOTE

Do not drive in puddles or water deeper than 7 in. (20 cm) and do not drive faster than 3–4 mph. Water can otherwise be sucked into the engine. The engine will be seriously damaged if water enters the intake system.

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196
Driving with a load The handling characteristics are affected by how the car is loaded.

NOTE

(cid:127) Place the heaviest load as far forward

and as low as possible in the trunk. (cid:127) Secure the load to the lashing eyes

(see page 141).

(cid:127) Heavy loads mean that the car’s

center of gravity is further back. As a result, the car will sway more during evasive steering.

(cid:127) Never exceed the permissible load of the roof box, even if there is room for more.

(cid:127) Ensure that the tire pressure is correct

– slight overinflation is preferable to underinflation.

(cid:127) The braking distance of a loaded car is

always greater. Keep your distance from the vehicle in front.

(cid:127) Do not exceed the car’s permissible

gross vehicle weight or axle load (see page 286).

(cid:127) Roof loads can negatively affect tele-

communication.

For further information on tires see page 244.

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Driving at night Bear in mind the following points, especially when driving at night: (cid:127) Nighttime driving requires your full

concentration

(cid:127) Do not rush. Count on your journey taking

slightly longer.

(cid:127) The number of drivers under the influence of drugs is likely to be greater at night than during the day.

(cid:127) Do not stare at the headlights of oncom-

ing vehicles.

(cid:127) Avoid driving at night if you have poor eyesight. Night vision deteriorates with age.

(cid:127) Keep your car’s headlights, windows and mirrors clean. Also, if you wear glasses, make sure they are clean.

(cid:127) Make sure you are well rested before

starting a long journey. Take a break every other hour.

Towing the car

Front towing eye

WARNING

WARNING

Starting and driving

197

(cid:127) Remember that the brake servo does

not operate when the engine is off. Much greater pressure than normal will therefore be required to operate the brake pedal.

(cid:127) Nor does the steering servo operate when the engine is off. The steering will therefore be much heavier than usual.

(cid:127) The towing vehicle should always be

heavier than the vehicle on tow.

(cid:127) Never allow passengers to ride in the

car when it is on tow.

(cid:127) Always seek professional help if the

car needs to be recovered.

(cid:127) The ignition switch must be in the ON

position if the car is moved with the engine not running.

(cid:127) Make sure that the towing eye is

screwed in tightly. It has a left-hand thread!

(cid:127) The towing eye is only designed for towing the car on roads. It must not be used to pull the car out of a ditch, for example.

(cid:127) Make sure that all bystanders keep a suitable distance, in case the towing eye or tow rope should snap. The towing eye or tow rope could catapult off and cause seriously injury.

(cid:127) Never drive with the towing eye fitted to the front bumper. Return it to its des- ignated storage space.

(cid:127) Only eat light meals. Heavy meals have a

tendency to induce tiredness.

(cid:127) The steering wheel lock must be dis-

engaged before towing the car.

(cid:127) Wild animals prefer to move at dusk and

dawn.

(cid:127) Check the headlight levelling setting (see

page 98).

(cid:127) The steering wheel lock disengages when the remote control is inserted into the ignition switch, if the battery has sufficient charge.

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198

Starting and driving

Front towing eye fitted. The towing eye has a left-hand thread!

Rear towing eye

Never use the towing eyes to pull the car unstuck.

The front towing eye is stowed by the spare wheel. On the left-hand side of the bumper is a cover concealing the attachment point (tapped hole) for the towing eye. 1 Open the cover first at the lower edge with a screwdriver for example. Watch out for the paintwork.

2 Screw in the towing eye. The towing

eye has a left-hand thread!

3 Insert the wheel wrench into the eye to

tighten it properly.

To refit the cover: Start by inserting the top edge of the cover. Then click in the lower edge.

Rear towing eye The car has a permanent towing eye at the rear under the bumper. If the car is equipped with a towbar, this can be used instead of the towing eye.

Towing the car

NOTE

Never use the towing eyes to pull the car unstuck.

Engage neutral (automatic transmission: move the selector lever to N). Turn on the parking lights. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles on tow.

Starting and driving

199

Transporting the car

NOTE

If a car with sports (lowered) chassis is transported, for example on a flat bed truck, take extra care not to damage the spoiler and/or underbody.

93_US_M08.book Page 199 Friday, May 11, 2007 11:37 AM

Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake of the car on tow, as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked violently.

Cars with automatic transmission

NOTE

(cid:127) The car must be towed front first. (cid:127) If the car is to be towed with the front wheels off the ground, make sure the parking brake is off, as this acts on the rear wheels.

Always observe the speed limit for vehicles on tow. Whatever the speed limit, the car must not be towed at speeds exceeding 30 mph (50 km/h) nor for a distance of more than 30 miles (50 km). If the car needs to be transported over a longer distance, a tow truck or flatbed truck must be called out. The engine cannot be started by towing or pushing the car. In an emergency, the engine can be started as described under "Jump starting" on page 200.

Cars with manual transmission Always observe the speed limit for vehicles on tow. There are no speed limit nor for dis- tance.

Attachment points for anchorage straps

Vehicle recovery If the car has to be transported on a flatbed truck, or similar, it must be securely strapped down. There are attachment points for this purpose on the underside of the car. The attachment points are oblong hole that have been reinforced to cope with the stresses that arise during this type of transport.

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Starting and driving

200
Jump starting

WARNING

(cid:127) When working on the battery, highly explosive gas can build up. A spark could ignite this gas that collects around the battery. Therefore, always avoid sparks and open flames in the vicinity of the battery.

(cid:127) The battery contains corrosive sulphu- ric acid. Always wear a face mask or goggles when working on the battery.

(cid:127) If battery acid gets into the eyes or

splashes onto skin or clothing, wash the affected area liberally with water. If acid gets into the eyes or a large quan- tity makes contact with the skin, seek medical help.

NOTE

NOTE

Ignoring these steps could result in costly damage to your vehicle that would not be covered by your warranty. Trying to start your car by pushing or pull- ing it could damage your vehicle, even if you have a manual transmission. If you have an automatic transmission, your vehicle cannot be started by pushing or pulling it.

It is essential when a donor battery is to be used to jump start the car that the jump leads be connected correctly to prevent arcing.

To jump start your vehicle 1 Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.

If the other system is not a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged.

2 Get the vehicles close enough so the

jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles are not touching each other. If a poor connection on the negative jumper cable should exist, it is possible for damage to be caused to electrical systems/components of either vehicle should inadvertent contact be made. You would not be able to start your car and bad grounding could damage the electrical systems.

WARNING

You could be injured if the vehicles roll. Set the parking brake firmly on each vehi- cle. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in Neu- tral.

3 Turn off the ignition on both vehicles.

Turn off lights that are not needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries and it could save your radio.

93_US_M08.book Page 201 Friday, May 11, 2007 11:37 AM

WARNING

Using a match or flame of any kind near a battery can cause battery gas to explode. You can suffer burns or be blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the electrolyte in the battery is not frozen. Discharged batteries will freeze. When connecting jumper cables to a frozen battery, gas from the chemical reaction inside the battery can build up under the ice and cause an explosion. Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Do not get it on you. If you acciden- tally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the area with water and get medical help immediately.

5 Check that the jumper cables do not

have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock and also the vehicles could be damaged. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (–) will go to negative (–). Do not connect (+) to (–) or you will get a short that could injure you or would damage the battery and maybe other parts as well.

6 Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal of the vehicle with the discharged battery.

Jump starting

NOTE

If you leave your radio on, it could be badly damaged. The repairs would not be covered by your warranty.

4 Open the hood and locate the battery. Find the positive (+) and negative (–) termi- nals on the battery.

WARNING

An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

Starting and driving

201

7 Do not let the other end touch metal.

Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one.

8 Now connect the negative (–) cable to

the good battery’s negative terminal.

9 Attach the cable to the discharged

battery’s negative terminal.

10 Start the vehicle with the good battery

and run the engine for a while. 11 Try to start the vehicle with the

discharged battery. If it does not start after a few tries, it probably needs service. Note. If the current in the low battery is too low it might be necessary to wait several minutes with the cables connected before you can start the engine with the low battery.

12 Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take care that they do not touch each other or any other metal.

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202

Starting and driving

Using a battery charger 3333/starter unit To avoid damaging the car’s electrical system and electronics, the following rules must be followed when charging the battery or jump starting the car. (cid:127) If the charger or starter unit can be set to different voltages (6 V/12 V/18 V/24 V), 12V must be selected.

(cid:127) Follow the manufacturer’s instructions supplied with the charger or starter unit. (cid:127) No other apparatus that are grounded or

connected to the mains must be connected to the car during charging or jump starting.

(cid:127) The charger or starter unit must under no

conditions produce a voltage greater than: (cid:127) 16 V continuous (cid:127) 18 V for 60 minutes.

If you are unsure about the charge rating of the unit, disconnect the battery clamp from the positive terminal before connecting the unit to the battery.

For long trips Before starting off on a long journey, it is advisable to have your car inspected by your Saab dealer. Obtain a few important items to take along on your journey, such as spare bulbs, wiper blades, fuses, a drive belt (poly-V-belt) and the like. You can check some points yourself before- hand: (cid:127) Check that no oil or fuel leaks out of the

engine or gearbox/transmission.

(cid:127) Check the coolant and power steering

fluid levels. Check also for leaks.

(cid:127) Inspect the drive belt (poly-V-belt) and

replace if it shows any signs of wear.

(cid:127) Check the battery charge. (cid:127) Check the tires for tread pattern and air pressure, including the compact spare tire.

(cid:127) Take an extra remote control and keep it

separate.

(cid:127) Check the brakes. (cid:127) Check all bulbs. (cid:127) Check for the presence of the tool kit and

jack in the car.

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Car care

203
Car care

Hood ________________ Engine ______________ Engine bay, 4-cyl engine Engine bay, V6 engine _ Engine oil ____________ Air filter______________ Transmission fluid ____ Coolant______________ Brake/clutch fluid and

brake pads__________ Power steering________ Battery ______________ Drive belt ____________ Wipers and washers ___ Wiper blades _________ Changing bulbs _______ Fuses _______________

204 205 208 209 210 211 212 212

214 215 216 219 220 220 222 237

3 Asterisk means: equipment not fitted in all cars (can depend on model variant, engine variant, market specification, options or accessories).

Tires _________________ 244 Automatic tire pressure

monitoring system ____ 257 Compact spare ________ 260 Changing a tire ________ 262 Safety belts ___________ 266 Upholstery and trim ____ 266 Textile carpeting _______ 267 Engine bay____________ 267 Washing ______________ 267 Waxing and polishing ___ 270 Touching up the paint___ 270 Anti-corrosion treatment 271 Recovery and/or

recycling of automotive materials ____________ 273 Air conditioning (A/C) ___ 274

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204
Hood The hood release handle is located on the left under the instrument panel. Open the hood in the following way: 1 Pull the release handle. 2 The hood moves to the half-locked posi- tion and is stopped by a safety catch at the front edge.

3 Press the lever of the catch upwards and

raise the hood.

When you close the hood you should drop it from a height of about 12 inches (30 cm), without slamming it.

Hood release handle

Hood release catch plate

93_US_M08.book Page 205 Friday, May 11, 2007 11:37 AM

Engine Turbo 4-cylinder engine The engine is a transverse four-cylinder in-line engine with twin overhead camshafts and 16 valves. The engine is equipped with two balance- shafts that reduce engine vibrations to a minimum. The balance shafts are chain-driven and rotate at twice the speed of the crankshaft. They produce forces and torques that are opposed to those generated by the pistons and connecting rods. The effect occurs twice in each revolution of the engine, coun- teracting the vibration from its moving parts, and at the same time reducing unwanted engine noise. The gearbox, located on the right (viewed from the front), is integrated with the engine.

Turbo V6 engine The V6 engine is a turbocharged V6 engine produced completely of aluminium with 60° between the cylinder banks, 4 valves per cylinder, 2 camshafts per bank. The camshafts are driven via a chain trans- mission. The engine is equipped with a turbo whose turbine collects exhaust pres- sure from both banks of cylinders. To obtain optimum performance, fuel con- sumption and low emission levels the engine is equipped with CVCP (Continuous Variable Cam Phasing). This means that the engine’s intake camshafts can be adjusted to achieve optimum functionality. The switches are hydraulic.

Car care

205

Engine families Saab cars imported into the United States and Canada meet all applicable emission control standards. The engine family and appropriate tune-up specifications are iden- tified on a label in the engine bay. These engine families meet applicable EPA Federal Standards, California State Stan- dards and Canadian Federal Standards and are equipped with the following systems: (cid:127) sequential multiport fuel injection system (cid:127) three way catalytic converter (cid:127) crankcase emissions control system (cid:127) evaporative emission system.

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206
Emission control systems The systems for controlling emissions to the atmosphere require regular checking and adjustment at the intervals specified in the service program. In addition to meeting the exhaust emission regulations and thereby helping to keep the environment clean, a correctly tuned engine will also give maximum fuel economy.

WARNING

Engine exhaust, some of its constituents, and certain vehicle components contain or emit chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects and reproductive harm. In addi- tion, certain fluids contained in vehicles and certain products of component wear contain or emit chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.

Saab Trionic engine management system, 4-cyl engine The Saab Trionic engine management system is a unique Saab development that combines sequential multiport fuel injection, electronic distributorless ignition and turbo- charger boost pressure control into one sys- tem. The Trionic engine control module (ECM) monitors many different engine parameters such as: (cid:127) Intake manifold pressure. (cid:127) Intake air temperature. (cid:127) Crankshaft position. (cid:127) Engine coolant temperature. (cid:127) Throttle position. (cid:127) The oxygen content of the exhaust gases. The ECM receives information regarding engine knocking from a sophisticated feed- back function in the ignition discharge unit. By processing all of this information, the Tri- onic system can control fuel injector open- ing duration, ignition timing and turbo- charger boost pressure to provide excellent engine performance while maintaining low emissions and fuel consumption.

NOTE

The Trionic engine management system continuously monitors the operation of these systems and has on-board diag- nostic capabilities (OBD II). If the Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE) light in the main instrument illuminates, the Tri- onic ECM has detected a problem. The car will continue to operate, but perfor- mance may be diminished. You should have your car checked by a workshop as soon as possible. We recommend that you contact a Saab dealer.

NOTE

The ME9 engine management system continuously monitors the operation of these systems and has on-board diag- nostic capabilities (OBD II). If the Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE) light in the main instrument illuminates, the ME9 ECM has detected a problem. The car will continue to operate, but performance may be diminished. You should have your car checked by a workshop as soon as possible. We recommend that you con- tact a Saab dealer.

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207

ORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) All hydrocarbons formed when refueling will be recovered by the car and not released into the atmosphere. The hydrocarbons are absorbed in an evaporative emission canis- ter. When the engine is subsequently started, the evaporative emission canister is gradually purged as air is sucked into it through a shut-off valve. The hydrocar- bon/air mixture passes through the evap canister purge valve and into the engine where it is burned. “Refueling”, see page 159. When refueling, make sure you screw the filler cap on and keep turning until it has clicked 3 times.

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Bosch ME9 engine management system, V6 engine The Bosch ME9 engine management system is a system that combines sequen- tial multiport fuel injection, electronic distrib- utorless ignition and turbocharger boost pressure control into one system and intake camshaft phasing control. The ME9 engine control module (ECM) monitors many different engine parameters such as: (cid:127) Charge air pressure. (cid:127) Intake air temperature. (cid:127) Crankshaft position. (cid:127) Engine coolant temperature. (cid:127) Throttle position. (cid:127) The oxygen content of the exhaust gases. By processing all of this information, the ME9 system can control fuel injector open- ing duration, ignition timing, intake camshaft phasing and turbocharger boost pressure to provide excellent engine performance while