2004 Saab 9 3 Owners Manual

137

(cid:127) Secure small items if the backrest is

folded down. Small items can also be thrown around inside the car and cause personal injury.

(cid:127) The elastic cargo net is only designed for light objects that are to be kept in place while driving

(cid:127) Elastic cargo net: WARNING. Avoid

eye injury. DO NOT overstretch. ALWAYS keep face and body out of recoil path. DO NOT use when strap has visible signs of wear or damage.

(cid:127) The rear seat must be in the upright

position to protect against load displacement in the event of a crash.

(cid:127) Do not exceed the load capacity of the car, as this will alter its handling char- acteristics (see page 268).

(cid:127) Match your speed and driving style to how the car is loaded. The handling characteristics of the car can be affected since a load in the trunk will alter the car’s center of gravity.

Trunk Release Handle

Tie down eyes in the trunk

Trunk Release Handle There is a glow-in-the-dark trunk release handle located inside the trunk on the latch. This handle will glow following exposure to light. Pull the release handle down to open the trunk from inside.

Tie down eyes There are tie down eyes in the trunk that should be used to secure loads. In general, loads should be placed as far forward and as low down as possible in the trunk.

NOTICE

The trunk release handle was not designed to be used to tie down the trunk lid or as an anchor point when securing items in the trunk. Improper use of the trunk release could damage it.

WARNING

(cid:127) Lay heavy bags on the floor. Place

smaller and lighter bags on top.

(cid:127) Secure heavy and bulky items using the four lashing eyes provided in the trunk. This will avert the danger of luggage flying around if the car should brake suddenly or be involved in a crash.

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Interior equipment

Trunk lighting On the underside of the parcel shelf is a light that is switched on and off when the trunk is opened and closed. If the trunk lid is left open, the lighting will be switched off automatically after 20 minutes to prevent the battery from running flat.

Emergency opening of the narrow backrest The narrow section of the backrest can be opened in an emergency if the car is without electricity (not possible to open trunk lid) and you need to access the trunk for a warn- ing triangle, for example. (cid:127) Remove the cover and depress the yellow

lever forward.

Tools and spare wheel, see page 243.

Cover over emergency opening lever, on parcel shelf

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Starting and driving

Economical driving_____ 173 Driving in cold weather__ 175 Driving in hot climates __ 177 Towing a trailer ________ 178 Driving with a roof rack

load ________________ 182 Driving with a load _____ 183 Driving with the trunk lid

open________________ 183 Driving in deep water ___ 183 Driving at night ________ 184 Towing the car_________ 184 Driving with the compact

spare tire ____________ 187 Jump starting _________ 187 For long trips __________ 190

Ignition switch ________ Steering wheel lock____ Starting the engine ____ Important considerations

for driving __________ Refueling ____________ Engine Break-in Period_ Manual transmission___ Automatic transmission Cruise control ________ Braking______________ Traction Control System (TCS) ______________

140 142 142

144 147 151 152 153 159 160

163

Electronic Stability

165 Program (ESP) ______ 167 Parking brake_________ Parking ______________ 167 Saab Parking Assistance 170

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140
Ignition switch The ignition switch is located on the center console between the front seats. In cars with automatic transmission, the remote control can only be removed when the selector lever is in position P.

NOTICE

Take care not to spill drinks or to drop crumbs over the ignition switch. If dirt or liquid gets into it, the switch may not operate properly. If snow from clothing falls into the ignition switch and melts, the ignition switch can seize (freeze). Brush snow off clothing before getting into the car.

WARNING

• Always remove the remote control

before leaving children unattended in the car.

(cid:127) Apply the parking brake before remov-

ing the remote control.

(cid:127) Never remove the remote control

while the car is moving. This will acti- vate the steering wheel lock and make it impossible to steer the car.

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To allow the various systems in the car time to register that the remote control has been inserted into the ignition switch, do not turn the remote control for roughly half a second.

LOCK position The position lights, hazard warning lights and interior lighting can be turned on. Cars with automatic transmission: Move the gear lever to P. The gear lever is locked in position. This is the only position in which the remote control can be removed. Cars with manual transmission: The remote control can be removed regardless of the position of the gear lever. OFF position Parts of the electrical system are operative. Do not leave the remote control in the OFF position with the engine not running as this could cause the battery to run flat in a matter of hours. Cars with automatic transmission: The gear lever is not locked. See also page 154. ON position The entire electrical system is operative. Do not leave the remote control in the ON position when the engine is not running. Turn the remote control to the OFF position to disconnect the electrical system. When you turn the remote control to ON, some indicator and warning lights will come on in the main instrument panel. These should go out after about 3 seconds. ST - starter position The starter motor operates (automatic transmission: selector lever must be in P or N) when the remote control is turned to this position. When released, the remote control will spring back to the ON position. The car has an electronic restart lock. If the engine fails to start, the remote control must first be turned back to a position between OFF and LOCK before the starter motor can be operated again.

142
Starting and driving Steering wheel lock The steering wheel lock is electronic. The lock engages when the remote control is removed from the ignition and unlocks when the remote control is inserted. A click can be heard when the steering wheel lock locks and unlocks. If the car is parked with one front wheel touching the curb, for example, you may need to turn the steering wheel slightly when you insert the remote control to allow the steering wheel lock to unlock. If you do not succeed on first attempt you must remove the remote control before trying again. Turn the steering wheel and insert the remote control into the ignition switch. If the steering wheel lock does not disen- gage it will not be possible to turn the remote control in the ignition switch. The following message is shown on the SID:

Steering wheel locked. Pull out key, turn steering wheel. Try again.

If a fault arises affecting the steering wheel lock, the following message will be displayed on the SID:

Starting the engine

Steering lock malfunc. Make a safe stop. Contact Saab dealer.

If the steering wheel lock malfunctions while the remote control is in the ignition switch, this may prevent the removal of the remote control or prevent the car from being restarted once the engine has been switched off. If you have to leave the car, lock the car by pressing down the lock buttons on the doors. Lock the front left door from outside with the traditional key (see page 42). The car is now locked but the alarm is inactive.

WARNING

(cid:127) When starting the engine:

- Sit down in the driver’s seat. - Depress the clutch pedal fully. If the

gear lever is not in the neutral position, the clutch pedal must be fully depressed or the car will jump forwards or backwards, which may cause a crash.

- Never start the car from outside the

vehicle, e.g. through a window that is down. This could lead to serious personal injury.

(cid:127) Cars with automatic transmission:

select position P to remove the ignition key. The key can only be removed in this gear position.

(cid:127) Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas. Be alert to the danger of CO – always open the garage doors before starting the engine in the garage.

(cid:127) Do not rest or sleep in the car when

parked with the engine running. There is a risk of depressing the accelerator which could lead to engine damage.

(cid:127) There is also a danger of CO poison- ing if the exhaust system is leaking.

Starting the engine Avoid racing the engine or loading it heavily before it has warmed up. Do not drive away before the warning and indicator lights have gone out. The engine has an automatic choke and should be started as follows: Cars with manual transmission To start the engine the clutch pedal must be fully depressed. 1 Make sure the parking brake is applied. 2 Depress the clutch pedal but do not

touch the accelerator.

3 Start the engine. Let the remote control spring back as soon as the engine has started and is running smoothly.

Allow the engine to idle for about 10 seconds. Do not apply full throttle for at least 3 minutes after starting.

Cars with automatic transmission The selector lever must be in the P or N position. 1 The selector lever must be in the P or N

position.

2 Keep your foot on the brake pedal.

Note! Once the engine has started, the brake pedal will sink. This is perfectly normal.

3 Start the engine. Let the remote control spring back as soon as the engine has started and is running smoothly.

Allow the engine to idle for about 10 seconds. Do not apply full throttle for at least 3 minutes after starting.

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143

Useful tips on starting the engine If the engine has failed to start after several attempts in very cold weather, proceed as follows: 1 Turn the ignition switch to ON (it is

essential that you turn the ignition to ON before depressing the accelerator). 2 Press the accelerator to the floor and run the starter motor for 5-10 seconds. This will prevent the engine being flooded (fully depressed accelerator cuts off the fuel supply).

3 Now start the engine in the normal way

- do not touch the accelerator.

If the engine stalls immediately after starting (e.g. if the clutch was released too quickly), do not touch the accelerator when restarting the engine.

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144
Important considerations for driving 1 Starting and driving (cid:127) Do not use full throttle until the engine is warm, so as to avoid unnecessary wear. If the needle of the turbo gauge repeatedly enters the red zone, the engine may suddenly lose power, due to the initiation of a monitoring system that limits the boost pressure. Contact a Saab dealer as soon as possible. (cid:127) Under certain barometric conditions

(high outside temperature and/or high altitude) the needle may enter the first part of the red zone without necessarily indicating that a fault has arisen.

(cid:127) A protective function (interruption of the

fuel supply) limits the engine speed.

NOTICE

(cid:127) If the engine sounds strange there is a malfunction. Contact a Saab dealer immediately.

(cid:127) The use of fuel with too low an octane

rating can cause serious engine damage.

Limp-home The engine management system has a diagnostic feature that checks a number of internal functions. If a fault is detected in the throttle valve, the engine management system will set the throttle system to the limp-home mode. This means:

idling control will be poor (uneven idling since regulated by ignition and fuel supply)

(cid:127) engine performance will be reduced

the cruise control will not function the capacity of the A/C compressor will be limited.

2 Stopping the engine (cid:127) Do not rev the engine immediately

before switching it off - stop the engine when it is idling.

3 Regulating the charging pressure (cid:127) The system is optimized for AON 90. One of the advantages of boost pres- sure regulation is that the engine can also be run safely on gasoline with a lower octane rating, although not lower than AON 87. Severe engine damage will occur if gasoline lower than 87 octane is used. However, engine performance will fall slightly and heavy loading and laboring should be avoided. For optimum performance, use the recommended grade of fuel. (cid:127) The maximum boost pressure is regu- lated according to the tendency of the engine to knock. Short-lived knocking is perfectly normal. This can occur when the engine is running at about 3,000 rpm under a heavy load. The extent of this knocking will depend on the grade of fuel in the tank. Isolated instances of knocking can occur with low-octane fuel. This controlled form of knocking, followed by a reduction in the boost pressure, is a sign that the control system is work- ing normally, and is perfectly safe for the engine.

(cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) If the diagnosis function detects a fault in the engine management system, the light "Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE)" in the instrument panel will come on (see page 75). Have the car checked at a Saab dealer as soon as possible. The following message is shown on the SID:

Important considerations with catalytic converters The catalytic converter is an emission con- trol device incorporated in the car’s exhaust system. It consists of a metal canister with a honeycomb insert, the cells of which have walls coated in a catalytic layer (precious metal alloy).

Reduced engine power. Contact Saab dealer.

NOTICE

Use only unleaded gasoline. Leaded gasoline is detrimental to the catalyst and oxygen sensor and will seriously impair the function of the catalytic converter.

To ensure that the catalytic converter con- tinues to function properly, and also to avoid damage to the converter and its associated components, the following points must be observed:

NOTICE

"Engine malfunction (CHECK

If ENGINE)" warning light starts to flash (indicating that the engine is misfiring and the catalytic converter can be damaged), ease off the accelerator slightly. The light should go out or start to shine constantly. If the light continues to flash despite easing off the accelerator, you may continue to drive the car but at the mini- mum throttle permitted by the current traf- fic situation. Have the car checked as soon as possible at a Saab dealer.

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145

(cid:127) Have the car serviced regularly in accord-

ance with the service program.

(cid:127) Always be alert to any misfiring of the

engine (not running on all cylinders) and any loss of power or performance. At the first sign of a malfunction, reduce speed and take the car to a Saab dealer. If the engine fails to start (in severe cold or if the battery is flat), the car can be bump started (manual transmission only) or started using jump leads to a donor battery. However, as soon as you have started the engine, it is important that it runs on all cylinders. If it is misfiring, allow it to idle for up to 5 minutes to give it time to settle and run smoothly. If, after this time, the engine still fails to run properly, switch off the engine to avoid serious damage to the catalytic converter. Contact a Saab dealer for advice.

(cid:127) 146

Starting and driving

(cid:127) Never park the car on dry grass or other

combustible material. The catalytic converter gets very hot and could there- fore start a fire.

(cid:127) Never drive off if the engine is misfiring.

If you bump start the car when the engine is already at normal working temperature, the engine must start to run on all cylin- ders. Abort bump starting if the engine fails to start immediately.

Failure to strictly follow these instructions can result in damage to the catalytic con- verter and associated components, and could represent a breach of the warranty conditions.

NOTICE

If the car runs out of gas, air may be drawn in with the fuel, which, in turn, can cause the catalytic converter to be damaged by overheating.

WARNING

If the engine is being run with the car on a rolling road or dynamometer, to ensure adequate cooling, air must be blown into the engine compartment and under the car at a rate equivalent to the ram-air effect that would obtain at the corre- sponding road speed.

Engine management system with catalytic converter 1 Engine control module 2 Oxygen sensor 3 Catalytic converter

(cid:127) Refueling

WARNING

Gasoline fumes are highly explosive. Therefore: (cid:127) never smoke while refueling (cid:127) never use gasoline for any purpose

other than as engine fuel

(cid:127) gasoline is extremely flammable and can cause severe burns. No open or exposed flames near gasoline

(cid:127) do not use a mobile phone at the same

time as refueling

Only use fuel from a well-known oil company. All Saab gasoline engines can be driven on gasoline with an octane rating between AON 87–93. The engine management system monitors the combustion and automatically adapts to the fuel used. Always use the correct grade of fuel: unleaded AON 87–93.

NOTICE

(cid:127) Do not overfill. Fuel should not come

right up the filler pipe as room for expansion is needed for when the temperature rises.

(cid:127) The use of fuel with too low an octane

rating can cause serious engine damage.

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147

For optimum performance Saab recom- mends: (cid:127) 2.0t engine 175 hp – AON 90. (cid:127) 2.0 Turbo engine 210 hp - AON 90. Sometimes, gasoline can contain a number of additives containing oxygen. The most common of these are alcohol or some type of ether. The maximum oxygen level is restricted by national regulations. If fuel containing a mixture of alcohol is used, the maximum levels approved by Saab are: 5 % by volume of methanol; or 10 % by volume of ethanol. The most common type of ether used is MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether), of which fuel may contain a maximum of 15 % by volume. Refueling 1 Switch off the engine. 2 Open the filler cap, located in the right-

hand rear fender.

3 Insert the fuel pump nozzle beyond the flange on the filler pipe and let the first mark (a ring, a pimple or the first spring- coil) rest on the flange. Do not withdraw the nozzle while filling is in progress.

4 Cease refueling the first time the pump

stops.

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Starting and driving

NOTICE

Do not overfill. Fuel should not come right up the filler pipe as expansion room is needed when the temperature rises. (cid:127) Fill to maximum filling capacity. (cid:127) Stop filling after the first time that the nozzle trips to shut off the flow of fuel.

(cid:127) Filling capacity can differ between different fuel stations and outside temperature. Fuel tank volume when nozzle trips to shut off, may vary by 0.5 gal. (2 liters).

(cid:127) Do not fill fuel all the way up the filler pipe. The gasoline must be allowed room for expansion especially during hot weather.

Filler cap

Filler cap removed for refueling

The fuel door has a built in fuel cap holder slot located on the fuel door. Slide the white ring on the cap into the slot.

Filler cap Open the cap by turning it to the left. When you feel the spring release in the cap, pull the cap straight out. To secure the cap after refueling fit the cap to the fuel pipe and turn it to the right until three clicks are heard. The most effective way to prevent conden- sation forming in the tank (and thus avoid possible running problems) is to keep the tank full. Refer to page 175 for information regarding gasoline anti-freeze.

Recommended fuel: For optimum performance we recommend 90 AON for 175 hp engines and 93 AON for 210 hp engines. Octane rating is determined according to the formula:

MON + RON

where MON is the Motor Octane Number, and RON is the Research Octane Number. The average of these two values is the octane rating of the gasoline as it appears on the pump at a retail gas station. This value is sometimes referred to as the "Anti- Knock Index" (AKI) or the "Average Octane Number" (AON).

To avoid deposit formation on the fuel injec- tors which can cause poor driveability, use only quality gasolines that contain deter- gents and corrosion inhibitors. Because gasolines sold at retail gas stations vary in their composition and quality, you should switch to a different brand if you begin expe- riencing driveability and/or hard starting problems shortly after refueling your car. In recent years, a variety of fuel additives and alcohols or oxygenates have been blended with gasoline. These types of gasolines may be found in all parts of the United States and Canada, but particularly in geographic areas and cities that have high carbon monoxide levels. Saab approves the use of such "reformulated" gasolines in its prod- ucts, which help in reducing pollution from all motor vehicles, provided that the follow- ing blending percentages are met by such fuels: (cid:127) Up to 10 % ethanol by volume, with corro-

sion inhibitors.

(cid:127) Up to 15 % MTBE by volume (methyl

tertiary butyl ether).

Up to 5 % methanol by volume, with an equal amount of a suitable co-solvent and added corrosion inhibitors.

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149

Other, less common, fuel additives used by some gasoline dealers are also acceptable, provided that the resultant gasoline is not more than 2.7 % oxygen by weight. In many cases, you may not be able to determine the exact type or percentage by volume of fuel additive in the gasoline you purchase for your car. Some Canadian and U.S. gasolines contain an octane enhancing additive called meth- lycyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). If such fuel is used, your emission control system performance may deterio- rate and the malfunction indicator lamp on your instrument panel may turn on. If this occurs, return to your authorized Saab dealer for service. However, these blended gasolines are reg- ulated and should never exceed these rec- ommended blend percentages and service station operators should know if their gaso- lines contain detergents and oxygenates, and have been reformulated to reduce vehi- cle emissions. Nevertheless, if you begin to notice a problem with the way your car starts or runs shortly after it has been refueled, try a different brand of gasoline.

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Starting and driving

NOTICE

NOTICE

Higher concentrations of methanol than listed above, or the use of methanol- blended gasoline without suitable co- solvents and corrosion inhibitors, can damage your car’s fuel system, leading to the need for repairs which are not covered by Saab’s product warranty.

The engine control module (ECM) moni- toring the engine parameters also stores fault codes. Under certain circumstances, this may cause constant illumination of the Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE) lamp

, thus indicating a fault that must be checked by your Saab dealer, see page 75. NOTE: always observe the following two measures: (cid:127) Make sure that the fuel filler cap is

screwed on correctly before the engine is started. Screw on the fuel filler cap until you hear a distinct click. Avoid driving with the fuel low level indi- cator illuminated. The symbol illuminates when less than approximately 2.5 gallons (10 litres) of fuel remains in the tank.

Fuel (Gasoline Engine) Use regular unleaded gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher. Use of gasoline with an octane rating lower than 87 can result in severe engine damage. Damage caused by incorrect fuel being used is not covered under the terms of the New Car Warranty and will be the responsibility of the owner. It is recommended that the gasoline meet specifications which were developed by the American Automobile Manufacturers Asso- ciation (AAMA) and endorsed by the Cana- dian Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Associa- tion for better vehicle performance and engine protection. Gasolines meeting the AAMA specification could provide improved driveability and emission control system performance compared to other gasolines.

In Canada, look for the "Auto Makers’ Choice" label on the fuel pump.

Be sure the posted octane is at least 87. If the octane is less than 87, you may get a heavy knocking noise when you drive. If it’s bad enough, it can damage your engine. If you’re using fuel rated at 87 octane or higher and you hear heavy knocking, your engine needs service. But don’t worry if you hear a little pinging noise when you’re accel- erating or driving up a hill. That’s normal, and you don’t have to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid of pinging. It’s the heavy, con- stant knock that means you have a problem.

If your vehicle is certified to meet California Emission Standards (indicated on the underhood emission control label), it is designed to operate on fuels that meet Cal- ifornia specifications. If such fuels are not available in states adopting California emis- sions standards, your vehicle will operate satisfactorily on fuels meeting federal spec- ifications, but emission control system per- formance may be affected. The malfunction indicator lamp on your instrument panel may turn on and/or your vehicle may fail a smog-check test. See "Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE)" on page 75. If this occurs, return to your authorized Saab dealer for diagnosis to determine the cause of failure. In the event it is determined that the cause of the condition is the type of fuels used, repairs may not be covered by your warranty.

Some gasolines that are not reformulated for low emissions may contain an octane- enhancing additive called methylcyclopen- tadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT); ask your service station operator whether or not the fuel contains MMT. Saab does not recommend the use of such gasolines. If fuels containing MMT are used, spark plug life may be reduced and your emission control system performance may be affected. The Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE) light on your instrument panel may turn on. If this occurs, return to your authorized Saab dealer for service.

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151
Engine Break-in Period Pistons, cylinder bores and bearings need time to obtain uniform, wear-resistant surfaces. If a new engine is driven too hard, this grad- ual process of bedding-in will not be possi- ble and the life of the engine will be short- ened. During the first 1,200 miles (2,000 km), do not exceed 5,000 rpm. In addition, refrain from driving the car at full throttle, other than for brief instances, during the first 1,800 miles (3,000 km). Wearing in new brake pads New brake pads take time to bed in, about 90 miles (150 km) if the car is driven largely under stop-and-go conditions or about 300 miles (500 km) of highway driving. To extend the useful life of the pads, avoid hard braking as much as possible.

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Starting and driving Manual transmission Clutch interlock To start the car, the clutch pedal must be depressed. When changing gear, fully depress the clutch pedal and then release it smoothly. It is inadvisable to drive with your hand resting on the gear lever, as this can increase the wear on the gearbox. There are two manual gearbox versions: a 5-speed gearbox and a 6-speed gearbox. Reverse gear on the 6-speed gearbox is to the left of 1st gear. Raise the ring under the gear knob to engage reverse. Before reverse (R) can be engaged, you must lift the ring underneath the gear knob.

NOTICE

When reverse gear is to be engaged, the car must be at a standstill with the accelerator fully released.

Gear positions, 5-speed

Gear positions, 6-speed

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Indication of gear position on main instrument panel

The engine can only be started when the selector lever is in the P or N position. When the car is stationary, the engine must be idling when you move the selector lever from one position to another. If not, the transmission could be damaged.

Selector lever 1 Position for manual gear selection

The remote control can only be removed when the selector lever is in the P position.

NOTICE

After selecting a drive position, pause briefly to allow the gear to engage (the car starts to pull a little) before you acceler- ate.

Automatic transmission

WARNING

(cid:127) Depress the brake pedal when shifting

the selector lever from P or N.

(cid:127) The car must be at a standstill before P, R or N is selected. You have to have your foot on the brake pedal to move the lever out of P. If the car is still moving when a drive position is subse- quently selected, this could cause a crash or damage the automatic trans- mission.

(cid:127) Never park the car with the selector lever in a drive position, even if the parking brake is on.

(cid:127) If you want to leave the car with the engine running, move the selector lever to P or N and apply the parking brake.

The automatic transmission has an elec- tronic control module. The control module receives information including accelerator position and road speed. Using this and other information, it controls the hydraulic pressure of the transmission to ensure that gear changing is as smooth as possible.

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Starting and driving

Selector lever detent

Park Brake Shift Lock The transmission has a security function known as Park Brake Shift Lock. To move the gear selector lever out of the P or N posi- tion, the gear selector lever detent (catch) must be pressed in at the same time as the brake pedal is held depressed. The detent button on the selector lever has to be pressed in before the lever can be moved between certain positions. Temporary override of Park Brake Shift Lock, see page 156.

Adaptive gear change patterns The adaptive gear change pattern function adapts gear changing to the prevailing driv- ing conditions. The transmission control module senses the engine load, vehicle speed and temperature of the transmission. A suitable gear change pattern is then selected automatically to avoid unneces- sary gear changes and undesired increases in transmission temperature. Certain variants use a special change pat- tern for the first few minutes after a cold start so that the catalytic converter reaches its working temperature more quickly.

Thermal transmission protection The transmission has built-in protection against overheating. This protection is pro- vided by the control module, which changes gear change patterns. 1 If the temperature of the transmission fluid exceeds 257°F (125°C), the gear change pattern is changed.

2 If the temperature of the transmission fluid exceeds 275°F (135°C), the gear change pattern is again changed.

3 If the temperature of the transmission fluid exceeds 302°F (150°C), engine torque will be limited to 147 ft.lbs. (200 Nm).

The following message is shown on the SID:

Gearbox too hot. Make a safe stop. Open hood to cool down.

If this message appears, stop the car as soon as it is safe to do so and allow the engine to idle until the message has gone out. The selector lever should be in position P.

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155

Descending hills If the speed of the car increases while descending a steep hill, despite the acceler- ator being released, the control module will change down to 4th gear. If you desire more powerful engine braking, manually select a lower gear (see page 158).

Lock-up The transmission’s torque converter has a lock-up function. This can lock the torque converter in 3rd, 4th and 5th gears, thus reducing the engine speed and fuel con- sumption. Kick-down When the accelerator is pressed down fully, a down change is made to optimize acceler- ation, e.g. for overtaking. Following this, the next higher gear will be selected at the optimum engine speed, unless you ease off the accelerator before reaching this. Kick-down works in manual mode in 4th and 5th gears if the engine speed is lower than 2,000 rpm.

Driving in hilly country with a heavy load The transmission fluid can overheat when the gearbox is strained, for example, when driving with a trailer on hilly roads. To avoid the transmission fluid overheating, always drive with the selector lever in the D posi- tion. The adaptive gear change patterns are then active. High air temperatures or a faulty oil cooler can also cause the transmission fluid to overheat. Overheating reduces the service life of the fluid.

WARNING

Remember to use the braking effect of the engine (1st, 2nd or 3rd gear) when you are descending long or steep hills to spare the brakes. Overheating can cause the brakes to fade!

Towing Towing of cars with automatic transmission, see page 184.

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Starting and driving

Limp-home If the transmission malfunctions, the control module will activate limp-home mode. In this mode, only 2nd and 5th gears are avail- able. Select 2nd gear when driving at low speeds and 5th gear at higher speeds. 2nd gear must be selected manually. Select 5th gear manually or move the selector lever to D (see page 158). The following message is shown on the SID:

Gearbox malfunction. Limited performance. Contact Saab dealer.

Temporary override of Park Brake Shift Lock

NOTICE

Due to electrical problems it may not be possible to move the selector lever out of the park position, even if the ignition is ON. If for some reason the selector lever has to be moved out of the park position (i.e. to tow the car a short distance) do as described below.

1 Apply the parking brake. 2 Lift up the rubber mat in the storage compartment ahead of the selector lever.

3 Under the floor of the storage compart- ment is a yellow plastic lever. Use a thin tool, such as a screwdriver, to press and hold the plastic lever while moving the selector lever from P to N.

4 Remove the tool. 5 Release the parking brake if the car is to

be moved immediately, otherwise it should remain on.

Check fuse 6 in the engine bay fuse box. If the fuse is OK the battery may be dead. Contact a Saab dealer to have the problem checked and rectified.

Temporary override of Park Brake Shift Lock

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Starting and driving

Selector lever positions

The selector lever is locked and the transmission is mechanically blocked. The engine can be started. To move the selector lever out of the P position, depress the brake pedal and press in the detent (catch) on the selector lever. Only select the park position (P) when the car is stationary.

Only select the reverse position (R) when the car stationary. The detent release button must be pressed before the selector lever can be moved to R. Wait until reverse gear has engaged before touching the accelerator.

You must press the brake pedal to move the selector lever from the neutral position (N). In neutral, the transmission is disengaged from the engine. The engine can be started but make sure the parking brake is on to prevent unexpected movement. To prevent the engine and transmission becoming hotter than necessary, select N for long stops with the engine running, e.g. when stuck in a traffic jam. At traffic lights, leave the selector lever in the drive position (D).

The drive position (D) is the normal one for forward driving. The transmission shifts automatically between all gears from 1st to 5th, the timing of which depends on factors such as the current accelerator position and the speed of the car. Pause for a moment before applying the acce- lerator, to allow the gears to engage.

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Sentronic, manual gear selection Move the selector lever to the manual position (M) (to the left position D) to select gear manually. Select a higher gear by pressing the selector lever forward or a lower gear by pulling it back. The selector lever will return to a position adjacent to the letter M after each gear change. An example of when you may wish to make manual gear changes is when overtaking, to enable you to remain in a low gear for an extended period of time. If the road surface is slippery, you may wish to start off in 2nd or 3rd to reduce the risk of wheel spin. When descending steep hills you should select a low gear to increase the braking effect of the engine and thus spare the brakes.

Steering wheel controls for manual gear selection (optional on certain variants)

Manual gear selections are displayed on the main instrument panel. The letter M and the current gear are displayed. When the selector lever is in the M position, as opposed to the D position, the engine is much more responsive to changes in accel- erator position. The accelerator has a different feel. Kick-down only operates for 4th and 5th gears (below 2,000 rpm). When changing down, the desired gear can be selected but the transmission will not change down until the engine speed is low enough to avoid overrevving.

Certain variants also have steering wheel controls for manual gear selection. On these models, it is possible to change gear manually using the selector lever and the steering wheel controls. The steer- ing wheel controls are only active when the selector lever is in the M position. Select a higher gear by pressing the right-hand button and a lower gear by pressing the left-hand button.

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To set the desired speed 1 Slide the switch to ON. 2 Move the thumbwheel up to SET/+ or SET/– when the car has reached the desired speed (above 15 mph (25 km/ h)).

To increase the preset speed You can increase the speed in any of the following ways: (cid:127) Accelerate to the desired speed. Jog the

control to SET/+ or SET/–.

(cid:127) Jog the control to SET/+ to increase the

speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h) (when cruise control already engaged).

(cid:127) Hold the control in the SET/+ position until

the desired speed is reached (when cruise control already engaged).

Cruise control (Cruise control system)

WARNING

Do not use the cruise control system in wet or icy conditions, in dense traffic or on winding roads.

For safety reasons (brake system func- tion), the brakes must be applied once when the engine has started, before the cruise control system can be activated. The following message is shown on the SID:

Tap brakes lightly before using cruise control.

Cruise control switches

The system has the following functions: 1 ON: engaged 2 OFF: disengaged 3 SET/+: sets the speed and increases

the set speed

4 SET/ –: sets the speed and decreases

the set speed

5 RESUME: re-engages the system at the

set speed

The CRUISE indicator light in the main instrument panel comes on when the switch is slid to ON. If you switch off the engine while the cruise control is ON, the system will be ON the next time the engine is started.

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Starting and driving

To reduce the preset speed You can reduce speed in any of the follow- ing ways: (cid:127) Brake to the desired speed. Jog the

control to SET/+ or SET/–.

(cid:127) Jog the control to SET/– to reduce the

speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h).

(cid:127) Hold the control in the SET/– position until

the desired speed is reached.

Temporary increase in speed Accelerate, without shifting down (manual transmission), to exceed the set speed such as for overtaking. When you release the accelerator, the car will return to the set speed. To disengage the system temporarily Slide the switch to the left towards OFF, but only as far as to disengage the cruise con- trol. Allow the switch to spring back.

To re-engage the system Slide the switch to RESUME. The car will return to the previously set speed. Vehicle speed must exceed 15 mph (25 km/h). To disengage the system The system will be disengaged: (cid:127) As soon as the brake or clutch pedal is depressed (cars with manual transmis- sion).

(cid:127) When the switch is slid to To disengage

the system temporarily.

(cid:127) When the switch is slid to OFF. (cid:127) When the TCS/ESP system is operative. (cid:127) When position N is selected (cars with

automatic transmission).

Braking It is good practice to try your brakes period- ically while driving. This is particularly important when driving in heavy rain, on roads with a lot of surface water, in snow or in salty slush. In such conditions a slight delay in the braking effect may be noticed. To minimize this delay, dry the brakes by applying them lightly now and again. This should also be done after the car has been washed, and in extremely damp weather. To avoid the brakes becoming overheated, such as when negotiating long descents with a drop of several hundred yards (hun- dred metres), select a low gear to utilize the braking effect of the engine. If the car has automatic transmission, select 1st or 2nd gear. You can help to prolong the life of the brakes by thinking ahead and braking harder over short periods, rather than braking more moderately over long stretches.

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The brake system provides Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD). This distri- butes the brake pressure between the front and rear wheels, in such a way as to achieve optimum braking performance irrespective of the car’s speed or load. The ABS has a built-in diagnostics function which will switch on the ABS warning light if a fault is detected in the system (see page 74). The following message will appear on the SID (and corresponding symbol on main instrument unit) if a fault is detected:

Antilock brake malfunction. Contact Saab dealer.

WARNING

ABS brakes

(cid:127) It is prudent to try your brakes from

time to time, especially when driving in heavy rain, through water collected on the road, in snow, on a wet road surface or in salty slush. In such condi- tions, the brakes may take longer than normal to take effect. To rectify this, touch the brake pedal periodically to dry the brakes out.

(cid:127) The same applies after the car has

been washed or when the weather is very humid.

(cid:127) Avoid parking the car with wet brakes. Before parking, and if the traffic condi- tions allow, brake quite heavily so that the brake discs and pads warm up and dry.

(cid:127) The brakes are power assisted and it should be kept in mind that the servo unit only provides the power assis- tance when the engine is running.

(cid:127) The brake pressure required when the

engine is off, (e.g. when the car is being towed) is roughly four times the normal pedal force required. The pedal also feels hard and unrespon- sive.

(cid:127) Overheating can cause the brakes to

fade!

WARNING

(cid:127) The additional safety afforded by the ABS system is not designed to allow drivers to drive faster but to make normal driving safer.

(cid:127) To stop as quickly as possible, without

loss of directional stability, whether the road surface is dry, wet or slippery, press the brake pedal down hard without letting up (do not pump the pedal), declutching simulta- neously, and steer the car to safety.

The Antilock Braking System (ABS) modu- lates the brake pressure to each wheel. The pressure is automatically reduced just before the wheel locks up and then increases again to the point at which the wheel is just about to lock. The wheel sen- sors send information to the brake system’s electronic control module for every 4 or so inches (decimetre) that the car rolls. This information is processed continuously to ensure that the adjustment of the brake pressure will be as exact as possible. Adjustment takes place up to 12 times per second.

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Starting and driving

The ABS system will not reduce the braking distance on loose gravel, snow or ice but, because the wheels cannot lock up, steer- ing control is retained. When the ABS system operates you will feel the brake pedal pulsate and hear a ticking noise, both of which are perfectly normal. Apply the brake pedal with full force (you cannot press too hard), declutch and if nec- essary steer to safety. Do not release the brake pedal before the car has come to a halt or the danger is past! The above is critical. If the road is slippery, the ABS system will operate even when only light pressure is applied to the brake pedal. This means that the driver can brake gently to test the condi- tion of the road and adapt their driving accordingly. It is well worth practising the use of ABS brakes on a skid pan or other suitable facility.

Braking with ABS brakes. Indication that the system is operating: pulsating brake pedal and ticking noise

Braking with ABS – evasive steering

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163

TCS OFF

lights up under the speedometer if:

(cid:127) a fault has been detected and the system

has therefore been switched off there is a fault in the ABS system the system has been switched off manually.

Traction Control System (TCS) Anti-spin system

WARNING

When driving normally, the TCS system helps to improve the car’s directional stability. The TCS must not be regarded as a system to enable the driver to main- tain higher speeds. The same precau- tions must be adopted as normal for safe cornering and driving on slippery roads.

How the system works The Traction Control System (TCS) is designed to prevent wheelspin. This enables the car to achieve the best possible grip and, hence, maximum tractive effort, together with greater stability. The TCS uses information from the ABS wheel sensors to detect when the front (driv- ing) wheels are rotating faster then the rear wheels. It then monitors whether one driving wheel is rotating faster than the other. If so, the faster wheel is retarded until both wheels are rotating at the same speed.

If the two front wheels are rotating at the same speed but are turning faster than the rear wheels, the torque from the engine is reduced to eliminate the difference. The process continues until all the wheels are rotating at the same speed. The advantages of the TCS become most apparent when the cohesion between the front wheels and the road surface is so low that one or both of the wheels would lose their grip were the car not equipped with the TCS, e.g.: (cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat-

ing with the front wheels on different surfaces (e.g. one slippery and one dry), the TCS functions like an electronic differ- ential lock, making sure that both wheels rotate at the same speed.

(cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing on a slippery surface, in which case the system eliminates wheelspin. The system also functions when the car is reversing.

(cid:127) When cornering, if the inside front wheel

rotates faster than the other wheels.

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Starting and driving

TCS button

TCS indicator When the remote control is turned to the ON position, the lamp is lit for about 4 seconds while the system performs self-diagnosis.

light under the speedometer

The comes on when the TCS is operative, that is when one of the wheels has lost its grip. The fact that the TCS is operative indicates that the limit for grip has been exceeded and that the driver must exercise greater care.

Turning the TCS off The TCS is switched on automatically when the engine is started. You can switch the system off manually with light the TCS button, whereupon the under the speedometer will come on. The TCS cannot be switched off if the car is trav- elling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h). It may be necessary to switch off the system if the car has become bogged down, for instance. Press TCS to switch it on again. If a fault is detected in the ABS, the TCS will be switched off automatically. The following message is shown on the SID:

Traction control failure. Contact Saab dealer.

The cruise control system (if active) will automatically be disengaged if the TCS is operative.

Electronic Stability Program (ESP) Anti-skid system

WARNING

When driving normally, the ESP system helps to improve the car’s directional stability. The ESP must not be regarded as a system to enable the driver to main- tain higher speeds. The same precau- tions must be adopted as normal for safe cornering and driving on slippery roads must be adopted.

The Electronic Stability Program employs both the antilock braking system (ABS) and the traction control system (TCS). It is a safety system that helps the driver to stabi- lize the car in unusual circumstances that can otherwise be difficult to handle.

Illustration of how the system applies the brakes on one or several wheels to help avoid a skid

Starting and driving

165

How the ESP system works The Electronic Stability Program can help to prevent the car from skidding by braking one or several wheels independently of the driver. The engine output is then also reduced to prevent the driving wheels from spinning. The car has sensors that measure wheel speed, yaw rate, lateral acceleration, steering wheel position and braking pres- sure. The values provided by these sensors are used to calculate the actual direction of the car, the intentions of the driver and whether the ESP should be engaged. If this direction does not agree with that intended by the driver, calculated from the steering wheel position, the ESP is engaged. The ESP improves the driver’s chances of retaining control over the car in critical situations.

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Starting and driving

ESP button

ESP OFF

lights up under the speedometer if:

(cid:127) a fault has been detected and the system

has therefore been switched off the system has been switched off manually

ESP indicator light When the remote control is turned to the ON position, the lamp is lit for about 4 seconds while the system performs self-diagnosis.

light under the speedometer

The comes on for a short period of time when the ESP system is operative. Operation of the ESP indicates reduced cohesion between the tires and the road, and that extra care should be taken by the driver. Turning ESP system off The system can be turned off manually with the ESP button, whereupon the light under the speedometer will come on. The car must be travelling slower than 35 mph (60 km/h). The TCS is also disengaged. The ESP is always engaged during braking, even if it has been switched off manually with the ESP button.

If a fault is detected in the system, the following message will be displayed on the SID:

Stability control failure. Contact Saab dealer.

The cruise control system (if active) will automatically be disengaged if the ESP is operative.

NOTICE

Changes to the chassis, such as a change of wheels, shock absorbers or springs, could affect the function of the ESP system. Always consult your Saab dealer before changing any chassis components.

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167

Parking

WARNING

(cid:127) Never leave children or pets unat- tended in the car. In warm, sunny weather, the temperature inside the car can reach 160–180°F (70–80°C). (cid:127) Park where the vehicle will not create

an obstruction or a hazard to other road users.

(cid:127) Do not park on dry grass or other

combustible material. The catalytic converter gets very hot and could start a fire.

(cid:127) Apply the parking brake. (cid:127) Shift into Reverse (automatic trans-

mission: select P), remove the remote control and lock the car.

Correct hold

If the parking brake is applied when the car starts off, the following message will appear on the SID:

Release parking brake.

Parking brake

WARNING

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake when

you park the car. If the car is to be left parked for a long time, refer to page 169.

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake before

removing the remote control.

(cid:127) Do not use the parking brake while

driving.

(cid:127) Grasp the parking brake lever in such a way that no fingers get trapped when you release the parking brake.

The parking brake lever is situated between the front seats. The brake acts on the rear wheels. When the parking brake is applied, the indicator light on the main instru- ment panel will come on. To release the parking brake, lift the lever slightly, pull the release button on the under- side of the lever and lower the lever. If conditions allow, it is best if the brake pedal is not depressed, or only depressed as little as necessary so as to stop the car from rolling, when the parking brake is applied. To facilitate releasing the parking brake, depress the brake pedal. This is especially appropriate if the car is standing on a hill.

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Starting and driving

NOTICE

Empty the car yourself and bear in mind: (cid:127) Never leave a mobile phone, camera, computer or similar object visible in the car.

(cid:127) Clothing, packages and bags attract

thieves.

(cid:127) Do not leave small objects such as CDs, sunglasses and coins visible.

(cid:127) If possible, park in a well-lit, conspicu-

ous parking space.

(cid:127) Thieves strike whenever and wher- ever they are given the opportunity.

Parking on a hill When parking on a steep hill, turn the front wheels so that they will be blocked by the curb if the car should move. If the car is parked with one front wheel touching the curb, for example, you may need to turn the steering wheel slightly when you insert the remote control to allow the steering wheel lock to unlock.

1 Downhill with curb.

Turn the wheels toward the curb and edge the car forwards until the wheel lightly touches the curb.

2 Uphill with curb. Turn

the wheels away from the curb and edge the car backward until the wheel lightly touches the curb.

3 Uphill or downhill with- out curb. Turn the wheel towards the edge of the road so that the car, should it move, will not roll towards the middle of the road.

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169

Long-term parking If the car is not going to be used for some time, e.g. three to four months, the following steps are recommended: (cid:127) Drain the washer fluid reservoir and

hoses.

(cid:127) Wash and wax the car. Clean the rubber seals on the hood, trunk lid and doors, and lubricate them with glycerol (glycerine).

(cid:127) After washing the car, dry the brake discs to avoid corrosion by taking the car out on the road and applying the brakes a few times.

(cid:127) Fill the fuel tank to prevent condensation

forming in it.

(cid:127) Top up the coolant and check the anti-

freeze before the onset of winter.

(cid:127) Park the car in a dry, covered and well- ventilated building. Leave the parking brake OFF!

(cid:127) Convertible: If the car is stored, the soft

top should be closed. If necessary, use wheel chocks and leave the parking brake off.

(cid:127) Disconnect the negative (–) battery lead. If frost is likely to occur during the storage period, remove the battery and store it in a frost-free place. If it is not possible to stand the car on axle stands, increase the tire pressure to 43 psi (3 bar).

Leave all the door windows open a crack and cover the car with a non-plastic tarpaulin – not one made of plastic which will not breath.

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170
Saab Parking Assistance Saab Parking Assistance (option)

WARNING

Responsibility always lies with the driver when reversing. (cid:127) The parking aid system can facilitate

parking and reversing.

(cid:127) Bear in mind that small objects, such

as a child lying on the ground, and narrow objects cannot always be detected by the system.

Saab Parking Assistance facilitates parking and reversing. There are four sensors in the rear bumper that detect objects up to 6 ft (1.8 meters) behind the car. If the car is heavily laden, the system may falsely indicate that there is an object within the detection range. This is since the sen- sors are angled towards the ground when the car is tail-heavy.

Area monitored by the sensors seen from the side

Area monitored by the sensors seen from above

The system uses four sensors in the rear bumper. These emit ultrasound signals that bounce back to the sensors off any objects behind the car. The system, however, cannot always detect small or narrow objects, such as a post, since the surface area presented to the car is too small.

The system is activated automatically when reverse is engaged or selected. Audible confirmation is given and the following text is shown on the SID:

Parking assistance active

If a warning message, such as the seatbelt reminder, is shown on the SID when reverse is engaged, the audible signals from the parking assistance system will not be heard since the warning message has priority. When the sensors detect an object within the monitored area, pulses of sound (- - - -) will be heard. The frequency of these pulses increases as the car comes closer to the object.

If you stop the car with reverse gear engaged, the sound pulse will stop after 2 seconds. The sound pulses will return if you continue to reverse. If the car rolls for- ward while reverse is engaged, the system is silenced. When the distance to the object is less than 1 ft. (30 cm), a continuous tone will be heard. When an object is approximately 3 ft. (90 cm) from the car, the sound pulses change character markedly (frequency increases). A distance of about 3 ft. (90 cm) is suitable if you wish to load or unload the trunk. If the distance between an object and a corner sensor does not change for 3 seconds, for example if you are reversing alongside a wall, the system will switch to monitoring straight back. The system indi- cates if the distance to the wall decreases again. If a trailer is hitched up and correctly con- nected to the trailer contact by the tow bar, the system is automatically deactivated.

NOTICE

The sensors must be kept clean to func- tion well. Ice, snow and dirt can affect their sensitivity. Large quantities of snow or dirt covering the sensors can prevent the parking assistance system from detecting any objects. Do not spray the sensors with a pressure washer, as this can damage them.

Reversing alongside a wall If the distance between an object and a corner sensor does not change for 2 seconds, for example if you are reversing alongside a wall, the system will switch to monitoring straight back. The system indi- cates if the distance to the wall decreases again. Cars with trailer hitch If the car has a ttrailer hitch and its wiring is correctly connected to the car’s electrics, the Saab Parking Assistance automatically compensates for the protrusion of the tow bar. If a camper or trailer is hitched up and the trailer hitch wiring is correctly connected to the car’s electrics, the system is automati- cally deactivated.

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171

You can temporarily deactivate the Saab Parking Assistance as follows: (cid:127) Engage reverse and press the CLEAR

button on the SID control panel.

The system will be reactivated the next time you engage reverse. Error messages If the system malfunctions, the following message will appear on the SID:

Parking assistance malfunction. Contact Saab dealer.

If the system is subject to interference, the following message will be shown on the SID:

Parking assistance sensor interference.

If this message appears, clean the sensors. The sensors are located in the black trim on the rear bumper

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Starting and driving

The system can be switched off using Profiler. 1 Press the CUSTOMIZE button to go to

Profiler.

2 Select Park Assistance using the

INFO dial.

3 Press in the INFO dial. 4 Select SPA on or SPA off. 5 Confirm this selection by pressing the

INFO dial.

Park Assistance

SPA on SPA off

Explanation of SPA on and SPA off.

SPA on

Saab Parking Assistance is activated automatically when reverse is engaged. The system warns of objects behind the car. If a trailer is hitched up and correctly connected to the trailer connector, the system will be deactivated automati- cally. You can also deactivate the sys- tem temporarily with the CLEAR button if reverse has been engaged and the system is active.

SPA off

Saab Parking Assistance deactivated.

Economical driving Factors affecting fuel consumption The fuel consumption of a car is greatly affected by driving conditions, climate, road conditions, speed, driving technique, and so on. Breaking-in Fuel consumption may be somewhat higher during the break-in period (the first 3,000–4,000 miles (5,000–7,000 km)). Weather conditions Summer temperatures give better fuel economy than winter ones. The difference can be as much as about 10%. Consump- tion increases in cold weather because the engine takes longer to reach its normal operating temperature. The transmission and wheel bearings also take longer to warm up. Even distance affects consump- tion: short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km) do not give the engine enough time to reach its optimum temperature. Wind con- ditions also have a marked effect on fuel consumption.

How to read the diagram: If fuel consumption with the engine at normal temperature is 28 mpg (10 l/ 100 km), the actual fuel consumption 3 miles (5 km) after the engine has started from cold will be: – 23.5 mpg (12 l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 68°F (+20°C) (increase of 20%).

– 17.7 mpg (16 l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 32°F (0°C) (increase of 60%).

– 14 mpg (20 l/100 km) at outside temp.

of –4°F (–20°C) (increase of 100%).

It is clear from the diagram that both dis- tance driven and outside temperature have a significant impact on fuel consumption, after a cold start. If the car is normally driven on short jour- neys, 3–5 miles (5–8 km), for example to and from work, the average consumption will be 60–80% above the normal level.

Starting and driving

173

Percentage increase in fuel consumption of engine starting from cold compared to engine at normal temperature.

Driving techniques (cid:127) To obtain the best running economy, with regard to fuel consumption and general wear, the car must be serviced regularly.

(cid:127) High speed, unnecessary acceleration,

frequent braking and much changing down all give higher fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Frequent gear changing in traffic, starting in cold weather, the use of studded tires and roof racks, and towing a caravan all increase fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Do not warm up the engine while the car

is stationary. If idling, the engine will take much longer to reach its optimum temperature, and

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Starting and driving

engine wear is at its greatest during this period. Drive off as soon as possible after starting the engine and avoid high engine speeds.

(cid:127) Drive as smoothly and thoughtfully as

possible. Match your driving to the prevailing traffic conditions.

(cid:127) Driving in a low gear gives rise to higher fuel consumption than driving in a high gear because of the higher engine speed for any given road speed. Always shift up as soon as traffic conditions allow and drive in the highest gear as much as possible.

(cid:127) Check the tire pressure once a month.

Incorrect tire pressure increases tire wear. It is preferable for the tire pressure to be slightly high than too low. Under- pressure increases fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Check the fuel consumption regularly.

Increased fuel consumption can indicate that something is wrong and that the car needs to be checked at a Saab dealer.

Practical road tests have demonstrated that substantial savings in fuel consumption can be made if the above advice is followed.

WARNING

Never switch off the engine while driving as the effect of the brakes and power steering will be greatly reduced.

Road conditions Wet roads increase fuel consumption, as do unpaved roads and driving in hilly country (the amount of fuel saved driving downhill is less than the additional amount required to climb the hill).

Engine block heater (standard equipment in Canada, accessory in U.S.) The following are just some of the benefits to the car and the environment of using an engine block heater: (cid:127) Lower fuel consumption. (cid:127) Reduced wear on the engine. Inside of car warms up faster.

(cid:127) Exhaust emissions substantially reduced

over short runs.

The engine heater is effective at outside temperatures up to 60–70°F (+15–+20°C). The warmer it is outside, the shorter the time the engine heater needs to be connected. Longer than 1.5 hours is unnecessary. If the car is equipped with a removable, electric cabin heater that is not in use, store this in the trunk.

(cid:127) Condensation is caused by temperature fluctuations, either in the outside temper- ature alone or when the car is alternately parked outdoors and in a garage. The car is equipped with tires designed to provide optimum grip on both wet and dry roads, although this has been achieved at the expense of somewhat reduced grip on snow and ice. For regular driving on snow and ice, we therefore recommend that winter (snow) tires be fitted.

(cid:127) Convertible: Avoid operating the soft top

at temperatures below 23°F (–5°C).

Starting and driving

175

The car is equipped with tires designed to provide optimum grip on both wet and dry roads, although this has been achieved at the expense of somewhat reduced grip on snow and ice. For regular driving on snow and ice, we therefore recommend that winter tires be fitted. However, winter tires achieve this extra grip at the expense of grip on bare road surfaces. Winter tires, particularly studded tires, gen- erally make driving safer on snow and ice. Acquaint yourself with the legal provi- sions governing the use of different types of winter tires and snow chains. Studded tires are not allowed in some countries. If winter tires are fitted, the same type must be fitted to all four wheels. Your Saab dealer will be pleased to advise you on the best tires for your car.

Driving in cold weather In cold weather, special attention should be paid to the following: (cid:127) Before driving off, make sure that the

wiper blades have not frozen to the wind- shield.

(cid:127) Remove any snow from the heating

system air intakes between the hood and the windshield. If necessary, inject oil into the locks to prevent them from freezing. Use molyb- denum-sulphide oil (MoS2). If the locks freeze, exercise care when unlocking the car (manual unlocking) to avoid breaking the key. Warm up the key or use a de-icer. It is particularly important when the roads are slippery that the brakes and tires are in good condition.

(cid:127) For how to check the level of antifreeze in

the engine coolant, see page 199.

(cid:127) Add gasoline anti-freeze when refueling several times before the onset of winter. This will prevent condensation water in the fuel tank from freezing and causing interruptions in the fuel supply. The likeli- hood of condensation is lowest when the fuel tank is full. If the car is parked outside and the temperature is below zero, carburetor spirit is of little use as it cannot remove water that has already frozen. Park the car in a warm place so that any ice that may have built up melts, then add carbu- retor spirit when refueling.

(cid:127) (cid:127) 176

Starting and driving

Remember that tires age: it may therefore be necessary to change winter tires before they reach the legal wear limit, as they grad- ually lose their friction properties with age. If you get into a front wheel skid and the car has a manual transmission, the best response is to freewheel, which means declutching so that the wheels neither drive nor brake, and to cautiously steer in the desired direction. If the car has automatic transmission, ease off the accelerator slightly and steer cau- tiously in the desired direction. If you get into a rear wheel skid, steer in the same direction as the movement of the rear of the car.

Driving with tire chains Snow chains must only be fitted to the wheel and tire dimensions that Saab recommends in "Technical data" on page 267. Contact a Saab dealer regarding approved tire chains. See also page 237.

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not drive at speeds above 30 mph (50 km/h) when tire chains are fitted.

(cid:127) Tire chains can reduce directional

stability.

(cid:127) Do not fit tire chains to the car’s rear

wheels.

NOTICE

(cid:127) Check the links frequently for wear.