2001 Saab 9 3 Owners Manual

2 Unscrew the retaining screws some- what and back them out through the screw holes, whereupon the lock motor will be released from the door.

Have an authorized Saab dealer investigate the problem. Manually opening the fuel filler door, Con- vertible, see page 58.

1 Cutout outline in the upholstery of the trunk 2 Undo the retaining screws of the lock motor 3 Remove the screws through the screw

holes

3

Ignition switch ................. 152 Starting the engine.......... 153 Important considerations for driving....................... 154 Refueling.......................... 157 Engine Break-in Period... 161 Manual transmission ...... 161 Automatic transmission . 162 Cruise Control ................. 169 Braking............................. 170 Parking ............................. 174 Economical motoring ..... 176

Starting and driving

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Starting and driving

Driving in cold weather ... 177 Driving in hot weather ..... 179 Towing a trailer ................ 179 Driving with a roof rack load.................................. 182 Driving with the trunk lid open ................................ 185 Driving in deep water....... 185 Towing the car.................. 185 Jump starting ................... 187 Driving considerations with compact spare wheel/tire fitted............... 190 For long trips.................... 190

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Starting and driving

Ignition switch The single lock used for both the ignition and gear/selector lever is in the center con- sole located between the front seats. Before you can remove the key, the car must be in reverse gear (manual gearbox cars) or the Parking (P) position (cars with automatic transmission). The key for this lock also fits all other locks in the car. The key number is on a small plastic tag delivered together with the keys. Be sure to save this plastic tab since it has the key number on it.

LOCK position Put the gear lever in reverse and turn the ignition key to the LOCK posi- tion. For cars with automatic transmission, select the Parking (P) position and turn the ignition key to the LOCK position. The gear lever is now locked. The key can only be removed when the gear lever is in this position. The parking lights, the hazard warning lights and the interior lighting can still be illuminated.

OFF position Gear lever is not locked (manual transmission). Automatic transmission: gear lever is locked until brake pedal is depressed.

ON position The entire electrical system is operative. Do not leave the key in the ON position while the engine is not running. Turn the key to the LOCK position to disconnect the electrical system. When you turn the key to the ON position, the warnings and indicators in the main instrument light so that you can check to see that they are functioning properly. They are extinguished after approx. 3 seconds.

Start position (ST) The starter motor operates in this position. When you release the key, it springs back to the ON position. Restarting the starter motor is pre- vented. If starting is unsuccessful, you must turn the key back to a posi- tion between OFF and LOCK before you can turn it to the start (ST) position again.

WARNING

(cid:127) Always remove the key before leaving

the car.

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake before

removing the ignition key.

NOTE

Take care not to spill drinks or to drop crumbs over the ignition switch. If dirt or liquid gets into it, the switch may not operate properly.

If the car does not start If the text "KEY NOT ACCEPTED" appears on the SID when the engine refuses to start, the trouble may be a fault in the transponder of the key or in the receiver of the ignition switch. Proceed as follows: • Turn the key back to the LOCK position. (cid:127) Turn the key to the ON position. (cid:127) Press one of the buttons on the remote

control (the LED on top of the dash stops flashing).

(cid:127) Start the engine. Try the other key. If it works, the trouble is in the first key. Call on an authorized Saab dealer for inspection and correction.

Starting the engine

WARNING

(cid:127) When starting the engine: – Sit down in the driver’s seat. – Depress the clutch pedal fully. If gear lever is not in the neutral position, the clutch pedal must be fully depressed or the car will jump forwards or back- wards, which may cause an accident.

– Never start the car from outside the vehicle, e.g. through a wound down window. This could lead to serious personal injury.

(cid:127) Engage reverse (R) (position P for

automatic transmission) to remove the ignition key. The key can only be removed in this gear position.

(cid:127) Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas. Be alert to the danger of CO – always open the garage doors before starting the engine in the garage.

(cid:127) There is also a danger of CO poison- ing if the exhaust system is leaking.

(cid:127) Do not rest or sleep in the car when

parked with the engine running. There is a risk of depressing the accelerator which could lead to engine damage.

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153

Do not run the starter motor for more than 25 seconds at a time. Wait 20-30 seconds before running the starter again, to give the battery time to recover. Avoid racing the engine or putting a heavy load on it before it has warmed up. Let the engine idle for at least 10 seconds and then drive away as long as the engine oil warning light has gone out to enable the engine to attain its normal temperature as quickly as possible. It is possible for air to enter the lubricating system in conjunction with an oil or oil-filter change, or if the car has been stored for some time. This air can cause the hydraulic cam followers to emit a ticking noise, which can persist for up to 15 minutes after start- ing. Although this is quite normal and does not indicate any malfunction, it is advisable not to exceed 3,000 rpm before the noise has disappeared. The hydraulic cam lifters are completely service free; the valve clearance is set up at the factory and will not need any subse- quent adjustment.

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Starting and driving

Starting the engine The engine has an automatic choke and should be started as follows: Cars with manual gearbox To start the engine the clutch pedal must be fully depressed. 1 Depress the clutch pedal but do not

touch the accelerator.

2 Start the engine. Let the ignition key

spring back as soon as the engine has started and is running smoothly – at very low temperatures, you may need to run the starter for up to 50 seconds.

Let the engine idle for about 10 seconds. Do not open the throttle wide for at least 2-3 minutes after starting. Cars with automatic transmission The selector lever must be in the P or N position. 1 Keep your foot on the brake pedal. 2 Start the engine. Let the ignition key

spring back as soon as the engine has started and is running smoothly – at very low temperatures, you may need to run the starter for up to 50 seconds.

Let the engine idle for about 10 seconds. Do not open the throttle wide for at least 2–3 minutes after starting.

Useful tips on cold climate starting If the engine has failed to start after several attempts in very cold weather, press and hold the accelerator down to the floor and run the starter for 5–10 seconds. This will prevent the engine being flooded (exces- sively rich fuel-air mixture). Now start the engine in the normal way – do not touch the accelerator. If the engine stalls immediately after starting (e.g. if the clutch was released too quickly), do not touch the accelerator when restarting the engine. Every time the engine is switched off the spark plugs are automatically cleaned. If your attempt to start nevertheless fails, let go of the ignition key and allow it to spring back. This initiates more vigorous cleaning of the sparking plugs which goes on for about 5 seconds. Then start in the ordinary way. Do not touch the accelerator; if the accelerator is pressed to the floor the fuel supply is shut off.

Important considerations for driving The engine-management system in the Saab 9-3 is called Saab Trionic T7. The system manages the ignition, fuel injection and turbo boost pressure. The Trionic T7 system developed by Saab is an intelligent engine-management system designed to achieve optimum drive- ability under differing driving conditions. The system makes adjustments automati- cally, for instance, if the car is being driven at altitude (oxygen-deficient air), for differ- ent grades of fuel (AON 87–93) and for dif- ferent load conditions. 1 Starting and driving (cid:127) Refrain from using full throttle before

the engine has warmed up (before needle is in the mid-range on tempera- ture gauge) to avoid unnecessary wear. If the needle of the pressure gauge repeatedly enters the red zone the engine may suddenly lose power, owing to the intervention of a monitor- ing system which curtails the charging pressure. Get in touch with an autho- rized Saab dealer at once.

(cid:127) A safety function prevents the engine from revving faster than 6,200 rpm by temporarily shutting of the fuel injec- tors.

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155

Limp-home The car’s engine management system has a diagnostics function that, once the engine has been switched off, checks a number of internal functions. If a throttle valve fault is detected, the engine management system will initiate limp-home mode for the valve. This means, for example, that idling speed regulation will be impaired, the cruise con- trol system will be inoperative, and the capacity of the A/C compressor will be lim- ited. When starting the car in limp-home mode at temperatures below 32°F (0°C), depress the accelerator slightly. If the diagnosis function detects any faults in the engine management system, the “Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE)

“ indicator in the main instrument panel will light up (see page 63). The car should be checked as soon as possible at an authorized Saab dealer.

2 Stopping the engine (cid:127) Do not rev the engine immediately

before switching it off - stop the engine when it is idling.

3 Regulating the charging pressure (cid:127) The system is optimized for fuel with an octane rating of AON 90. For cars with 205 hp engines and the Viggen, the system is optimized for AON 93. One of the advantages of the system is that it enables the engine to be run safely on lower-grade fuel, although not lower than AON 87. However, engine perfor- mance will fall off slightly, and heavy loading should be avoided. For best performance you should use the rec- ommended grade of fuel, AON 90 (205 hp engine and Viggen AON 93).

(cid:127) The maximum boost pressure is

adjusted automatically to the knocking or pinging tendency of the engine. Occasional, short-lived knocking when the engine is under a heavy load is per- fectly normal; the extent will depend on the grade of fuel in the tank.

(cid:127) Isolated instances of knocking are

more likely to occur with low-octane fuel. This controlled form of knocking, followed by a reduction in the boost pressure, is a sign that the wastegate is functioning and is perfectly safe for the engine.

Saab 9-3 Viggen: The Saab 9-3 Viggen has a high-performance engine which means that a certain amount of care should be exercised, in particular when accelerating in the lower gears. This is especially important when the road surface is slippery to avoid the driving wheels losing their grip.

NOTE

If constant knocking occurs every time a load is put on the engine, this indicates a malfunction in the system. Have the car checked without delay by an authorized Saab dealer.

NOTE

If the engine is being run with the car on a rolling road or dynamometer, longer than for a standard state emission inspection, to ensure adequate cooling, air must be blown into the engine compartment and under the car at a rate equivalent to the ram-air effect that would be obtained at the corresponding road speed.

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Starting and driving

NOTE

If the CHECK ENGINE warning light starts to flash, ease off the accelerator slightly. If the light does not cease to flash within 5 seconds, stop the car in a suita- ble place as soon as possible and turn off the engine. The car must be towed to an authorized Saab dealer. If the CHECK ENGINE warning light flashes, it indicates that the engine is misfiring which can result in damage to the catalytic converter.

Important considerations with cata- lytic converters The catalytic converter is an emission-con- trol device incorporated in the car’s exhaust system. It consists of a metal canister with a honeycomb insert, the cells of which have walls coated in a catalytic layer (mixture of precious metals).

NOTE

Use only unleaded gasoline. Leaded gas- oline is detrimental to the catalyst and oxygen sensor and will seriously impair the function of the catalytic converter.

To ensure that the catalytic converter con- tinues to function properly, and also to avoid damage to the converter and its associated components, the following points must be observed: (cid:127) Have the car serviced regularly in accor-

dance with the service program. The fuel and ignition systems are particularly important in this context.

(cid:127) Always be alert to any misfiring of the

engine (not running on all cylinders) and any loss of power or performance. At the first sign of a malfunction, reduce speed and take the car to an authorized Saab dealer as soon as possible.

Engine-management system with catalytic converter 1 Engine control module 2 Oxygen sensor (lambda probe) 3 Catalytic converter

If the engine fails to start (in very cold weather or if the battery is dead), the car can be push started (manual gearbox only) or started using jumper cables to a donor battery. However, as soon as you have started the engine, it is important that it runs on all cylinders. If it is misfiring, allow it to idle for up to five minutes to give it time to settle and run smoothly. If, after this time, the engine still fails to run prop- erly, turn off the engine and get in touch with an authorized Saab dealer for advice.

(cid:127) (cid:127) Never park the car on dry grass or other combustible material. The catalytic con- verter gets very hot and could therefore start a fire.

(cid:127) Never drive off if the engine is misfiring. If you jump start the car when the engine is already up to normal temperature, the engine must start to run on all cylinders. Stop jump-starting if the engine fails to start immediately.

NOTE

If the car runs out of fuel, it is possible for air to get into the fuel system. If this happens, the catalytic converter may overheat and be damaged.

(cid:127) Failure to follow these directions could

result in the catalytic converter and asso- ciated components being damaged, and could represent a breach of the warranty conditions.

Refueling

WARNING

(cid:127) Never use fuel for any purpose other

than as engine fuel.

(cid:127) Gasoline is highly flammable and can

cause severe burns. Never use an exposed flame in the vicinity of gaso- line. Never smoke when filling the vehicle up with gasoline.

(cid:127) Do not use the phone when refueling

with gasoline. Gasoline fuels are highly explosive.

Only fuel from well-known oil companies should be used. All Saab gasoline engines can be driven on fuel of grade AON 87-93. For optimum performance we recommend: (cid:127) AON 90 for 2.0 Turbo 185 hp. (cid:127) AON 93 for 2.0 Turbo 205 hp and

2.3 Turbo Viggen.

If fuel containing a mixture of alcohol is used, the following restrictions apply: Methanol: max. 5% by volume. Ethanol: max. 10% by volume. MTBE: max. 15% by volume.

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157

The fuel filler cap is located in the right rear quarter panel. Switch off engine. Insert the fuel-pump nozzle beyond the flange on the filler pipe. Do not withdraw the nozzle while filling is in progress. Cease refueling the first time the pump stops.

NOTE

Do not overfill. Fuel should not come right up the filler pipe as expansion room is needed.

Fuel-tank capacity: 17.0 US gal. (64 liters) Screw on the filler cap and keep turning until it has clicked at least three times. Manually opening the fuel filler door, see page 150, Convertible, page 58. The most effective way to prevent conden- sation forming in the tank (and thus avoid possible running problems) is to keep the tank well filled. Before the onset of freezing temperatures in winter, it may be advisable to add gasoline anti-freeze to the fuel a few times to dispel any condensation in the system.

(cid:127) 158

Starting and driving

NOTE

(cid:127) Fill to maximum filling capacity (cid:127) Stop filling after the first time that the nozzle trips to shut off the flow of fuel

(cid:127) Filling capacity can differ between different fuel stations and outside temperature. Fuel tank volume when nozzle trips to shut off, may vary by 0.5 gal. (2 liters).

(cid:127) Do not fill fuel all the way up the filler pipe. The gasoline must be allowed room for expansion especially during hot weather.

Recommended fuel: For optimum performance we recommend: (cid:127) AON 90 for 2.0 Turbo 185 hp engines. (cid:127) AON 93 for 2.0 Turbo 205 hp engines and

2.3 Viggen.

Octane rating is determined according to the formula:

MON + RON

where MON is the Motor Octane Number, and RON is the Research Octane Number. The average of these two values is the octane rating of the gasoline as it appears on the pump at a retail gas station. This value is sometimes referred to as the "Anti-Knock Index" (AKI) or the "Average Octane Number" (AON).

To avoid deposit formation on the fuel injec- tors which can cause poor driveability, use only quality gasolines that contain deter- gents and corrosion inhibitors. Because gasolines sold at retail gas stations vary in their composition and quality, you should switch to a different brand if you begin expe- riencing driveability and/or hard starting problems shortly after refueling your car. In recent years, a variety of fuel additives and alcohols or oxygenates have been blended with gasoline. These types of gasolines may be found in all parts of the United States and Canada, but particularly in geographic areas and cities that have high carbon mon- oxide levels. Saab approves the use of such "reformulated" gasolines in its products, which help in reducing pollution from all motor vehicles, provided that the following blending percentages are met by such fuels: (cid:127) Up to 10% ethanol by volume, with corro-

sion inhibitors.

(cid:127) Up to 15% MTBE by volume (methyl ter-

tiary butyl ether).

(cid:127) Up to 5% methanol by volume, with an

equal amount of a suitable co-solvent and added corrosion inhibitors.

Other, less common, fuel additives used by some gasoline dealers are also acceptable, provided that the resultant gasoline is not more than 2.7% oxygen by weight. In many cases, you may not be able to determine the exact type or percentage by volume of fuel additive in the gasoline you purchase for your car. Some Canadian and U.S. gasolines contain an octane enhancing additive called meth- lycyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). If such fuel is used, your emission control system performance may deterio- rate and the malfunction indicator lamp on your instrument panel may turn on. If this occurs, return to your authorized Saab dealer for service. However, these blended gasolines are reg- ulated and should never exceed these rec- ommended blend percentages and service station operators should know if their gaso- lines contain detergents and oxygenates, and have been reformulated to reduce vehi- cle emissions. Nevertheless, if you begin to notice a problem with the way your car starts or runs shortly after it has been refueled, try a different brand of gasoline.

NOTE

NOTE

Starting and driving

159

Higher concentrations of methanol than listed above, or the use of methanol- blended gasoline without suitable co-solvents and corrosion inhibitors, can damage your car’s fuel system, leading to the need for repairs which are not covered by Saab’s product warranty.

The engine control module (ECM) moni- toring the engine parameters also stores fault codes. Under certain circumstances, this may cause constant illumination of the Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE) lamp must be checked by your Saab dealer, see page 63. NOTE: always observe the following two measures: (cid:127) Make sure that the fuel filler cap is

, thus indicating a fault that

screwed on correctly before the engine is started. Screw on the fuel filler cap until you hear three distinct clicks.

(cid:127) Avoid driving with the fuel low level indicator illuminated. The symbol illuminates when less than approxi- mately 2.5 gallons (10 litres) of fuel remains in the tank.

Some gasolines that are not reformulated for low emissions may contain an octane-enhancing additive called methylcy- clopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT); ask your service station operator whether or not the fuel contains MMT. Saab does not recommend the use of such gaso- lines. If fuels containing MMT are used, spark plug life may be reduced and your emission control system performance may be affected. The Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE) light on your instrument panel may turn on. If this occurs, return to your authorized Saab dealer for service.

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Starting and driving

Fuel (Gasoline Engine) Use regular unleaded gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher. It is recommended that the gasoline meet specifications which were developed by the American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) and endorsed by the Canadian Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association for better vehi- cle performance and engine protection. Gasolines meeting the AAMA specification could provide improved driveability and emission control system performance com- pared to other gasolines.

In Canada, look for the "Auto Makers’ Choice" label on the fuel pump.

Canada Only Be sure the posted octane is at least 87. If the octane is less than 87, you may get a heavy knocking noise when you drive. If it’s bad enough, it can damage your engine. If you’re using fuel rated at 87 octane or higher and you hear heavy knocking, your engine needs service. But don’t worry if you hear a little pinging noise when you’re accel- erating or driving up a hill. That’s normal, and you don’t have to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid of pinging. It’s the heavy, con- stant knock that means you have a problem. If your vehicle is certified to meet California Emission Standards (indicated on the underhood emission control label), it is designed to operate on fuels that meet Cal- ifornia specifications. If such fuels are not available in states adopting California emis- sions standards, your vehicle will operate satisfactorily on fuels meeting federal spec- ifications, but emission control system per- formance may be affected. The malfunction indicator lamp on your instrument panel may turn on and/or your vehicle may fail a smog-check test. See "Malfunction Indica- tor Lamp" in the Index. If this occurs, return to your authorized Saab dealer for diagno- sis to determine the cause of failure. In the event it is determined that the cause of the condition is the type of fuels used, repairs may not be covered by your warranty.

Engine Break-in Period Pistons, cylinder bores and bearings need time to obtain uniform, wear-resistant sur- faces. If a new engine is driven too hard, this grad- ual process of bedding-in will not be possi- ble and the life of the engine will be short- ened. During the first 1,200 miles (2,000 km), do not exceed 5,000 rpm. In addition, refrain from driving the car at full throttle, other than for brief instances, during the first 1,800 miles (3,000 km). Wearing in new brake pads New brake pads take time to bed in, about 90 miles (150 km) if the car is driven largely under stop-and-go conditions or about 300 miles (500 km) of highway driving. To extend the useful life of the pads, avoid hard braking as much as possible.

Manual transmission To start the engine the clutch pedal must be fully depressed. The gear positions are marked on the gear lever. Before reverse (R) can be engaged, you must lift the ring underneath the gear-lever knob. To change gear, fully depress the clutch pedal and then release it smoothly. It is inadvisable to drive with your hand resting on the gear lever, as this can increase the wear on the gearbox. When shifting down from 5th to 4th gear, ease the gear lever straight back, without applying any lateral pressure. This will pre- vent 2nd gear being engaged by mistake, which can result in overreving and possible damage to the engine.

NOTE

When the reverse gear is to be engaged the car must be at a standstill with the accelerator fully released. Lift the reverse lock-out collar and push the gear lever firmly to the right in neutral before easing it into reverse.

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161

Shift-up indicator for improved fuel economy (U.S. models only) Cars equipped with a manual transmission have a "Shift-up" light on the instrument panel. The light begins to work after the vehicle is warmed up and provides you with a good indication when to shift to a higher gear. It is not necessary or recommended to follow the shift-up recommendations in all driving conditions, for example, when driv- ing in heavy urban traffic or steep downhill grades. However, shifting with the light should result in improved fuel economy. Therefore, for reduced fuel consumption and better energy conservation, you should make a habit of shifting before or when the shift-up light comes on.

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162
Automatic transmission

WARNING

(cid:127) Make it a habit to keep your foot on the brake when selecting a drive position, to prevent the car from creeping for- ward (or backwards if reverse is selected).

(cid:127) The car must be at a standstill before P, R or N is selected. You have to have your foot on the brake pedal to move the lever out of park. If the car is still moving when a drive position is subse- quently selected, this could cause an accident or damage the automatic transmission.

(cid:127) Never park the car with the selector lever in a drive position, even if the parking brake is on.

(cid:127) If you want to leave the car with the engine running, move the selector lever to P or N and apply the parking brake.

When the car is stationary, the engine must be idling when the selector lever is moved. You must have your foot on the brake pedal to move the lever out of park. If the accelerator is depressed while the lever is moved, this will result in abnormal wear in the transmission.

NOTE

After selecting a drive position, pause briefly to allow the gear to engage (the car starts to pull a little) before you acceler- ate.

Selector lever 1 Catch 2 Button for SPORT position 3 Button for WINTER position

The electronic control module for the auto- matic transmission receives information on engine torque and road speed. It also con- trols the hydraulic pressure in the transmis- sion to ensure that gear changing is as smooth as possible. The position of the selector lever is shown by the symbols adjacent to the lever and also by an indicator on the main instrument panel. The ignition key can only be removed when the selector lever is in the P position.

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163

Adaptive gear change pattern is a func- tion of the Normal and Sport modes. It allows gear changing to be suited to the pre- vailing driving conditions. The transmission control module senses the engine load and temperature of the transmission and selects one of the four available gear change pat- terns. Unnecessary gear changes and undesired temperature increases in the transmission are avoided. The automatic transmission has a special shift pattern during the first minute after a cold engine is started so that the catalytic converter will reach its correct working tem- perature more rapidly

R N D 3 2 1

Indication of gear position on the main instrument panel

Detent positions for selector movement

The Winter mode is intended for use when pulling away and driving on icy roads. In this mode, the transmission starts in 3rd gear, to provide better grip, and the WINTER indica- tor appears on the main instrument panel. When the ignition is turned to OFF, the auto- matic transmission will automatically revert to Normal mode (see page 168).

The detent button on the selector lever has to be pressed before the selector can be moved between certain positions. Three modes for the automatic transmis- sion can be selected: Normal, Sport and Winter. The Normal mode, which provides the best fuel economy, is the default setting when the engine is started. Sport mode alters the angle of the throttle valve for increased power compared to the same accelerator position in Normal mode. This means gear changes are made to opti- mize the car’s performance. The SPORT indicator light is shown on the main instru- ment panel; see page 168).

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Starting and driving

Lock-up function The automatic transmission has a lock-up function, which renders the torque con- verter inoperative in 3rd and 4th gears. The result is reduction in the engine speed and, hence, fuel consumption. When the lock-up function comes into oper- ation, it may give the impression of an over- drive being engaged. Kick-down When the accelerator is pressed down hard, a downshift to the next lower gear will occur to provide maximum acceleration, e.g. for overtaking. The change-up to the next gear again will take place either when the accelerator is released or when maximum engine speed for that gear is reached.

Park Brake Shift Lock The transmission has a safety function called Park Brake Shift Lock. For the selec- tor lever to be moved out of the P position, the brake pedal must be depressed at the same time as the detent button is lifted. Park Brake Shift Lock override

NOTE

If a problem arises with the shift lock mechanism, it may not be possible to move the selector out of the park position, even if the ignition is ON. If for some reason the selector has to be moved out of the park position (i.e. to tow the car a short distance) do as described below.

1 Apply the parking brake. 2 Make sure the key is in the ON position. 3 Use a small tool such as a screwdriver and push the lever downwards so that the detent button can be pressed approx. 10 mm.

4 Move the selector out of position P to N. 5 Remove the tool. 6 Release the parking brake if the car is to be moved immediately; otherwise keep it applied.

Check fuse No. 12 (see page 214). If the fuse is OK, check the battery voltage. If the problem was cured by changing the fuse or battery, you do not have to contact a Saab dealer. If the fuse blows again as soon as the Shift Lock feature is activated you should contact your Saab dealer.

Automatic transmission fault indicator

NOTE

If the symbol appears on the main instru- ment panel, the system has detected a fault in the automatic transmission or its control module (see page 64). This also means that the Limp-home mode has been selected, to guard against further damage being done to the transmission. In this mode, the automatic transmission starts in 4th gear, and gear changes (if nec- essary) will have to be made manually. It is not possible to select the SPORT or WINTER mode when the Limp-home mode is active. You should have the automatic transmis- sion checked as soon as possible by an authorized Saab dealer. The following gears will be engaged in the respective selector positions when the auto- matic transmission is in the Limp-home mode:

Position R

Gear

Reverse 4th 4th 3rd 3rd

If the control module has actuated the Limp-home function for the automatic transmission, the car will remain in 4th gear when D is selected, making it very sluggish. To overcome this, move the selector lever to position 2. The transmis- sion then starts in 3rd gear. When the car is moving you can select position D or 3.

Overheated transmission oil If the transmission oil becomes overheated while driving, the following message appears on the SID: TRANSMISSION OVERHEATING. In this event, stop the car in a suitable place, switch off the engine, open the hood and wait until the message goes out. When driving subsequent to the transmission oil overheating, select either 3rd gear or Drive, whichever will allow the engine to run at 3,000 rpm and maintain the speed of traffic or a safe speed. The transmission oil can become very hot when the car is driven with a heavy load; for example, driving with a trailer on hilly roads when the wrong gear has been selected, resulting in many extra gear changes. Select one of the positions 1, 2 or 3. A high outside temperature or a defective oil cooler can also cause the oil temperature to increase. Contact an authorized Saab work- shop, see also page 179.

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Driving in hilly country with a heavy load Overheating of the automatic-transmission fluid can occur when the car is towing a heavy load, such as a trailer in hilly country, with the wrong gear selected, resulting in abnormally frequent gear changing. To avoid the transmission oil from overheating always drive in Normal mode, then the adaptive gear change pattern is active. High ambient temperatures can also increase the temperature of the transmis- sion fluid or the oil cooler may be faulty. As the transmission fluid temperature increases, its useful service life is reduced. Contact an authorized Saab dealer (see also page 179).

WARNING

Remember to use engine-braking (selec- tor position 1, 2, or 3) to spare the brakes when you are driving on a long or steep downhill slope. Brake failure can result from overheated brakes!

Towing Towing a car with automatic transmission, see page 187.

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Starting and driving

Selector positions

To shift out of the P position you must depress the brake pedal and the ignition must be ON. The parking position (P) must only be selected when the car is at a complete standstill. The selec- tor lever is locked and the transmission is mechanically immobilized. Always apply the park- ing brake after parking the car. The engine can be started. The reverse (R) position must only be selected when the car is at a complete standstill. The detent-release button must be pressed before the selector lever can be moved to R. Wait until reverse gear has engaged (car starts to creep) before touching the accelerator.

In the Neutral position (N), the transmission is dis- engaged from the engine. The engine can be started, but first ensure that the parking brake is on, to prevent the car from moving off unexpect- edly. To prevent the engine and transmission from becoming hotter than necessary, select N for stops other than brief ones, e.g. if stuck in a traffic jam. The normal drive position (D) is recommended for waiting at traffic lights.

The Drive position (D) is the position for normal motoring. Gear changes between 1st and 4th will take place automatically, the timing of which is determined by the throttle (accelerator) position and the speed of the car. After moving the selector lever to D, pause to give the gear time to engage (car starts to pull). In position 3, 4th gear is locked out. The car will start in 1st gear and normal gear changing (up and down) will take place automatically between gears 1, 2 and 3. Moving the selector lever from D to 3 will cause a downshift to 3rd gear, which will give better engine-braking. Do not move the selector to position 3 at speeds in excess of 90 mph (150 km/h). Position 2 is recommended in hilly country as it provides effective engine-braking. Normal gear changing (up and down) between 1st and 2nd gear will take place automatically. Third and 4th gears are locked out. Do not move the selector to position 2 at speeds in excess of 70 mph (110 km/h). Position 1 should be used when maximum engine-braking is required on steep downhill slopes. Do not move the selector to position 1 at speeds in excess of 30 mph (50 km/h).

If the gear selector lever is moved from position D to 1, a change-down to 3rd gear will occur at about 110 mph (180 km/h). A change-down to 2nd gear will occur at about 75 mph (120 km/h) and to 1st gear at about 40 mph (65 km/h). When position 1 is selected, all the other gears will be locked out. Manual gear-changing is not recommended on slippery roads. If one of the drive wheels spins excessively, the engine torque will be reduced to avoid damaging the transmission

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Adaptive gear-change patterns Adaptive gear-change patterns are selected automatically depend- ing on the engine load. This function applies in the Normal and Sport modes. The change occurs at a higher rotation speed and the gear remains engaged for a longer period, if the control module senses that the load does not drop. These change patterns avoid unnecessary gear changes when, for example, driving on long inclines with a trailer, and to prevent overheating of the transmission oil. This function cuts in automatically if the oil becomes too hot, to protect the transmis- sion from damage, and lowers the oil temperature. The adaptive change pattern function is not activated at speeds over 93 mph (150 km/h). If a pattern is in operation when this speed is exceeded, it will be maintained until the control module senses that a more suitable one can be activated. The adaptive gear-change pattern function is deselected when: (cid:127) Winter mode is selected. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The load is reduced by so much that this function is no longer

required.

“Automatic transmission fault indicator” appears on the

main instrument panel, see page 165.

(cid:127) 168

Starting and driving

The SPORT and WINTER modes

To select Sport mode, press the ”S” button on the selector lever when the selector lever is in position N, D, 3, 2 or 1. In this mode, gear changes will take place at higher engine speeds than in Normal mode, in other words, the transmission will shift up later and shift down earlier for the same throttle (accel- erator) position. The Sport mode will be deselected if: (cid:127) The S button is pressed. (cid:127) The selector lever is moved to position P or R. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The Winter mode is selected.

“Automatic transmission fault indicator” appears on main instrument panel, see page 165.

To select Winter mode, press the “W“ button. The Winter mode facilitates starting off and driving on icy roads. Third gear is selected automatically for starting off to reduce wheelspin. Winter mode can be selected when the engine is running by pressing the ”W” button on the selec- tor-lever surround. It cannot be selected when the selector lever is in position 2 or 1. Note: It is still possible to use kick-down in the Winter mode, in which case a change-down to 2nd or 1st will take place. The Winter mode will be deselected if: (cid:127) The W button is pressed. (cid:127) The engine is switched off. (cid:127) The selector lever is moved to position 2 or 1. (cid:127) Kick-down is activated. (cid:127) The automatic-transmission fluid overheats.

“Automatic transmission fault indicator” appears on main instrument panel, see page 165.

(cid:127) (cid:127) Cruise Control

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not use the Cruise-control system on wet or icy roads, in dense traffic or on winding roads

(cid:127) To prevent the system being activated inadvertently, set the control to OFF when you do not want to use the system

For safety reasons (brake system func- tion) the brakes must be applied once, when the engine has started, before the cruise control system can be activated. The system is operated by means of the controls on the stalk switch: (cid:127) OFF (system is disconnected; the system

is always in the OFF position when the engine is started).

(cid:127) ON (system switched on). (cid:127) SET/+ (to set the desired speed). (cid:127) CANCEL (cancel operation of system,

e.g. to reduce speed temporarily). (cid:127) RESUME/– (resume preset speed). When the system is ON, the CRUISE indi- cator light will appear on the main instru- ment panel and will be extinguished when the system is switched OFF. If CANCEL is selected, CRUISE will flash off once.

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169

Temporary increase in speed Press the accelerator to override the preset speed, e.g. for overtaking. When you release the accelerator, the system will revert to the preset speed. To cancel temporarily Move the control stalk to CANCEL (spring-loaded position before OFF posi- tion). This will disengage the system but the preset speed will be retained in the system memory. (The memory is deleted when the engine is switched off.) To re-engage the system To revert to the preset speed, slide the switch to RESUME/–. This will only operate when the car’s speed is above 25 mph (40 km/h). To reduce the preset speed The cruise-control system will always disen- gage automatically the moment that either the brake pedal or the clutch pedal is depressed. It is also possible to reduce the speed by: (cid:127) Sliding the button to RESUME/– once will

reduce the speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h).

(cid:127) Holding the button in the RESUME/–

position will effect a gradual reduction in speed until the button is released.

To set the desired speed Move the switch to ON. Accelerate to the desired speed (minimum speed: 25 mph (40 km/h) and press SET/+. To increase the preset speed Accelerate to the desired speed and press SET/+. You can also increase the speed of the car using the SET/+ button. Press it once to increase the speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h) or hold it in and release when the desired speed is reached.

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Starting and driving

Disengaging the system The system will be disengaged: (cid:127) When the brake or clutch pedal is

depressed.

(cid:127) When the switch is moved to CANCEL. (cid:127) When the switch is moved to OFF. (cid:127) When the engine is switched off. (cid:127) When the selector lever is moved to posi- tion N (cars with automatic transmission).

Braking To avoid overheating the brakes, (e.g. when negotiating long descents with a drop of several hundred feet), select a low gear to use the braking effect of the engine. If the car has automatic transmission, move the selector lever to position 1 or 2. When driving fast, you can help to prolong the life of the brakes by thinking ahead and braking harder for short periods, rather than braking more moderately over long stretches. Brake pad wear indicators The outboard brake pads on the front wheels incorporate pad-wear indicators. When the lining is down to 3 mm, the pad will produce a screeching, squealing or scraping noise when the brakes are applied. New pads should be installed without delay. Brake pads should only be replaced by an authorized Saab dealer. To ensure optimum brake performance, it is recommended that you use only Saab original brake pads.

WARNING

(cid:127) It is prudent to try your brakes from

time to time, especially when driving in heavy rain, through water collected on the road, in snow, on a wet road sur- face or in salty slush. In such condi- tions, the brakes may take longer than normal to take effect. To rectify this, touch the brake pedal periodically to dry the brakes out.

(cid:127) The same applies after the car has

been washed or when the weather is very humid.

(cid:127) Avoid parking the car with wet brakes. Before parking, and if the traffic condi- tions allow, brake quite heavily so that the brake discs and pads warm up and dry.

(cid:127) The brakes are power assisted and it should be kept in mind that the servo unit only provides the power assis- tance when the engine is running.

(cid:127) The brake pressure required when the

engine is off,( e.g. when the car is being towed) is roughly four times the normal pedal force required. The pedal also feels hard and unrespon- sive.

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171

ABS braking - confirmation that the sys- tem is operating

Braking with ABS - evasive steering

The ABS system will not reduce the braking distance on loose gravel or on snow or ice but, because the wheels cannot lock up, some steering control is retained. When the ABS system is working, i.e. mod- ulation of the brake pressure is in progress, the brake pedal will pulsate and a ticking noise will be heard. All this is perfectly nor- mal. Press the pedal down hard (you cannot press too hard) and steer the car to safety.

Do not release the brake pedal before the car has come to a halt or the danger is past! This is critical. If the road is slippery, the ABS system will operate even when only light pressure is applied to the pedal. This means that you can brake gently to test the condition of the road and adapt your driving accordingly. It is well worth practising the use of ABS brakes on a skid pad or other suitable facil- ity.

ABS brakes

WARNING

(cid:127) The additional safety afforded by the ABS system is not designed to allow drivers to drive faster but to make normal driving safer.

(cid:127) To stop as quickly as possible, without

loss of directional stability, whether the road surface is dry, wet or slippery, press the brake pedal down hard without letting up (do not pump the pedal), declutching simulta- neously, and steer the car to safety.

ABS (Antilock Braking System) modulates the brake pressure to the respective wheels. Wheel sensors detect if a wheel is about to lock, and the control module reduces the pressure to that wheel and then increases it once more until the tendency is detected again. The brake system is equipped with an Elec- tronic Brake-force Distribution device (EBD), which distributes the brake pressure between the front and rear wheels in such a way as to achieve optimum braking perfor- mance regardless of the car’s speed and load. The ABS system has a built-in diagnostic function which will switch on the ABS warn- ing light if a fault is detected in the system (see page 62).

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172
Traction Control System How the system works The traction control system (TCS) is designed to prevent wheelspin. This enables the car to achieve the best possible grip and, hence, maximum tractive effort, together with greater stability. The TCS system uses information from the ABS system’s wheel sensors to detect when the front (driving) wheels are rotating faster then the rear wheels. It then monitors whether one driving wheel is rotating faster than the other. If so, the faster wheel is retarded until both wheels are rotating at the same speed. If the two front wheels are rotating at the same speed but are turning faster than the rear wheels, the torque from the engine is reduced to eliminate the difference. The process continues until all the wheels are rotating at the same speed.

The advantages of the TCS system become most apparent when the cohesion between the front wheels and the road surface is so low that one or both of the wheels would lose their grip were the car not equipped with the TCS, e.g.: (cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing with the front wheels on different sur- faces (e.g. one slippery and one dry). The TCS then functions like an electronic dif- ferential lock.

(cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing on a slippery road, in which case the TCS eliminates wheelspin. The same applies when the car is reversing.

(cid:127) On cornering, if there is a tendency for the inner front wheel to rotate faster than the other wheels. (cid:127) On overtaking.

WARNING

In normal driving, the TCS system enhances the safety of the car, but it does not mean that the car can be driven faster. The same care and prudence normally applied should be displayed on cornering and when driving on slippery roads.

TCS OFF The TCS OFF indicator on the main instru- ment panel will come on:

If a fault has been detected and the system has therefore been switched off. If there is a fault in the ABS system. If the system has been switched off man- ually.

The indicator light will also come on for 4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to ON, while an internal system check is per- formed. TCS indicator The indicator light will come on for 4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to ON, while an internal system check is per- formed. The TCS light in the tachometer comes on when the system is operative, i.e. when the wheels are not rotating at the same speed. The fact that the TCS system is operative indicates that the limit for grip has been exceeded and that the driver must exert greater care.

(cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) Turning the TCS off The TCS is switched on automatically when the engine is started. The system can be switched off manually by the TCS button, whereupon TCS OFF on the main instrument panel will come on. The TCS system cannot be switched off if the car is travelling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h). It may be necessary to switch off the system if the car has become bogged down, for instance. Press TCS to switch it on again. If a fault is detected in the ABS system, the TCS will be switched off automatically. The cruise-control system will automatically be disengaged after one second if it is active when the TCS starts to operate.

Starting and driving

173

174

Starting and driving

Parking brake The parking brake lever is located between the front seats. The brake acts on the rear wheels. When the parking brake is on, the indicator lamp on the main instrument panel will be lit. To release the brake, lift the lever slightly, press the pawl button, and let the lever down.

WARNING

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake when

the car is parked.

(cid:127) Always apply the parking brake before

removing the ignition key.

(cid:127) Never use the parking brake while the

car is moving.

Parking

WARNING

(cid:127) Park where the vehicle will not create

an obstruction or a hazard to other road users.

(cid:127) Do not park on dry grass or other com-

bustible material. The catalytic con- verter gets very hot and could start a fire.

(cid:127) Do not leave children or pets unat- tended in the car. In warm, sunny weather, the temperature inside the car can reach 160–180°F (70–80°C).

NOTE

(cid:127) Apply the parking brake. (cid:127) Shift into Reverse for manual trans-

mission; for automatic transmission: move selector lever to P (Park)), and remove the ignition key.

(cid:127) Lock the car.

NOTE

Saab 9-3 Viggen: The body design together with the relatively low ground clearance of the car means that great care must be taken during parking to avoid damage to the under part of the bumper.

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175

(cid:127) Wash and wax the car. Clean the rubber seals on the hood, trunk lid and doors, and lubricate them with glycerol (glyc- erin).

(cid:127) After washing the car, dry the brake discs

by taking the car out on the road and applying the brakes a few times. If the traf- fic conditions allow, brake quite heavily just before parking.

(cid:127) Fill the fuel tank with fuel to prevent con-

densation forming in it.

(cid:127) Top up the coolant and check the anti-

freeze before the onset of winter. (cid:127) Park the car in a dry, covered and

well-ventilated building. Leave the park- ing brake OFF!

(cid:127) Disconnect the negative (-) battery lead.

If freezing temperatures are likely to occur during the long-term parking, remove the battery and store it away from freezing temperatures. Ideally, the car should be put up on blocks, with the wheels off the ground. If this is not possible, inflate the tires to about 43 psi (300 kPa).

(cid:127) Leave all the windows open a crack and cover the car with a fabric tarpaulin - not one made of plastic which will not breath.

1 Pointing downhill and

against the curb – Turn the wheels into the curb and edge the car for- ward until the wheels touch the curb.

2 Pointing uphill and

against the curb – Turn the wheels away from the curb and edge the car back until the wheels touch the curb.

3 Pointing uphill or down-

hill – no curb – Turn the wheels towards the edge of the road. If the car should start rolling, it will not run into the road.

Parking on a hill When parking on a steep hill, turn the front wheels so that they will be blocked by the curb if the car should move.

Long-term parking If the car is not going to be used for some time, e.g. 3–4 months, the following steps are recommended: (cid:127) Run the engine to normal temperature

before long-term parking.

(cid:127) Drain the washer-fluid reservoir and

hoses.

(cid:127) 176
Starting and driving Economical motoring Factors affecting fuel consumption Fuel consumption is greatly affected by the general driving conditions, the way in which the car is driven and at what speeds, the weather, the state of the road, the condition of the car, etc. Breaking-in Fuel consumption may be somewhat higher during the break-in period (the first 3,000– 4,000 miles (5,000–7,000 km). Weather conditions Fuel consumption can be as much as 10 % lower in summer than in winter. The higher consumption in cold weather is explained by the longer time it takes for the engine to reach normal operating temperature, and for the transmission and wheel bearings to warm up. Fuel economy is also affected by the distance driven: short journeys of 3-5 miles (5-8 km) do not give the engine enough time to reach normal temperature. Strong winds can also affect fuel consump- tion.

the engine has started from cold. Thus, if the car is mainly used for short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km), the fuel consumption will be 60–80 % higher than normal. Driving technique (cid:127) To obtain the best running economy, not only regarding fuel consumption but gen- eral wear also, regular service is required.

(cid:127) High speed, unnecessary acceleration,

heavy braking and much low gear work all gives rise to higher fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Frequent gear changing in traffic, starting in cold weather, the use of studded tires and roof racks, and towing a trailer all increase fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Do not run the engine when the car is sta-

tionary. If idling, it will take much longer before the engine becomes hot. Engine wear is greatest during this warming-up phase. Therefore drive away as soon as possible after the engine is started and avoid high revving.

Percentage increase in fuel consumption of engine starting from cold compared to engine at normal temperature

How to read the graph: If fuel consumption with the engine at normal temperature is 28 mpg (10l/100 km), the actual fuel consumption 3 miles (5 km) after the engine has started from cold will be: – 23.5 mpg (12l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 68°F (20°C) (increase of 20%)

– 17.7 mpg (16l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 32°F (0°C) (increase of 60%)

– 14 mpg (20l/100 km)) at outside temp. of

–4°F (–20°C) (increase of 100%)

As can be seen, both the distance travelled by the car and the outside temperature have a major impact on fuel consumption after

(cid:127) Driving in a low gear results in higher fuel consumption than in a high gear because of the lower engine speed for a given road speed. Always change up to a higher gear as soon as traffic conditions allow and use the highest gear as much as possible.

(cid:127) Check the air pressure in the tires once a month. Incorrect pressures increase tire wear. It is better to have slightly higher pressure than lower.

(cid:127) Check fuel consumption regularly.

Increased consumption can indicate that something is wrong and that the car needs to be checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

Practical tests on the roads have demon- strated that substantial savings in fuel con- sumption can be made if the above advice is heeded. Road conditions Wet roads increase fuel consumption, as do unpaved roads and driving in hilly country (the amount of fuel saved driving downhill is less than the additional amount required to climb the hill).

Engine block heater (standard equipment in Canada, accessory in U.S.) The following are just some of the benefits to the car and the environment of using an engine block heater: (cid:127) Lower fuel consumption. (cid:127) Reduced wear on the engine. Inside of car warms up faster.

(cid:127) Exhaust emissions substantially reduced

over short runs.

The engine block heater is effective with outside temperatures up to +60 – +70°F (+15 – +20°C). The warmer it is outside, the shorter the time the heater need be con- nected. Longer than 1.5 hours is unneces- sary. If the car is equipped with a removable elec- trical cabin heater that is not in use, this should be stored in the luggage compart- ment.

Starting and driving

177

Driving in cold weather Before starting a journey in cold weather you should check the following: (cid:127) That the wiper blades have not become

frozen to the windshield/glass.

(cid:127) Brush any snow away from the air intake for the heater system (opening between hood and windshield). It may be advisable to lubricate the door-lock cylinder (use molybdenum disulphide, MoS2) to prevent its freezing. If the lock has frozen, take care not to break the key (or use the remote control) – heat it first or spray it with de-icer.

(cid:127) Periodically during the winter, add gaso- line anti-freeze to the fuel to dispel any condensation in the fuel tank which could freeze and cause problems in the system. Keep the tank well filled to reduce the risk of condensation forming. If the car is parked outside in freezing weather, fuel additives (gasoline anti-freeze) will not do any good as it cannot remove water that has already fro- zen. Park the car in a warm place so that any ice that may have built up melts, then add gasoline anti-freeze when filling up the tank. Condensation is caused by changes in the outdoor temperature or by the car being parked alternately in a garage and outside. It is particularly important when the roads are slippery that the brakes and tires be in good condition.

(cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) 178

Starting and driving

(cid:127) Check the anti-freeze in the engine cool-

ant, see page 198.

The car´s trip computer will warn you when there is a risk of slippery conditions. For fur- ther information on this function, see page 69. The car is equipped with tires designed to provide optimum grip on both wet and dry roads, although this has been achieved at the expense of somewhat reduced grip on snow and ice. For regular driving on snow and ice, we therefore recommend that winter (snow) tires be fitted. Winter (snow) tires, particularly studded tires (where use is legally permitted), gener- ally make driving safer on snow and ice.

Acquaint yourself with the legal provi- sions governing the use of different types of winter tires and snow chains. Studded tires are not allowed in some countries. If winter tires are installed, the same type must be installed on all wheels. Your Saab dealer will be pleased to advise you on the best tires for your car. Remember that tires age. It may therefore be necessary to change them before they reach the legal wear limit, as they gradually lose their friction properties. Date code, see page 220. The best response if the car gets into a front-wheel skid is to freewheel (manual gearbox only), i.e. disengage the clutch (so that the wheels are neither driven nor braked by the engine) and carefully steer the wheels in the direction you want to go. If the car has an automatic transmission you should lift off the accelerator somewhat and carefully steer the wheels in the direction you want to go. In a rear-wheel skid, steer into the skid, i.e. in the same direction as that in which the back is sliding.

Tire chains If you want to fit tire chains (where legally permitted) they should only be installed to the tires recommended under ”Technical data” (see page 252). Consult your Saab dealer for details about approved tire chains.

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not exceed 30 mph (50 km/h)

when tire chains are fitted.

(cid:127) Tire chains can reduce the directional

stability of the car.

(cid:127) Tire chains must not be used on the

rear wheels.

NOTE

(cid:127) Check the links frequently for wear. (cid:127) Check that the chains do not contact

the wheel-arch liner at full lock.

(cid:127) See section "Technical data", page

252, for information on allowable wheel dimensions for the fitting of tire chains.

Driving in hot weather (cid:127) Always check the coolant level before starting a journey. When the engine is cold, the coolant must not be above the KALT/COLD mark on the expansion tank. (cid:127) At the end of a journey, if the engine has

worked hard, allow it to idle for two or three minutes before switching it off. If the needle on the temperature gauge enters the red zone: 1 Bring the car to a standstill but leave the engine running. Do not remove the cap on the expansion tank even if the tank is empty. The engine temperature should decrease. If the temperature continues to rise with the engine idling, the engine must be switched off.

2 If the engine is idling and the needle on the temperature gauge falls, wait until a normal temperature is shown (about in the middle of the scale) before switching off the engine. If the coolant needs top- ping up, unscrew the cap on expansion tank carefully. Top up, as necessary, ideally with a 50/50 mixture of coolant and water. Use a Saab-approved coolant. If only water is available, use that, but remember to have the coolant mixture checked as soon as possible.

WARNING

Always undo the expansion tank filler cap carefully, releasing the pressure and any vapor before removing the cap com- pletely.

3 As soon as possible, have the cooling

system checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

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179

Towing a trailer Trailer hitch attachment Trailer hitch attachments are available as accessories. These are designed for a max- imum trailer weight of 3500 lbs (1588 kg), with trailer brakes, see also page 246. Use only the electrical trailer hitch connec- tor provided in the trailer hitch kit. Saab recommends: (cid:127) Use a Saab original hitch kit attachment which is designed and tested by Saab. (cid:127) Consult your Saab dealer for the right

hitch kit for your car.

NOTE

Use only a genuine Saab trailer hitch and wiring, since other wiring methods can cause expensive damage to the car’s body and electrical system. Consult an authorized Saab dealer for guidance on how to connect the trailer hitch electrical system.

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Starting and driving

Maximum recommended caravan weights for different gradients

NOTE

Saab 9-3 Viggen cannot be equipped with a trailer hitch because of the design of the body and chassis.

Trailer weight Maximum recommended trailer weights for different gradients, for best comfort and driveability for manual and automatic cars, are shown in the drawing. Make sure you are familiar with the law regarding speed limits for towing, maxi- mum trailer weights, trailer-braking requirements, and also any special driving-license provisions (see also page 246).

WARNING

When towing a trailer, do not attempt to negotiate a hill having a gradient in excess of 15%. The weight distribution over the front wheels of the car will be insufficient to prevent wheelspin, making further progress impossible. In addition, the parking brake may not always be able to hold the car and trailer securely, with the result that the wheels can start to slide downhill.

The specified trailer weights and gradients assume you are operating in hilly terrain and therefore apply only to short trips.

Recommendations for cars with auto- matic transmission The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in warm weather, i.e. approximately 86°F (30°C).

Gradient of hill, %

6-7
8-9
10-15

Maximum dura- tion, minutes

Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 3330 (1500) Unlimited 3330 (1500) 15 max. 1890 (850) 15 max.

The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in hot weather, i.e. approximately 104°F (40°C).

Gradient of hill, %

6-7
8-9
10-15

Maximum dura- tion, minutes

Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 2000 (900) Unlimited 2000 (900) 1000 (450)

15 max. 15 max.

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181

Do not drive continuously with the WINTER mode selected in hilly country when you are towing a trailer, as this will increase fuel con- sumption and risk overheating the transmis- sion. Driving considerations Always take extra care when towing a trailer, as the car’s handling will be different and its braking effect reduced. The trailer’s braking system and suspension also have a considerable effect on these characteris- tics, see also "Driving with a load" page 184. If the car is equipped with automatic trans- mission, select position 1 when ascending or descending steep hills.

NOTE

“Automatic transmission fault

If the indicator” warning comes on, cease towing until the problem has been recti- fied.

Use Normal mode when driving with a cara- van or trailer on hilly roads. The adaptive gear change pattern function will prevent the transmission overheating. Rises in coolant temperature are indicated by the temperature gauge in the main instru- ment panel. The following may also occur: (cid:127) A/C compressor is switched off (cid:127) Gear change pattern is altered (cid:127) The CHECK message TRANSMISSION

OVERHEATING appears on the SID

If TRANSMISSION OVERHEATING appears on the SID, stop the car as soon as it is safe to do so and wait until the message has been extinguished. When driving sub- sequent to the transmission oil overheating, select either 3rd gear or Drive, whichever will allow the engine to run at 3,000 rpm and maintain the speed of traffic or a safe speed; see page 165.

WARNING

Remember to use engine-braking (selec- tor position 1, 2, or 3) to spare the brakes when you are driving on a long or steep downhill slope. Brake failure can result from overheated brakes!

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Starting and driving

Trailer hitch load The weight distribution on the trailer makes a lot of difference to the handling properties of the car and trailer combination.With sin- gle-axle trailers, whenever possible, con- centrate the load over the axle and keep it as low as possible. The trailer should be loaded so that the maximum load on the towbar ball is 5% to 7% of the trailer weight with a maximum per- missible tongue weight of 165 lbs (75 kg). Note that this load must be added to the total load for the car. If this now exceeds the specified load capacity, the load in the trunk will have to be reduced by a corresponding amount.

Distribution of load in trailer a Light b Moderate c Heavy

Driving with a roof rack load

WARNING

(cid:127) A roof load will affect the car’s center

of gravity and aerodynamics. Be aware of this when cornering and driv- ing in crosswinds.

(cid:127) Adjust your speed to the prevailing

conditions.

(cid:127) Due to higher aerodynamic drag, fuel economy may suffer when driving with a roof rack.

The maximum permissible roof load is