2000 Saab 9 3 Owners Manual

are recommended: (cid:127) Run the engine to normal temperature

before long-term parking.

(cid:127) Drain the washer-fluid reservoir and

hoses.

(cid:127) Top up the coolant and check the anti-

freeze before the onset of winter. (cid:127) Park the car in a dry, covered and

well-ventilated building. Leave the park- ing brake OFF!

(cid:127) Disconnect the negative (-) battery lead.

If freezing temperatures are likely to occur during the long-term parking, remove the battery and store it away from freezing temperatures. Ideally, the car should be put up on blocks, with the wheels off the ground. If this is not possible, inflate the tires to about 43 psi (300 kPa).

(cid:127) Leave all the windows open a crack and cover the car with a fabric tarpaulin - not one made of plastic which will not breath.

(cid:127) Starting and driving

153

the engine has started from cold. Thus, if the car is mainly used for short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km), the fuel consumption will be 60–80 % higher than normal. Driving technique (cid:127) To obtain the best running economy, not only regarding fuel consumption but gen- eral wear also, regular service is required.

(cid:127) High speed, unnecessary acceleration,

heavy braking and much low gear work all gives rise to higher fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Frequent gear changing in traffic, starting in cold weather, the use of studded tires and roof racks, and towing a trailer all increase fuel consumption.

(cid:127) Do not run the engine when the car is sta-

tionary. If idling, it will take much longer before the engine becomes hot. Engine wear is greatest during this warming-up phase. Therefore drive away as soon as possible after the engine is started and avoid high revving.

Economical motoring Factors affecting fuel consumption Fuel consumption is greatly affected by the general driving conditions, the way in which the car is driven and at what speeds, the weather, the state of the road, the condition of the car, etc. Breaking-in Fuel consumption may be somewhat higher during the break-in period (the first 3,000– 4,000 miles (5,000–7,000 km) than stated under ”Technical data”. Weather conditions Fuel consumption can be as much as 10 % lower in summer than in winter. The higher consumption in cold weather is explained by the longer time it takes for the engine to reach normal operating temperature, and for the transmission and wheel bearings to warm up. Fuel economy is also affected by the distance driven: short journeys of 3-5 miles (5-8 km) do not give the engine enough time to reach normal temperature. Strong winds can also affect fuel consump- tion.

Percentage increase in fuel consumption of engine starting from cold compared to engine at normal temperature

How to read the graph: If fuel consumption with the engine at normal temperature is 28 mpg (10l/100 km), the actual fuel consumption 3 miles (5 km) after the engine has started from cold will be: – 23.5 mpg (12l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 68°F (20°C) (increase of 20%)

– 17.7 mpg (16l/100 km) at outside temp.

of 32°F (0°C) (increase of 60%)

– 14 mpg (20l/100 km)) at outside temp. of

–4°F (–20°C) (increase of 100%)

As can be seen, both the distance travelled by the car and the outside temperature have a major impact on fuel consumption after

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Starting and driving

(cid:127) Driving in a low gear results in higher fuel consumption than in a high gear because of the lower engine speed for a given road speed. Always change up to a higher gear as soon as traffic conditions allow and use the highest gear as much as possible.

(cid:127) Check the air pressure in the tires once a month. Incorrect pressures increase tire wear. It is better to have slightly higher pressure than lower.

(cid:127) Check fuel consumption regularly.

Increased consumption can indicate that something is wrong and that the car needs to be checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

Practical tests on the roads have demon- strated that substantial savings in fuel con- sumption can be made if the above advice is heeded. Road conditions Wet roads increase fuel consumption, as do unpaved roads and driving in hilly country (the amount of fuel saved driving downhill is less than the additional amount required to climb the hill).

Engine block heater (standard equipment in Canada, accessory in U.S.) The following are just some of the benefits to the car and the environment of using an engine block heater: (cid:127) Lower fuel consumption. (cid:127) Reduced wear on the engine. Inside of car warms up faster.

(cid:127) Exhaust emissions substantially reduced

over short runs.

The engine block heater is effective with outside temperatures up to +60 – +70°F (+15 – +20°C). The warmer it is outside, the shorter the time the heater need be con- nected. Longer than 1.5 hours is unneces- sary. If the car is equipped with a removable elec- trical cabin heater that is not in use, this should be stored in the luggage compart- ment.

Driving in cold weather Before starting a journey in cold weather you should check the following: (cid:127) That the wiper blades have not become

frozen to the windshield/glass.

(cid:127) Brush any snow away from the air intake for the heater system (opening between hood and windshield). It may be advisable to lubricate the door-lock cylinder (use molybdenum disulphide, MoS2) to prevent its freezing. If the lock has frozen, take care not to break the key (or use the remote control) – heat it first or spray it with de-icer.

(cid:127) Periodically during the winter, add gaso- line anti-freeze to the fuel to dispel any condensation in the fuel tank which could freeze and cause problems in the system. Keep the tank well filled to reduce the risk of condensation forming. If the car is parked outside in freezing weather, fuel additives (gasoline anti-freeze) will not do any good as it cannot remove water that has already fro- zen. Park the car in a warm place so that any ice that may have built up melts, then add gasoline anti-freeze when filling up the tank. Condensation is caused by changes in the outdoor temperature or by the car being parked alternately in a garage and outside. It is particularly important when the roads are slippery that the brakes and tires be in good condition.

(cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) Check the anti-freeze in the engine cool-

ant, see page 174.

The car´s trip computer will warn you when there is a risk of slippery conditions. For fur- ther information on this function, see page 62. The car is equipped with tires designed to provide optimum grip on both wet and dry roads, although this has been achieved at the expense of somewhat reduced grip on snow and ice. For regular driving on snow and ice, we therefore recommend that winter (snow) tires be fitted. Winter (snow) tires, particularly studded tires (where use is legally permitted), gener- ally make driving safer on snow and ice.

Acquaint yourself with the legal provi- sions governing the use of different types of winter tires and snow chains. Studded tires are not allowed in some countries. If winter tires are installed, the same type must be installed on all wheels. Your Saab dealer will be pleased to advise you on the best tires for your car. Remember that tires age. It may therefore be necessary to change them before they reach the legal wear limit, as they gradually lose their friction properties. The best response if the car gets into a front-wheel skid is to freewheel (manual gearbox only), i.e. disengage the clutch (so that the wheels are neither driven nor braked by the engine) and carefully steer the wheels in the direction you want to go. If the car has an automatic transmission you should lift off the accelerator somewhat and carefully steer the wheels in the direction you want to go. In a rear-wheel skid, steer into the skid, i.e. in the same direction as that in which the back is sliding.

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Tire chains If you want to fit tire chains (where legally permitted) they should only be installed to the tires recommended under ”Technical data” (see page 227). Consult your Saab dealer for details about approved tire chains.

WARNING

(cid:127) Do not exceed 30 mph (50 km/h)

when tire chains are fitted.

(cid:127) Tire chains can reduce the directional

stability of the car.

(cid:127) Tire chains must not be used on the

rear wheels.

NOTE

(cid:127) Check the links frequently for wear. (cid:127) Check that the chains do not contact

the wheel-arch liner at full lock.

(cid:127) See section "Technical data", page

227, for information on allowable wheel dimensions for the fitting of tire chains.

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156
Driving in hot weather (cid:127) Always check the coolant level before starting a journey. When the engine is cold, the coolant must not be above the KALT/COLD mark on the expansion tank. (cid:127) At the end of a journey, if the engine has

worked hard, allow it to idle for two or three minutes before switching it off. If the needle on the temperature gauge enters the red zone: 1 Bring the car to a standstill but leave the engine running. Do not remove the cap on the expansion tank even if the tank is empty. The engine temperature should decrease. If the temperature continues to rise with the engine idling, the engine must be switched off.

2 If the engine is idling and the needle on the temperature gauge falls, wait until a normal temperature is shown (about in the middle of the scale) before switching off the engine. If the coolant needs top- ping up, unscrew the cap on expansion tank carefully. Top up, as necessary, ideally with a 50/50 mixture of coolant and water. Use a Saab-approved coolant. If only water is available, use that, but remember to have the coolant mixture checked as soon as possible.

WARNING

Always undo the expansion tank filler cap carefully, releasing the pressure and any vapor before removing the cap com- pletely.

3 As soon as possible, have the cooling

system checked by an authorized Saab dealer.

Towing a trailer Trailer hitch attachment Trailer hitch attachments are available as accessories. These are designed for a max- imum trailer weight of 2000 lbs (900 kg), see also page 222. Use only the electrical trailer hitch socket provided in the trailer hitch kit. Saab recommends: (cid:127) Use a Saab original hitch kit attachment which is designed and tested by Saab.

(cid:127) Consult your Saab dealer as regards the

right hitch kit for your car.

NOTE

Use only a genuine Saab trailer hitch and wiring, since other wiring methods can cause expensive damage to the car’s body and electrical system. Consult an authorized Saab dealer for guidance on how to connect the trailer hitch electrical system.

0

NOTE

Saab 9-3 Viggen cannot be equipped with a trailer hitch because of the design of the body and chassis.

Trailer weight Maximum recommended trailer weights for different gradients, for best comfort and driveability for manual and automatic cars, are shown in the drawing. Make sure you are familiar with the law regarding speed limits for towing, maxi- mum trailer weights, trailer-braking requirements, and also any special driving-license provisions (see also page 222).

WARNING

When towing a trailer, do not attempt to negotiate a hill having a gradient in excess of 15%. The weight distribution over the front wheels of the car will be insufficient to prevent wheelspin, making further progress impossible. In addition, the parking brake may not always be able to hold the car and trailer securely, with the result that the wheels can start to slide downhill.

The specified trailer weights and gradients assume you are operating in hilly terrain and therefore apply only to short trips.

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157

Recommendations for cars with auto- matic transmission The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in warm weather, i.e. approximately 86°F (30°C).

Gradient of hill, %

10-15

Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 1890 (850)

Maximum dura- tion, minutes

15 max.

The following time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in warm weather, i.e. approximately 104°F (40°C).

Gradient of hill, %

10-15

Maximum trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 1110 (500)

Maximum dura- tion, minutes

15 max.

When negotiating long hills, bear the follow- ing important considerations in mind: Do not drive continuously with the WINTER mode selected in hilly country when you are towing a trailer, as this will increase fuel con- sumption and risk overheating the transmis- sion.

Driving with a roof rack load

WARNING

(cid:127) A roof load will affect the car’s center

of gravity and aerodynamics. Be aware of this when cornering and driv- ing in crosswinds.

(cid:127) Adjust your speed to the prevailing

conditions.

The maximum permissible roof load is 220 lbs (100 kg). Note that the roof load is included in the car’s maximum permissible load (see page 221). Strong, sturdy roof carriers designed spe- cially for the car are available from your Saab dealer. Always secure the roof load safely.

Distribution of load in trailer a Light b Moderate c Heavy

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Starting and driving

Trailer hitch load The weight distribution on the trailer makes a lot of difference to the handling properties of the car and trailer combination.With sin- gle-axle trailers, whenever possible, con- centrate the load over the axle and keep it as low as possible. The trailer should be loaded so that the maximum load on the towbar ball is 5% to 7% of the trailer weight with a maximum per- missible tongue weight of 165 lbs (75 kg). Note that this load must be added to the total load for the car. If this now exceeds the specified load capacity, the load in the trunk will have to be reduced by a corresponding amount. Driving considerations Always take extra care when towing a trailer, as the car’s handling will be different and its braking effect reduced. The trailer’s braking system and suspension also have a considerable effect on these characteris- tics, see also "Driving with a load" page 160. If the car is equipped with automatic trans- mission, select position 1 when ascending or descending steep hills.

NOTE

“Automatic transmission fault

If the indicator” warning comes on, cease towing until the problem has been recti- fied.

Installing the roof carriers (acces- sory) The carrier feet are marked with a top view of the car and an arrow indicating their positions. 1 Slip the plastic cover onto the adjustable foot of the carrier (the foot with a knob for tightening) to protect the paintwork during assembly.

2 Open all the doors.

Fold back the rubber strip and locate the fixing holes. On Coupés, the cover plates for the rearmost points of attach- ment must be removed.

3 Position the carrier gently across the

roof, with the rigid foot towards you. Hold the foot clear of the roof to avoid damag- ing the paintwork.

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159

Mounting holes for load carrier, front on Coupés and front/rear on five-door mod- els

Carrier mounting, rear, on Coupés

7 When fitting the rear carrier on Coupés, press the foot down over the pins in the mounting and slide it forward.

8 Make the carrier hand-tight by turning

the knob clockwise.

4 Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins of the foot into the fixing holes. In fit- ting the rear carrier on Coupés, press the foot down over the pins in the mount- ing and slide it forward.

5 Carefully close the doors on this side, so

as to hold the feet in place.

6 Move to the other side of the car and

remove the plastic cover from the adjustable foot. Fold back the rubber strip and insert the pins of the foot into the fixing holes.

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160
Driving with a load The driving characteristics of the car are affected by the way it is loaded. (cid:127) Place heavy loads as far forward and as

low as possible in the trunk.

(cid:127) Secure the load to the tie downs, see

page 129.

(cid:127) The load should be such that the car´s

total weight or axle weight are not exceeded, see page 221.

(cid:127) Heavy loads mean that the car’s center of gravity is further back. As a result, the car will sway more during evasive steering.

(cid:127) Never exceed the permissible load in the roof box, even if there is room for more. (cid:127) Ensure that the tire pressure is correct – slight overinflation is preferable to under- inflation.

(cid:127) The braking distance of a loaded car is

always greater. Keep your distance from the vehicle in front.

Tire pressure, see page 192 and back cover.

Towing the car

WARNING

(cid:127) The towing vehicle should always be heavier than the vehicle being towed. (cid:127) Never allow passengers to ride in the

car being towed.

(cid:127) Remember that the brake servo does

not operate when the engine is off. Much greater pressure than normal will therefore be required to operate the brake pedal.

(cid:127) Nor does the steering pump operate when the engine is off. The steering will therefore be much heavier than usual.

(cid:127) Always seek professional help if the

car needs to be towed.

The car is fitted with towing eyes at both front and rear. For access to the front towing eye, compress the grille (see illustration) and pull it straight out. If the car is equipped with a trailer hitch, this can be used to tow another car.

Front towing eye

Transporting the car

NOTE

If a car with sports (lowered) chassis is transported, for example on a flat bed truck, take extra care not to damage the spoiler and/or underbody.

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161

Towing a car with manual gearbox The gear lever must be in neutral. Switch hazard lights on. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles in tow. Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked vio- lently.

NOTE

If the car is to be towed with the front wheels off the ground, make sure the parking brake is off, as this acts on the rear wheels.

Rear towing eye

Front towing eye, Saab 9-3 Viggen

Saab 9-3 Viggen The front towing eye is stored in a storage bag beside the spare wheel. Remove the plastic cover with a screwdriver from the car’s toolkit, and screw in the towing eye.

NOTE

The design of the underside of the rear bumper means that the rear towing eye must not be used. This is to prevent dam- aging the bumper.

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Starting and driving

Towing a car with automatic transmission The following rules must be observed if a car with automatic transmission is to be towed. The gear selector must be in the N position. Switch hazard lights on. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles in tow. Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked vio- lently.

NOTE

The car must be towed front first. If the car is to be towed with the front wheels off the ground, make sure the parking brake is off, as this acts on the rear wheels.

1 Selector lever in position N. 2 Raise the oil level in the gearbox above normal by 2 extra quarts. Use oil of type Texaco Texamatic Dexron III.

3 The local regulations on towing speeds

must be followed. The highest permissible towing speed is 30 mph (50 km/h), unless the legal limit is lower. The longest permissible towing distance is 25-30 miles (40-50 km). If the car has to be transported farther than that, summon a tow truck. A flat bed tow truck is the preferred method to tow.

4 When the car is being returned to ser-

vice, check the gearbox oil, and reduce it to the prescribed amount if necessary. The engine cannot be started by towing or pushing the car. In emergency, the engine can be started as described in the section ”Jump starting”.

Jump starting If your battery has run down, you may want to use another vehicle and some jumper cables to start your Saab. Follow the steps below to do it safely.

WARNING

Batteries can cause injury. They can be dangerous because: (cid:127) They contain acid that can burn you. (cid:127) They contain gas that can explode or

ignite.

(cid:127) They contain enough electricity to

injure you.

If you do not follow these steps exactly, some or all of these things can hurt you.

NOTE

Ignoring these steps could result in costly damage to your vehicle that would not be covered by your warranty. Trying to start your car by pushing or pull- ing it could damage your vehicle, even if you have a manual transmission. If you have an automatic transmission, your vehicle cannot be started by pushing or pulling it.

To jump start your vehicle: 1 Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.

NOTE

If the other system is not a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged.

2 Get the vehicles close enough so the

jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles are not touching each other. If a poor connection on the negative jumper cable should exist, it is possible for damage to be caused to electrical systems/components of either vehicle should inadvertent contact be made. You would not be able to start your car and bad grounding could damage the electrical systems.

WARNING

You could be injured if the vehicles roll. Set the parking brake firmly on each vehi- cle. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in Neu- tral.

3 Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Turn off all lights that are not needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries and it could save your radio.

NOTE

If you leave your radio on, it could be badly damaged. The repairs would not be covered by your warranty.

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163

4 Open the hood and locate the battery. Find the positive (+) and negative (-) termi- nals on the battery.

WARNING

An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

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Starting and driving

WARNING

Using a match or flame of any kind near a battery can cause battery gas to explode. You can suffer burns or be blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the battery has enough water. The battery installed in your new Saab has filler caps. Be sure the right amount of water is there. Add distilled or boiled water if the level is too low. If you don’t, explosive gas could be present. Be sure the electrolyte in the battery is not frozen. Discharged batteries will freeze. When connecting jumper cables to a frozen battery, gas from the chemical reaction inside the battery can build up under the ice and cause an explosion. Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Do not get it on you. If you acciden- tally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the area with water and get medical help immediately.

5 Check that the jumper cables do not

have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock and also the vehicles could be damaged. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (-) will go to negative (-) or a major metal engine part with a good ground. Do not connect (+) to (-) or you will get a short that could injure you or would damage the battery and maybe other parts as well.

6 Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal of the vehicle with the discharged battery.

7 Do not let the other end touch metal.

Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one.

8 Now connect the black negative (-)

cable to the good battery’s negative ter- minal. Do not let the other end touch anything until the next step. The other end of the negative cable does not go to the dead battery. It goes to a major metal part with a good ground on the engine of the vehi- cle with the discharged battery.

9 Attach the cable at least 18 inches

(45 cm) away from the discharged bat- tery, but not near engine parts that move. The electrical connection is just as good there, but the chance of sparks getting back to the battery is much less. 10 Start the vehicle with the good battery

and run the engine for a while.

11 Try to start the vehicle with the dis-

charged battery. If it does not start after a few tries, it probably needs service.

12 Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take care that they do not touch each other or any other metal.

Driving considerations with compact spare wheel/tire fitted

WARNING

Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h) as the tire can overheat and adversely affect the handling of the car. The tire should be inflated to 60 psi (420 kPa).

The following should be observed when the compact spare wheel (T115/70 R16) is installed: The compact spare is light and easy to handle when changing the wheel. Do not drive farther than necessary with the com- pact spare fitted – the maximum life of the wheel is only just over 2000 miles (3,500 km). Have the standard wheel repaired and reinstalled as soon as possi- ble. The car’s ground clearance is reduced with the compact spare fitted. Note that only one compact spare wheel may be used at any time. Take care not to hit the curb and do not fit snow chains. Leave the wheel cover off, so that the warning text is readily visible.

NOTE

To avoid damaging a punctured alloy wheel this can be placed outside up in the spare-wheel well but only while driving to the closest workshop. A general rule is that all heavy loads must be well secured in the luggage compart- ment, see page 129.

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165

For long trips Before starting off on a long journey, it is advisable to have your car inspected over by your Saab dealer. Obtain a few important items to take along on your journey such as spare bulbs, wiper blades, fuses, a Poly-Vee-belt and the like. You can check some points yourself before- hand: (cid:127) Make sure that the engine is in good con-

dition.

(cid:127) Check that no oil or fuel leaks out of the

engine or gearbox/transmission. Inspect the Poly-Vee-belt and replace it if it shows any signs of wear.

(cid:127) Check the battery charge. (cid:127) Check the tires for tread pattern and air pressure, including the compact spare wheel.

(cid:127) Take an extra car key/remote control and

keep it separate, see also page 30.

(cid:127) Check the brakes. (cid:127) Check all bulbs. (cid:127) Check for the presence of the tool kit and

the jack in the car.

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166
Driving with the trunk lid open Avoid driving with the trunk lid partly or fully open, since exhaust fumes can be drawn into the cabin. If you must drive with the trunk lid open, all windows and the sunroof (if fitted) must be closed and the cabin fan on at its highest speed setting.

Driving in deep water

NOTE

Do not drive in water deeper than 11” (30 cm) and do not drive faster than at idling speed. Water can otherwise be sucked into the engine. The engine will be damaged if water enters the intake sys- tem.

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167

Upholstery and trim ......... 200 Textile carpeting .............. 200 Engine bay........................ 201 Washing ............................ 201 Waxing and polishing...... 202 Touching up the paint ..... 202 Anti-corrosion treatment. 203 Recovery and/or recycling of automotive materials. 205 Air conditioning (A/C system) ........................... 207

Car care

Hood release handle ....... Engine .............................. Engine bay ....................... Engine oil ......................... Transmission fluid .......... Coolant............................. Brake- clutch fluid and brake pads ..................... Power steering ................ Battery.............................. Drive belt.......................... Wipers and washers ....... Wiper blades.................... Changing bulbs ............... Fuses................................ Wheels.............................. Safety belts ......................

168 168 169 172 173 174

176 177 177 179 179 179 181 187 192 199

Engine The engine is a transverse four-cylinder in-line engine with twin overhead camshafts and 16 valves. The engine is equipped with two balance shafts that reduce engine vibration to a min- mimum. The balance shafts are chain-driven and rotate at twice the speed of the crankshaft. They produce forces and torques that are opposed to those generated by the pistons and connecting rods. The effect occurs twice in each revolution of the engine, coun- teracting the vibration from its moving parts, and at the same time reducing unwanted engine noise. The gearbox, located on the right (viewed from the front), is integrated with the engine.

Hood release pressure plate

Car care

168
Hood release handle The handle of the hood lock is located on the left under the instrument panel. Open the hood in the following way: 1 Pull the release handle. 2 The hood moves to the half-locked posi- tion and is stopped by a safety catch at the front edge.

3 Press the lever of the catch upwards and

raise the hood.

When you close the hood you should drop it from a height of about 8 inches (20 cm), without slamming it.

Hood release handle

Engine bay

Car care

169

1 Engine-oil dipstick 2 Brake-fluid reservoir 3 Power-steering fluid reservoir 4 Fuse box 5 Coolant reservoir 6 MAXI fuses 7 Washer-fluid reservoir 8 Battery 9 Ignition discharge module 10 Drive belt 11 Air filter

170

Car care

Engine families Saab cars imported into the United States and Canada meet all applicable emission control standards. The engine family and appropriate tune-up specifications are iden- tified on a label affixed to the left front inner fender. These engine families meet applicable EPA Federal Standards, California State Stan- dards and Canadian Federal Standards and are equipped with the following systems: • Sequential multiport fuel injection system. (cid:127) Three way catalytic converter. (cid:127) Crankcase emissions control system. (cid:127) Evaporative emission system.

Emission control systems The systems for controlling emissions to the atmosphere require regular checking and adjustment at the intervals specified in the service program. In addition to meeting the exhaust emission regulations and thereby helping to keep the environment clean, a correctly tuned engine will also give maximum fuel economy.

Saab Trionic engine management system The Saab Trionic engine management system is a unique Saab development that combines sequential multiport fuel injection, electronic distributorless ignition and turbo- charger boost pressure control into one sys- tem. The Trionic engine control module (ECM) monitors many different engine parameters such as:

Intake manifold pressure. Intake air temperature.

(cid:127) Crankshaft position. (cid:127) Engine coolant temperature. (cid:127) Throttle position. (cid:127) The oxygen content of the exhaust gases. The ECM receives information regarding engine knocking from a sophisticated feed- back function in the ignition discharge unit. By processing all of this information, the Tri- onic system can control fuel injector open- ing duration, ignition timing and turbo- charger boost pressure to provide excellent engine performance while maintaining low emissions and fuel consumption.

(cid:127) (cid:127) Car care

171

NOTE

The Trionic engine management system continuously monitors the operation of these systems and has on-board diag- nostic capabilities (OBD II). If the CHECK ENGINE light in the main instrument illu- minates, the Trionic ECM has detected a problem. The car will continue to operate, but performance may be diminished. You should have your car checked by a Saab dealer as soon as possible.

ORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) All hydrocarbons formed when refuelling will be recovered by the car and not released into the atmosphere. The hydro- carbons are absorbed in an evaporative emission canister. When the engine is sub- sequently started, the evaporative emission canister is gradually purged as air is sucked into it through a shut-off valve. The hydro- carbon/air mixture passes through the evap canister purge valve and into the engine where it is burned. "Refueling", see page 138.

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172
Engine oil Checking the fluid level Regularly check the oil level in the engine. Do this with the car standing on level ground with the engine warm, 2-5 minutes after it has been turned off. Take the dipstick out and wipe it off with a clean rag before carry- ing out the check. The level must not be below the MIN mark on the dipstick, but nor should it be above the MAX mark. Excess engine oil could result in abnormal oil consumption. The distance between MIN and MAX corre- sponds to a volume of about one quart. When necessary, add oil of the recom- mended grade via the dipstick pipe. Make sure that the cap of the dipstick is screwed on properly after the check. Oil changing The engine oil must be changed in accor- dance with the service program, see page 215. Oil volume and grade, see page 223. Oil changing should be carried out on a warm engine.

Oil filler cap and dipstick

Drain plug

1 Unscrew the drain plug in the bottom of the sump and leave the oil to drain into an oil tray or other suitable receptacle for at least ten minutes. Take care, as the oil may be hot.

2 After the oil has been drained, unscrew

and remove the oil filter.

3 Fit a new filter and tighten it by hand. 4 Refit the drain plug with a new washer. 5 Add new oil.

Run the engine to normal temperature and check the oil level.

NOTE

Change of engine oil and oil filter may be required more frequently (5000-mile intervals (8,000 km)) if any one of the fol- lowing conditions apply to the car:

(cid:127) Most trips are less than 5 to 10 miles (8 to 16 km). This is particularly important when outside temperatures are below freezing.

(cid:127) Most trips include extensive idling

(such as frequent stop-and-go driving).

(cid:127) Most trips are through dusty areas.

(cid:127) You frequenty tow a trailer or use a car-

rier on top of your vehicle.

If the vehicle is used for delivery ser- vice, police, taxi or other commerical applications.

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173

WARNING

MAX +80°

(cid:127) Prolonged and repeated exposure of the skin to engine oil can cause seri- ous skin disorders.

(cid:127) Avoid prolonged skin contact when-

ever possible. Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water after any contact.

(cid:127) Keep oil out of reach of children.

(cid:127) Do not touch the turbocharger or

manifold. These get very hot when the engine has been running.

(cid:127) Do not spill oil on hot parts of the engine as this could cause a fire.

(cid:127) Protect the environment. Do not dis- pose of oil in the ground or down a drain. Dispose of all used oil and oil fil- ters at an appropriate disposal facility.

+80° MIN

Oil dipstick, automatic transmission

Transmission fluid Manual transmission Check and top up the fluid in accordance with the service program. If original fluid cannot be obtained for top- ping up, Dexron III (synthetic fluid) auto- matic transmission fluid can be used. If so, the car should be taken to an authorized Saab dealer as soon as possible to have the reason for low fluid level corrected and orig- inal fluid installed. Automatic transmission Check the fluid level as follows: 1 Park the car on level ground and apply the parking brake. The automatic trans- mission fluid must be at normal running temperature, approximately 175°F

(cid:127) 174

Car care

(80°C). This can be achieved by driving the car for about 30 min on the open road.

2 With the engine idling, move the selector

lever to D and wait for at least 15 seconds. Next, move the selector lever to R and wait for 15 seconds again. Finally, move the selector lever to P. Let the engine idle.

3 Wipe the dipstick clean with a lint-free

cloth and put it back.

4 With the fluid at normal temperature, the

level should be between the MAX and MIN marks on the dipstick. Top up, as necessary, with Texaco Texamatic Dexron III automatic-transmission fluid, adding it through the dipstick pipe. The distance between the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corresponds to a volume of approximately 0.4 qts (0.4 litre).

NOTE

If there is a burnt smell or the fluid is black, change the fluid as soon as possible.

If the outside temperature is below 50°F (10°C), the fluid will not reach the specified temperature of 175°F (80°C). In this case, the correct fluid level may be 0.8 in (20 mm) below the MAX mark.

Coolant The expansion tank is transparent, to facili- tate checking. The level must be a little under the mark ”KALT – COLD” on the tank when the engine is cold. If the SID message "FILL COOLANT FLUID" is displayed, the level in the expansion tank should be checked. Top up as necessary with equal parts of clean water and coolant. Use only coolant approved by Saab. If the expansion tank is empty when coolant is added, run the engine to normal temper- ature and top up again, as necessary. Coolant The cooling system is filled at the factory with coolant containing a 50% concentra- tion of a combined antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor. A weaker mixture will result in reduced anticorrosion protection. For pro- tection against freezing in very cold weather, a stronger concentration will be needed. A 60% concentration of antifreeze will pro- vide protection at temperatures down to -58 F (-50°C). The corrosion-inhibiting properties of the coolant deteriorate over time, but coolant approved by Saab can be used for year-round protection. Change the coolant as specified in the service program (page 215) and use only coolant approved by Saab – other makes may need changing more frequently and may damage the sys- tem.

Coolant expansion tank

WARNING

(cid:127) Proceed with caution if the radiator is

boiling when you open the hood. Never remove the expansion-tank filler cap when the radiator is boiling. Loosen the cap carefully, and let the engine cool before removing the cap.

(cid:127) The cooling system is pressurized – hot coolant and vapor can escape when the filler cap is released.

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175

5 Mix antifreeze and water in a suitable

container. Use only Saab-approved coolant.

6 Add the coolant slowly to the expansion tank. This will take about two minutes, as the air needs time to escape.

7 Screw the expansion-tank cap on and run the engine to normal temperature. Top up with coolant until the level is just under the "KALT – COLD" mark on the tank.

8 Check the coolant again after a few days

and top up as necessary.

Radiator drain cock

NOTE

Always mix the antifreeze with the appropriate volume of water before adding it to the cooling system. If pure antifreeze is added, the engine could still freeze and be damaged. This is because the antifreeze will not mix properly with the coolant before the thermostat has opened to allow full circulation.

Changing the coolant (Usually carried out as part of the Saab original service by an authorized Saab dealer) 1 If the engine is hot, loosen the expan-

sion-tank filler cap a little to release the pressure. Leave the cap in place.

2 Fit a suitable piece of hose onto the

nipple of the drain cock. Let the hose dis- charge into a receptacle under the radi- ator and open the drain cock, which is located on the inside of the radiator facing the engine bay.

3 Remove the filler cap on the expansion

tank.

4 In a couple of minutes the system will be

empty. Close the drain cock.

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176
Brake- clutch fluid and brake pads

WARNING

Brake fluid deteriorates as it becomes old. Because it is hygroscopic, it absorbs water from the air and, in time, could allow vapor to form in the brake system, thus reducing its performance. It is therefore important that brake fluid be changed reg- ularly, as specified in the service pro- gram, see page 215.

brake pads are worn and need replacing. It is therefore essential that brake pads be checked regularly, as specified in the ser- vice program, see page 215.

NOTE

Avoid spilling brake fluid onto paintwork, since it can cause the paint to bubble and lift. If any brake fluid is spilled, the area should be flushed with large quantities of water as quickly as possible.

Brake pad wear indicators The outboard brake pads on the front wheels incorporate pad-wear indicators. When the lining is down to 0.11 in (3 mm), the pad will produce a screeching, squeal- ing or scraping noise when the brakes are applied. New pads should be installed with- out delay. Brake pads should only be changed by an authorized Saab dealer. To ensure optimum brake performance, use only Saab original brake pads.

Checking the fluid level The combined brake and clutch-fluid reser- voir is transparent to facilitate checking of the fluid level. The level should be between the MAX and MIN marks. Top up, as necessary, with DOT 4 fluid. Do not use DOT 5 brake fluid. Use only new brake fluid from a sealed con- tainer. Check that there are no leaks in the brake system. Changing of the brake fluid should be carried out by an authorized Saab dealer. The vehicle´s regular braking system is adjusted automatically, but the parking brake has to be adjusted manually. This work, involving adjustment of the parking brake cables and brake pads, must only be carried out by an authorized Saab dealer. It is not possible to detect, through abnormal pedal or parking brake-lever travel, whether

Power steering Check the level of the power-steering fluid in the reservoir regularly, in accordance with the service program. The wheels should point forward during the check. Clean around the cap before it is unscrewed. Unscrew the cap and wipe the dipstick. To check the fluid level, first screw the cap on fully again and then remove. The level should be between the MAX and MIN marks on the dipstick when the oil temperature is about 68°F (+20°C). If the oil is colder the oil level can be lower, and in higher tempera- tures the level can be higher, both of which are acceptable. Top up with power-steering fluid CHF 11S (part number 3032380).

Power-steering fluid reservoir

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177

Battery

WARNING

(cid:127) Work on the battery may entail an

explosion hazard, since the battery gives off hydrogen which forms an explosive mixture with the oxygen in the air. For this reason, always avoid sparks or open flames when working near the battery.

(cid:127) The battery contains corrosive sulphu- ric acid. Always wear a face mask or goggles when working on the battery.

(cid:127) If battery acid gets into the eyes or

splashes the skin or clothing, wash the affected area liberally with water. If acid gets into the eyes or a large quantity makes contact with the skin, seek medical help.

The liquid level in the car battery must be checked at regular intervals.

NOTE

Never use tap water to top up the battery.

Tap water contains salts and minerals that accelerate the corrosion of the battery elec- trodes, which can shorten the life of the bat- tery.

NOTE

• Don’t connect the battery terminals

+ and – the wrong way around.

(cid:127) Serious damage can occur to the car’s electrical system if a battery or alterna- tor lead is disconnected while the engine is running.

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Car care

Correct fluid level in the battery

Taking out the battery

The charge level should be checked with a battery-acid tester. The specific gravity of the acid in a fully charged battery should be 1.28. A specific gravity of 1.18 roughly indi- cates a 50% charge.

NOTE

A discharged battery can freeze and frac- ture. Batteries should therefore always be stored away from frost.

If frequent short journeys are made in cold weather, the battery may need to be given a booster charge. This can be done either using a battery charger or by taking the car for a long drive.

A car with standard equipment and a fully charged battery can be left for up to 40 days and still have a sufficient charge for starting. If extra equipment is fitted, such as a mobile telephone, the time may be reduced to about 15 days. Always connect the positive (red) cable to the positive (+) terminal of the battery and the negative (blue) cable to its negative (-) terminal. Always disconnect both battery leads when boost charging the battery.

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179

Windshield and rear window 1 Push the catch in (1). 2 Pull the complete wiper blade down-

wards so that it comes away from the wiper arm. Slide the entire blade out from the arm.

Drive belt

WARNING

(cid:127) Keep hands and clothing clear of drive

belts when engine is running. (cid:127) Always stop the engine before

inspecting drive belts.

NOTE

Serious damage can occur to the car’s electrical system if an alternator lead is disconnected while the engine is running.

Drive belt

The alternator is situated on the right-hand side of the engine. It is driven via a poly-V-belt from the crankshaft pulley. The poly-V-belt also drives the water pump, the A/C compressor and the steering servo pump. The belt tension is critical, and is adjusted by an automatic belt tensioner. See also page 55, "Warning charging".

Wipers and washers Wiper blades Check and clean all wiper blades regularly. We recommend Saab washer fluid for cleaning. If poor wiper performance is experienced, clean the windshield with Saab washer fluid. This is particularly important if the car has been through an automatic car wash, as this sometimes leave a wax coating on the wind- shield. If wiper performance is still unsatisfactory, fit new blades.

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Car care

Headlight wipers 1 Lift the wiper arm off the headlight. 2 Detach the wiper blade by pulling it

laterally from the wiper arm.

3 Fit the new blade by sliding it into the

retainer on the wiper arm and pressing it firmly home.

Washer-fluid reservoir

Washer The reservoir holds 5 quarts (4.7 litres). When the SID message "WASHER FLUID LEVEL LOW" appears there is about 1.5 quarter (1.4 litres) left. Fill with quality washer fluid, available from your Saab dealer and follow the instructions on the package to reduce the risk of freez- ing. If the reservoir is run dry and the car has a rear-window wiper, then after refilling you cannot wash the rear window until you have first washed the windscreen.

Washer jets The washer jets, which are adjustable, can be cleaned with a pin if necessary. The jet for rear-window washing is located in the right-hand part of the high-mounted brake light.

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Changing bulbs

WARNING

Before changing a bulb in the engine bay, switch off the engine to avoid the danger of fingers and hands being injured by moving parts. The radiator fan can cut in even when the engine is switched off.

NOTE

Switch off the ignition before changing a bulb, to avoid possible short-circuiting.

1 Headlight bulb 2 Parking-light bulb

Headlight 1 Unscrew the cover from the back of the light units. 2 Unplug the connector. 3 Unhook the spring clip by pushing it forward and then to the side. 4 Remove the bulb. 5 Insert the new bulb, without touching the glass with your fingers. Line it up so that the three lugs fit into the corresponding slots in the reflector and secure it with the spring clip.

IMPORTANT! When changing bulbs, use the same type of bulb, (e.g. Long-life). Headlight aiming, see page 208. Parking lights The parking-light bulb is fitted in the same light unit as the headlight bulb. 1 Remove the bulb holder from the lamp unit. 2 Then take the bulb out of the holder.

NOTE

Do not fit bulbs with a rating above 60/55W, since the headlight reflector and the wiring of the car are not designed for a higher wattage. Do not touch the glass of the bulbs with your fingers. The oil on your skin can shorten the life of the bulb.

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Car care

Side-mounted turn signal 1 Slide the lens forward so that its rear part can be pulled out. 2 Change the bulb. 3 When refitting, make sure that the groove in the spring engages the edge of the body panel and that the rubber gasket is correctly positioned.

1 Retaining screw 2 Turn signal bulb

Front turn signal bulb To change the bulb, the complete lamp unit has to be removed. 1 Loosen the screw (1). There is no need to remove it completely. 2 Carefully remove the complete lamp unit. 3 Grasp the two plastic tabs and turn the bulb holder counterclock-

wise.

4 Pull the bulb holder out of the lamp unit and change the bulb. 5 Check that the new bulb is firmly in place and has good contact. 6 When mounting the lamp unit, see that the two guide lugs on the

rear edge of the unit come inside the edge of the body panel. 7 Insert the lamp unit in towards the headlight and see that the front bracket comes under the screw. Tighten the screw (1).

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Rear light clusters 1 Direction indicators 2 Tail lights/stop lights 3 Reversing lights 4 Rear fog light 5 High-mounted stop light

Stop lights, taillights and direction indicators 1 Open the door in the trunk upholstery. 2 Press aside the plastic tab that secures

the bulb holder.

3 Carefully pull the entire bulb holder out of the lamp unit. Replace the dead bulb. 4 When the bulb holder is being refitted, check that its plastic catches snap into place.

Front fog lights and cornering lights 1 Front fog light 2 Cornering light

Front fog light / cornering lights 1 Slightly turn the bulb holder counter-

clockwise.

2 Unplug the connector. 3 Remove the bulb.

WARNING

Never crawl under a car that is supported only by a jack use axle stands; for further information about jacking up the car, see page 197.

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Car care

Reversing lights and rear fog light 1 Open the hatch on the inside of the

trunk.

2 Press down the plastic tab that secures

the bulb holder.

3 Carefully pull the entire bulb holder out of the lamp unit. Replace the dead bulb. 4 When refitting the bulb holder, fit it in first

at the lower edge. Then push the bulb holder in so that the plastic tab snaps into place.

Dome light, front 1 Insert a screwdriver on one side and pry gently upwards. Remove the cover lens.

2 Change the bulb.

Dome light, rear 1 Remove the entire overhead panel:

ease out the trailing end of the dome light first, and then both front edges.

2 Change the bulb.

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185

License plate lighting (the glass is held in place by two screws)

Reading lamps, rear seat (Convertible)

Reading lamps, 9-3 Convertible Detach the whole lamp unit by inserting a screwdriver into the notch and carefully prying the lamp unit out. Pull the bulb holder out of its bracket and change the bulb. Replace the bulb holder in its bracket and refit the entire lamp unit. Other lighting If any other bulbs need changing, you are advised to take the car to an authorized Saab dealer.

Glove-compartment lighting (detach the whole lamp unit with a short screwdriver applied at the lower edge)

Trunk light (detach the whole lamp unit with a screwdriver applied at one edge)

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Car care

Bulb table

No. Wattage Cap

60/55
55
1,2

P 43t-38 Headlight P 14.5s W 2 x 4.6d Ashtray; cigarette lighter; warning

Front fog light

light for safety belts Rear fog light; reversing light

BA 15s BAY 15d Stop/taillight

21
21/5
PY 21 yel BAU 15s Direction indicator, front/rear

BA9

10

SV 8.5

W 2.1 x 9.5d

Reading lamps, rear (Coupé and 5-door) Dome light; trunk; glove compart- ment Side indicators; license plate light- ing; parking lights; reading lamps, front; reading lamps, rear (Convert- ible)

NOTE

Do not change any bulbs with ones of another wattage: only use what is stated.

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Tool for changing fuses

Fuses The fuses are housed in two fuse panels: one at the end of the instrument panel on the driver’s side, and one under the hood. To check if a fuse has blown, first remove it from the panel (see below). If the filament is broken, the fuse has blown. A special tool for removing fuses is provided at the bottom of the fuse panel on the fascia. Simply push the tool onto the fuse, squeeze and remove the fuse.

Sound fuse/Blown fuse