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STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEM

CONTENTS

PRECAUTIONS .......................................................... 2

Precautions for Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) “AIR BAG” and “SEAT BELT PRE-TEN- SIONER” .................................................................. 2 Wiring Diagrams and Trouble Diagnosis .................. 2 PREPARATION ........................................................... 3 Special Service Tool ................................................. 3 Commercial Service Tools ........................................ 3 BATTERY .................................................................... 4 How to Handle Battery ............................................. 4

METHODS OF PREVENTING OVER-DIS- CHARGE ............................................................... 4 CHECKING ELECTROLYTE LEVEL .................... 4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY CHECK ............................... 5 CHARGING THE BATTERY ................................. 6

Trouble Diagnoses with Battery/Starting/Charging System Tester .......................................................... 6 DIAGNOSTIC RESULT ITEM CHART .................. 8 STARTING SYSTEM .................................................. 9 System Description .................................................. 9 M/T MODELS ........................................................ 9 A/T MODELS ........................................................ 9 CAN Communication System Description ................ 9 Wiring Diagram — START — ................................. 10 M/T MODELS ...................................................... 10 4 A/T MODEL .......................................................11 5 A/T MODEL ...................................................... 12

Trouble Diagnoses with Battery/Starting/Charging System Tester ........................................................ 13 DIAGNOSTIC RESULT ITEM CHART ................ 13 WORK FLOW ...................................................... 14

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE 1 ........................... 15 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE 2 ........................... 16 MINIMUM SPECIFICATION OF CRANKING VOLTAGE REFERENCING COOLANT TEM- PERATURE ......................................................... 17 Removal and Installation ........................................ 17 M/T MODELS ...................................................... 17 Removal and Installation ........................................ 17 4-SPEED A/T MODELS ...................................... 17 Removal and Installation ........................................ 18 5-SPEED A/T MODELS ...................................... 18 Pinion/Clutch Check ............................................... 20 CHARGING SYSTEM ............................................... 21 System Description ................................................. 21 Wiring Diagram — CHARGE — ............................. 22 Trouble Diagnoses with Battery/Starting/Charging System Tester ......................................................... 23 DIAGNOSTIC RESULT ITEM CHART ................ 24 WORK FLOW ...................................................... 25 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE 1 ........................... 26 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE 2 ........................... 27 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE 3 ........................... 28 MALFUNCTION INDICATOR .............................. 29 Removal and Installation ........................................ 29 QR25DE .............................................................. 29 VQ35DE .............................................................. 29 SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS) ...... 31 Battery .................................................................... 31 Starter ..................................................................... 31 Generator ............................................................... 31

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PRECAUTIONS

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PRECAUTIONS Precautions for Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) “AIR BAG” and “SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER” The Supplemental Restraint System such as “AIR BAG” and “SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER”, used along with a front seat belt, helps to reduce the risk or severity of injury to the driver and front passenger for certain types of collision. This system includes seat belt switch inputs and dual stage front air bag modules. The SRS system uses the seat belt switches to determine the front air bag deployment, and may only deploy one front air bag, depending on the severity of a collision and whether the front occupants are belted or unbelted. Information necessary to service the system safely is included in the SRS and SB section of this Service Man- ual. WARNING: G

To avoid rendering the SRS inoperative, which could increase the risk of personal injury or death in the event of a collision which would result in air bag inflation, all maintenance must be per- formed by an authorized NISSAN/INFINITI dealer. Improper maintenance, including incorrect removal and installation of the SRS, can lead to per- sonal injury caused by unintentional activation of the system. For removal of Spiral Cable and Air Bag Module, see the SRS section.

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G Do not use electrical test equipment on any circuit related to the SRS unless instructed to in this Service Manual. SRS wiring harnesses can be identified by yellow and/or orange harnesses or harness connectors.

Wiring Diagrams and Trouble Diagnosis When you read wiring diagrams, refer to the following: G

GI-14, "How to Read Wiring Diagrams" . PG-4, "POWER SUPPLY ROUTING CIRCUIT" for power distribution circuit.

G When you perform trouble diagnosis, refer to the following: G GI-10, "HOW TO FOLLOW TEST GROUPS IN TROUBLE DIAGNOSES". G GI-26, "How to Perform Efficient Diagnosis for an Electrical Incident".

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PREPARATION Special Service Tool

Tool number Tool name

J-44373 Model 620 Battery/Starting/Charging system tester

PREPARATION

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Description

Commercial Service Tools

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Tool number Tool name

Power tool

Description

Loosening bolts and nuts

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BATTERY

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BATTERY How to Handle Battery CAUTION: G

If it becomes necessary to start the engine with a booster battery and jumper cables, use a 12-volt booster battery.

G After connecting battery cables, ensure that they are tightly clamped to battery terminals for good

contact.

G Never add distilled water through the hole used to check specific gravity. METHODS OF PREVENTING OVER-DISCHARGE The following precautions must be taken to prevent over-discharging a battery. G

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The battery surface (particularly its top) should always be kept clean and dry. The terminal connections should be clean and tight. At every routine maintenance, check the electrolyte level. This also applies to batteries designated as “low maintenance” and “maintenance-free”.

G When the vehicle is not going to be used over a long period of

time, disconnect the negative battery terminal.

G Check the charge condition of the battery.

Periodically check the specific gravity of the electrolyte. Keep a close check on charge condition to prevent over-discharge.

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CHECKING ELECTROLYTE LEVEL WARNING: Do not allow battery fluid to come in contact with skin, eyes, fabrics, or painted surfaces. After touch- ing a battery, do not touch or rub your eyes until you have thoroughly washed your hands. If acid con- tacts eyes, skin or clothing, immediately flush with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

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BATTERY

G Remove the cell plug using a suitable tool. G

Add distilled water up to the MAX level.

Sulphation A battery will be completely discharged if it is left unattended for a long time and the specific gravity will become less than 1.100. This may result in sulphation on the cell plates. To determine if a battery has been “sulphated”, note its voltage and current when charging it. As shown in the figure, less cur- rent and higher voltage are observed in the initial stage of charging sulphated batteries. A sulphated battery may sometimes be brought back into ser- vice by means of a long, slow charge, 12 hours or more, fol- lowed by a battery capacity test.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY CHECK 1. Read hydrometer and thermometer indications at eye level. 2. Use the following chart to correct your hydrometer reading

according to electrolyte temperature.

Hydrometer Temperature Correction

Battery electrolyte temperature °C (°F)

Add to specific gravity reading

71 (160)

66 (150)

60 (140)

54 (130)

49 (120)

43 (110)

38 (100)

32 (90)

27 (80)

21 (70)

16 (60)

10 (50)

4 (40) −1 (30) −7 (20)

0.032

0.028

0.024

0.020

0.016

0.012

0.008

0.004

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−0.004 −0.008 −0.012 −0.016 −0.020 −0.024

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BATTERY

Battery electrolyte temperature °C (°F)

Add to specific gravity reading

−12 (10) −18 (0)

−0.028 −0.032

Corrected specific gravity

Approximate charge condition

1.260 - 1.280

1.230 - 1.250

1.200 - 1.220

1.170 - 1.190

1.140 - 1.160

1.110 - 1.130

Fully charged

3/4 charged

1/2 charged

1/4 charged

Almost discharged

Completely discharged

CHARGING THE BATTERY CAUTION: G Do not “quick charge” a fully discharged battery. G Keep the battery away from open flame while it is being charged. G When connecting the charger, connect the leads first, then turn on the charger. Do not turn on the

charger first, as this may cause a spark. If battery electrolyte temperature rises above 60°C (140°F), stop charging. Always charge battery at a temperature below 60°C (140°F).

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Charging Rates

Amps

50

25

10

5

Time

1 hour

2 hours

5 hours

10 hours

Do not charge at more than 50 ampere rate. NOTE: The ammeter reading on your battery charger will automatically decrease as the battery charges. This indi- cates that the voltage of the battery is increasing normally as the state of charge improves. The charging amps indicated above refer to initial charge rate. G

If, after charging, the specific gravity of any two cells varies more than .050, the battery should be replaced.

Trouble Diagnoses with Battery/Starting/Charging System Tester CAUTION: When working with batteries, always wear appropriate eye protection. NOTE: G

G