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0 0 0 0 0
140
160
MPH
0 0 0 0
km/h
P R N 2 1
70
80
120
90
100
RPM 1000
ABS
SERVICE ENGINE SOON
LOW RANGE
4 X 4
DOOR AJAR
Make sure the corresponding lights illuminate briefly. If a light fails to illuminate, have the vehicle serviced. • If the driver’s safety belt is fastened, the STARTING THE ENGINE 1. Turn the key to 5 (START) without pressing the accelerator pedal and release as soon as the engine starts. The key will return to 4 (ON).
light may not illuminate.
2. If the temperature is above –12°C (10°F) and the engine does not start within five seconds on the first try, turn the key to OFF, wait ten seconds and try again. 3. If the temperature is below -12°C (10°F) and the engine does not start in fifteen seconds on the first try, turn the key OFF and wait ten seconds and try again. If the engine does not start in two attempts, depress the accelerator and start the engine while holding the accelerator down to the floor. Release the accelerator when the engine starts. 4. After idling for a few seconds, apply the brake and release the parking brake.
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Starting
Using the engine block heater (if equipped) An engine block heater warms the engine coolant, which improves starting, warms up the engine faster and allows the heater-defroster system to respond quickly. Use of an engine block heater is strongly recommended if you live in a region where temperatures reach -23°C (-10°F) or below. For best results, plug the heater in at least three hours before starting the vehicle. Using the heater for longer than three hours will not harm the engine, so the heater can be plugged in the night before starting the vehicle.
To prevent electrical shock, do not use your heater with ungrounded electrical systems or two-pronged (cheater)
adapters.
Guarding against exhaust fumes Although odorless and colorless, carbon monoxide is present in exhaust fumes. Take precautions to avoid its dangerous effects.
If you ever smell exhaust fumes of any kind inside your vehicle, have your dealer inspect and fix your vehicle immediately. Do not drive if you smell exhaust fumes. These fumes are harmful and could kill you.
Have the exhaust and body ventilation systems checked whenever: • the vehicle is raised for service. • the sound of the exhaust system changes. • the vehicle has been damaged in a collision.
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Starting
Engine exhaust, some of its constituents, and certain vehicle components contain or emit chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, and birth defects or other reproductive harm.
Important ventilating information If the engine is idling while the vehicle is stopped in an open area for long periods of time, open the windows at least 2.5 cm (one inch). Adjust the heating or air conditioning (if equipped) to bring in fresh air. Improve vehicle ventilation by keeping all air inlet vents clear of snow, leaves and other debris.
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Driving
BRAKES Your service brakes are self-adjusting. Refer to the scheduled maintenance guide for scheduled maintenance. Occasional brake noise is normal and often does not indicate a performance concern with the vehicle’s brake system. In normal operation, automotive brake systems may emit occasional or intermittent squeal or groan noises when the brakes are applied. Such noises are usually heard during the first few brake applications in the morning; however, they may be heard at any time while braking and can be aggravated by environmental conditions such as cold, heat, moisture, road dust, salt or mud. If a “metal-to-metal,” “continuous grinding” or “continuous squeal” sound is present while braking, the brake linings may be worn-out and should be inspected by a qualified service technician.
Rear anti-lock brake system (RABS) (if equipped) Rear Anti-lock Brake System (RABS) is designed to help you maintain directional stability in emergency stopping situations. With RABS, the rear brakes are kept from locking during panic stops; however, the front wheels can lock because they are not controlled by RABS. A clicking noise and slight pedal pulsation during RABS braking events indicates the RABS is functioning. Pedal pulsation coupled with clicking noise while braking under panic conditions on loose gravel, wet or snowy roads is normal and indicates proper functioning of the vehicle’s RABS. If the vehicle has continuous vibration or shudder in the steering wheel while braking, the vehicle should be inspected by a qualified service technician. The RABS operates by detecting the onset of rear wheel lockup during brake applications and compensating for this tendency. RABS warning lamp The ABS warning lamp in the instrument cluster illuminates if a RABS fault is detected. Have your vehicle serviced as soon as possible. Normal braking is still effective unless the BRAKE warning lamp is also illuminated.
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Driving
Using RABS • In an emergency, applying full pressure may cause the front wheels to lock. If the front brakes lock, the vehicle cannot be steered. You should apply the brakes with steadily increasing force, as if “squeezing” the brakes. If you feel the front wheels begin to lock, momentarily release the pedal and repeat the “squeeze” technique. • We recommend that you familiarize yourself with how the RABS
performs. However, avoid unnecessary risks.
Anti-lock brake system (ABS) (if equipped) On vehicles equipped with an anti-lock braking system (ABS), a noise from the hydraulic pump motor and pulsation in the pedal may be observed during ABS braking events. Pedal pulsation coupled with noise while braking under panic conditions or on loose gravel, bumps, wet or snowy roads is normal and indicates proper functioning of the vehicle’s anti-lock brake system. The ABS performs a self-check at 17 km/h (10
mph) after you start the engine and begin to drive away. A brief mechanical noise may be heard during this test. This is normal. If a malfunction is found, the ABS warning light will come on. If the vehicle has continuous vibration or shudder in the steering wheel while braking, the vehicle should be inspected by a qualified service technician. The ABS operates by detecting the onset of wheel lockup during brake applications and compensating for this tendency. The wheels are prevented from locking even when the brakes are firmly applied. The accompanying illustration depicts the advantage of an ABS equipped vehicle (on bottom) to a non-ABS equipped vehicle (on top) during hard braking with loss of front braking traction.ABS warning lamp The ABS warning lamp in the instrument cluster momentarily illuminates when the ignition is turned on and the engine is off. If the light does not illuminate momentarily at start up, remains on or continues to flash, the ABS needs to be serviced.
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Driving
With the ABS light on, the anti-lock brake system is disabled and normal braking is still effective unless the brake warning light also remains illuminated with parking brake released. (If your brake warning lamp illuminates, have your vehicle serviced immediately).
Using ABS • In an emergency or when maximum efficiency from the ABS is
required, apply continuous full force on the brake. The ABS will be activated immediately, thus allowing you to retain full steering control of your vehicle and, providing there is sufficient space, will enable you to avoid obstacles and bring the vehicle to a controlled stop. • The Anti-Lock system does not decrease the time necessary to apply the brakes or always reduce stopping distance. Always leave enough room between your vehicle and the vehicle in front of you to stop.
• We recommend that you familiarize yourself with this braking
technique. However, avoid taking any unnecessary risks.
Parking brake Apply the parking brake whenever the vehicle is parked. To set the parking brake, press the parking brake pedal down until the pedal stops.
The BRAKE warning lamp in the instrument cluster illuminates and remains illuminated (when the ignition is turned ON) until the parking brake is released.
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Driving
Always set the parking brake fully and make sure that the gearshift is securely latched in P (Park) (automatic
transmission) or in 1 (First) (manual transmission).
The parking brake is not recommended to stop a moving vehicle. However, if the normal brakes fail, the parking brake can be used to stop your vehicle in an emergency. Since the parking brake applies only the rear brakes, the vehicle’s stopping distance will increase greatly and the handling of your vehicle will be adversely affected. Pull the release lever to release the brake. Driving with the parking brake on will cause the brakes to wear out quickly and reduce fuel economy.
BRAKE RELEASE
STEERING YOUR VEHICLE Your vehicle is equipped with power steering. Power steering uses energy from the engine to help steer the vehicle. Never hold the steering wheel to the extreme right or the extreme left position for more than a few seconds when the engine is running. This action could damage the power steering pump. If the amount of effort needed to steer your vehicle changes at a constant vehicle speed, have the power steering system checked. If the power steering system breaks down (or if the engine is turned off), you can steer the vehicle manually, but it takes more effort. After any severe impact such as striking large potholes, sliding into curbs on icy roads or a collision involving the front end, have the front suspension and steering checked for possible damage.
TRACTION-LOK AXLE (IF EQUIPPED) This axle provides added traction on slippery surfaces, particularly when one wheel is on a poor traction surface. Under normal conditions, the Traction-Lok axle functions like a standard rear axle.
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Driving
Extended use of other than the manufacturer’s specified size tires on a Traction-Lok rear axle could result in a permanent reduction in effectiveness. This loss of effectiveness does not affect normal driving and should not be noticeable to the driver.
To avoid injury, never run the engine with one wheel off the ground, such as when changing a tire.
TRANSMISSION OPERATION
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION OPERATION (IF EQUIPPED)
Brake-shift interlock This vehicle is equipped with a brake-shift interlock feature that prevents the gearshift from being moved from P (Park) unless the brake pedal is depressed. If you cannot move the gearshift out of P (Park) with the brake pedal depressed: 1. Apply the parking brake, turn ignition key to LOCK, then remove the key. 2. Insert the key and turn it to OFF. Apply the brake pedal and shift to N (Neutral). 3. Start the vehicle. If it is necessary to use the above procedure to move the gearshift, it is possible that a fuse has blown or the vehicle’s brakelamps are not operating properly. Refer to Fuses and relays in the Roadside emergencies chapter.
Do not drive your vehicle until you verify that the brakelamps are working.
If your vehicle gets stuck in mud or snow it may be rocked out by shifting from forward and reverse gears, stopping between shifts, in a steady pattern. Press lightly on the accelerator in each gear. Do not rock the vehicle for more than a few minutes. The transmission and tires may be damaged or the engine may overheat.
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Driving
Always set the parking brake fully and make sure the gearshift is latched in P (Park). Turn off the ignition whenever you leave
your vehicle.
If the parking brake is fully released, but the brake warning lamp remains illuminated, the brakes may not be working properly.
See your dealer or a qualified service technician.
Driving with a 4–speed automatic transmission Understanding gearshift positions Pull the gearshift lever towards you and downward to move the automatic gearshift.
Hold the brake pedal down while you move the gearshift lever from P (Park) to another position. If you do not hold the brake pedal down, your vehicle may move unexpectedly and injure someone.
P (Park) Always come to a complete stop before shifting into P (Park). Make sure the gearshift is securely latched in P (Park). This position locks the transmission and prevents the rear wheels from turning.
Always set the parking brake fully and make sure the gearshift is latched in P (Park). Turn off the ignition whenever you leave
your vehicle.
R (Reverse) With the gearshift in R (Reverse), the vehicle will move backward. Always come to a complete stop before shifting into and out of R (Reverse).
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Driving
N (Neutral) With the gearshift in N (Neutral), the vehicle can be started and is free to roll. Hold the brake pedal down while in this gear.
(Overdrive)
The normal driving position for the best fuel economy. Transmission operates in gears one through four.
(Overdrive) can be deactivated
by pressing the Transmission Control Switch (TCS) on the end of the gearshift lever. The transmission control indicator light (TCIL) (the word OFF) on the end of the gearshift lever will illuminate.
OVERDRIVE OFF
OVERDRIVE
Drive – Not shown on the display. Activate by pressing the Transmission Control Switch (TCS) on the end of the gearshift lever with the gearshift in the gearshift lever. Transmission operates in gears one through three.
position. The TCIL (the word OFF) will illuminate on the
(Drive) provides more engine braking than
(Overdrive) and is
useful when: • driving with a heavy load. • towing a trailer up or down steep hills. • additional engine downhill braking is desired. If towing a trailer, refer
to Driving while you tow in the Trailer towing section.
(Overdrive) mode, press the Transmission Control
To return to Switch (TCS). The TCIL (the word OFF) will no longer be illuminated. Each time the vehicle is started, the transmission will automatically return to normal overdrive mode. Every time the vehicle is shut off and restarted, you must press the transmission control switch to cancel overdrive operation if driving in overdrive is not desired.
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Driving
2 (Second) Use 2 (Second) to start-up on slippery roads or to provide additional engine braking on downgrades.
1 (First) Use 1 (Low) to provide maximum engine braking on steep downgrades. Upshifts can be made by shifting to 2 (Second) or to
(Overdrive). Selecting 1 (Low)
at higher speeds causes the transmission to shift to a lower gear, and will shift to 1 (Low) after vehicle decelerates to the proper speed.
MANUAL TRANSMISSION OPERATION (IF EQUIPPED)
Using the clutch Vehicles equipped with a manual transmission have a starter interlock that prevents cranking the engine unless the clutch pedal is fully depressed. When starting a vehicle with a manual transmission, you must: 1. Put gearshift in N (Neutral). 2. Hold down brake pedal. 3. Depress clutch pedal.
3 D
3 D
4 R
2 4
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Driving
4. Turn ignition to position 5
(START) to start the engine, let the engine idle for a few seconds, then shift into gear. 5. Release the brake pedal. 6. Release clutch slowly while pressing down slowly on the accelerator pedal.• Do not drive with your foot resting on the clutch pedal and do not use
the clutch to hold your vehicle at a standstill while waiting on a hill. These actions will seriously reduce clutch life.
Recommended shift speeds Downshift according to the following charts for your specific engine/drivetrain combination:
Maximum downshift speeds 1
5-speed transmission
Shift from:
Transfer case position (if equipped)2
2H or 4H
4L
D (Overdrive) - 4
72 km/h (45 mph) 56 km/h (35 mph) 32 km/h (20 mph) 8 km/h (5 mph) 1 Use 2H or 4H for 4WD equipped vehicles. 2 Downshift at lower speeds when driving on slippery surfaces.
35 km/h (22 mph) 23 km/h (14 mph) 13 km/h (8 mph) 0 km/h (0 mph)
4 - 3
3 - 2
2 - 1120
Driving
Maximum downshift speeds 1
6-speed transmission
Shift from:
Transfer case position (if equipped)2
D (Overdrive) - 4
4 - 3
3 - 2
2 - 1
1 - LO2H or 4H
72 km/h (45 mph) 56 km/h (35 mph) 32 km/h (20 mph) 8 km/h (5 mph)
4L
26 km/h (16 mph) 19 km/h (12 mph) 13 km/h (8 mph) 3 km/h (2 mph)
Only shift to LO when at a stop.
1 Use 2H or 4H for 4WD equipped vehicles. 2 Downshift at lower speeds when driving on slippery surfaces.
Parking your vehicle 1. Disengage the clutch, apply brake and shift into N (Neutral).
3 D
4 R
3 D
2 4
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2. Set parking brake. 3. Shift into 1 (First).
4. Turn the ignition key to position 3 (OFF).
Do not park your vehicle in Neutral, it may move unexpectedly and injure someone. Use 1 (First) gear and set the parking brake
fully.
Reverse Make sure that your vehicle is at a complete stop before you shift into R (Reverse). Failure to do so may damage the transmission. Put the gearshift in N (Neutral) and wait at least three seconds before shifting into R (Reverse).
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With the 5-speed transmission you can shift into R (Reverse) only by moving the gearshift from left of 3
(Third) and 4 (Fourth) gears before you shift into R (Reverse). This is a special lockout feature that protects you from accidentally shifting into R (Reverse) when you downshift from D (Overdrive).With the 6-speed transmission you can shift into R (Reverse) by moving the gearshift left from N (Neutral).
Driving
4 R
R 1
42
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Driving
stops.
Removing key from ignition • Turn the ignition key until it • Push the release lever forward and rotate the key towards you and remove.
POWER TAKE OFF (PTO) CAPABILITY (IF EQUIPPED) Some vehicles with 6.8L and 7.3L engines are equipped with Power Take Off (PTO) capability. These vehicles have a special transmission case, internal components and calibration for PTO usage. If your vehicle is equipped with a 7.3L Diesel engine, refer to the 7.3L Diesel Supplement for information on the auxiliary powertrain control module (APCM) and its operation. The PTO can be used during mobile and stationary continuous/intermittent applications. PTO operation is disabled while the vehicle is in Overdrive (the TCIL will not be illuminated), in N (Neutral), during engine cranking. Transmission upshift and downshift schedules will be reduced by about 15% and will have a firmer shift feel during PTO mobile applications. The PTO cannot be disabled while the transmission is in Manual 3
(Overdrive position with Overdrive canceled), Manual 2, Manual 1. Refer to the “Body Builder’s Layout Book” for recommended electrical installation.124
Driving
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE (4WD) OPERATION (IF EQUIPPED) When Four–wheel drive (4WD) is engaged, power is supplied to all four wheels through a transfer case. 4WD power can be selected when additional driving power is desired. If equipped with the Electronic Shift 4WD System, and the instrument panel control is moved to 4WD Low while the vehicle is moving, the system will not engage and no damage will occur to the 4WD system. All utility-type vehicles and 4WD vehicles have special design and equipment features to make them capable of performing in a wide variety of off-road applications. Specific design characteristics give them higher centers of gravity than ordinary passenger cars.
Utility and four-wheel drive vehicles are not designed for cornering at speeds as high as passenger cars any more than
low-slung sports cars are designed to perform satisfactorily under off-road conditions. Avoid sharp turns or abrupt maneuvers in these vehicles.
4WD operation is not recommended on dry pavement. Doing so could result in difficult disengagement of the transfer case, increased tire wear and decreased fuel economy.
Electronic shift on the fly (ESOF) 4x4 system (if equipped) The 4WD system: • provides 4x4 High engagement and disengagement while the vehicle is • is operated by a rotary control located on the instrument panel that • uses hub locks that can be engaged and disengaged automatically by
allows you select 2WD, 4x4 High or 4x4 Low operation.
moving.
using a rotary control located on the instrument panel.
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Driving • automatic hub locks can be
manually overridden by rotating the hub lock control from AUTO to LOCK.
Manual 4x4 system (if equipped) The 4WD system is engaged or disengaged by rotating the front wheel hub lock control from FREE to LOCK, then manually engaging the transfer case with a floor-mounted shifter.
4WD system indicator lights The 4WD system indicator lights illuminate only under the following conditions. If these lights illuminate during normal driving, have your vehicle serviced. • 4x4 -illuminates when the ignition is turned on and when 4H (4x4 High) is selected.
4x4
• LOW RANGE –illuminates when the ignition is turned on or when 4L (4x4 Low) is selected.
Using a manual 4WD system (if equipped) 2H (2WD High) – Power to rear axle only. 4H (4WD High) – Power to front and rear axles. N (Neutral) – No power to either axle. 4L (4WD Low) – Power to front and rear axles at reduced speed.
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Driving
Shifting from 2H (2WD high) to 4H (4WD high) Engage the locking hubs by rotating the hub lock control from FREE to LOCK, then move the transfer case lever from 2H (2WD High) to 4H (4WD High).
Do not shift into 4H (4WD High) with the rear wheels slipping.
2H 4H
4L
2H 4H
Shifting from 4H (4WD high) to 2H (2WD high) Move the transfer case lever to 2H (2WD High) at a stop or any forward speed up to 88 km/h (55
mph). With the vehicle at complete stop, disengage the locking hubs (optional) by rotating the hub lock control from LOCK to FREE. Shifting from 4H (4WD high) to 4L (4WD low) 1. Bring the vehicle to a complete stop. 2. Depress the brake. 3. Place the gearshift lever in N (Neutral) (automatic transmission) or depress the clutch (manual transmission).4L
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4. Move the transfer case shift lever through N (Neutral) directly to 4H (4WD High) or 4L (4WD Low).
2H 4H
4L
Using the N (Neutral) position The transfer case neutral position overrides the transmission and puts the vehicle in neutral regardless of transmission gearshift lever position. The vehicle can move forward or backwards. This position should only be used when towing the vehicle. Refer to Wrecker towing in the Roadside emergencies chapter.
2H 4H
4L
Do not leave the vehicle unattended with the transfer case in the N (Neutral) position. Always set the parking brake fully and turn
off the ignition when leaving the vehicle.
Using the electronic shift 4WD system (if equipped) Positions of the electronic shift system To prevent damage, the electronic shift 4WD system is designed to allow up to 45 seconds before the shift command is performed. In the event that conflicting shift commands are selected, allow up to 45 seconds for the shift command to be performed prior to reporting any shift concerns to your dealer. 2WD (2WD High) – Power to rear axle only. 4x4 HIGH (4WD High) – Power delivered to front and rear axles for increased traction. 4x4 LOW (4WD Low) – Power to front and rear axles at low speeds.
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Shifting from 2WD (2WD high) to 4x4 HIGH (4WD high) Rotate the 4WD control to the 4x4
HIGH position at speeds up to 88
km/h (55 mph). • Do not shift into 4x4 HIGH with4X4
HIGH2WD
4X4
LOWthe rear wheels slipping.
2WD
4X4
LOW4X4
HIGHShifting from 4x4 HIGH (4WD high) to 2WD (2WD high) Rotate the 4WD control to 2WD at any forward speed. You do not need to put the gearshift in R (Reverse) to disengage your front hubs. To prevent damage, the electronic shift 4WD system is designed to allow up to 45 seconds before the shift command is performed. In the event that conflicting shift commands are selected, allow up to 45 seconds for the shift command to be performed prior to reporting any shift concerns to your dealer. Shifting between 4x4 HIGH (4WD high) and 4x4 LOW (4WD low) 1. Bring the vehicle to a complete stop. 2. Depress the brake. 3. Place the gearshift in N (Neutral) (automatic transmission) or depress the clutch (manual transmission).
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4. Move the 4WD control to the 4x4
HIGH or 4x4 LOW position.4X4
HIGH4X4
LOW2WD
Driving off-road with 4WD Your vehicle is specially equipped for driving on sand, snow, mud and rough terrain and has operating characteristics that are somewhat different from conventional vehicles, both on and off the road. Maintain steering wheel control at all times, especially in rough terrain. Since sudden changes in terrain can result in abrupt steering wheel motion, make sure you grip the steering wheel from the outside. Do not grip the spokes. Drive cautiously to avoid vehicle damage from concealed objects such as rocks and stumps. You should either know the terrain or examine maps of the area before driving. Map out your route before driving in the area. For more information on driving off-road, read the “Four Wheeling” supplement in your owner’s portfolio. If your vehicle gets stuck If the vehicle is stuck it may be rocked out by shifting from forward and reverse gears, stopping between shifts, in a steady pattern. Press lightly on the accelerator in each gear. Do not rock the vehicle for more than a few minutes. The transmission and tires may be damaged or the engine can overheat.
Do not spin the wheels at over 56 km/h (35 mph). The tires may fail and injure a passenger or bystander.
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Driving
Sand When driving over sand, try to keep all four wheels on the most solid area of the trail. Do not reduce the tire pressures but shift to a lower gear and drive steadily through the terrain. Apply the accelerator slowly and avoid spinning the wheels. Mud and water If you must drive through high water, drive slowly. Traction or brake capability may be limited. When driving through water, determine the depth; avoid water higher than the bottom of the hubs (if possible) and proceed slowly. If the ignition system gets wet, the vehicle may stall. Once through water, always try the brakes. Wet brakes do not stop the vehicle as effectively as dry brakes. Drying can be improved by moving your vehicle slowly while applying light pressure on the brake pedal. After driving through mud, clean off residue stuck to rotating driveshafts and tires. Excess mud stuck on tires and rotating driveshafts causes an imbalance that could damage drive components. If the transmission, transfer case or front axle are submerged in water, their fluids should be checked and changed, if necessary. Water intrusion into the transmission may damage the transmission. If the front or rear axle is submerged in water, the axle lubricant should be replaced. Driving on hilly or sloping terrain When driving on a hill, avoid driving crosswise or turning on steep slopes. You could lose traction and slip sideways. Drive straight up, straight down or avoid the hill completely. Know the conditions on the other side of a hill before driving over the crest. When climbing a steep hill, start in a lower gear rather than downshifting to a lower gear from a higher gear once the ascent has started. This reduces strain on the engine and the possibility of stalling. When descending a steep hill, avoid sudden braking. Shift to a lower gear when added engine braking is desired. When speed control is on and you are driving uphill, your vehicle speed may drop considerably, especially if you are carrying a heavy load.
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Driving
(Overdrive) into
If vehicle speed drops more than 16 km/h (10 mph), the speed control will cancel automatically. Resume speed with accelerator pedal. If speed control cancels after climbing the hill, reset speed by pressing and holding the SET ACCEL button to resume speeds over 50 km/h (30 mph). Automatic transmissions may shift frequently while driving up steep grades. Eliminate frequent shifting by shifting out of a lower gear. Driving on snow and ice A 4WD vehicle has advantages over 2WD vehicles in snow and ice but can skid like any other vehicle. Avoid sudden applications of power and quick changes of direction on snow and ice. Apply the accelerator slowly and steadily when starting from a full stop. If your vehicle is equipped with a Rear Anti-lock Brake System (RABS), you should be careful when braking. Front brake lock-up, on any surface, causes loss of steering control. If your vehicle is equipped with a Four Wheel Anti-lock Brake System (ABS), apply the brakes as you normally would. In order to allow the ABS to operate properly, keep steady pressure on the brake pedal. When driving on snow or ice with either braking system, allow more stopping distance and drive slower than usual. Consider using one of the lower gears.
VEHICLE LOADING Before loading a vehicle, familiarize yourself with the following terms: • Base Curb Weight : Weight of the vehicle including any standard equipment, fluids, lubricants, etc. It does not include passengers or aftermarket equipment. • Payload : Combined maximum allowable weight of cargo, passengers and optional equipment. The payload equals the gross vehicle weight rating minus base curb weight.
• GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) : Base curb weight plus payload
weight. The GVW is not a limit or a specification.
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Driving • GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) : Maximum total weight of
the base vehicle, passengers, optional equipment and cargo. The GVWR is specific to each vehicle and is listed on the Safety Compliance Label on the driver’s door pillar.
• GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating) : Carrying capacity for each
axle system. The GAWR is specific to each vehicle and is listed on the Safety Compliance Label on the driver’s door pillar.
• GCW (Gross Combined Weight) : The combined weight of the towing vehicle (including passengers and cargo) and the trailer. • GCWR (Gross Combined Weight Rating) : Maximum combined weight of towing vehicle (including passengers and cargo) and the trailer. The GCWR indicates the maximum loaded weight that the vehicle is designed to tow.
• Maximum Trailer Weight Rating : Maximum weight of a trailer the
vehicle is permitted to tow. The maximum trailer weight rating is determined by subtracting the vehicle curb weight for each engine/transmission combination, any required option weight for trailer towing and the weight of the driver from the GCWR for the towing vehicle. • Maximum Trailer Weight : maximum weight of a trailer the loaded
vehicle (including passengers and cargo) is permitted to tow. It is determined by subtracting the weight of the loaded trailer towing vehicle from the GCWR for the towing vehicle.
• Trailer Weight Range : Specified weight range that the trailer must fall within that ranges from zero to the maximum trailer weight rating.
Remember to figure in the tongue load of your loaded trailer when figuring the total weight.
Do not exceed the GVWR or the GAWR specified on the certification label.
Do not use replacement tires with lower load carrying capacities than the originals because they may lower the vehicle’s GVWR and GAWR limitations. Replacement tires with a higher limit than the originals do not increase the GVWR and GAWR limitations. The Certification Label, found on the inside pillar of the driver’s door, lists several important vehicle weight rating limitations. Before adding any additional equipment, refer to these limitations. If you are adding
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Driving
weight to the front of your vehicle, (potentially including weight added to the cab), the weight added should not exceed the Front Axle Reserve Capacity (FARC). Additional frontal weight may be added to the front axle reserve capacity provided you limit your payload in other ways (i.e. restrict the number of passengers or amount of cargo carried). You may add equipment throughout your vehicle if the total weight added is equal to or less than the Total Axle Reserve Capacity (TARC) weight. You should NEVER exceed the Total Axle Reserve Capacity. Always ensure that the weight of passengers, cargo and equipment being carried is within the weight limitations that have been established for your vehicle including both Gross Vehicle Weight and Front and Rear Gross Axle Weight Rating limits. Under no circumstance should these limitations be exceeded. Exceeding any vehicle weight rating limitation could result in serious damage to the vehicle and/or personal injury.
Calculating the load your vehicle can carry/tow 1. Use the appropriate maximum gross combined weight rating (GCWR) chart to find the maximum GCWR for your type engine and rear axle ratio. 2. Weigh your vehicle as you customarily operate the vehicle without cargo. To obtain correct weights, try taking your vehicle to a shipping company or an inspection station for trucks. 3. Subtract your loaded vehicle weight from the maximum GCWR on the following charts. This is the maximum trailer weight your vehicle can tow and must fall below the maximum shown under maximum trailer weight on the chart.
DRIVING THROUGH WATER Do not drive quickly through standing water, especially if the depth is unknown. Traction or brake capability may be limited and if the ignition system gets wet, your engine may stall. Water may also enter your engine’s air intake and severely damage your engine. If driving through deep or standing water is unavoidable, proceed very slowly. Never drive through water that is higher than the bottom of the hubs. Once through the water, always try the brakes. Wet brakes do not stop the vehicle as effectively as dry brakes. Drying can be improved by moving your vehicle slowly while applying light pressure on the brake pedal.
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Driving through deep water where the transmission is submerged may allow water into the transmission and cause internal transmission damage.
Driving
TOWING A TRAILER Your vehicle may tow a Conventional/Class IV trailer or fifth wheel trailer provided the maximum trailer weight is less than or equal to the maximum trailer weight listed for your engine and rear axle ratio on the following charts. 2nd unit bodies are not included in maximum trailer weight ratings. Weight of additional “body” must be subtracted from the maximum trailer weight.
Your vehicle’s load capacity is designated by weight, not by volume, so you cannot necessarily use all available space when loading a vehicle. Towing a trailer places an additional load on your vehicle’s engine, transmission, axle, brakes, tires and suspension. Inspect these components carefully after any towing operation.
Do not exceed the GVWR or the GAWR specified on the certification label.
Towing trailers beyond the maximum recommended gross trailer weight could result in engine damage, transmission/axle damage,
structural damage, loss of control, and personal injury.
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Trailer towing tables
F-250 with manual transmission
Engine
Rear axle ratio 3.73
4.10
3.73
4.30Maximum GCWR-kg (lbs.) 6 124 (13 500) 6 804 (15 000) 7 484 (16 500) 8 165 (18 000)
5.4L 5.4L 6.8L 6.8L 1 Conventional/Class IV trailer hitch only. Fifth wheel trailer maximum weights can be calculated by subtracting GVW from GCWR.
Maximum trailer weight-kg (lbs.) 1
4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000)F-250 with automatic transmission
Engine
Rear axle
Maximum GCWR-kg
5.4L 5.4L 6.8L 6.8L
ratio 3.73
4.10
3.73
4.30(lbs.)
6 124 (13 500) 6 804 (15 000) 7 711 (17 000) 8 165 (18 000)
Maximum trailer weight-kg (lbs.) 1
4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000)
1 Conventional/Class IV trailer hitch only. Fifth wheel trailer maximum weights can be calculated by subtracting GVW from GCWR.
F-350 with manual transmission
Engine
Rear axle
Maximum GCWR-kg
5.4L 5.4L 6.8L 6.8L 6.8L
ratio 3.73
4.10
3.73
4.10
4.30(lbs.)
6 124 (13 500) 6 804 (15 000) 7 484 (16 500) 8 392 (18 500) 9 072 (20 000)
Maximum trailer weight-kg (lbs.) 1
4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000)
1 Conventional/Class IV trailer hitch only. Fifth wheel trailer maximum weights can be calculated by subtracting GVW from GCWR.
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Driving
F-350 with automatic transmission
Engine
Rear axle
Maximum GCWR-kg
5.4L 5.4L 6.8L 6.8L
ratio 3.73
4.10
3.73
4.30(lbs.)
6 124 (13 500) 6 804 (15 000) 7 711 (17 000) 9 072 (20 000)
Maximum trailer weight-kg (lbs.) 1
4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000)
1 Conventional/Class IV trailer hitch only. Fifth wheel trailer maximum weights can be calculated by subtracting GVW from GCWR.
F-450 with manual transmission
Engine
Rear axle
Maximum GCWR-kg
6.8L 6.8L
ratio 4.88
5.38(lbs.)
9 979 (22 000) 9 979 (22 000)
Maximum trailer weight-kg (lbs.) 1
4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000)
1 Conventional/Class IV trailer hitch only. Fifth wheel trailer maximum weights can be calculated by subtracting GVW from GCWR.
F-450 with automatic transmission
Engine
Rear axle
Maximum GCWR-kg
6.8L 6.8L
ratio 4.88
5.38(lbs.)
10 886 (24 000) 11 794 (26 000)
Maximum trailer weight-kg (lbs.) 1
4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000)
1 Conventional/Class IV trailer hitch only. Fifth wheel trailer maximum weights can be calculated by subtracting GVW from GCWR.
F-550
Engine
Rear axle
Maximum GCWR-kg
6.8L 6.8L
ratio 4.88
5.38(lbs.)
10 886 (24 000) 11 794 (26 000)
Maximum trailer weight-kg (lbs.) 1
4 536 (10 000) 4 536 (10 000)
1 Conventional/Class IV trailer hitch only. Fifth wheel trailer maximum weights can be calculated by subtracting GVW from GCWR.
137
Driving
Preparing to tow Use the proper equipment for towing a trailer, and make sure it is properly attached to your vehicle. See your dealer or a reliable trailer dealer if you require assistance.
Hitches Do not use hitches that clamp onto the vehicle’s bumper or attach to the axle. You must distribute the load in your trailer so that 10% of the total weight of the trailer is on the tongue.
Load equalizing hitch When hooking up a trailer using a load equalizing hitch, always use the following procedure: 1. Park the unloaded vehicle on a level surface. With the ignition on and all doors closed, allow the vehicle to stand for several minutes so that it can level. 2. Measure the height of a reference point on the front and rear bumpers at the center of the vehicle. 3. Attach the trailer to the vehicle and adjust the hitch equalizers so that the front bumper height is within 0–13 mm (1/2 inch) of the reference point. After proper adjustment, the rear bumper should be no higher than in Step 3.
Adjusting an equalizing hitch so the rear bumper of the vehicle is lower or higher than it was unloaded will defeat the function
of the load equalizing hitch and may cause unpredictable handling.
Safety chains Always connect the trailer’s safety chains to the vehicle. To connect the trailer’s safety chains, cross the chains under the trailer tongue and allow slack for turning corners. If you use a rental trailer, follow the instructions that the rental agency gives to you. Do not attach safety chains to the bumper.
138
Driving
Trailer brakes Electric brakes and manual, automatic or surge-type brakes are safe if installed properly and adjusted to the manufacturer’s specifications. The trailer brakes must meet local and Federal regulations.
Do not connect a trailer’s hydraulic brake system directly to your vehicle’s brake system. Your vehicle may not have enough
braking power and your chances of having a collision greatly increase.
The braking system of the tow vehicle is rated for operation at the GVWR not GCWR.
Trailer lamps Trailer lamps are required on most towed vehicles. Make sure your trailer lamps conform to local and Federal regulations. See your dealer or trailer rental agency for proper instructions and equipment for hooking up trailer lamps.
Using a step bumper The rear bumper is equipped with an integral hitch and requires only a ball with a 25.4 mm (one inch) shank diameter. The bumper has a 2 270
kg (5 000 lb.) trailer weight and 227 kg (500 lb.) tongue weight capability. If it is necessary to relocate the trailer hitch ball position, a frame-mounted trailer hitch must be installed.Driving while you tow Do not drive faster than 88 km/h (55 mph) when towing a trailer. Speed control may shut off if you are towing on long, steep grades. When towing a trailer: • Use a lower gear when towing up or down steep hills. This will eliminate excessive downshifting and upshifting for optimum fuel economy and transmission cooling. • Anticipate stops and brake gradually. Exceeding the GCWR rating may cause internal transmission damage and void your warranty coverage.
139
Driving
Servicing after towing If you tow a trailer for long distances, your vehicle will require more frequent service intervals. Refer to your Scheduled Maintenance guide for more information.
Trailer towing tips • Practice turning, stopping and backing up in an area before starting on a trip to get the feel of the vehicle trailer combination. When turning, make wider turns so the trailer wheels will clear curbs and other obstacles.
• Allow more distance for stopping with a trailer attached. • The trailer tongue weight should be 10–15% of the loaded trailer • After you have traveled 80 km (50 miles), thoroughly check your • When stopped in traffic for long periods of time in hot weather, place the gearshift in P (Park) (automatic transmissions) or N (Neutral) (manual transmissions). This aids engine cooling and air conditioner efficiency. • Vehicles with trailers should not be parked on a grade. If you must
hitch, electrical connections and trailer wheel lug nuts.
weight.
park on a grade, place wheel chocks under the trailer’s wheels.
Launching or retrieving a boat When backing down a ramp during boat launching or retrieval, • Do not allow the static water level to rise above the bottom edge of • Do not allow waves to break higher than 15 cm (six inches) above the
the rear bumper and
bottom edge of the rear bumper.
Exceeding these limits may allow water to enter critical vehicle components, adversely affecting driveability, emissions and reliability. Replace front and rear axle lubricants anytime the axles have been submerged in water. Axle lubricant quantities are not to be checked unless a leak is suspected.
Recreational towing If you may want to tow your vehicle behind another vehicle, such as an RV, follow these guidelines:
140
Driving • 4x2 vehicles must have the driveshaft removed if the rear wheels are
to be kept on the ground. If only the front wheels will be on the ground, the driveshaft does not need to be removed. • 4x4 Electronic Shift on the Fly vehicles cannot be towed with any • 4x4 vehicles with a manual shift (floor-mounted) transfer case shifter must have the transfer case and transmission gearshift levers placed in the N (Neutral) position in order to tow with all wheels on the ground.
wheels on the ground.
SNOWPLOWING For low speed snow removal, Ford offers a Snowplow Package as an option. If you do not have this equipment, do not use your vehicle as a snowplow or powertrain and suspension system damage may occur. Do not install a snowplow and plow with your vehicle until it has been driven at least 800 km (500 miles). Installing snowplow Read the following instructions before installing a snowplow: • Front GAWR must not exceed 63% of the GVW. Add ballast weight to the back of the vehicle, if necessary. Refer to the Safety Compliance Certification Label to find Front GAWR. • The Front Axle Accessory Reserve Capacity and the Total Accessory Reserve Capacity listed on the bottom right of the Safety Compliance Certification Label will determine whether or not the addition of a snowplow will overload your vehicle.
• The weight of the snowplow and supporting components distributed to the front axle must not exceed the front accessory reserve capacity. • The total weight of the snowplow and aftermarket equipment must • The weight of the installed snowplow and aftermarket equipment must
not exceed the Total Accessory Reserve Capacity.
not load the vehicle beyond the GAWR (front/rear) and GVWR listed on the Safety Compliance Certification Label. • The total weight of the snowplow and aftermarket equipment must be
considered part of the payload and must not exceed the Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR) for towing.
• Federal and most local regulations require additional exterior lamps for snowplow-equipped vehicles. Consult your dealer for additional information.
141
Driving • After installing a snowplow to the vehicle, ensure the vehicle’s front toe alignment and front ride height are within specification (reset if required). These specifications are located in the vehicle’s Workshop Manual. Adherence to the toe, tire pressures and ride height specification is important for proper tire wear, ride, handling and headlight aim. Also, maintain the engine oil and transmission fluid change intervals following the severe duty schedule.
Do not exceed the GVWR or the GAWR specified on the certification label.
Removing snowplow Read the following instructions before removing a snowplow: • After removing a snowplow from the vehicle, ensure the vehicle’s front toe alignment and front ride height are within specification (reset if required). These specifications are located in the vehicle’s Workshop Manual. Adherence to the toe and ride height specification is important for proper tire wear, ride, handling and headlight aim.
Snowplowing with your air bag equipped vehicle Your vehicle is equipped with driver and passenger (if equipped) air bag Supplemental Restraint System (SRS). The SRS is designed to activate when the vehicle sustains sufficient longitudinal deceleration.
Careless or high speed driving while plowing snow which results in sufficient vehicle decelerations can deploy the air bag. Such driving also increases the risk of accidents.
All occupants of the vehicle, including the driver, should always properly wear their safety belts, even when an air bag SRS is
provided.
Never remove or defeat the “tripping mechanisms” designed into the snow removal equipment by its manufacturer. Doing so may cause damage to the vehicle and the snow removal equipment as well as possible air bag deployment.
142
Do not attempt to service, repair, or modify the Air Bag Supplemental Restraint System or its fuses. See your Ford or
Lincoln-Mercury dealer.
Driving
Engine temperature while plowing When driving with a plow, your engine may run at a higher temperature than normal because the attached snowplow blade will restrict airflow to the radiator.
If you are driving more than 24 km (15 miles) at temperatures above freezing, angle the plow blade either full left or full right to provide maximum airflow to the radiator. If you are driving less than 24 km (15 miles) at speeds up to 64 km/h (40 mph) in cold weather, you will not need to worry about blade position to provide maximum airflow. 4WD operation while plowing • Shift transfer case to 4x4 LOW (4WD Low) when plowing in small • Shift transfer case to 4x4 HIGH (4WD High) when plowing larger areas • Do not shift the transmission from a forward gear to R (Reverse) until • If the vehicle is stuck, shift the transmission in a steady motion
or light snow at higher speeds. Do not exceed 24 km/h (15 mph).
the engine is at idle and the wheels are stopped.
areas at speeds below 8 km/h (5 mph).
between forward and reverse gears. Do not rock the vehicle for more than a few minutes. The transmission and tires may be damaged or the engine can overheat.
Do not spin the wheels at over 35 mph (55 km/h). The tires may fail and injure a passenger or bystander.
143
Roadside emergencies
HAZARD FLASHER Use only in an emergency to warn traffic of vehicle breakdown, approaching danger, etc. The hazard flashers can be operated when the ignition is off. • The hazard lights control is
located on top of the steering column.
• Depress hazard lights control to
activate all hazard flashers simultaneously.
• Depress control again to turn the
flashers off.
RESETTING THE FUEL PUMP SHUT-OFF SWITCH After a collision, if the engine cranks but does not start, the fuel pump shut-off switch may have been activated. The shut-off switch is a device intended to stop the electric fuel pump when your vehicle has been involved in a substantial jolt. The fuel pump shut-off switch is located in the passenger’s foot well, behind the kick panel.
144
Roadside emergencies
Use the following procedure to reset the fuel pump shut-off switch. 1. Turn the ignition to the OFF position. 2. Check the fuel system for leaks. 3. If no fuel leak is apparent, reset the fuel pump shut-off switch by pushing in on the reset button. 4. Turn the ignition to the ON position. Pause for a few seconds and return the key to the OFF position. 5. Make a further check for leaks in the fuel system.
FUSES AND RELAYS
Fuses If electrical components in the vehicle are not working, a fuse may have blown. Blown fuses are identified by a broken wire within the fuse. Check the appropriate fuses before replacing any electrical components.
15
Always replace a fuse with one that has the specified amperage rating. Using a fuse with a higher amperage rating can cause
severe wire damage and could start a fire.
145
Roadside emergencies
Standard fuse amperage rating and color
Fuse Rating
2A 3A 4A 5A 7.5A 10A 15A 20A 25A 30A 40A 50A 60A 70A 80A
Mini Fuses
Grey Violet Pink Tan
Brown
Red Blue Yellow Natural Green
— — — — —
COLOR
Standard
Fuses
Maxi Fuses
Grey Violet Pink Tan
Brown
Red Blue Yellow Natural Green
— — — — —
— — — — — — —
Yellow
—
Green Orange
Red Blue Tan
Natural
Cartridge
Maxi Fuses
— — — — — — — Blue — Pink Green Red — — —
Fuse Link Cartridge
— — — — — — — Blue — Pink Green Red Yellow Brown Black
Passenger compartment fuse panel The fuse panel is located below and to the left of the steering wheel by the brake pedal. Remove the panel cover to access the fuses. To remove the fuse panel cover, turn the panel fasteners counterclockwise.
146
Roadside emergencies
To remove a fuse use the fuse puller tool provided on the fuse panel cover.
The fuses are coded as follows.
Fuse/Relay Location
Fuse Amp
Rating
Description
20A 5A
20A 10A
— — 5A
Electronic Flasher Instrument Cluster, Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Keep Alive Memory Cigar Lighter, OBDII Glove Box Lamp, Map Lamps, Power Mirrors, Underhood Lamp Not Used Not Used Power Window Lock Switch Illumination
147
Roadside emergencies
Fuse/Relay Location
Fuse Amp
Rating
Description
5A — — 10A
15A 20A
10A 5A
15A — — 10A
15A
— 10A
10A 10A
5A
—
Radio, Headlamp Switch Illumination Not Used Not Used Washer Pump, Wiper Run/Park Relay Coil, Wiper Hi/LO Relay Coil, Washer Pump Relay Coil Horn Stop Lamps, Center High-mount Stop Lamp, Trailer Tow Stop Lamp Dome Lamp, Cargo Lamp, Courtesy Lamps Generic Electronic Module (GEM), Powertrain Control Module (PCM), Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) Module, Brake Shift Interlock, Speed Control Instrument Cluster, Hi-beam Headlamps Not Used Not Used Auxiliary Powertrain Control Module (APCM) (Diesel only), Instrument Cluster, GEM Module, Overdrive Cancel Switch, Idle Validation Switch (Diesel only), Overhead Console Starter Motor Relay Coil, PCM (Gasoline only) Not Used Air Bag Module, Passenger Air Bag Activation Switch, Blower Motor Relay Coil Electronic Flasher Blend Door Actuator, Trailer Tow Battery Charge Relay Coil 4-Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Module Not Used
10
1112
1314
1516
17
18
1920
21
2223
2425
26
148
Roadside emergencies
Fuse/Relay Location
Fuse Amp
Rating
Description
27
28
29
30
31
Relay 1
Relay 2
Relay 3
Relay 4
Relay 510A
10A
5A
30A
— — — — — —
Ignition Run Power Feed (Customer Access) Brake Shift Interlock, DRL Relay Coil, Speed Control Module, Backup Lamps, Trailer Tow Backup Lamp Relay Coil, Electronic Shift On The Fly Hub Lock Solenoid Instrument Cluster (Charge and Airbag Warning Lamps) PCM Relay Coil, Ignition Coil (Gasoline only), Fuel Heater (Diesel only), Wastegate Solenoid (Diesel only), Injector Driver Module Relay Coil (Diesel only) Not Used Interior Lamp Relay Not Used Horn Power Window One Touch Down Relay Accessory Delay Relay
Power distribution box The power distribution box, trailer tow and electronic shift on the fly relay blocks are located in the engine compartment near the brake master cylinder. The power distribution box contains high-current fuses that protect your vehicle’s main electrical systems from overloads.
Always disconnect the battery before servicing high current fuses.
Always replace the cover to the Power Distribution Box before reconnecting the battery or refilling fluid reservoirs.
If the battery has been disconnected and reconnected, refer to the Battery section of the Maintenance and Care chapter.
149
Roadside emergencies
The high-current fuses and relays are coded as follows.
Description
Trailer Tow Left Stop/Turn Lamp Air Bag Module Trailer Tow Right Stop/Turn Lamp Trailer Tow Backup Lamps, Trailer Tow Park Lamps Gasoline only-PCM, Two Speed Fuel Pump Relay Coil, Fuel Pump Relay Coil, Mass Air Flow Sensor, Fuel Injectors Diesel only-Dual Alternator ⬙A⬙ Field
Gasoline only-Not Used Diesel only-Single or Dual Alternator ⬙A⬙ Field, Regulator
Fuse Amp
Rating 7.5A * 10A* 7.5A* 20A*
20A*
(Gasoline
only)
5A* (Diesel
only)
(Gasoline
only)
10A*(Diesel
only)
Fuse/Relay Location
150
Fuse/Relay Location
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1718
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26Fuse Amp
Rating 20A*
(Gasoline
only)
5A* (Diesel
only) 15A*
10A* 25A* 10A* 10A* 30A** 60A** 30A** 30A** 30A**
30A** 20A** 50A** 50A** 50A** 40A** 30A** 30A***
