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The radio will recognize only files with the *.MP3 exten- sion as MP3 files. Non-MP3 files named with the *.MP3
extension may cause playback problems. The radio is designed to recognize the file as an invalid MP3 and will not play the file.226 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
When using the MP3 encoder to compress audio data to an MP3 file, the bit rate and sampling frequencies in the following table are supported. In addition, variable bit rates (VBR) are also supported. The majority of MP3 files use a 44.1 kHz sampling rate and a 192, 160, 128, 96 or VBR bit rates. MPEG
Sampling
Specification
MPEG-1 Audio
Layer 3
MPEG-2 Audio
Layer 3
48, 44.1, 32
Frequency (kHz) Bit Rate (kbps) 320, 256, 224, 192, 160, 128, 112, 96, 80, 64, 56, 48, 40, 32
160, 128, 144, 112, 96, 80, 64, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24,24, 22.05, 16
16, 8
ID3 Tag information for artist, song title, and album title are supported for version 1 ID3 tags. ID3 version 2 is not supported by the radios.
Playlist files are not supported. MP3 Pro files are not supported. Playback of MP3 Files When a medium containing MP3 data is loaded, the radio checks all files on the medium. If the medium contains a lot of folders or files, the radio will take more time to start playing the MP3 files. Loading times for playback of MP3 files may be affected by the following: • Media - CD-RW media may take longer to load than • Medium formats - Multisession discs may take longer • Number of files and folders - Loading times will
to load than non-multisession discs
CD-R media
increase with more files and folders
To increase the speed of disc loading, it is recommended to use CD-R media and single-session discs. To create a single-session disc, enable the “Disc at Once” option before writing to the disc. LIST Button (CD Mode for MP3 Play) Pressing the LIST button will bring up a list of all folders on the disc. Scrolling up or down the list is done by turning the Tune/Scroll control knob. Selecting a folder by pressing the Tune/Scroll control knob will begin playing the files con- tained in that folder (or the next folder in sequence if the selection does not contain playable files). The folder list will time out after five seconds. INFO Button (CD Mode for MP3 Play) Pressing the INFO button repeatedly will scroll through the following TAG information: Song Title, Artist, File Name, and Folder Name (if available). Press the INFO button once more to return to ⬙elapsed time⬙ priority mode.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 227
Press and hold the INFO button for three seconds or more and the radio will display song titles for each file. Press and hold the INFO button again for three seconds to return to ⬙elapsed time⬙ display. Operation Instructions - Auxiliary Mode The auxiliary (AUX) jack is an audio input jack, which allows the user to plug in a portable device such as an MP3 player, or cassette player, and utilize the vehicle’s audio system to amplify the source and play through the vehicle speakers. Pressing the AUX button will change the mode to auxil- iary device if the AUX jack is connected. NOTE: The AUX device must be turned on and the device’s volume set to proper level. If the AUX audio is not loud enough, turn the device’s volume up. If the AUX audio sounds distorted, turn the device’s volume down.
228 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
TIME Button (Auxiliary Mode) Press this button to change the display to time of day. The time of day will display for five seconds (when ignition is OFF). Operating Instructions - Hands-Free Phone (UConnect威) (If Equipped) Refer to “Hands-Free Communication (UConnect威)” in Section 3. Operating Instructions - Satellite Radio Mode (If Equipped) Refer to “Satellite Radio” in this section.
SATELLITE RADIO — IF EQUIPPED (REN/REQ/RER/RES/REU RADIOS ONLY) Satellite radio uses direct satellite-to-receiver broadcast- ing technology to provide clear digital sound, coast to coast. The subscription service provider is Sirius Satellite Radio. This service offers over 130 channels of music,
sports, news, entertainment, and programming for chil- dren, directly from its satellites and broadcasting studios. NOTE: Sirius service is not available in Hawaii and has limited coverage in Alaska. System Activation Sirius Satellite Radio service is pre-activated, and you may begin listening immediately to the one year of audio service that is included with the factory-installed satellite radio system in your vehicle. Sirius will supply a wel- come kit that contains general information, including how to setup your on-line listening account at no addi- tional charge. For further information, call the toll-free number 888-539-7474, or visit the Sirius web site at www.sirius.com, or at www.siriuscanada.ca for Cana- dian residents.
Electronic Serial Number/Sirius Identification Number (ESN/SID) Please have the following information available when calling: 1. The Electronic Serial Number/Sirius Identification Number (ESN/SID). 2. Your Vehicle Identification Number. To access the ESN/SID, refer to the following steps: ESN/SID Access With REQ/RES Radios With the ignition switch in the ON/RUN or ACC posi- tion and the radio on, press the SETUP button and scroll using the Tune/Scroll control knob until Sirius ID is selected. Press the Tune/Scroll control knob and the Sirius ID number will display. The Sirius ID number display will time out in two minutes. Press any button on the radio to exit this screen.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 229
ESN/SID Access With REN/RER Radios While in SAT mode, press the MENU button on the radio faceplate. Next, touch the SUBSCRIPTION tab on the touch screen. All the ESNs that apply to your vehicle will display. ESN/SID Access With REU Radio While in SAT mode, press the MENU button on the radio faceplate. Next, turn the knob surrounding the joystick in the center of the radio to scroll to Subscription, and then press and release the joystick. All of the ESNs that apply to your vehicle will display. Selecting Satellite Mode Press the SAT button until ⬙SAT⬙ appears in the display. A CD may remain in the radio while in the Satellite radio mode.
230 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Satellite Antenna To ensure optimum reception, do not place items on the roof around the rooftop antenna location or strap items to the trunk lid around the trunk lid antenna (if equipped). Metal objects placed within the line of sight of the antenna will cause decreased performance. Larger lug- gage items such as bikes should be placed as far rearward as possible, within the loading design of the rack. Do not place items directly on or above the antenna. Reception Quality Satellite reception may be interrupted due to one of the following reasons: • The vehicle is parked in an underground parking • Dense tree coverage may interrupt reception in the
structure or under a physical obstacle.
form of short audio mutes.
• Driving under wide bridges or along tall buildings can • Placing objects over or too close to the antenna can
cause intermittent reception.
cause signal blockage.
Operating Instructions — Satellite Mode
NOTE: The ignition switch must be in the ON or ACC position to operate the radio. SEEK Buttons Press and release the SEEK buttons to search for the next channel in Satellite mode. Press the right switch to seek up and the left switch to seek down. The radio will remain tuned to the new channel until you make another selection. Holding either button will bypass channels without stopping until you release it.
SCAN Button (When Equipped) Pressing the SCAN button causes the tuner to search for the next channel, pausing for eight seconds before con- tinuing to the next. To stop the search, press the SCAN button a second time. INFO Button — Except REU Radio Pressing the INFO button will cycle the display informa- tion between Artist, Song Title, and Composer (if avail- able). Also, pressing and holding the INFO button for an additional three seconds will make the radio display the Song Title all of the time (press and hold again to return to normal display). INFO Button — REU Radio Pressing the INFO button will display information about Artist, Song Title, and Composer (if available). Pressing the INFO button again will close the INFO screen.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 231
RW/FF Pressing the RW (Rewind) or FF (Fast Forward) buttons causes the tuner to search for the next channel in the direction of the arrows. TUNE Control (Rotary) Turn the rotary Tune/Scroll control knob clockwise to increase or counterclockwise to decrease the channel. MUSIC TYPE Button — Except REU Radio Pressing this button once will turn on the Music Type mode for five seconds. Pressing the MUSIC TYPE button or turning the Tune/Scroll control knob within five seconds will allow the program format type to be se- lected.
232 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Toggle the MUSIC TYPE button again to select the music type. By pressing the SEEK button when the Music Type function is active, the radio will be tuned to the next channel with the same selected Music Type name. If a preset button is activated while in the Music Type (Program Type) mode, the Music Type mode will be exited and the radio will tune to the preset channel. MUSIC TYPE Button — REU Radio Pressing this button provides a MUSIC TYPES list from which you can make a selection. Once a selection is made, you can seek up, or down, or scan the channels and the radio will tune to the next station matching the selected format. There is no time-out for this screen. Pressing the MUSIC TYPE button again will close the MUSIC TYPE screen. Once closed, seek up, seek down, and scan will no longer be based on your selection.
SETUP Button Pressing the SETUP button allows you to select the following items: • Display Sirius ID number — Press the AUDIO/ SELECT button to display the Sirius ID number. This number is used to activate, deactivate, or change the Sirius subscription.
SET Button – To Set the Pushbutton Memory When you are receiving a channel that you wish to commit to pushbutton memory, press the SET button. The symbol SET 1 will now show in the display window. Select the button (1-6) you wish to lock onto this channel and press and release that button. If a button is not selected within five seconds after pressing the SET but- ton, the channel will continue to play but will not be stored into pushbutton memory.
You may add a second channel to each pushbutton by repeating the above procedure with this exception: Press the SET button twice and SET 2 will show in the display window. Each button can be set for SET 1 and SET 2. This allows a total of 12 Satellite channels to be stored into pushbutton memory. The channels stored in SET 2
memory can be selected by pressing the pushbutton twice. Every time a preset button is used, a corresponding button number will display. Buttons 1 - 6
These buttons tune the radio to the channels that you commit to pushbutton memory (12 Satellite stations).UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 233
Operating Instructions — Hands-Free Phone (If Equipped) Refer to “Hands-Free Communication (UConnect威)” in Section 3. Operating Instructions — Video Entertainment System (VES)™ (If Equipped) Refer to separate “Video Entertainment System (VES)™ Guide.”
KICKER姞 HIGH PERFORMANCE SOUND SYSTEM WITH DRIVER-SELECTABLE SURROUND (DSS) – IF EQUIPPED The removable subwoofer is located in the rear cargo area and fastened in place using the child tether anchors, located on the right rear passenger seatback.
234 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Installing Subwoofer 1. Align the right outside edge of the subwoofer with the outside edge of the rib located on the load floor.
2. Slide the subwoofer toward the front of the vehicle so that the rear edge lines up with the end of the load floor.
NOTE: The left outside edge of the subwoofer will not line up with a rib on the load floor. 3. Connect the electrical connector.
4. Fold the right rear passenger seat rearward into the upright position. The rear tether anchors should engage the hooks located on the back or the subwoofer. 5. Check the subwoofer for being securely fastened to the seatback.
WARNING!
Always remove the subwoofer from the vehicle whenever the tether anchors behind the subwoofer are required for proper installation of a child re- straining device. In the event of an accident, or under severe vehicle maneuvers, leaving the subwoofer unsecured in the vehicle could result in serious or fatal injury to anyone in the vehicle.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 235
Removing Subwoofer 1. Fold the right rear passenger seatback forward to unlatch the subwoofer. 2. Disconnect the electrical connector.
3. Open the liftgate and remove the subwoofer.
236 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
REMOTE SOUND SYSTEM CONTROLS — IF EQUIPPED The remote sound system controls are located on the rear surface of the steering wheel. Reach behind the wheel to access the switches.
Remote Sound System Controls
The right-hand control is a rocker type switch with a pushbutton in the center. Pressing the top of the switch will increase the volume and pressing the bottom of the switch will decrease the volume. The button located in the center of the right-hand control will switch modes to Radio or CD. The left-hand control is a rocker type switch with a pushbutton in the center. The function of the left-hand control is different depending on which mode you are in. The following describes the left-hand control operation in each mode. Radio Operation Press the top of the switch to SEEK up for the next listenable station. Press the bottom of the switch to SEEK down for the next listenable station.
The button located in the center of the left-hand control will tune to the next preset station that you have pro- grammed in the radio preset pushbuttons. CD Player Press the top of the switch once to go to the next track on the CD. Press the bottom of the switch once to go to the beginning of the current track or to the beginning of the previous track, if it is within one second after the current track begins to play. If you press the switch up or down twice it plays the second track, three times, it will play the third, etc. The button in the center of the left-hand switch changes CD’s on the 6–Disc in-dash CD changer radio. This button does not function for all other radios.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 237
CD/DVD MAINTENANCE To keep a CD/DVD in good condition, take the following precautions: 1. Handle the disc by its edge; avoid touching the surface. 2. If the disc is stained, clean the surface with a soft cloth, wiping from center to edge. 3. Do not apply paper or tape to the disc; avoid scratch- ing the disc. 4. Do not use solvents such as benzene, thinner, cleaners, or antistatic sprays. 5. Store the disc in its case after playing. 6. Do not expose the disc to direct sunlight. 7. Do not store the disc where temperatures may become too high.
238 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
If you experience difficulty in playing a particu- NOTE: lar disc, it may be damaged (i.e. scratched, reflective coating removed, a hair, moisture or dew on the disc) oversized, or have theft protection encoding. Try a known good disc before considering disc player service.
RADIO OPERATION AND CELLULAR PHONES Under certain conditions, the cellular phone being ON in your vehicle can cause erratic or noisy performance from your radio. This condition may be lessened or eliminated by relocating the cellular phone antenna. This condition is not harmful to the radio. If your radio performance does not satisfactorily “clear” by the repositioning of the antenna, it is recommended that the radio volume be turned down or off during cellular phone operation.
CLIMATE CONTROLS
Climate Controls The Climate Control System allows you to balance the temperature, amount, and direction of air circulating throughout the vehicle. The controls are located on the instrument panel, below the radio.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 239
Mode Control (Air Direction)
The mode control allows you to choose from several patterns of air distribution. You can select either a primary mode, as identified by the symbols, or a blend of two of these modes. The closer the con- trol is to a particular mode, the more air distribution you receive from that mode.
Climate Control Location
The air conditioning system of your vehicle contains R-134a, a refrigerant that does not deplete the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere. The controls are as follows:
Panel
Air is directed through the outlets in the instrument panel. These outlets can be adjusted to direct airflow.
Bi-Level
Air is directed through the panel and floor outlets.
NOTE: There is a difference in temperature between the upper and lower outlets for added comfort. The warmer
240 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
air goes to the floor outlets. This feature gives improved comfort during sunny but cool conditions. Floor
Air is directed through the floor outlets and side window demister outlets with a small amount
through the defrost outlet. Mix
Air is directed through the floor, defrost and side window demister outlets. This setting works best in cold or snowy conditions that require extra heat at the windshield. This setting is good for maintaining comfort while reducing moisture on the windshield. Defrost
Air is directed through the windshield and side window demister outlets. Use this mode with maximum fan and temperature settings for best wind- shield and side window defrosting.
NOTE: The air conditioning compressor operates in both Mix and Defrost or a blend of these modes even if the Air Conditioning Snowflake button is not pressed. This dehumidifies the air to help dry the windshield. To improve fuel economy, use these modes only when necessary. Air Outlets The airflow from each of the instrument panel outlets can be adjusted for direction and turned on or off to control airflow. NOTE: For maximum airflow to the rear seat passen- gers, the center instrument panel outlets can be aimed, so that the left center outlet is directed toward the right rear passenger and the right center outlet is directed toward the left rear passenger.
Fan Control
Use this control to regulate the amount of air forced through the system in any mode you select. The fan speed increases as you move the control from the left (OFF) to the right position.
NOTE: For vehicles equipped with Remote Start, the climate controls will not function during Remote Start operation if the blower control is left in the “O” (Off) position.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 241
Temperature Control
Use this control to regulate the temperature of the air inside the passenger compartment. The blue area of the scale indicates cooler temperatures while the red area indicates warmer temperatures.
If your air conditioning performance seems NOTE: lower than expected, check the front of the A/C con- denser, located in front of the radiator, for an accumula- tion of dirt or insects. Clean with a gentle water spray from behind the radiator and through the condenser. Fabric front fascia protectors may reduce airflow to the condenser, reducing air conditioning performance.
242 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Circulation Control
Use this button to choose between outside air intake or Recirculation of the air inside the vehicle. A lamp will illuminate when you are in recirculate mode. Only use the recirculate mode to tempo- rarily block out any outside odors, smoke, or dust and to cool the interior initial
upon
rapidly start-up in very hot or humid weather. NOTE: Continuous use of the recirculate mode may make the inside air stuffy and window fogging may occur. Extended use of this mode is not recommended. In cold or damp weather, the use of the Recirculate position will cause windows to fog on the inside because of moisture buildup inside the vehicle. For maximum defogging, select the Outside Air position.
NOTE: Recirculation Mode will not operate in floor, mix or defrost modes. Air Conditioning (Normal)
Use this button to engage the Air Conditioning. A lamp will illumi- nate when the Air Conditioning System is engaged.
NOTE: The air conditioning compressor will not engage until the engine has been running for about 10 seconds.
Air Conditioning (MAX A/C)
For maximum cooling select the air direction to either the Panel or Bi-Level position using the mode control. Press the A/C button and the Recirculation button so that both lamps are illuminated and set the temperature control to its coolest setting.
NOTE: • Recirculation Mode will not operate in floor, mix or • See “Circulation Control” in this section, for proper or
defrost modes.
extended use of this position.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 243
Air Filtration System — If Equipped An air filter is included in the optional Security Group. Filter media includes a particle filtration layer and a charcoal layer. The filter will reduce, but not eliminate, diesel and agricultural smells. The filter acts only on air coming from outside the vehicle; it does not filter air inside the passenger compartment. See the maintenance schedule for the filter change interval. The air filter change interval coincides with engine oil and filter change intervals. As with oil changes, the interval is shorter for heavy duty service or dusty conditions. See your authorized dealer for service.
244 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Operating Tips
Window Fogging Vehicle side windows tend to fog on the inside in mild rainy or humid weather. To clear the windows, set mode to the mix or defrost position. Direct the panel outlets toward the side windows. Do not use recirculate without A/C for long periods as fogging may occur. Interior fogging on the windshield can be quickly re- moved by using the defrost position. If the fogging problem persists, clean the inside window surfaces. The cause of undue fogging may be dirt collect- ing on the inside surface of the glass
NOTE: In cold weather, the use of the recircu- late position will cause windows to fog on the inside because of moisture build up inside the vehicle. Moisture and ice can also accumulate on the inside of the sheet metal and may result in
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 245
headliner and/or electronic component damage. For maximum defogging, press the Recirculation button until recirculate is off. Summer Operation Air conditioned vehicles must be protected with a high- quality antifreeze coolant to provide proper corrosion protection and to raise the boiling point of the coolant for protection against overheating. A 50% concentration is recommended. Outside Air Intake When operating the system during the Winter months, make sure the air intake, directly in front of the wind- shield, is free of ice, slush, snow or other obstructions such as leaves. Leaves collected in the air-intake plenum may reduce airflow and plug the plenum water drains. The blower air will heat faster in cold weather if you use only a low blower speed for the first few minutes of vehicle operation.
246 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Side Window Demisters A side window demister outlet is at each end of the instrument panel. These nonadjustable outlets direct air toward the side windows when the system is in either the FLOOR, MIX, or DEFROST mode. The air is directed at the area of the windows through which you view the outside mirrors.
STARTING AND OPERATING
CONTENTS
䡵 Starting Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
▫ Normal Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
▫ Extremely Cold Weather (Below -20°F Or-29°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
▫ If Engine Fails To Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
▫ After Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
▫ Turbocharger “Cool Down” . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
䡵 Manual Transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
▫ Downshifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253䡵 Driving On Slippery Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
▫ Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
▫ Traction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
䡵 Driving Through Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
▫ Flowing/Rising Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
▫ Shallow Standing Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
䡵 Power Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
▫ Power Steering Fluid Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
䡵 Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259248 STARTING AND OPERATING
䡵 Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
▫ Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) — If
Equipped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
䡵 Electronic Brake Control System . . . . . . . . . . . 264
▫ Traction Control System (TCS) . . . . . . . . . . . 264
▫ Brake Assist System (BAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
▫ Electronic Stability Program (ESP) . . . . . . . . . 265
䡵 Tire Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
▫ Tire Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
▫ Tire Identification Number (TIN) . . . . . . . . . . 274
▫ Tire Loading And Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . 275
䡵 Tires — General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
▫ Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279▫ Tire Inflation Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
▫ Radial-Ply Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
▫ Tire Spinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
▫ Tread Wear Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
▫ Life Of Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
▫ Replacement Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
䡵 Tire Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
䡵 Snow Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
䡵 Tire Rotation Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
䡵 Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) . . . . . 287
▫ Base System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
▫ Premium System — If Equipped . . . . . . . . . . 292
▫ General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296䡵 Fuel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
▫ 2.4L Turbo Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
▫ Reformulated Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
▫ Gasoline/Oxygenate Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
▫ E-85 Usage In Non-Flex Fuel Vehicles . . . . . . 298
▫ MMT In Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
▫ Materials Added To Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
▫ Fuel System Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
▫ Carbon Monoxide Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300STARTING AND OPERATING 249
䡵 Adding Fuel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
▫ Fuel Filler Cap (Gas Cap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
▫ Loose Fuel Filler Cap Message . . . . . . . . . . . 302
䡵 Trailer Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
䡵 Recreational Towing(Behind Motorhome, Etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
▫ Towing This Vehicle Behind Another Vehicle (Flat Towing With All Four Wheels On The Ground) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303250 STARTING AND OPERATING
STARTING PROCEDURES Before starting your vehicle, adjust your seat, adjust both inside and outside mirrors, and fasten your seat belts.
WARNING!
Never leave children alone in a vehicle. Leaving unattended children in a vehicle is dangerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be seri- ously or fatally injured. Do not leave the key in the ignition. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle.
Before starting the engine fully apply the parking brake, press the clutch pedal to the floor, and place the shift lever in NEUTRAL.
pressed to the floor.
NOTE: • The engine will not start unless the clutch pedal is • If key won’t turn and steering wheel is locked, rotate the wheel in either direction to relieve pressure on the locking mechanism and then turn the key.
Normal Starting Normal starting of either a cold or a warm engine does not require pumping or depressing the accelerator pedal. Simply turn the ignition switch to the START position and release when the engine starts. If the engine fails to start within 15 seconds, turn the ignition switch to the OFF position, wait 10 to 15 seconds, then repeat the normal starting procedure.
WARNING!
Do not attempt to push or tow your vehicle to get it started. Vehicles equipped with an automatic trans- axle cannot be started this way. Unburned fuel could enter the catalytic converter and once the engine has started, ignite and damage the converter and vehicle. If the vehicle has a discharged battery, booster cables may be used to obtain a start from another vehicle. This type of start can be dangerous if done improp- erly, so follow the procedure carefully. See Section 6
of this manual for jump-starting instructions.Extremely Cold Weather (below -20°F or -29°C) To ensure reliable starting at these temperatures, use of an externally powered electric engine block heater (avail- able from your authorized dealer) is recommended.
STARTING AND OPERATING 251
If Engine Fails to Start If the engine fails to start after you have followed the “Normal Starting” procedure, it may be flooded. Push the accelerator pedal all the way to the floor and hold it there. Crank the engine for no more than 15 seconds. This should clear any excess fuel in case the engine is flooded. Leave the ignition key in the ON position, release the accelerator pedal and repeat the “Normal Starting” pro- cedure.
WARNING!
Never pour fuel or other flammable liquid into the throttle body air inlet opening in an attempt to start the vehicle. This could result in flash fire causing serious personal injury.
252 STARTING AND OPERATING
CAUTION!
MANUAL TRANSAXLE
To prevent damage to the starter, do not crank the engine for more than 15 seconds at a time. Wait 10 to 15 seconds before trying again.
After Starting The idle speed will automatically decrease as the engine warms up. Turbocharger “Cool Down” This vehicle is equipped with an after-run pump to cool the turbocharger after the engine is shut off. Depending on the type of driving and the amount of cargo, the pump will run for up to 10 minutes after the engine has been shut off to circulate coolant through the turbocharger. Although the pump is rubber-mounted for quiet opera- tion, it is normal to hear it running during this time.
WARNING!
You or others could be injured if you leave the vehicle unattended without having the parking brake fully applied. The parking brake should al- ways be applied when the driver is not in the vehicle, especially on an incline.
Fully depress the clutch pedal before you shift gears. As you release the clutch pedal, lightly depress the accelera- tor pedal.
STARTING AND OPERATING 253
For most city driving you will find it easier to use only the lower gears. For steady highway driving with light accelerations, 6th gear is recommended. Never drive with your foot resting on the clutch pedal, or try to hold the vehicle on a hill with the clutch pedal partially engaged. This will cause abnormal wear on the clutch. Never shift into REVERSE until the vehicle has come to a complete stop. NOTE: During cold weather, until the transaxle lubri- cant is warm, you may experience slightly higher shift efforts. This is normal and not harmful to the transaxle. Downshifting Proper downshifting will improve fuel economy and prolong engine life.
Shift Pattern
Use each gear in numerical order, do not skip a gear. Be sure the transaxle is in 1st gear, (not 3rd gear), when starting from a standing position. Damage to the clutch can result from starting in 3rd gear.
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CAUTION!
WARNING!
If you skip more than one gear while downshifting or downshift at too high of a vehicle speed, you could damage the engine, transmission, or clutch.
To maintain a safe speed and prolong brake life, shift down to 2nd or 1st when descending a steep grade. When turning a corner, or driving up a steep grade, downshift early so that the engine will not be overburdened.
DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES
Acceleration Rapid acceleration on snow covered, wet, or other slip- pery surfaces may cause the front wheels to pull errati- cally to the right or left. This phenomenon occurs when there is a difference in the surface traction under the front (driving) wheels.
Rapid acceleration on slippery surfaces is dangerous. Unequal traction can cause sudden pulling of the front wheels. You could lose control of the vehicle and possibly have an accident. Accelerate slowly and carefully whenever there is likely to be poor traction (ice, snow, wet, mud, loose sand, etc.).
Traction When driving on wet or slushy roads, it is possible for a wedge of water to build up between the tire and road surface. This is hydroplaning and may cause partial or complete loss of vehicle control and stopping ability. To reduce this possibility, the following precautions should be observed: 1. Slow down during rainstorms or when roads are slushy.
2. Slow down if the road has standing water or puddles. 3. Replace the tires when tread wear indicators first become visible. 4. Keep the tires properly inflated. 5. Maintain enough distance between your vehicle and the vehicle in front of you to avoid a collision in a sudden stop.
DRIVING THROUGH WATER Driving through water more than a few inches/ centimeters deep will require extra caution to ensure safety and prevent damage to your vehicle.
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Flowing/Rising Water
WARNING!
Do not drive on or cross a road or a path where water is flowing and/or rising (as in storm run-off). Flow- ing water can wear away the road or path’s surface and cause your vehicle to sink into deeper water. Furthermore, flowing and/or rising water can carry your vehicle away swiftly. Failure to follow this warning may result in injuries that are serious or fatal to you, your passengers, and others around you.
Shallow Standing Water Although your vehicle is capable of driving through shallow standing water, consider the following Caution and Warning before doing so.
256 STARTING AND OPERATING
CAUTION!
• Always check the depth of the standing water before driving through it. Never drive through standing water that is deeper than the bottom of the tire rims mounted on the vehicle. • Determine the condition of the road or the path that is under water and if there are any obstacles in the way before driving through the standing wa- ter. • Do not exceed 5 mph (8 km/h) when driving through standing water. This will minimize wave effects.
(Continued)
CAUTION! (Continued)
• Driving through standing water may cause dam- age to your vehicle’s drivetrain components. Al- ways inspect your vehicle’s fluids (i.e., engine oil, transmission/transaxle, axle, etc.) for signs of con- tamination (i.e., fluid that is milky or foamy in appearance) after driving through standing water. Do not continue to operate the vehicle if any fluid appears contaminated, as this may result in further damage. Such damage is not covered by the New Vehicle Limited Warranty. • Getting water inside your vehicle’s engine can cause it to lock up and stall out, and cause serious internal damage to the engine. Such damage is not covered by the New Vehicle Limited Warranty.
WARNING!
• Driving through standing water limits your vehi- cle’s traction capabilities. Do not exceed 5 mph (8 km/h) when driving through standing water. • Driving through standing water limits your vehi- cle’s braking capabilities, which increases stop- ping distances. Therefore, after driving through standing water, drive slowly and lightly press on the brake pedal several times to dry the brakes. • Getting water inside your vehicle’s engine can cause it to lock up and stall out, and leave you stranded. • Failure to follow these warnings may result in injuries that are serious or fatal to you, your passengers, and others around you.
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POWER STEERING The standard power steering system will give you good vehicle response and increased ease of maneuverability in tight spaces. The system will provide mechanical steering capability if power assist is lost. If for some reason the power assist is interrupted, it will still be possible to steer your vehicle. Under these condi- tions, you will observe a substantial increase in steering effort, especially at very low vehicle speeds and during parking maneuvers. Increased noise levels at the end of the steering NOTE: wheel travel are considered normal and do not indicate that there is a problem with the power steering system. Upon initial start-up in cold weather, the power steering pump may make noise for a short amount of time. This is due to the cold, thick fluid in the steering system. This noise should be considered normal, and it does not in any way damage the steering system.
258 STARTING AND OPERATING
WARNING!
Continued operation with reduced power steering assist could pose a safety risk to yourself and others. Service should be obtained as soon as possible.
CAUTION!
Prolonged operation of the steering system at the end of the steering wheel travel will increase the steering fluid temperature and it should be avoided when possible. Damage to the power steering pump may occur.
Power Steering Fluid Check Checking the power steering fluid level at a defined service interval is not required. The fluid should only be checked if a leak is suspected, abnormal noises are
apparent, and/or the system is not functioning as antici- pated. Coordinate inspection efforts through an autho- rized dealer. No chemical flushes should be used in any power steering system; only the approved lubricant may be used.
WARNING!
Fluid level should be checked on a level surface and with the engine off to prevent injury from moving parts and to ensure accurate fluid level reading. Do not overfill. Use only manufacturer’s recommended power steering fluid.
If necessary, add fluid to restore to the proper indicated level. With a clean cloth, wipe any spilled fluid from all surfaces. Refer to “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genuine Parts” in Section 7 for the correct fluid type.
PARKING BRAKE
When the parking brake is applied with the ignition ON, the brake light in the instrument
cluster will come on. NOTE: This light only shows that the parking brake is on. It does not show the degree of brake application. If the parking brake is applied while the vehicle is moving, a chime will sound to alert the driver. The chime will sound up to 10 times or until the vehicle has returned to a stop. Before leaving the vehicle, make sure that the parking brake is set. To set the parking brake, pull up firmly on the lever. Also place the shift lever into REVERSE. To release the parking brake, apply the brake pedal, pull up slightly on the lever, then depress the button on the end of the lever and push the lever fully down toward the floor.
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NOTE: The parking brake lever will not release unless the lever is pulled up slightly past its applied position.
Parking Brake
When parking on a hill, it is important to set the parking brake. As an added precaution, turn the front wheels toward the curb on a downhill grade and away from the curb on an uphill grade.
260 STARTING AND OPERATING
You should always apply the parking brake before leav- ing the vehicle.
WARNING!
• Never leave children alone in a vehicle. Leaving unattended children in a vehicle is dangerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be seriously or fatally injured. Don’t leave the key in the ignition. A child could operate power win- dows, other controls, or move the vehicle. • Be sure the parking brake is fully disengaged before driving; failure to do so can lead to brake failure and an accident.
BRAKE SYSTEM Your vehicle is equipped with power assisted brakes as standard equipment. In the event power assist is lost for any reason (for example, repeated brake applications with the engine off), the brakes will still function. How- ever, the effort required to brake the vehicle will be much greater than that required with the power system oper- ating.
WARNING!
Riding the brakes can lead to brake failure and possibly an accident. Driving with your foot resting or riding on the brake pedal can result in abnormally high brake temperatures, excessive lining wear, and possible brake damage. You would not have your full braking capacity in an emergency.
If either of the two hydraulic systems lose normal capa- bility, the remaining system will still function with some loss of overall braking effectiveness. This will be evident by increased pedal travel during application and greater pedal force required to slow or stop. In addition, if the malfunction is caused by an internal leak, as the brake fluid in the master cylinder drops, the brake warning indicator will light.
WARNING!
Driving a vehicle with the brake light on is danger- ous. A significant decrease in braking performance or vehicle stability during braking may occur. It will take you longer to stop the vehicle or will make your vehicle harder to control. You could have an accident. Have the vehicle checked immediately.
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Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) — If Equipped The ABS provides increased vehicle stability and brake performance under most braking conditions. The system automatically “pumps” the brakes during severe braking conditions to prevent wheel lock-up.
WARNING!
• Pumping of the Anti-Lock Brakes will diminish their effectiveness and may lead to an accident. Pumping makes the stopping distance longer. Just press firmly on your brake pedal when you need to slow down or stop. • The ABS cannot prevent the natural laws of phys- ics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase braking or steering efficiency beyond that af- forded by the condition of the vehicle brakes and tires or the traction afforded.
(Continued)
262 STARTING AND OPERATING
WARNING! (Continued) • The ABS cannot prevent accidents,
including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, following another vehicle too closely, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. • The capabilities of an ABS-equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.
The ABS light monitors the ABS System. The light will come on when the ignition switch is turned to the ON position and may stay on for as long as four seconds.
If the ABS light remains on or comes on while driving, it indicates that the Anti-Lock portion of the brake system is not functioning and that service is required. However,
the conventional brake system will continue to operate normally if the BRAKE warning light is not on. If the ABS light is on, the brake system should be serviced as soon as possible to restore the benefits of Anti-Lock brakes. If the ABS light does not come on when the ignition switch is turned to the ON position, have the bulb repaired as soon as possible. If both the Brake Warning light and the ABS light remain on, the ABS and Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBD) systems are not functioning. Immediate repair to the ABS is required. When the vehicle is driven over 7 mph (11 km/h), you may also hear a slight clicking sound as well as some related motor noises. These noises are the system per- forming its self-check cycle to ensure that the ABS working properly. This self-check occurs each time the vehicle is started and accelerated past 7 mph (11 km/h).
ABS is activated during braking under certain road or stopping conditions. ABS-inducing conditions can in- clude ice, snow, gravel, bumps, railroad tracks, loose debris, or panic stops. You may also experience the following when the brake system goes into Anti-Lock mode: • the ABS motor running (it may continue to run for a • the clicking sound of solenoid valves • brake pedal pulsations • a slight drop or fall away of the brake pedal at the end
short time after the stop)
of the stop
These are all normal characteristics of ABS.
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WARNING!
The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) contains sophis- ticated electronic equipment that may be susceptible to interference caused by improperly installed or high output radio transmitting equipment. This in- terference can cause possible loss of Anti-Lock brak- ing capability. Installation of such equipment should be performed by qualified professionals.
All vehicle wheels and tires must be the same size and type and tires must be properly inflated to produce accurate signals for the computer.
264 STARTING AND OPERATING
ELECTRONIC BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM If your vehicle is equipped with the advanced electronic brake control system that includes Anti-Lock Brake Sys- tem (ABS), Traction Control System (TCS) Brake Assist System (BAS), and Electronic Stability Program (ESP). All four systems work together to enhance vehicle stability and control in various driving conditions, and are com- monly referred to as ESP. Traction Control System (TCS) This system monitors the amount of wheel spin of each of the driven wheels. If wheel spin is detected, brake pressure is applied to the slipping wheel(s) and engine power is reduced to provide enhanced acceleration and stability. A feature of the TCS system functions similar to a limited slip differential and controls the wheel spin across a driven axle. If one wheel on a driven axle is spinning faster than the other, the system will apply the brake of the spinning wheel. This will allow more engine torque to be applied to the wheel that is not spinning.
Brake Assist System (BAS) The BAS is designed to optimize the vehicle’s braking capability during emergency braking maneuvers. The system detects an emergency braking situation by sens- ing the rate and amount of brake application and then applies optimum pressure to the brakes. This can help reduce braking distances. The BAS complements the Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS). Applying the brakes very quickly results in the best BAS assistance. To receive the benefit of the system, you must apply continuous brak- ing pressure during the stopping sequence. Do not reduce brake pedal pressure unless braking is no longer desired. Once the brake pedal is released, the BAS is deactivated.
WARNING!
• BAS cannot prevent the natural laws of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase braking efficiency beyond that afforded by the condition of the vehicle brakes and tires or the traction afforded.
• The BAS cannot prevent accidents,
including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, following another vehicle too closely, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. • The capabilities of a BAS-equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.
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Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
This system enhances directional control and stability of the vehicle under various driving conditions. ESP cor- rects for over/under steering of the vehicle by applying the brake of the appropriate wheel to assist in counter- acting the over/under steer condition. Engine power may also be reduced to help the vehicle maintain the desired path. ESP uses sensors in the vehicle to determine the vehicle path intended by the driver and compares it to the actual path of the vehicle. When the actual path does not match the intended path, ESP applies the brake of the appropriate wheel to assist in counteracting the oversteer or understeer condition. • Oversteer - when the vehicle is turning more than • Understeer - when the vehicle is turning less than
appropriate for the steering wheel position.
appropriate for the steering wheel position.
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ESP/TCS Indicator Light The “ESP/TCS Indicator Light” located in the instrument cluster, starts to flash as soon as the tires lose traction and the ESP system becomes active. The “ESP/TCS Indicator Light” also flashes when TCS is active. If the “ESP/TCS Indicator Light” begins to flash during acceleration, ease up on the accelerator and apply as little throttle as possible. Be sure to adapt your speed and driving to the prevailing road conditions.
WARNING!
• Electronic Stability Program (ESP) cannot prevent the natural laws of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the traction afforded by prevailing road conditions.
(Continued)
WARNING! (Continued)
• ESP cannot prevent accidents, including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, driving on very slippery surfaces, or hydroplaning. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. • The capabilities of an ESP-equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.
ESP Operating Modes The ESP system has three available operating modes. ESP On This is the normal operating mode for ESP. Whenever the vehicle is started the ESP system will be in this mode.
This mode should be used for most driving situations. ESP should only be turned to “Partial ESP” for specific reasons as noted below. Partial ESP This mode is entered by momentarily depressing the “ESP OFF” switch. When in “Partial ESP” mode, the TCS portion of ESP has been disabled, the thresholds for ESP activation are raised, and the “ESP/TCS Indicator Light” will be illu- minated. This mode is intended to be used for a more spirited driving experience, or if the vehicle is in deep snow, sand, or gravel conditions and more wheel spin than ESP would normally allow is required.
To turn ESP on again, momentarily depress the “ESP OFF” switch.
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WARNING!
In the Partial ESP mode, the engine torque reduction and stability features are desensitized. Therefore, the enhanced vehicle stability offered by ESP is unavail- able.
NOTE: To improve the vehicle’s traction when driving with snow chains, or starting off in deep snow, sand or gravel, it may be desirable to switch to the “Partial ESP” mode by pressing the “ESP OFF” switch. Once the situation requiring ESP to be switched to the “Partial ESP” mode is overcome, turn ESP back on by momen- tarily depressing the “ESP OFF” switch. This may be done while the vehicle is in motion.
268 STARTING AND OPERATING
Full Off This mode is intended for off-highway or off-road use only and should not be used on any public roadways. In this mode, all TCS and ESP stability features are turned OFF. To enter the “Full Off” mode, depress and hold the ESP OFF switch for five seconds while the vehicle is stopped with the engine running. After five seconds, a chime will sound, the ESP/TCS Indicator Light will illuminate, and the ⬙ESP OFF⬙ message will display in the vehicle odometer. Press and release the TRIP ODOM- ETER button located on the instrument cluster to clear this message. The “ESP OFF” message may appear in the Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC). Refer to “Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC)” in Sec- tion 4. To turn ESP ON again, momentarily depress the ESP OFF switch.
WARNING!
In the ESP “Full Off” mode, the engine torque reduction and stability features are cancelled. There- fore, the enhanced vehicle stability offered by ESP is unavailable.
NOTE: When the ESP is switched OFF, a feature of the system remains active. This feature controls wheel spin across an axle quite similarly to a limited slip differential. If one wheel on an axle is spinning faster than the other, the system will apply the brake of the spinning wheel and allow more engine torque to be applied to the wheel that is not spinning. To improve the vehicle’s traction when driving with tire chains, or when starting off in deep snow, sand, or gravel, it may be desirable to switch to the “Partial Off” mode by momentarily depressing the ESP OFF switch.
WARNING!
With the ESP switched OFF, the enhanced vehicle stability offered by ESP is unavailable. In an emer- gency evasive maneuver, the ESP system will not engage to assist in maintaining stability. The “Full Off” ESP mode is intended for off-highway or off- road only.
ESP/BAS Warning Light and ESP/TCS Indicator Light The malfunction indicator for the ESP is combined with the BAS indicator. The yellow “ESP/BAS Warning Lamp” and the yellow “ESP/TCS Indicator Light” in the instrument cluster both come on when the ignition switch is turned to the “ON” position. They should both go out with the engine running. If the “ESP/BAS Warn- ing Lamp” comes on continuously with the engine running, a malfunction has been detected in either the
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ESP or BAS system, or both. If this light remains on after several ignition cycles, and the vehicle has been driven several miles at speeds greater than 30 mph (48 km/h), see your authorized dealer as soon as possible to have the problem diagnosed and corrected. NOTE: • The “ESP Indicator Light” and the “ESP/BAS Warning Light” come on momentarily each time the ignition switch is turned ON. • Each time the ignition is turned ON, the ESP System • The ESP Control System will make buzzing or clicking sounds when it is active. This is normal; the sounds will stop when ESP becomes inactive following the maneuver that caused the ESP activation.
will be ON even if it was turned off previously.
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TIRE SAFETY INFORMATION
Tire Markings
NOTE: • P (Passenger) - Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. P-Metric tires have the letter “P” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designa- tion. Example: P215/65R15 95H. • European-Metric tire sizing is based on European design standards. Tires designed to this standard have the tire size molded into the sidewall beginning with the section width. The letter ⬙P⬙ is absent from this tire size designation. Example: 215/65R15 96H.
1 — U.S. DOT Safety Stan- dards Code (TIN) 2 — Size Designation 3 — Service Description
4 — Maximum Load
5 — Maximum Pressure 6 — Treadwear, Traction and Temperature Grades
• LT (Light Truck) - Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. The size designation for LT-Metric tires is the same as for P-Metric tires except for the letters “LT” that are molded into the sidewall preced- ing the size designation. Example: LT235/85R16. • Temporary spare tires are high-pressure compact spares designed for temporary emergency use only. Tires designed to this standard have the letter “T” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designa- tion. Example: T145/80D18 103M.
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• High flotation tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards and it begins with the tire diameter molded into the sidewall. Example: 31x10.5 R15 LT.
272 STARTING AND OPERATING
Tire Sizing Chart
Size Designation:
EXAMPLE:
P = Passenger car tire size based on U.S. design standards ⴖ....blank....ⴖ = Passenger car tire based on European design standards LT = Light truck tire based on U.S. design standards T = Temporary spare tire 31 = Overall diameter in inches (in) 215 = Section width in millimeters (mm) 65 = Aspect ratio in percent (%)
— Ratio of section height to section width of tire
10.5 = Section width in inches (in) R = Construction code
— ⬙R⬙ means radial construction —⬙D⬙ means diagonal or bias construction
15 = Rim diameter in inches (in)
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Service Description:
95 = Load Index
EXAMPLE:
— A numerical code associated with the maximum load a tire can carry
H = Speed Symbol
— A symbol indicating the range of speeds at which a tire can carry a load corresponding to its load index under certain operating conditions — The maximum speed corresponding to the speed symbol should only be achieved under specified operating conditions (i.e., tire pressure, vehicle loading, road conditions, and posted speed limits)
Load Identification:
ⴖ....blank....ⴖ = Absence of any text on the sidewall of the tire indicates a Standard Load (SL) tire Extra Load (XL) = Extra load (or reinforced) tire Light Load = Light load tire C, D, E = Load range associated with the maximum load a tire can carry at a specified pressure
Maximum Load — Maximum load indicates the maximum load this tire is designed to carry Maximum Pressure — Maximum pressure indicates the maximum permissible cold tire inflation pressure for this tire
274 STARTING AND OPERATING
Tire Identification Number (TIN) The TIN may be found on one or both sides of the tire, however, the date code may only be on one side. Tires with white sidewalls will have the full TIN, including the date code, located on the white sidewall side of the tire.
Look for the TIN on the outboard side of black sidewall tires as mounted on the vehicle. If the TIN is not found on the outboard side, then you will find it on the inboard side of the tire.
DOT = Department of Transportation
— This symbol certifies that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation tire safety standards and is approved for highway use
EXAMPLE:
DOT MA L9 ABCD 0301
MA = Code representing the tire manufacturing location (two digits) L9 = Code representing the tire size (two digits) ABCD = Code used by the tire manufacturer (one to four digits) 03 = Number representing the week in which the tire was manufactured (two digits)
—03 means the 3rd week.
01 = Number representing the year in which the tire was manufactured (two digits)
—01 means the year 2001
— Prior to July 2000, tire manufacturers were only required to have one number to represent the year in which the tire was manufactured. Example: 031 could represent the 3rd week of 1981 or 1991Tire Loading and Tire Pressure
Tire Placard Location NOTE: The proper cold tire inflation pressure is listed on the driver’s side B-Pillar. Tire and Loading Information Placard
Tire and Loading Information Placard
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This placard tells you important information about the: 1) number of people that can be carried in the vehicle 2) total weight your vehicle can carry 3) tire size designed for your vehicle 4) cold tire inflation pressures for the front, rear, and spare tires. Loading The vehicle maximum load on the tire must not exceed the load carrying capacity of the tire on your vehicle. You will not exceed the tire’s load carrying capacity if you adhere to the loading conditions, tire size, and cold tire inflation pressures specified on the Tire and Loading Information placard and in the “Vehicle Loading” section of this manual.
276 STARTING AND OPERATING
NOTE: Under a maximum loaded vehicle condition, gross axle weight ratings (GAWRs) for the front and rear axles must not be exceeded. For further information on GAWRs, vehicle loading, and trailer towing, refer to “Vehicle Loading” in this section. To determine the maximum loading conditions of your vehicle, locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX lbs or XXX kg” on the Tire and Loading Information placard. The combined weight of occupants, cargo/luggage and trailer tongue weight (if applicable) should never exceed the weight referenced here. Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit 1. Locate the statement “The combined weight of occu- pants and cargo should never exceed XXX lbs or XXX kg” on your vehicle’s placard.
2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle. 3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and pas- sengers from XXX lbs or XXX kg. 4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if “XXX” amount equals 1,400 lbs (635 kg) and there will be five 150 lb (68 kg) passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs (295 kg) (since 5 x 150 = 750, and 1400 – 750 = 650 lbs [295 kg]). 5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in step 4.
6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle. NOTE: • The following table shows examples on how to calcu- late total load, cargo/luggage, and towing capacities of your vehicle with varying seating configurations
STARTING AND OPERATING 277
and number and size of occupants. This table is for illustration purposes only and may not be accurate for the seating and load carry capacity of your vehicle. • For the following example, the combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed 865 lbs (392 kg).
278 STARTING AND OPERATING
WARNING!
Safety
STARTING AND OPERATING 279
Overloading of your tires is dangerous. Overloading can cause tire failure, affect vehicle handling, and increase your stopping distance. Use tires of the recommended load capacity for your vehicle. Never overload them.
TIRES — GENERAL INFORMATION
Tire Pressure Proper tire inflation pressure is essential to the safe and satisfactory operation of your vehicle. Three primary areas are affected by improper tire pressure.
WARNING!
cause accidents.
sult in tire failure.
• Improperly inflated tires are dangerous and can • Under-inflation increases tire flexing and can re- • Over-inflation reduces a tire’s ability to cushion shock. Objects on the road and chuckholes can cause damage that result in tire failure. • Unequal tire pressures can cause steering prob- • Over-inflated or under-inflated tires can affect vehicle handling and can fail suddenly, resulting in loss of vehicle control.
lems. You could lose control of your vehicle.
(Continued)
280 STARTING AND OPERATING
WARNING! (Continued)
• Unequal tire pressures from one side of the ve- hicle to the other can cause the vehicle to drift to the right or left. • Always drive with each tire inflated to the recom-
mended cold tire inflation pressure.
Economy Improper inflation pressures can cause uneven wear patterns to develop across the tire tread. These abnormal wear patterns will reduce tread life resulting in a need for earlier tire replacement. Under-inflation, also increases tire rolling resistance and results fuel consumption. Ride Comfort and Vehicle Stability Proper tire inflation contributes to a comfortable ride. Over-inflation produces a jarring and uncomfortable ride.
in higher
Tire Inflation Pressures The proper cold tire inflation pressure is listed on the driver’s side “B” Pillar. The tire pressure should be checked and adjusted, and the tires inspected for signs of wear or visible damage, at least once a month. Use a good quality pocket-type gauge to check tire pressure. Do not make a visual judgement when determining proper inflation. Radial tires may look properly inflated, even when they are under-inflated.
CAUTION!
After inspecting or adjusting the tire pressure, al- ways reinstall the valve stem cap (if equipped). This will prevent moisture and dirt from entering the valve stem, which could damage the valve stem.
Inflation pressures specified on the placard are always “cold tire inflation pressure.” Cold tire inflation pressure is defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours, or driven less than 1 mile (1.6 km) after a three-hour period. The cold tire inflation pressure must not exceed the maximum infla- tion pressure molded into the tire sidewall. Check tire pressures more often if subject to a wide range of outdoor temperatures, as tire pressures vary with temperature changes. Tire pressures change by approximately 1 psi (7 kPa) per 12° F (7° C) of air temperature change. Keep this in mind when checking tire pressure inside a garage, especially in the Winter. Example: If garage temperature is 68°F (20°C) and the outside temperature is 32°F (0°C), then the cold tire
STARTING AND OPERATING 281
inflation pressure should be increased by 3 psi (21 kPa), which equals 1 psi (7 kPa) for every 12°F (7°C) for this outside temperature condition. Tire pressure may increase from 2 to 6 psi (13 to 40 kPa) during operation. Do not reduce this normal pressure buildup or your tire pressure will be too low. Tire Pressures for High-Speed Operation The manufacturer advocates driving at safe speeds within posted speed limits. Where speed limits or condi- tions are such that the vehicle can be driven at high speeds, maintaining correct tire inflation pressure is very important. Increased tire pressure and reduced vehicle loading may be required for high-speed vehicle opera- tion. Refer to original-equipment information, or an authorized tire dealer, for recommended safe operating speeds, loading and cold tire inflation pressures.
282 STARTING AND OPERATING
WARNING!
High-speed driving, with your vehicle at or above maximum load, is dangerous. The added strain on your tires could cause them to fail. You could have a serious accident. Do not drive a vehicle loaded to the maximum capacity at continuous speeds above 75 mph (120 km/h).
Radial-Ply Tires
WARNING!
Combining radial ply tires with other types of tires on your vehicle will cause your vehicle to handle poorly. The instability could cause an accident. Al- ways use radial ply tires in sets of four. Never combine them with other types of tires.
Cuts and punctures in radial tires are repairable only in the tread area because of sidewall flexing. Consult your authorized tire dealer for radial tire repairs. Tire Spinning When stuck in mud, sand, snow, or ice conditions, do not spin your vehicle’s wheels faster than 30 mph (48 km/h), or continuously for longer than 30 seconds, without stopping. Refer to “Freeing A Stuck Vehicle” in Section 6 of this manual for additional information.
WARNING!
• Fast spinning tires can be dangerous. Forces gen- erated by excessive wheel speeds may cause tire damage or failure. A tire could explode and injure someone.
(Continued)
WARNING! (Continued)
• Do not spin your vehicle’s wheels faster than 30 mph (48 km/h), or for more than 30 seconds continuously, when you are stuck; and do not let anyone near a spinning wheel, no matter what the speed.
Tread Wear Indicators Tread wear indicators are in the original-equipment tires to help you in determining when your tires should be replaced.
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1 — Worn Tire 2 — New Tire
These indicators are molded into the bottom of the tread grooves. They will appear as bands when the tread depth becomes 1/16 in (2 mm). When the tread is worn to the tread wear indicators, the tire should be replaced.
284 STARTING AND OPERATING
Many states have laws requiring tire replacement at this point. Life of Tire The service life of a tire is dependent upon varying factors, including, but not limited to: • Driving style • Tire pressure • Distance driven
WARNING!
The tires and the spare tire should be replaced after six years, regardless of the remaining tread. Failure to follow this warning can result in sudden tire failure. You could lose control and have an accident resulting in serious injury or death.
Keep dismounted tires in a cool, dry place with as little exposure to light as possible. Protect tires from contact with oil, grease and gasoline. Replacement Tires The tires on your new vehicle provide a balance of many characteristics. They should be inspected regularly for wear and correct cold tire inflation pressure. The manu- facturer strongly recommends that you use tires equiva- lent to the originals in size, quality and performance when replacement is needed. Please see “Tread Wear Indicators” and “Tire and Loading Information” placard for the size designation of your tire. The service descrip- tion and load identification will be found on the original- equipment tire. Failure to use equivalent replacement tires may adversely affect the safety, handling, and ride of your vehicle. We recommend that you contact your original-equipment manufacturer, or an authorized tire dealer, with any questions you may have on tire specifi- cations or capability.
WARNING!
• Do not use a tire, wheel size or rating other than that specified for your vehicle. Some combinations of unapproved tires and wheels may change sus- pension dimensions and performance characteris- tics, resulting in changes to steering, handling, and braking of your vehicle. This can cause unpredict- able handling and stress to steering and suspen- sion components. You could lose control and have an accident resulting in serious injury or death. Use only the tire and wheel sizes with load ratings approved for your vehicle. • Never use a tire with a smaller load index or capacity, than what was originally equipped on your vehicle. Using a tire with a smaller load index could result in tire overloading and failure. You could lose control and have an accident.
(Continued)
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WARNING! (Continued)
• Failure to equip your vehicle with tires having adequate speed capability can result in sudden tire failure and loss of vehicle control.
CAUTION!
Replacing original tires with tires of a different size may result in false speedometer and odometer readings.
TIRE CHAINS Due to limited clearance, tire chains are not recom- mended.
CAUTION!
Damage to the vehicle may result if tire chains are used.
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SNOW TIRES Some areas of the country require the use of snow tires during Winter. Standard tires are of the all-season type and satisfy this requirement as indicated by the M+S designation on the tire sidewall. If you need snow tires, select tires equivalent in size and type to the original equipment tires. Use snow tires only in sets of four; failure to do so may adversely affect the safety and handling of your vehicle. Snow tires generally have lower speed ratings than what was originally equipped with your vehicle and should not be operated at sustained speeds over 75 mph (120 km/h).
TIRE ROTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Tires on the front and rear axles of vehicles operate at different loads and perform different steering, driving, and braking functions. For these reasons, they wear at unequal rates and tend to develop irregular wear pat- terns. These effects can be reduced by timely rotation of tires. The benefits of rotation are especially worthwhile with aggressive tread designs such as those on all season type tires. Rotation will increase tread life, help to maintain mud, snow and wet traction levels, and contribute to a smooth, quiet ride.
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TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM (TPMS) • The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) will warn the driver of a low tire pressure based on the vehicle recommended cold placard pressure. • The tire pressure will vary with temperature by about 1 psi (6.9 kPa) for every 12°F (6.5°C). This means that when the outside temperature decreases, the tire pres- sure will decrease. Tire pressure should always be set based on “cold inflation tire pressure”. This is defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours, or driven less than 1 mile (1 km) after a three hour period. The cold tire inflation pressure must not exceed the maximum inflation pressure molded into the tire sidewall. Refer to “Tires – General Information” in this section for information on how to properly inflate the vehicle’s tires. The tire pressure will also increase as the vehicle is driven - this is normal and there should be no adjustment for this increased pressure.
Follow the recommended tire rotation frequency for your type of driving found in the “Maintenance Schedules” section of this manual. More frequent rotation is permis- sible if desired. The reasons for any rapid or unusual wear should be corrected prior to rotation being per- formed.
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• The TPMS will warn the driver of a low tire pressure if the tire pressure falls below the low-pressure warn- ing limit for any reason, including low temperature effects, or natural pressure loss through the tire. • The TPMS will continue to warn the driver of low tire pressure as long as the condition exists, and will not turn off until the tire pressure is at or above the recommended cold placard pressure. Once the low tire pressure warning (Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light) illuminates, you must increase the tire pressure to the recommended cold placard pressure in order for the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light to turn off. The system will automatically update and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn off once the system receives the updated tire pressures. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) in order for the TPMS to receive this information.
− For example, your vehicle may have a recom- mended cold (parked for more than three hours) placard pressure of 30 psi (207 kPa). If the ambient temperature is 68°F (20°C) and the measured tire pressure is 27 psi (186 kPa), a temperature drop to 20°F (-7°C) will decrease the tire pressure to approximately 26 psi (179 kPa). This tire pressure is sufficiently low enough to turn ON the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light. Driving the vehicle may cause the tire pressure to rise to approximately 27 psi (186 kPa), but the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will still be ON. In this situation, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn OFF only after the tires are inflated to the vehicle’s recommended cold placard pressure value.
CAUTION!
• The TPMS has been optimized for the original equipment tires and wheels. TPMS pressures and warnings have been established for the tire size equipped on your vehicle. Undesirable system operation or sensor damage may result when us- ing replacement equipment that is not of the same size, type, and/or style. Aftermarket wheels can cause sensor damage. Do not use aftermarket tire sealants or balance beads if your vehicle is equipped with a TPMS, as damage to the sensors may result. • After inspecting or adjusting the tire pressure, always reinstall the valve stem cap. This will prevent moisture and dirt from entering the valve stem, which could damage the Tire Pressure Moni- toring Sensor.
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while adjusting your tire pressure.
NOTE: • The TPMS is not intended to replace normal tire care and maintenance or to provide warning of a tire failure or condition. • The TPMS should not be used as a tire pressure gauge • Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle’s handling and stopping ability. • The TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire mainte- nance, and it is the driver’s responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure using an accurate tire gauge, even if under-inflation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale light.
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• Seasonal temperature changes will affect tire pressure, and the TPMS will monitor the actual tire pressure in the tire.
Base System
This is the TPMS warning indicator located in the instrument cluster.
The TPMS uses wireless technology with wheel rim mounted electronic sensors to monitor tire pressure lev- els. Sensors, mounted to each wheel as part of the valve stem, transmit tire pressure readings to the Receiver Module. It is particularly important for you to check the NOTE: tire pressure in all of the tires on your vehicle regularly and to maintain the proper pressure. The TPMS consists of the following components: • Receiver Module
• Four Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensors • Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light Tire Pressure Monitoring Low Pressure Warnings The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will illumi- nate in the instrument cluster, and an audible chime will be activated when one or more of the four active road tire pressures are low. Should this occur, you should stop as soon as possible, check the inflation pressure of each tire on your vehicle, and inflate each tire to the vehicle’s recommended cold placard pressure value. The system will automatically update and the Tire Pressure Monitor- ing Light will extinguish once the updated tire pressures have been received. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) to receive this information.
Check TPMS Warnings The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and remain on solid when a system fault is detected. The system fault will also sound a chime. If the ignition key is cycled, this sequence will repeat providing the system fault still exists. The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn off when the fault condition no longer exists. A system fault can occur with any of the following scenarios: 1. Jamming due to electronic devices or driving next to facilities emitting the same radio frequencies as the TPM sensors. 2. Installing some form of aftermarket window tinting that affects radio wave signals. 3. Snow or ice around the wheels or wheel housings. 4. Using tire chains on the vehicle. 5. Using wheels/tires not equipped with TPM sensors.
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NOTE: Your vehicle is equipped with a compact spare wheel and tire assembly. 1. The compact spare tire does not have a tire pressure monitoring sensor. Therefore, the TPMS will not monitor the tire pressure in the compact spare tire. 2. If you install the compact spare tire in place of a road tire that has a pressure below the low-pressure warning limit, upon the next ignition key cycle, a chime will sound and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will still turn ON due to the low tire. 3. However, after driving the vehicle for up to 20 min- utes above 15 mph (25 km/h), the Tire Pressure Moni- toring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid.
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4. For each subsequent ignition key cycle, a chime will sound and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid. 5. Once you repair or replace the original road tire and reinstall it on the vehicle in place of the compact spare tire, the TPMS will update automatically and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn OFF, as long as no tire pressure is below the low-pressure warning limit in any of the four active road tires. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) in order for the TPMS to receive this information.
Premium System — If Equipped The TPMS uses wireless technology with wheel rim mounted electronic sensors to monitor tire pressure lev- els. Sensors, mounted to each wheel as part of the valve stem, transmit tire pressure readings to the receiver module. It is particularly important for you to check the NOTE: tire pressure in all of your tires regularly and to maintain the proper pressure. The TPMS consists of the following components: • Receiver Module • Four Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensors • Three Trigger Modules (mounted in three of the four
wheel wells)
• Various Tire Pressure Monitoring System Messages, which display in the Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC)
• Yellow Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light Tire Pressure Monitoring Low Pressure Warnings The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will illumi- nate in the instrument cluster and an audible chime will be activated when one or more of the four active road tire pressures are low. The audible chime will sound once every ignition cycle for each condition that it detects. In addition, the EVIC will display a graphic of the pressure value(s) with the low tire(s) flashing.
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Low Tire Pressure Display
Should a low tire condition occur on any of the four active road tire(s), you should stop as soon as possible and inflate all tires that are flashing on the graphic display to the vehicle’s recommended cold placard pres- sure value. The system will automatically update, the
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graphic display of the pressure value(s) will stop flash- ing, and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Light will extin- guish once the updated tire pressure(s) have been re- ceived. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) to receive this information. Check TPMS Message The Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds, and remain on solid when a system fault is detected. The system fault will also sound a chime. The EVIC will display a “CHECK TPM SYS- TEM” message for three seconds. This text message is then followed by a graphic display, with “- -“ in place of the pressure value(s) indicating which Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor(s) is not being received.
Check TPM System Display
If the ignition key is cycled, this sequence will repeat, providing the system fault still exists. If the system fault no longer exists, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will no longer flash, the ⬙CHECK TPM SYSTEM⬙ text message will not be present, and a pressure value
will be displayed instead of dashes. A system fault can occur with any of the following scenarios: 1. Jamming due to electronic devices or driving next to facilities emitting the same radio frequencies as the TPM sensors. 2. Installing some form of aftermarket window tinting that affects radio wave signals. 3. Snow or ice around the wheels or wheel housings. 4. Using tire chains on the vehicle. 5. Using wheels/tires not equipped with TPM sensors. NOTE: Your vehicle is equipped with a compact spare wheel and tire assembly. 1. The compact spare tire does not have a tire pressure monitoring sensor. Therefore, the TPMS will not monitor the tire pressure in the compact spare tire.
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2. If you install the compact spare tire in place of a road tire that has a pressure below the low-pressure warning limit, upon the next ignition key cycle, a chime will sound and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will still turn ON due to the low tire. 3. However, after driving the vehicle for up to 20 min- utes above 15 mph (25 km/h), the Tire Pressure Moni- toring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid. 4. For each subsequent ignition key cycle, a chime will sound and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds and then remain on solid. 5. Once you repair or replace the original road tire and reinstall it on the vehicle in place of the compact spare tire, the TPMS will update automatically and the Tire Pressure Monitoring Telltale Light will turn OFF, as long as no tire pressure is below the low-pressure warning
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limit in any of the four active road tires. The vehicle may need to be driven for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (25 km/h) in order for the TPMS to receive this information. General Information This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and RSS 210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference. • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
The tire pressure sensors are covered under one of the following licenses:
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KR5S120123
Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2671-S120123FUEL REQUIREMENTS
2.4L Turbo Engine
This engine is designed to meet all emis- sions regulations and provide excellent fuel economy and performance when us- ing high-quality premium unleaded gaso- line with an octane rating of 91.
Light spark knock at low engine speeds is not harmful to your engine. However, continued heavy spark knock at high speeds can cause damage and immediate service is required. Poor quality gasoline can cause problems such as hard starting, stalling, and hesitations. If you experience these symptoms, try another brand of premium gasoline before considering service for the vehicle.
Over 40 automobile manufacturers around the world have issued and endorsed consistent gasoline specifica- tions (the World Wide Fuel Charter, WWFC) that define fuel properties necessary to deliver enhanced emissions, engine performance, and durability for your vehicle. The manufacturer recommends the use of gasolines that meet the WWFC specifications, if they are available. Reformulated Gasoline Many areas of the country require the use of cleaner burning gasoline referred to as “Reformulated Gasoline”. Reformulated gasolines contain oxygenates, and are spe- cifically blended to reduce vehicle emissions and im- prove air quality. The manufacturer supports the use of reformulated gaso- lines. Properly blended reformulated gasolines will pro- vide excellent performance and durability of engine and fuel system components.
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Gasoline/Oxygenate Blends Some fuel suppliers blend unleaded gasoline with oxy- genates such as 10% ethanol, MTBE, and ETBE. Oxygen- ates are required in some areas of the country during the Winter months to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. Fuels blended with these oxygenates may be used in your vehicle.
CAUTION!
DO NOT use gasolines containing Methanol or E85
Ethanol. Use of these blends may result in starting and driveability problems and may damage critical fuel system components.298 STARTING AND OPERATING
Problems that result from using methanol/gasoline or E85 Ethanol blends are not the responsibility of the manufacturer. While MTBE is an oxygenate made from Methanol, it does not have the negative effects of Methanol. E-85 Usage In Non-Flex Fuel Vehicles Non-FFV vehicles are compatible with gasoline contain- ing 10% ethanol (E10). Gasoline with higher ethanol content may void the vehicle’s warranty. If a Non-FFV vehicle is inadvertently fueled with E-85
fuel, the engine will have some or all of these symptoms: • operate in a lean mode • OBD II “Malfunction Indicator Light” on • poor engine performance • poor cold start and cold drivability • increased risk for fuel system component corrosionTo fix a Non-FFV vehicle inadvertently fueled once with E-85 perform the following: • drain the fuel tank (see your authorized dealer) • change the engine oil and oil filter • disconnect and reconnect the battery to reset the
engine controller memory
More extensive repairs will be required for prolonged exposure to E-85 fuel. MMT In Gasoline MMT is a manganese containing metallic additive that is blended into some gasoline to increase the octane num- ber. Gasolines blended with MMT offer no performance advantage beyond gasolines of the same octane number without MMT. Gasolines blended with MMT have shown to reduce spark plug life and reduce emissions system performance in some vehicles. The manufacturer recom- mends using gasolines without MMT. Since the MMT
