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road, shift to P (Park) or N (Neutral) and let the engine idle.
If the temperature overheat gauge is no longer in the overheat zone or an overheat warning no longer displays, the vehicle can be driven. Continue to drive the vehicle slowly for about 10 minutes. Keep a safe vehicle distance from the vehicle in front. If the warning does not come back on, continue to drive normally.
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If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park the vehicle right away. If there is no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while parked. If the warning is still displayed, turn off the engine until it cools down. Also, see “Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode” later in this section.
Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode If an overheated engine condition exists and the ENGINE POWER IS REDUCED message is displayed, an overheat protection mode which alternates firing groups of cylinders helps prevent engine damage. In this mode, a loss in power and engine performance will be noticed. This operating mode allows the vehicle to be driven to a safe place in an emergency. Driving extended
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Vehicle Care
distances and/or towing a trailer in the overheat protection mode should be avoided. Notice: After driving in the overheated engine protection operating mode, to avoid engine damage, allow the engine to cool before attempting any repair. The engine oil will be severely degraded. Repair the cause of coolant loss, change the oil and reset the oil life system. See Engine Oil on page 10-6.
Engine Fan The vehicle electric cooling fans may be heard spinning at low speed during most everyday driving. The fans may turn off if no cooling is required. Under heavy vehicle loading, trailer towing, high outside temperatures, or operation of the air conditioning system, the fans may change to high speed and an increase in fan noise may be heard. This is normal and indicates that the cooling system is functioning
properly. The fans will change to low speed when additional cooling is no longer required.
Power Steering Fluid
See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for reservoir location. When to Check Power Steering Fluid It is not necessary to regularly check power steering fluid unless there is a leak suspected in the system or an unusual noise is heard. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired.
How to Check Power Steering Fluid To check the power steering fluid: 1. Turn the key off and let the
engine compartment cool down. 2. Wipe the cap and the top of the
reservoir clean.
3. Unscrew the cap and wipe the
dipstick with a clean rag.
4. Replace the cap and completely
tighten it.
5. Remove the cap again and look at the fluid level on the dipstick.
The level should be at the FULL COLD mark. If necessary, add only enough fluid to bring the level up to the mark. What to Use To determine what kind of fluid to use, see Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12. Always use the proper fluid.
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Notice: Use of the incorrect fluid may damage the vehicle and the damages may not be covered by the vehicle's warranty. Always use the correct fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12.
Washer Fluid
What to Use When windshield washer fluid needs to be added, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions before use. Use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing. Adding Washer Fluid The vehicle has a low washer fluid message on the DIC that comes on when the washer fluid is low. The message is displayed for 15 seconds at the start of each ignition cycle. When the WASHER FLUID LOW ADD FLUID message
displays, washer fluid will need to be added to the windshield washer fluid reservoir.
Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for reservoir location. Notice
. When using concentrated
washer fluid, follow the manufacturer instructions for adding water.
. Do not mix water with
ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage the washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system.
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10-21
. Fill the washer fluid tank only
three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.
. Do not use engine coolant
(antifreeze) in the windshield washer. It can damage the windshield washer system and paint.
Brakes This vehicle has disc brakes. Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.
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Vehicle Care
{ Warning
The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to a crash. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.
Notice: Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair. Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications in Capacities and Specifications on page 12-2.
Brake linings should always be replaced as complete axle sets. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service might be required. Brake Adjustment Every time the brakes are applied, with or without the vehicle moving, the brakes adjust for wear. Replacing Brake System Parts The braking system on a vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. The vehicle was designed and tested with top-quality brake parts. When parts of the braking system are replaced, be sure to get new, approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes might not work properly. For example,
installing disc brake pads that are wrong for the vehicle, can change the balance between the front and rear brakes — for the worse. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed.
Brake Fluid
The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with DOT 3 brake fluid. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for the location of the reservoir.
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There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down:
The brake fluid level goes down because of normal brake lining wear. When new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up.
. A fluid leak in the brake
hydraulic system can also cause a low fluid level. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later the brakes will not work well.
Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.
{ Warning
If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system. See “Checking Brake Fluid” in this section.
When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light on page 5-21. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine when to check the brake fluid. See Maintenance Schedule on page 11-2. Checking Brake Fluid Check brake fluid by looking at the brake fluid reservoir. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5.
The fluid level should be above MIN. If it is not, have the brake hydraulic system checked to see if there is a leak. After work is done on the brake hydraulic system, make sure the level is above the MIN but not over the MAX mark.
What to Add Use only new DOT 3 brake fluid from a sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12.
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Vehicle Care
Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. This helps keep dirt from entering the reservoir.
{ Warning
With the wrong kind of fluid in the brake hydraulic system, the brakes might not work well. This could cause a crash. Always use the proper brake fluid.
Notice
. Using the wrong fluid can
badly damage brake hydraulic system parts. For example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in the brake hydraulic system can damage brake hydraulic system parts so badly that they will have to be replaced. Do not let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid.
. If brake fluid is spilled on the
vehicle's painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Be careful not to spill brake fluid on the vehicle. If you do, wash it off immediately.
Battery Refer to the replacement number on the original battery label when a new battery is needed. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for battery location.
{ Warning
Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.
Vehicle Storage
{ Warning
Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting on page 10-77 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.
Infrequent Usage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery to keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger.
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Front Axle
When to Check and Change Lubricant It is not necessary to regularly check front axle fluid unless a leak is suspected, or an unusual noise is heard. A fluid loss could indicate a problem. Have it inspected and repaired.
How to Check Lubricant To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface.
To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface. If the level is below the bottom of the fill plug (A) hole, some lubricant will need to be added. Add enough lubricant to raise the level to the bottom of the fill plug (A) hole. Use care not to overtighten the plug.
When to Change Lubricant Refer to Maintenance Schedule on page 11-2 to determine how often to change the lubricant.
What to Use Refer to Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12 to determine what kind of lubricant to use.
Four-Wheel Drive
Transfer Case
When to Check Lubricant Refer to Maintenance Schedule on page 11-2 to determine when to check the lubricant.
How to Check Lubricant
Active Transfer Case
A. Fill Plug B. Drain Plug
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Vehicle Care
What to Use Refer to Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-12 to determine what kind of lubricant to use.
Rear Axle
When to Check Lubricant It is not necessary to regularly check rear axle fluid unless there is a leak suspected, or an unusual noise is heard. A fluid loss could indicate a problem. Have it inspected and repaired. All axle assemblies are filled by volume of fluid during production. They are not filled to reach a certain level. When checking the fluid level on any axle, variations in the readings can be caused by factory fill differences between the minimum and the maximum fluid volume. Also, if a vehicle has just been driven before checking the fluid level, it may appear lower than normal because fluid has traveled
out along the axle tubes and has not drained back to the sump area. Therefore, a reading taken five minutes after the vehicle has been driven will appear to have a lower fluid level than a vehicle that has been stationary for an hour or two. Remember that the rear axle assembly must be supported to get a true reading. How to Check Lubricant
To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface.
A. Fill Plug B. Drain Plug
. When the differential is cold, add
enough lubricant to raise the level from 0 mm (0 in) to 3.2 mm (1/8 in) below the fill plug (A) hole.
. When the differential is at
operating temperature (warm), add enough lubricant to raise the level to the bottom of the fill plug (A) hole.
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The proper level is from 1.0 mm to 19.0 mm (0.04 in to 0.75 in) below the bottom of the fill plug hole, located on the rear axle. Add only enough fluid to reach the proper level.
Starter Switch Check
{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.
1. Before starting this check, be
sure there is enough room around the vehicle.
2. Apply both the parking brake
and the regular brake. Do not use the accelerator pedal, and be ready to turn off the engine immediately if it starts.
3. Try to start the engine in each gear. The vehicle should start only in P (Park) or N (Neutral). If the vehicle starts in any other position, contact your dealer for service.
Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control Function Check
{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.
1. Before starting this check, be
sure there is enough room around the vehicle. It should be parked on a level surface.
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10-27
2. Apply the parking brake. Be
ready to apply the regular brake immediately if the vehicle begins to move.
3. With the engine off, turn the
ignition on, but do not start the engine. Without applying the regular brake, try to move the shift lever out of P (Park) with normal effort. If the shift lever moves out of P (Park), contact your dealer for service.
Ignition Transmission Lock Check If equipped with a key type ignition, while parked and with the parking brake set, try to turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF in each shift lever position.
The ignition should turn to LOCK/OFF only when the shift lever is in P (Park).
The ignition key should come out only in LOCK/OFF.
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Vehicle Care
Contact your dealer if service is required.
Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check { Warning
When you are doing this check, the vehicle could begin to move. You or others could be injured and property could be damaged. Make sure there is room in front of the vehicle in case it begins to roll. Be ready to apply the regular brake at once should the vehicle begin to move.
Park on a fairly steep hill, with the vehicle facing downhill. Keeping your foot on the regular brake, set the parking brake.
To check the parking brake's holding ability: With the engine running and the transmission in N (Neutral), slowly remove foot
pressure from the regular brake pedal. Do this until the vehicle is held by the parking brake only.
To check the P (Park) mechanism's holding ability: With the engine running, shift to P (Park). Then release the parking brake followed by the regular brake.
Contact your dealer if service is required.
Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield wiper blades should be inspected for wear or cracking. See Maintenance Schedule on page 11-2. Replacement blades come in different types and are removed in different ways. Front Wiper Blade Replacement 1. Pull the windshield wiper arm
connector away from the windshield.
2. Squeeze the grooved areas on each side of the blade, and turn the blade assembly away from the arm connector.
3.
Install the new blade onto the arm connector and make sure the grooved areas are fully set in the locked position.
For the proper type and size, see Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 11-14.
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Headlamp Aiming Headlamp aim has been preset and should need no further adjustment. If the vehicle is damaged in a crash, the headlamp aim may be affected. If adjustment to the headlamps is necessary, see your dealer.
Rear Wiper Blade Replacement 1. Lift the wiper blade assembly up and out of the park rest position.
2. Pull the wiper blade assembly away from the backglass. The backglass wiper blade will not lock in a vertical position, so care should be used when pulling it away from the vehicle. 3. Turn the wiper blade assembly, and pull it off of the wiper arm. Hold the wiper arm in position and push the blade away from the wiper arm.
4. Replace the wiper blade. 5. Return the wiper blade assembly
to the park rest position.
Glass Replacement If the windshield or front side glass must be replaced, see your dealer to determine the correct replacement glass.
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Vehicle Care
Bulb Replacement For the proper type of replacement bulbs, see Replacement Bulbs on page 10-31. For any bulb‐changing procedure not listed in this section, contact your dealer.
Halogen Bulbs
{ Warning
Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the bulb package.
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Stoplamps, and Back-Up Lamps
2. Remove the two screws from the
taillamp assembly.
3. Pull the taillamp assembly
rearward disengaging the two outer pins on the taillamp assembly from the vehicle.
4. Turn the bulb socket
counterclockwise to remove it from the taillamp assembly. 5. Pull the old bulb straight out
from the bulb socket.
A. Stoplamp/Taillamp B. Back-up Lamp C. Taillamp/Turn Signal Lamp D. Side Marker Lamp To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Open the liftgate. See Liftgate
on page 2-9.
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10-31
5. Reverse Steps 1–3 to reinstall
the license plate lamp.
Replacement Bulbs
Exterior Lamp
Back-up Lamp License Plate Lamp Rear Turn Signal Lamp, Taillamp, and Stoplamp Side Marker Lamp
Bulb
Number
7441
W5WLL
3057
KX RD194
For replacement bulbs not listed here, contact your dealer.
License Plate Lamp
6. Press a new bulb into the bulb
socket and install the socket into the taillamp assembly by turning it clockwise.
7. Reinstall the taillamp assembly. When reinstalling, make sure to line up the pins on the taillamp assembly with the vehicle. If this is not done, the taillamp assembly will not be able to be installed correctly.
1. Remove the two screws holding each of the license plate lamps to the molding that is part of the liftgate.
2. Twist and pull the license plate lamp assembly forward through the molding opening.
3. Remove the bulb socket from
the lamp assembly by turning it counterclockwise.
4. Pull the bulb straight out of the socket and install the new bulb.
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Vehicle Care
Electrical System
Electrical System Overload The vehicle has fuses and circuit breakers to protect against an electrical system overload. When the current electrical load is too heavy, the circuit breaker opens and closes, protecting the circuit until the current load returns to normal or the problem is fixed. This greatly reduces the chance of circuit overload and fire caused by electrical problems. Fuses and circuit breakers protect power devices in the vehicle. Replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. If there is a problem on the road and a fuse needs to be replaced, the same amperage fuse can be borrowed. Choose some feature of the vehicle that is not needed to use and replace it as soon as possible.
Headlamp Wiring An electrical overload may cause the lamps to go on and off, or in some cases to remain off. Have the headlamp wiring checked right away if the lamps go on and off or remain off. Windshield Wipers If the wiper motor overheats due to heavy snow or ice, the windshield wipers will stop until the motor cools and will then restart. Although the circuit is protected from electrical overload, overload due to heavy snow or ice may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow from the windshield before using the windshield wipers. If the overload is caused by an electrical problem and not snow or ice, be sure to get it fixed.
Fuses and Circuit Breakers The wiring circuits in the vehicle are protected from short circuits by a combination of fuses, circuit breakers, and fusible thermal links. This greatly reduces the chance of fires caused by electrical problems. Look at the silver-colored band inside the fuse. If the band is broken or melted, replace the fuse. Be sure you replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. Fuses of the same amperage can be temporarily borrowed from another fuse location, if a fuse goes out. Replace the fuse as soon as you can.
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Engine Compartment Fuse Block
The Engine Compartment Fuse Block is located in the engine compartment, on the driver side of the vehicle. Lift the cover for access to the fuse/relay block. Notice: Spilling liquid on any electrical component on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component. To remove fuses, hold the end of the fuse between your thumb and index finger and pull straight out.
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Vehicle Care
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The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.
Fuses
Usage
Right Trailer Stop/ Turn Lamp Electronic Stability Suspension Control, Automatic Level Control Exhaust Left Trailer Stop/ Turn Lamp Engine Controls Engine Control Module, Throttle Control Trailer Brake Controller Front Washer Oxygen Sensors Antilock Brakes System 2
Fuses
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1920
Usage Trailer Back-up Lamps Driver Side Low-Beam Headlamp Engine Control Module (Battery) Fuel Injectors, Ignition Coils (Right Side) Transmission Control Module (Battery) Vehicle Back-up Lamps Passenger Side Low-Beam Headlamp Air Conditioning Compressor Oxygen Sensors Transmission Controls (Ignition) Fuel Pump
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10-35
Fuses
Usage
21
22
2324
25
2627
28
29
3031
32
Fuel System Control Module Headlamp Washer Rear Windshield Washer Fuel Injectors, Ignition Coils (Left Side) Trailer Parking Lamps Driver Side Parking Lamps Passenger Side Parking Lamps Fog Lamps Horn Passenger Side High-Beam Headlamp Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) (If Equipped) Driver Side High-Beam Headlamp
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Vehicle Care
Fuses
Usage
Fuses
33
34
3536
3738
39
40
41
42
4344
Daytime Running Lamps 2 (If Equipped) Sunroof Key Ignition System, Theft Deterrent System Windshield Wiper SEO B2 Upfitter Usage (Battery) Electric Adjustable Pedals Climate Controls (Battery) Airbag System (Ignition) Amplifier Audio System Miscellaneous (Ignition), Cruise Control Liftgate Release
45
46
47
4849
50
51
5253
54
55
Usage Airbag System (Battery) Instrument Panel Cluster Not Used Auxiliary Climate Control (Ignition) Center High-Mounted Stoplamp (CHMSL) Rear Defogger Heated Mirrors SEO B1 Upfitter Usage (Battery) Accessory Power Outlet, Cigarette Lighter (If Equipped) Automatic Level Control Compressor Relay Climate Controls (Ignition)
Fuses
56
J-Case Fuses
57
5859
60
6162
6364
65
Usage Engine Control Module, Secondary Fuel Pump (Ignition)
Usage
Cooling Fan 1
Automatic Level Control Compressor Heavy Duty Antilock Braking System Cooling Fan 2
Antilock Brake System 1
Starter Stud 2 (Trailer Brakes) Left Bussed Electrical Center 1
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Relays
Usage
Low-Beam Headlamp
Front Fog Lamps
Air Conditioning Compressor Starter
HDLP LO/HID FOG LAMP A/C CMPRSR STRTR PWR/TRN Powertrain FUEL Fuel Pump PMP PRK LAMP REAR DEFOG RUN/ CRNK
Parking Lamps
Rear Defogger
Switched Power
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10-37
Instrument Panel Fuse Block
The instrument panel fuse block access door is located on the driver side edge of the instrument panel. Pull off the cover to access the fuse block.
J-Case Fuses
Usage
66
67
6869
70
71
72
Relays
FAN HI
FAN LO
FAN CNTRL
Not Used Transfer Case Stud 1 (Trailer Connector Battery Power) Mid-Bussed Electrical Center 1
Climate Control Blower Power Liftgate Module Left Bussed Electrical Center 2Usage
Cooling Fan High Speed Cooling Fan Low Speed Cooling Fan Control
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Vehicle Care
Fuses
Usage
10
11
12
13
14
1516
Driver Side Turn Signal, Stoplamp Instrument Panel Back Lighting Passenger Side Turn Signal, Stoplamp Passenger Door Module, Driver Unlock Power Door Lock 2
(Unlock Feature) Power Door Lock 2
(Lock Feature) Stoplamps, Center High‐Mounted Stoplamp Rear Climate Controls Power Mirror Body Control Module (BCM) Accessory Power OutletsThe vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.
Fuses
Usage
Rear Seats Rear Accessory Power Outlet
Fuses
Usage Steering Wheel Controls Backlight Driver Door Module Dome Lamps, Driver Side Turn Signal
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Fuses
17
1819
20
21
22
23
24
2526
Usage Interior Lamps Power Door Lock 1
(Unlock Feature) Rear Seat Entertainment Ultrasonic Rear Parking Assist, Power Liftgate Power Door Lock 1
(Lock Feature) Driver Information Center (DIC) Rear Wiper Cooled Seats Driver Seat Module, Remote Keyless Entry System Driver Power Door Lock (Unlock Feature)Circuit Breaker LT DR
Usage
Driver Side Power Window Circuit Breaker
Harness Connector
LT DR
BODY BODY
Usage
Driver Door Harness Connection Harness Connector Harness Connector
Center Instrument Panel Fuse Block The center instrument panel fuse block is located underneath the instrument panel, to the left of the steering column.
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10-39
Top View
Harness Connector
BODY 2
BODY 1
BODY 3
HEADLINER
Usage Body Harness Connector 2
Body Harness Connector 1
Body Harness Connector 3
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Vehicle Care
Harness Connector HEADLINER
HEADLINER
SEO/
UPFITTER
Usage
Headliner Harness Connector 2
Headliner Harness Connector 1
Special Equipment Option Upfitter Harness ConnectorCircuit Breaker
CB1
CB2
CB3
CB4
Usage
Passenger Side Power Window Circuit Breaker Passenger Seat Circuit Breaker Driver Seat Circuit Breaker Rear Sliding Window
Wheels and Tires
Tires Every new GM vehicle has high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. See the warranty manual for information regarding the tire warranty and where to get service. For additional information refer to the tire manufacturer.
{ Warning
. Poorly maintained and
improperly used tires are dangerous.
. Overloading the tires can
cause overheating as a result of too much flexing. There could be a blowout
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
and a serious crash. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15.
. Underinflated tires pose
the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting crash could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when the tires are cold.
. Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by a sudden impact — such as when hitting a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure.
(Continued)
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Warning (Continued)
Warning (Continued)
. Worn or old tires can
cause a crash. If the tread is badly worn, replace them.
. Replace any tires that
have been damaged by impacts with potholes, curbs, etc.
. Improperly repaired tires can cause a crash. Only the dealer or an authorized tire service center should repair, replace, dismount, and mount the tires.
. Do not spin the tires in
excess of 56 km/h (35 mph) on slippery surfaces such as snow,
(Continued)
mud, ice, etc. Excessive spinning may cause the tires to explode.
20‐Inch Tires If the vehicle has 20‐inch P275/ 55R20 size tires, they are classified as touring tires and are designed for on road use. The low‐profile, wide tread design is not recommended for off‐road driving. See Off-Road Driving on page 9-5, for additional information. Notice: Low‐profile tires are more susceptible to damage from road hazards or curb impact than standard profile tires. Tire and/or wheel assembly damage can occur when coming into contact with road hazards like,
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potholes, or sharp edged objects, or when sliding into a curb. The warranty does not cover this type of damage. Keep tires set to the correct inflation pressure and, when possible, avoid contact with curbs, potholes, and other road hazards.
All-Season Tires This vehicle may come with all-season tires. These tires are designed to provide good overall performance on most road surfaces and weather conditions. Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. Original equipment all-season tires can be identified by the last two characters of this TPC code, which will be “MS.” Consider installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving on snow or ice-covered roads is
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expected. All-season tires provide adequate performance for most winter driving conditions, but they may not offer the same level of traction or performance as winter tires on snow or ice-covered roads. See Winter Tires on page 10-42.
Winter Tires This vehicle was not originally equipped with winter tires. Winter tires are designed for increased traction on snow and ice-covered roads. Consider installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving on ice or snow covered roads is expected. See your dealer for details regarding winter tire availability and proper tire selection. Also, see Buying New Tires on page 10-57. With winter tires, there may be decreased dry road traction, increased road noise, and shorter tread life. After changing to winter tires, be alert for changes in vehicle handling and braking.
If using winter tires:
. Use tires of the same brand and
tread type on all four wheel positions.
. Use only radial ply tires of the
same size, load range, and speed rating as the original equipment tires.
Winter tires with the same speed rating as the original equipment tires may not be available for H, V, W, Y, and ZR speed rated tires. If winter tires with a lower speed rating are chosen, never exceed the tire's maximum speed capability.
Summer Tires This vehicle may come with high performance summer tires. These tires have a special tread and compound that are optimized for maximum dry and wet road performance. This special tread and compound will decrease performance in cold climates, and on ice and snow. We recommend
installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving in cold temperatures or on snow or ice covered roads is expected. See Winter Tires on page 10-42.
All-Terrain Tires This vehicle may have all-terrain tires. These tires provide good performance on most road surfaces, weather conditions, and for off-road driving. See Off-Road Driving on page 9-5. The tread pattern on these tires may wear more quickly than other tires. Consider rotating the tires more frequently than at 12 000 km (7,500 mi) intervals if irregular wear is noted when the tires are inspected. See Tire Inspection on page 10-54.
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Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into the sidewall. The examples show a typical passenger and light truck tire sidewall.
Passenger (P-Metric) Tire (A) Tire Size: The tire size code is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type,
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digits represent the week (01-52) and the last two digits, the year. For example, the third week of the year 2010 would have a four-digit DOT date of 0310. (D) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (E) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread.
and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (B) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (C) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. DOT Tire Date of Manufacture: The last four digits of the TIN indicate the tire manufactured date. The first two
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(F) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG): Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. For more information, see Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 10-59. (G) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load. For information on recommended tire pressure see Tire Pressure on page 10-49 and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15.
criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (C) Dual Tire Maximum Load: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load when used in a dual configuration. For information on recommended tire pressure see Tire Pressure on page 10-49
and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15. (D) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire
(A) Tire Size: The tire size code is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (B) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance
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DOT Tire Date of Manufacture: The last four digits of the TIN indicate the tire manufactured date. The first two digits represent the week (01-52) and the last two digits, the year. For example, the third week of the year 2010 would have a four-digit DOT date of 0310. (E) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (F) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread.
(G) Single Tire Maximum Load: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load when used as a single. For information on recommended tire pressure see Tire Pressure on page 10-49 and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15.
Tire Designations
Tire Size The examples show a typical passenger vehicle and light truck tire size.
Passenger (P‐Metric) Tire
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(A) Passenger (P‐Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (B) Tire Width: The three‐digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. (C) Aspect Ratio: A two‐digit number that indicates the tire height‐to‐width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 75, as shown in item C of the tire illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 75 percent as high as it is wide.
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(D) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted‐bias ply construction. (E) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches. (F) Service Description: These characters represent the load index and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carrying capacity a tire is certified to carry. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load.
(LT‐Metric) tire illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 75 percent as high as it is wide. (D) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted‐bias ply construction. (E) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches. (F) Load Range: Load Range. (G) Service Description: The service description indicates the load index and speed rating of a tire. If two numbers are given as in the example, 120/116, then this represents the load index for single versus dual wheel usage
Light Truck (LT‐Metric) Tire (A) Light Truck (LT‐Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letters LT as the first two characters in the tire size mean a light truck tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (B) Tire Width: The three‐digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. (C) Aspect Ratio: A two‐digit number that indicates the tire height‐to‐width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 75, as shown in item C of the light truck
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(single/dual). The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load.
Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure: The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch). Accessory Weight: The combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio: The relationship of a tire's height to its width.
Belt: A rubber coated layer of cords between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials. Bead: The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Cold Tire Pressure: The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch) before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Tire Pressure on page 10-49. Curb Weight: The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the
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maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo. DOT Markings: A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15. GAWR FRT: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15.
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GAWR RR: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15. Intended Outboard Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire, that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa): The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire: A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index: An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279
that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire. Maximum Inflation Pressure: The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall.Maximum Load Rating: The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire. Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight: The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight: The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 68 kg (150 lb). See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15. Occupant Distribution: Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or
model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire. Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure: Vehicle manufacturer's recommended tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Tire Pressure on page 10-49 and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15. Radial Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim: A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated.
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Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating: An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate. Traction: The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators: Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1.6 mm (1/ 16 in) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 10-56. UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards): A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a
tire's traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 10-59. Vehicle Capacity Weight: The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 68 kg (150 lb) plus the rated cargo load. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15. Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire: Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard: A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle capacity weight and the original equipment tire size and
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recommended inflation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15.
Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively. Notice: Neither tire underinflation nor overinflation is good. Underinflated tires, or tires that do not have enough air, can result in:
. Tire overloading and
overheating which could lead to a blowout.
. Premature or
irregular wear.
. Poor handling.
. Reduced fuel economy.
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Overinflated tires, or tires that have too much air, can result in:
. Unusual wear.
. Poor handling.
. Rough ride.
. Needless damage from
road hazards.
The Tire and Loading Information label on the vehicle
