Assistance. See Roadside Assistance Program on page 13-5. To get help and keep everyone in the vehicle safe:
Turn on the hazard warning flashers. Tie a red cloth to an outside mirror.
{ Warning
Snow can trap engine exhaust under the vehicle. This may cause exhaust gases to get
(Continued)
Driving and Operating
9-13
Warning (Continued)
inside. Engine exhaust contains carbon monoxide (CO) which cannot be seen or smelled. It can cause unconsciousness and even death. If the vehicle is stuck in the snow: . Clear away snow from around
the base of your vehicle, especially any that is blocking the exhaust pipe.
. Check again from time to
time to be sure snow does not collect there.
. Open a window about 5 cm
(2 in) on the side of the vehicle that is away from the wind to bring in fresh air.
. Fully open the air outlets on
or under the instrument panel.
(Continued)
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
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9-14
Driving and Operating
Warning (Continued)
. Adjust the climate control
system to a setting that circulates the air inside the vehicle and set the fan speed to the highest setting. See “Climate Control Systems”.
For more information about carbon monoxide, see Engine Exhaust on page 9-33.
To save fuel, run the engine for only short periods as needed to warm the vehicle and then shut the engine off and close the window most of the way to save heat. Repeat this until help arrives but only when you feel really uncomfortable from the cold. Moving about to keep warm also helps. If it takes some time for help to arrive, now and then when you run the engine, push the accelerator pedal slightly so the engine runs faster than the idle speed. This keeps the battery charged to restart
the vehicle and to signal for help with the headlamps. Do this as little as possible to save fuel.
If the Vehicle Is Stuck Slowly and cautiously spin the wheels to free the vehicle when stuck in sand, mud, ice, or snow. See “Rocking the Vehicle to Get It Out” later in this section. The Traction Control System (TCS) can often help to free a stuck vehicle. See Traction Control/ Electronic Stability Control on page 9-56. If TCS cannot free the vehicle, see “Rocking the Vehicle to Get it Out” following.
{ Warning
If the vehicle's tires spin at high speed, they can explode, and you or others could be injured. The vehicle can overheat, causing an engine compartment fire or other
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
damage. Spin the wheels as little as possible and avoid going above 56 km/h (35 mph).
For information about using tire chains on the vehicle, see Tire Chains on page 10-75. Rocking the Vehicle to Get It Out Turn the steering wheel left and right to clear the area around the front wheels. For four-wheel-drive vehicles, shift into Four-Wheel Drive High. Turn the TCS off. Shift back and forth between R (Reverse) and a forward gear, spinning the wheels as little as possible. To prevent transmission wear, wait until the wheels stop spinning before shifting gears. Slowly spinning the wheels in the forward and reverse directions causes a rocking motion that could free the vehicle. If that does not get the vehicle out after a few tries, it
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (15,1)
might need to be towed out. See Towing the Vehicle on page 10-94. Recovery hooks can be used, if the vehicle has them. Recovery Hooks
{ Warning
Never pull on recovery hooks from the side. The hooks could break and you and others could be injured. When using recovery hooks, always pull the vehicle from the front.
Driving and Operating
9-15
Vehicle Load Limits It is very important to know how much weight the vehicle can carry. This weight is called the vehicle capacity weight and includes the weight of all occupants, cargo, and all nonfactory-installed options. Two labels on the vehicle show how much weight it was designed to carry: the Tire and Loading Information label and the Certification/Tire label.
{ Warning
Do not load the vehicle any heavier than the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), or either the maximum front or rear Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). This can cause systems to break and change the way the (Continued)
{ Caution
Do not drive through standing water if it is deep enough to cover the wheel hubs, axles, or exhaust pipe. Deep water can damage the axle and other vehicle parts.
There are recovery hooks at the front of the vehicle. Use them if the vehicle is stuck off-road and needs to be pulled some place to continue driving.
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5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
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Driving and Operating
Warning (Continued)
vehicle handles. This could cause loss of control and a crash. Overloading can also shorten the life of the vehicle.
Tire and Loading Information Label
Label Example
A vehicle-specific Tire and Loading Information label is attached to the center pillar (B-pillar). With the driver door
open, you will find the label attached below the door lock post (striker). The Tire and Loading Information label shows the number of occupant seating positions (1), and the maximum vehicle capacity weight (2) in kilograms and pounds. The Tire and Loading Information label also shows the size of the original equipment tires (3) and the recommended cold tire inflation pressures (4). For more information on tires and inflation see Tires on page 10-52 and Tire Pressure on page 10-61. There is also important loading information on the vehicle Certification/Tire label. It tells you the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) for
the front and rear axles. See “Certification/Tire Label” later in this section.
“Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit– 1. Locate the statement "The
combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs." on your vehicle’s placard.
2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.
3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kg or XXX lbs.
4. The resulting figure equals
the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. For example, if the "XXX" amount equals 1400 lbs. and
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (17,1)
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9-17
there will be five 150 lb passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1400-750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs.)
5. Determine the combined
6.
weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.”
See Trailer Towing on page 9-78
for important information on
towing a trailer, towing safety
rules, and trailering tips.
Example 1
Example 2
1. Vehicle Capacity Weight for
Example 1 = (453 kg) (1,000 lb)
2. Subtract Occupant Weight @
68 kg (150 lb) × 2 = 136 kg (300 lb)
1. Vehicle Capacity Weight for
Example 2 = 453 kg (1,000 lb) 2. Subtract Occupant Weight @
68 kg (150 lb) × 5 = 340 kg (750 lb)
3. Available Occupant and Cargo
3. Available Cargo Weight = 113 kg
Weight = 317 kg (700 lb)
(250 lb)
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Driving and Operating
of the driver, passengers, and cargo should never exceed the vehicle's capacity weight.
Certification/Tire Label
Example 3
1. Vehicle Capacity Weight for
Example 3 = 453 kg (1,000 lb) 2. Subtract Occupant Weight @
91 kg (200 lb) × 5 = 453 kg (1,000 lb)
3. Available Cargo Weight =
0 kg (0 lb)
Refer to the Tire and Loading Information label for specific information about the vehicle's capacity weight and seating positions. The combined weight
A vehicle-specific Certification/ Tire label is label is attached to the center pillar (B-pillar). The label shows the size of the vehicle's original tires and the inflation pressures needed to obtain the gross weight capacity of the vehicle. This is called Gross Vehicle Weight
Rating (GVWR). The GVWR includes the weight of the vehicle, all occupants, fuel, and cargo. The Certification/Tire label also tells you the maximum weights for the front and rear axles, called Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). To find out the actual loads on the front and rear axles, you need to go to a weigh station and weigh the vehicle. Your dealer can help you with this. Be sure to spread out the load equally on both sides of the centerline. Never exceed the GVWR for the vehicle, or the GAWR for either the front or rear axle. The Certification/Tire label also contains important information about the Front Axle Reserve Capacity. See Adding a Snow Plow or Similar Equipment on page 9-99.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Black plate (19,1)
{ Warning
In the case of a sudden stop or collision, things carried in the bed of your truck could shift forward and come into the passenger area, injuring you and others. If you put things in the bed of your truck, you should make sure they are properly secured.
{ Warning
Do not load the vehicle any heavier than the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), or either the maximum front or rear Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). This can cause systems to break and change the way the vehicle handles. This could
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
cause loss of control and a crash. Overloading can also shorten the life of the vehicle.
{ Caution
Overloading the vehicle may cause damage. Repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Do not overload the vehicle.
Using heavier suspension components to get added durability might not change the weight ratings. Ask your dealer to help load the vehicle the right way. If you put things inside the vehicle — like suitcases, tools, packages, or anything else — they go as fast as the
Driving and Operating
9-19
vehicle goes. If you have to stop or turn quickly, or if there is a crash, they will keep going.
{ Warning
Things you put inside the vehicle can strike and injure people in a sudden stop or turn, or in a crash.
. Put things in the cargo
area of the vehicle. Try to spread the weight evenly.
. Never stack heavier
things, like suitcases, inside the vehicle so that some of them are above the tops of the seats.
. Do not leave an
unsecured child restraint in the vehicle.
(Continued)
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Black plate (20,1)
9-20
Driving and Operating
Warning (Continued)
. When you carry something
inside the vehicle, secure it whenever you can.
. Do not leave a seat folded down unless you need to.
There is also important loading information for off-road driving in this manual. See “Loading the Vehicle for Off-Road Driving“ under Off-Road Driving on page 9-6.
Two-Tiered Loading Depending on the model of the pickup, an upper load platform can be created by positioning three or four 5 cm (2 in) by 15 cm (6 in) wooden planks across the width of the pickup box. The planks must be inserted in the pickup box depressions.
When using this upper load platform, be sure the load is securely tied down to prevent it from shifting. The load's center of gravity should be positioned in a zone over the rear axle. The zone is located in the area between the front of each wheel well and the rear of each wheel well. The center of gravity height must not extend above the top of the pickup box flareboard. Any load that extends beyond the vehicle's taillamp area must be properly marked according to local laws and regulations. Remember not to exceed the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) of the front or rear axle.
Add-On Equipment When carrying removable items, a limit on how many people carried inside the vehicle may
be necessary. Be sure to weigh the vehicle before buying and installing the new equipment.
{ Caution
Overloading the vehicle may cause damage. Repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Do not overload the vehicle.
Remember not to exceed the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) of the front or rear axle.
* Equipment Ladder Rack and Cargo Cross Toolbox and Cargo
Maximum Weight 340 kg (750 lb)
181 kg (400 lb)
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Black plate (21,1)
* Equipment Side Boxes and Cargo
Maximum Weight 113 kg per side (250 lb per side)
* The combined weight for all rail-mounted equipment should not exceed 454 kg (1,000 lb).
Loading Points
1. Primary Load Points 2. Secondary Load Areas
Driving and Operating
9-21
3. GM Approved Accessory
Mounting Points
Structural members (1) and (2) are included in the pickup box design. Additional accessories should use these load points. Depending on the accessory design, use a spacer under the accessory at the load points to remove gap. The holes for GM approved accessories (3) are not intended for aftermarket equipment. See www.gmupfitter.com for additional pickup box load bearing structural information.
Truck-Camper Loading Information A vehicle-specific Truck-Camper Loading Information label is attached to the inside of the vehicle's glove box. This label indicates if a slide-in camper can be carried, how much of a load the vehicle can carry, and how to correctly spread out the
load. It will help to match the right slide-in camper to the vehicle. Your dealer can help make a good vehicle-camper match and help determine the Cargo Weight Rating (CWR). When installing and loading a slide-in camper, check the manufacturer's instructions. When carrying a slide-in camper, the total cargo load of the vehicle is the weight of the camper plus: . Everything added to the
camper after it left the factory.
. Everything in the camper. . All the people inside. The CWR is the maximum weight of the load the vehicle can carry. It does not include the
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Driving and Operating
is concentrated and, if suspended at that point, would balance the front and rear. Here is an example of proper truck and camper match:
weight of the people inside. But, use about 68 kg (150 lb) for each seat. The total cargo load must not be more than the vehicle's CWR. Refer to the Truck-Camper Loading Information label in the glove box for dimensions 1 and 2 as shown in the following illustration.
Use the rear edge of the load floor for measurement purposes. The recommended location for the cargo center of gravity is at point 3 for the CWR. It is the point where the mass of a body
1. Camper Center of Gravity 2. Recommended Center of
Gravity Location Zone
When the truck is used to carry a slide-in camper, the total cargo load of the truck consists of the manufacturer's camper weight figure, the weight of installed
additional camper equipment not included in the manufacturer's camper weight figure, the weight of camper cargo, and the weight of passengers in the camper. The total cargo load should not exceed the truck's cargo weight rating, and the camper's center of gravity (1) should fall within the truck's recommended center of gravity zone (2) when installed. Any accessories or other equipment that are added to the vehicle must be weighed. Then, subtract this extra weight from the CWR. This extra weight may shorten the center of gravity zone of the vehicle. If the slide-in camper and its load weighs less than the CWR, the center of gravity zone for the vehicle may be larger.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Black plate (23,1)
Secure loose items to prevent weight shifts that could affect the balance of the vehicle. When the truck-camper is loaded, drive to a scale and weigh on the front and on the rear wheels separately to determine axle loads. Individual axle loads should not exceed either of the gross axle weight ratings (GAWR). The total axle loads should not exceed the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). These ratings are given on the Certification/Tire label attached to the B-pillar.
See “Certification/Tire Label” under Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-15. If weight ratings are exceeded, move or remove items to bring all weights below the ratings. See your dealer for more information on curb weights, cargo weights, Cargo Weight Rating, and the correct center of gravity zone.
Driving and Operating
9-23
Starting and Operating
New Vehicle Break-In
{ Caution
The vehicle does not need an elaborate break-in. But it will perform better in the long run if you follow these guidelines:
. Keep the vehicle speed at
88 km/h (55 mph) or less for the first 805 km (500 mi). . Do not drive at any one
constant speed, fast or slow, for the first 805 km (500 mi). Do not make full-throttle starts. Avoid downshifting to brake or slow the vehicle.
. Avoid making hard stops for
the first 322 km (200 mi) or so. During this time the new brake linings are not yet
(Continued)
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9-24
Driving and Operating
Caution (Continued)
broken in. Hard stops with new linings can mean premature wear and earlier replacement. Follow this breaking-in guideline every time you get new brake linings.
. Do not tow a trailer during
break-in. See Trailer Towing on page 9-78 for the trailer towing capabilities of the vehicle and more information. Following break-in, engine speed and load can be gradually increased.
Adjustable Throttle and Brake Pedal If equipped, the position of the throttle and brake pedals can be changed.
No adjustment to the pedals can be made when the vehicle is in R (Reverse) or while using cruise control.
Before you start driving, fully press the brake pedal to confirm the adjustment is right for you. While driving, make only small adjustments. The vehicle may have a memory function, which lets pedal settings be saved and recalled. See Memory Seats on page 3-6.
Ignition Positions
The switch used to adjust the pedals is on the center stack, below the climate controls. Lift the switch up to move the pedals closer to your body. Press the switch down to move the pedals away.
The ignition switch has four different positions.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (25,1)
To shift out of P (Park), the ignition must be in ON/RUN or ACC/ ACCESSORY and the regular brake pedal must be applied. 1 (STOPPING THE ENGINE/LOCK/ OFF): When the vehicle is stopped, turn the ignition switch to LOCK/ OFF to turn the engine off. Retained Accessory Power (RAP) will remain active. See Retained Accessory Power (RAP) on page 9-29. This position locks the ignition and steering wheel. It also locks the transmission on automatic transmission vehicles. The key can be removed in LOCK/OFF. The steering can bind with the wheels turned off center. If this happens, move the steering wheel from right to left while turning the key to ACC/ACCESSORY. If this does not work, then the vehicle needs service.
Driving and Operating
9-25
Do not turn the engine off when the vehicle is moving. This will cause a loss of power assist in the brake and steering systems and disable the airbags. If the vehicle must be shut off in an emergency: 1. Brake using a firm and steady
pressure. Do not pump the brakes repeatedly. This may deplete power assist, requiring increased brake pedal force.
2. Shift the vehicle to neutral. This can be done while the vehicle is moving. After shifting to neutral, continue to firmly apply the brakes and steer the vehicle to a safe location.
3. Come to a complete stop. Shift
to P (Park) with an automatic transmission, or Neutral with a manual transmission. Turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF.
4. Set the parking brake. See
Parking Brake on page 9-54.
{ Warning
Turning off the vehicle while moving may cause loss of power assist in the brake and steering systems and disable the airbags. While driving, only shut the vehicle off in an emergency.
If the vehicle cannot be pulled over, and must be shut off while driving, turn the ignition to ACC/ ACCESSORY. On vehicles with an automatic transmission, the shift lever must be in P (Park) to turn the ignition switch to LOCK/OFF.
{ Caution
Using a tool to force the key to turn in the ignition could cause damage to the switch or break the key. Use the correct key, make sure it is all the way in, and turn it (Continued)
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Black plate (26,1)
9-26
Driving and Operating
Caution (Continued)
only with your hand. If the key cannot be turned by hand, see your dealer.
2 (ACC/ACCESSORY): This position lets things like the radio and the windshield wipers operate while the engine is off. It also unlocks the steering wheel. Use this position if the vehicle must be pushed or towed. 3 (ON/RUN): This position can be used to operate the electrical accessories and to display some instrument cluster warning and indicator lights. This position can also be used for service and diagnostics, and to verify the proper operation of the malfunction indicator lamp as may be required for emission inspection purposes. The switch stays in this position when the engine is running. The
transmission is also unlocked in this position on automatic transmission vehicles. If the key is left in the ACC/ ACCESSORY or ON/RUN position with the engine off, the battery could be drained. The vehicle may not start if the battery is allowed to drain for an extended period of time. 4 (START): This is the position that starts the engine. When the engine starts, release the key. The ignition switch returns to ON/RUN for driving. A warning tone will sound when the driver door is opened, the ignition is in ACC/ACCESSORY or LOCK/ OFF, and the key is in the ignition.
Starting the Engine If the vehicle has a diesel engine, see the Duramax diesel supplement.
{ Caution
If you add electrical parts or accessories, you could change the way the engine operates. Any resulting damage would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. See Add-On Electrical Equipment on page 9-99.
Place the transmission in the proper gear. Automatic Transmission Move the shift lever to P (Park) or N (Neutral). The engine will not start in any other position. To restart the engine when the vehicle is already moving, use N (Neutral) only.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (27,1)
Driving and Operating
9-27
{ Caution
Starting Procedure 1. With your foot off the accelerator
Do not try to shift to P (Park) if the vehicle is moving. If you do, you could damage the transmission. Shift to P (Park) only when the vehicle is stopped.
Manual Transmission The shift lever should be in Neutral and the parking brake engaged. Hold the clutch pedal down to the floor and start the engine. The vehicle will not start if the clutch pedal is not all the way down.
pedal, turn the ignition key to START. When the engine starts, let go of the key. The idle speed will go down as the engine gets warm. Do not race the engine immediately after starting it. Operate the engine and transmission gently to allow the oil to warm up and lubricate all moving parts. The vehicle has a Computer-Controlled Cranking System. This feature assists in starting the engine and protects components. If the ignition key is turned to the START position, and then released when the engine begins cranking, the engine will continue cranking for a few seconds or until the vehicle starts. If the engine does not start and the key is held in START for many seconds, cranking will be stopped after 15 seconds to prevent cranking motor damage. To prevent gear
damage, this system also prevents cranking if the engine is already running. Engine cranking can be stopped by turning the ignition switch to the ACC/ACCESSORY or LOCK/ OFF position. When the low fuel warning light is on and the FUEL LEVEL LOW message is displayed in the Driver Information Center (DIC), the Computer-Controlled Cranking System is disabled to prevent possible vehicle component damage. When this happens, hold the ignition switch in the START position to continue engine cranking.
{ Caution
Cranking the engine for long periods of time, by returning the ignition to the START position immediately after cranking has ended, can overheat and damage (Continued)
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Black plate (28,1)
9-28
Driving and Operating
Caution (Continued)
the cranking motor, and drain the battery. Wait at least 15 seconds between each try, to let the cranking motor cool down.
2.
If the engine does not start after five to 10 seconds, especially in very cold weather (below −18° C or 0°F), it could be flooded with too much gasoline. Try pushing the accelerator pedal all the way to the floor and holding it there while holding the key in START for up to 15 seconds. Wait at least 15 seconds between each try, to allow the cranking motor to cool down. When the engine starts, let go of the key and accelerator. If the vehicle starts briefly but then stops again, do the same thing. This clears the extra gasoline from the engine. Do not race the engine immediately after starting it. Operate the engine and
transmission gently until the oil warms up and lubricates all moving parts.
Fast Idle System If equipped, this feature is available only with cruise control. The manual fast idle switch is operated using the cruise control buttons on the left side of the steering wheel. This system can be used to increase engine idle speed whenever the following conditions are met:
The parking brake is set. The brake pedal is not pressed. The vehicle must not be moving and the accelerator must not be pressed.
To control the fast idle:
To enable the Fast Idle System, press and release the cruise control on/off button and ensure that the switch indicator light is lit.
. Press and release the cruise control SET- button. Engine speed will be held at approximately 1200 rpm.
One of the following actions will turn off the fast idle: . Pressing the brake. . Selecting the cruise control
cancel button.
. Releasing the parking brake. . Moving the transmission shift
lever out of P (Park) or N (Neutral).
. Selecting the cruise control on/
off button when it was previously on.
. Pressing the cruise control SET-
button a second time.
. Pressing the accelerator more
than one-quarter of the way down. Turning the ignition switch to the LOCK/OFF position.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Driving and Operating
9-29
Retained Accessory Power (RAP) The following vehicle accessories can be used for up to 10 minutes after the engine is turned off: . Audio System . Power Windows . OnStar System (if equipped) . Sunroof (if equipped) These features work when the key is in ON/RUN or ACC/ ACCESSORY. Once the key is turned from ON/RUN to LOCK/OFF, the windows and sunroof continue to work up to 10 minutes or until any door is opened. The radio continues to work for up to 10 minutes or until the driver door is opened.
Accessory Power Outlets (APOs) The vehicle may have APOs in several locations. See Power Outlets on page 5-6.
The APOs in the console or center seat position are powered by RAP. They will continue to work for up to 10 minutes after the key is turned from ON/RUN to LOCK/OFF, or until the driver door is opened. The APOs on the center stack come from the factory powered directly from the vehicle battery, and supply accessory power at all times, regardless of ignition key position. If electronic items are left plugged into these APOs for long periods of time with the vehicle off, the vehicle battery could be drained. The vehicle may not start if the battery is allowed to drain for an extended period of time.
Engine Coolant Heater The engine heater can provide easier starting and better fuel economy during engine warm-up in cold weather conditions at or below −18°C (0°F). Vehicles with an engine heater should be plugged in at least four hours before starting.
An internal thermostat in the plug-end of the cord may exist, which will prevent engine coolant heater operation at temperatures above −18°C (0°F). If the vehicle has a diesel engine, see the Duramax diesel supplement. To Use the Engine Coolant Heater 1. Turn off the engine. 2. Open the hood and unwrap the
electrical cord. The cord is secured to the driver side fender with a clip, next to the engine compartment fuse block. Carefully remove the wire tie that bundles the electrical plug. Do not cut the electrical cord.
3. Plug the cord into a normal, grounded 110-volt AC outlet.
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Black plate (30,1)
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Driving and Operating
{ Warning Plugging the cord into an ungrounded outlet could cause an electrical shock. Also, the wrong kind of extension cord could overheat and cause a fire. You could be seriously injured. Plug the cord into a properly grounded three-prong 110-volt AC outlet. If the cord will not reach, use a heavy-duty three-prong extension cord rated for at least 15 amps.
4. Before starting the engine, be
sure to unplug and store the cord as it was before to keep it away from moving engine parts. If you do not, it could be damaged.
The length of time the heater should remain plugged in depends on several factors. Ask a dealer in the area where you will be parking the vehicle for the best advice on this.
Shifting Into Park { Warning
It can be dangerous to get out of the vehicle if the shift lever is not fully in P (Park) with the parking brake firmly set. The vehicle can roll. If you have left the engine running, the vehicle can move suddenly. You or others could be injured. To be sure the vehicle will not move, even when you are on fairly level ground, use the steps that follow. With four-wheel drive, if the transfer case is in N (Neutral), the vehicle will be free to roll, even if the shift lever is in P (Park). Be sure the transfer case is in a drive gear. If towing a trailer, see Driving Characteristics and Towing Tips on page 9-75.
1. Hold the brake pedal down, then
set the parking brake. See Parking Brake on page 9-54.
2. Move the shift lever into the
P (Park) position by pulling the shift lever toward you and moving it up as far as it will go.
3. Be sure the transfer case (if
equipped) is in a drive gear — not in N (Neutral).
4. Turn the ignition key to
LOCK/OFF.
5. Remove the key and take it with you. If you can leave the vehicle with the ignition key in your hand, the vehicle is in P (Park).
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Black plate (31,1)
Driving and Operating
9-31
Leaving the Vehicle with the Engine Running
{ Warning
It can be dangerous to leave the vehicle with the engine running. The vehicle could move suddenly if the shift lever is not fully in P (Park) with the parking brake firmly set. If you have four-wheel drive and the transfer case is in N (Neutral), the vehicle will be free to roll, even if the shift lever is in P (Park). So be sure the transfer case is in a drive gear — not in N (Neutral). And, if you leave the vehicle with the engine running, it could overheat and even catch fire. You or others could be injured. Do not leave the vehicle with the engine running unless you have to.
If you have to leave the vehicle with the engine running, be sure the vehicle is in P (Park) and the parking brake is firmly set before you leave it. After you move the shift lever into P (Park), hold the regular brake pedal down. Then, see if you can move the shift lever away from P (Park) without first pulling it toward you. If you can, it means that the shift lever was not fully locked into P (Park). Torque Lock If you are parking on a hill and you do not shift the transmission into P (Park) properly, the weight of the vehicle may put too much force on the parking pawl in the transmission. You may find it difficult to pull the shift lever out of P (Park). This is called torque lock. To prevent torque lock, set the parking brake and then shift into P (Park) properly before you leave the driver seat. To find out how, see Shifting Into Park on page 9-30.
When you are ready to drive, move the shift lever out of P (Park) before you release the parking brake. If torque lock does occur, you may need to have another vehicle push yours a little uphill to take some of the pressure from the parking pawl in the transmission. You will then be able to pull the shift lever out of P (Park).
Shifting out of Park This vehicle is equipped with an electronic shift lock release system. The shift lock release is designed to: . Prevent ignition key removal
unless the shift lever is in P (Park).
. Prevent movement of the shift
lever out of P (Park), unless the ignition is in ON/RUN and the regular brake pedal is applied.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (32,1)
9-32
Driving and Operating
The shift lock release is always functional except in the case of an uncharged or low voltage (less than 9 volt) battery. If the vehicle has an uncharged battery or a battery with low voltage, try charging or jump starting the battery. See Jump Starting on page 10-89. To shift out of P (Park): 1. Apply the brake pedal. 2. Move the shift lever to the
desired position.
If you still are unable to shift out of P (Park): 1. Ease the pressure on the shift
lever.
2. While holding down the brake pedal, press the shift lever all the way into P (Park).
3. Move the shift lever to the
desired position.
If you are still having a problem shifting, then have the vehicle serviced soon.
Parking (Manual Transmission) If the vehicle has a manual transmission, before you get out of the vehicle, move the shift lever into R (Reverse), and firmly apply the parking brake. Once the shift lever has been placed into R (Reverse) with the clutch pedal pressed in, turn the ignition key to LOCK/OFF, remove the key and release the clutch. If you are parking on a hill, or if the vehicle is pulling a trailer, see Driving Characteristics and Towing Tips on page 9-75.
Parking over Things That Burn
{ Warning
Things that can burn could touch hot exhaust parts under the vehicle and ignite. Do not park over papers, leaves, dry grass, or other things that can burn.
Active Fuel Management® Vehicles with a V8 or V6 gasoline engine may have Active Fuel Management. This system allows the engine to operate on either all of its cylinders, or in V4 mode, depending on the driving conditions. When less power is required, such as cruising at a constant vehicle speed, the system will operate in the V4 mode, allowing the vehicle to achieve better fuel economy. When greater power demands are required, such as accelerating from
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (33,1)
a stop, passing, or merging onto a freeway, the system will maintain full-cylinder operation. If the vehicle has an Active Fuel Management indicator, see Driver Information Center (DIC) (Base Level) on page 5-29 or Driver Information Center (DIC) (Uplevel) on page 5-31 for more information on using this display.
Driving and Operating
9-33
Engine Exhaust { Warning
Engine exhaust contains carbon monoxide (CO) which cannot be seen or smelled. Exposure to CO can cause unconsciousness and even death. Exhaust may enter the vehicle if:
. The vehicle idles in areas
with poor ventilation (parking garages, tunnels, deep snow that may block underbody airflow or tail pipes).
. The exhaust smells or
sounds strange or different.
. The exhaust system leaks
due to corrosion or damage. . The vehicle exhaust system
has been modified, damaged, or improperly repaired.
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
. There are holes or openings
in the vehicle body from damage or aftermarket modifications that are not completely sealed.
If unusual fumes are detected or if it is suspected that exhaust is coming into the vehicle:
. Drive it only with the windows
completely down.
. Have the vehicle repaired
immediately.
Never park the vehicle with the engine running in an enclosed area such as a garage or a building that has no fresh air ventilation.
Running the Vehicle While Parked It is better not to park with the engine running.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (34,1)
9-34
Driving and Operating
If the vehicle is left with the engine
running, follow the proper steps to
be sure the vehicle will not move.
See Shifting Into Park on page 9-30
and Engine Exhaust on page 9-33.
If the vehicle has a manual
transmission, see Parking (Manual
Transmission) on page 9-32.
If parking on a hill and pulling a
trailer, see Driving Characteristics
and Towing Tips on page 9-75.
Automatic Transmission If equipped, there is an electronic shift lever position indicator within the instrument cluster. This display comes on when the ignition key is turned to the ON/RUN position. There are several different positions for the shift lever.
Heavy-Duty 6-Speed Automatic Transmission Shown, Light-Duty
6-Speed Similar
See “Range Selection Mode” under Manual Mode on page 9-37. P (Park): This position locks the rear wheels. It is the best position to use when starting the engine because the vehicle cannot move easily. When parked on a hill,
especially when the vehicle has a heavy load, you might notice an increase in the effort to shift out of P (Park). See “Torque Lock” under Shifting Into Park on page 9-30.
{ Warning
It is dangerous to get out of the vehicle if the shift lever is not fully in P (Park) with the parking brake firmly set. The vehicle can roll. Do not leave the vehicle when the engine is running. If you have left the engine running, the vehicle can move suddenly. You or others could be injured. To be sure the vehicle will not move, even when you are on fairly level ground, always set the parking brake and move the shift lever to P (Park). See Shifting Into Park on page 9-30 and Driving Characteristics and Towing Tips on page 9-75.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (35,1)
Driving and Operating
9-35
{ Warning
If you have four-wheel drive, the vehicle will be free to roll — even if the shift lever is in P (Park) — if the transfer case is in N (Neutral). So, be sure the transfer case is in a drive gear, Two-Wheel Drive High or Four-Wheel Drive High or Four-Wheel Drive Low — not in N (Neutral). See Shifting Into Park on page 9-30.
R (Reverse): Use this gear to back up.
{ Caution
Shifting to R (Reverse) while the vehicle is moving forward could damage the transmission. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Shift to R (Reverse) only after the vehicle is stopped.
To rock the vehicle back and forth to get out of snow, ice, or sand without damaging the transmission, see If the Vehicle Is Stuck on page 9-14. N (Neutral): In this position, the engine does not connect with the wheels. To restart when you are already moving, use N (Neutral) only. Also, use N (Neutral) when the vehicle is being towed.
{ Warning
Shifting into a drive gear while the engine is running at high speed is dangerous. Unless your foot is firmly on the brake pedal, the vehicle could move very rapidly. You could lose control and hit people or objects. Do not shift into a drive gear while the engine is running at high speed.
{ Caution Shifting out of P (Park) or N (Neutral) with the engine running at high speed may damage the transmission. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Be sure the engine is not running at high speed when shifting the vehicle.
D (Drive): This position is for normal driving. It provides the best fuel economy. If you need more power for passing, and you are: . Going less than about 55 km/h (35 mph), push the accelerator pedal about halfway down.
. Going about 55 km/h (35 mph) or
more, push the accelerator all the way down. By doing this, the vehicle shifts down to the next gear and has more power.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (36,1)
9-36
Driving and Operating
Use D (Drive) and Tow/Haul Mode when towing a trailer, carrying a heavy load, driving on steep hills, or driving off-road. Shift the transmission to a lower gear selection if the transmission shifts too often. Downshifting the transmission in slippery road conditions could result in skidding. See “Skidding” under Loss of Control on page 9-5. The vehicle has a shift stabilization feature that adjusts the transmission shifting to the current driving conditions in order to reduce rapid upshifts and downshifts. This shift stabilization feature is designed to determine, before making an upshift, if the engine is able to maintain vehicle speed by analyzing things such as vehicle speed, throttle position, and vehicle load. If the shift stabilization feature determines that a current vehicle speed cannot be maintained, the transmission does not upshift and instead holds the current gear.
In some cases, this could appear to be a delayed shift, however the transmission is operating normally. The transmission uses adaptive shift controls. The adaptive shift control process continually compares key shift parameters to pre-programmed ideal shifts stored in the transmission’s computer. The transmission constantly makes adjustments to improve vehicle performance according to how the vehicle is being used, such as with a heavy load or when the temperature changes. During this adaptive shift control process, shifting might feel different as the transmission determines the best settings. When temperatures are very cold, the transmission's gear shifting could be delayed providing more stable shifts until the engine warms up. Shifts could be more noticeable with a cold transmission. This difference in shifting is normal.
M (Manual Mode): This position allows selection of a range of gears appropriate for current driving conditions. If equipped, see “Range Selection Mode” under Manual Mode on page 9-37.
{ Caution
Spinning the tires or holding the vehicle in one place on a hill using only the accelerator pedal may damage the transmission. The repair will not be covered by the vehicle warranty. If you are stuck, do not spin the tires. When stopping on a hill, use the brakes to hold the vehicle in place.
Normal Mode Grade Braking If equipped with a gasoline engine and an automatic transmission, Normal Mode Grade Braking is enabled when the vehicle is started, but is not enabled in Range Selection Mode. It assists in maintaining desired vehicle speeds
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Black plate (37,1)
when driving on downhill grades by
using the engine and transmission
to slow the vehicle. The first time
the system engages for each
ignition key cycle, a DIC message
will be displayed. See Transmission
Messages on page 5-41.
To disable or enable Normal Mode
Grade Braking within the current
ignition key cycle, press and hold
the Tow/Haul button for
five seconds. When the button is
released, the requested mode
change is made. A DIC message
displays. See Transmission
Messages on page 5-41.
For other forms of grade braking,
see Tow/Haul Mode on page 9-38
and Cruise Control on page 9-59.
Manual Mode
Range Selection Mode
If equipped, Range Selection Mode helps control the vehicle's transmission and vehicle speed while driving downhill or towing a trailer by letting you select a desired range of gears. To use this feature: 1. Move the shift lever to
M (Manual Mode).
2. Press the plus/minus buttons on
the shift lever to select the desired range of gears for current driving conditions.
Driving and Operating
9-37
When the shift lever is moved from D (Drive) to M (Manual Mode), a number displays next to the M, indicating the current transmission range. This number is the highest gear that the transmission will command while operating in M (Manual Mode). All gears below that number are available. As driving conditions change, the transmission can automatically shift to lower gears. For example, when M5 is selected, 1 (First) through 5 (Fifth) gears are automatically shifted by the transmission, but 6 (Sixth) cannot be used until the plus/minus button on the shift lever is used to change to the range. In vehicles with gasoline engines, when the shift lever is moved from D (Drive) to M (Manual Mode), a downshift may occur. The gear that the transmission is operating in when the shift lever is moved from D (Drive) to M (Manual Mode) determines if a downshift occurs. See the following chart.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (38,1)
9-38
Driving and Operating
Gear before shifting from D (Drive) to M (Manual Mode) Range after shifting from D (Drive) to M (Manual Mode)
6th
5th
4th
3rd
2nd
1st
M4
M4
M3
M2
M2
M1
Tow/Haul Mode
Grade Braking is not available when Range Selection Mode is active. See Tow/Haul Mode on page 9-38. While using Range Selection Mode, cruise control and the Tow/Haul Mode can be used. If the vehicle has an exhaust brake, it can also be used, but will not automatically downshift the transmission. See “Exhaust Brake” in the Duramax diesel supplement.
{ Caution
Spinning the tires or holding the vehicle in one place on a hill using only the accelerator pedal may damage the transmission. The repair will not be covered by
(Continued)
Caution (Continued)
the vehicle warranty. If you are stuck, do not spin the tires. When stopping on a hill, use the brakes to hold the vehicle in place.
Low Traction Mode Low Traction Mode assists in vehicle acceleration when road conditions are slippery, such as with ice or snow. While the vehicle is at a stop, select M2 using Range Selection Mode. This will limit torque to the wheels and help to prevent the tires from spinning.
Vehicles with an automatic transmission have a Tow/Haul Mode. The Tow/Haul Mode adjusts the transmission shift pattern to reduce shift cycling, providing increased performance, vehicle control, and enhanced transmission and engine cooling when driving down steep hills or mountain grades, towing, or hauling heavy loads. The selector button is on the end of the shift lever. Turn the Tow/Haul Mode on and off by pressing the button. When the Tow/Haul Mode is enabled, a light on the instrument cluster will come on.
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5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
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change is made. A DIC message is displayed. See Transmission Messages on page 5-41. On vehicles with a diesel engine, Tow/Haul Mode Grade Braking can be enabled or disabled by pressing the Tow/Haul Mode button. Use the exhaust brake and Tow/Haul Mode for maximum grade braking. See Towing Equipment on page 9-89. For other forms of grade braking, see Automatic Transmission on page 9-34 and Cruise Control on page 9-59.
See Tow/Haul Mode Light on page 5-25 and Hill and Mountain Roads on page 9-12. Also see “Tow/Haul Mode” under Towing Equipment on page 9-89. Tow/Haul Mode Grade Braking Tow/Haul Mode Grade Braking is only enabled while the Tow/Haul Mode is selected and the vehicle is not in the Range Selection Mode. See “Tow/Haul Mode” listed previously and Manual Mode on page 9-37. Tow/Haul Mode Grade Braking assists in maintaining desired vehicle speeds when driving on downhill grades by using the engine and transmission to slow the vehicle. On vehicles with a gasoline engine, to disable or enable Tow/Haul Grade Braking within the current ignition key cycle, press and hold the Tow/Haul button for five seconds. When the button is released, the requested mode
Driving and Operating
9-39
Manual Transmission
If equipped with a manual transmission, this is the shift pattern. To operate the manual transmission: 1 (First): Press the clutch pedal and shift into 1 (First). Then, slowly let up on the clutch pedal as you slowly press down on the accelerator pedal. You can shift into 1 (First) when you are going less than 30 km/h (20 mph). If you have come to a
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Black plate (40,1)
Shift Speeds
{ Warning If you skip a gear when downshifting, you could lose control of the vehicle. You could injure yourself or others. Do not shift down more than one gear at a time when downshifting.
9-40
Driving and Operating
complete stop and it is hard to shift into 1 (First), put the shift lever in Neutral and let up on the clutch. Then press the clutch pedal back down and shift into 1 (First). 2 (Second): Press the clutch pedal as you let up on the accelerator pedal and shift into 2 (Second). Then, slowly let up on the clutch pedal as you press the accelerator pedal. 3 (Third), 4 (Fourth), and 5 (Fifth): Shift into 3 (Third), 4 (Fourth), and 5 (Fifth) the same way you do for 2 (Second). Slowly let up on the clutch pedal as you press the accelerator pedal. To stop, let up on the accelerator pedal and press the brake pedal. Just before the vehicle stops, press the clutch pedal and the brake pedal, and shift to Neutral. Neutral: Use this position when you start or idle the engine.
R (Reverse): To back up, press the clutch pedal. After the vehicle stops, shift into R (Reverse). Slowly let up on the clutch pedal as you press the accelerator pedal. If it is hard to shift, let the shift lever return to Neutral and release the clutch pedal. Then press the clutch again and shift into R (Reverse). Do not attempt to shift into 5 (Fifth) prior to shifting into R (Reverse). The transmission has a lock out feature, which prevents a 5 (Fifth) gear to R (Reverse) gear shift.
{ Caution
Shifting to R (Reverse) while the vehicle is moving forward could damage the transmission. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Shift to R (Reverse) only after the vehicle is stopped.
Use R (Reverse), along with the parking brake, for parking the vehicle.
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Black plate (41,1)
Driving and Operating
9-41
Manual Transfer Case
Use this lever to shift into and out of four-wheel drive.
While driving on clean, dry pavement and during tight turns, you may experience vibration in the steering system. Shifting into Four-Wheel Drive Low will turn Traction Control and StabiliTrak® off. See Traction Control/Electronic Stability Control on page 9-56. Front Axle The front axle engages and disengages automatically when you shift the transfer case. Some delay for the axle to engage or disengage is normal.
Drive Systems
Four-Wheel Drive If equipped, you can send the engine's driving power to all four wheels for extra traction. To get the most satisfaction out of four-wheel drive, you must be familiar with its operation. Read the following before using four-wheel drive. See the appropriate text for the transfer case in the vehicle.
{ Caution
Driving on clean, dry pavement in Four-Wheel Drive High or Four-Wheel Drive Low for an extended period of time may cause premature wear on the vehicle's powertrain. Do not drive on clean, dry pavement in Four-Wheel Drive High or Four-Wheel Drive Low for extended periods of time.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/29/13
Black plate (42,1)
9-42
Driving and Operating
A four-wheel drive indicator light comes on when you shift into four-wheel drive and the front axle engages. See Four-Wheel-Drive Light on page 5-25. Some delay between shifting and when the indicator light comes on is normal.
{ Caution
Driving on clean, dry pavement in four-wheel drive for an extended period of time can cause premature wear on the vehicle's powertrain. Do not drive on clean, dry pavement in four-wheel drive for extended periods of time.
4 n (Four-Wheel Drive Low): This setting also engages the front axle and delivers extra torque. You may never need Four-Wheel Drive Low. It sends maximum power to all four wheels. You might choose Four-Wheel Drive Low if you are driving off-road in deep sand, deep mud, or deep snow, and while climbing or descending steep hills. Shifting into Four-Wheel Drive Low will turn Traction Control and StabiliTrak off. See Traction Control/ Electronic Stability Control on page 9-56.
A parking brake symbol is next to the N (Neutral) symbol as a reminder to set the parking brake before shifting the transfer case into N (Neutral).
{ Warning
Shifting the transfer case to N (Neutral) can cause the vehicle to roll even if the transmission is in P (Park). You or someone else could be seriously injured. Be sure to set the parking brake before placing the transfer case in N (Neutral). See Parking Brake on page 9-54.
N (Neutral): Shift to this setting only when the vehicle needs to be towed. See Recreational Vehicle Towing on page 10-94 or Towing the Vehicle on page 10-94. 2 m (Two-Wheel Drive High): This setting is used for driving in most street and highway situations. The front axle is not engaged in two-wheel drive. This setting also provides the best fuel economy. 4 m (Four-Wheel Drive High): Use this setting when you need extra traction, such as on snowy or icy
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (43,1)
roads or in most off-road situations. This setting also engages the front axle to help drive your vehicle. This is the best setting to use when plowing snow. You can shift from Two-Wheel Drive High to Four-Wheel Drive High or Four-Wheel Drive High to Two-Wheel Drive High while the vehicle is moving. In extremely cold weather, it may be necessary to stop or slow the vehicle to shift into Four-Wheel Drive High.
When Using the Manual Transfer Case . Shifts into or out of Four-Wheel Drive Low or N (Neutral) should be made using quick motions to avoid excessive gear grinding. Shifting slowly may make it more difficult to shift.
. You may notice that it is harder to shift when the vehicle is cold. After the vehicle warms up, the shifting will return to normal.
Driving and Operating
9-43
. While in Four-Wheel Drive High
. Shift the transfer case shift lever
in one continuous motion into either the Four-Wheel Drive High or Two-Wheel Drive High position.
. Shifting from Two-Wheel Drive High to Four-Wheel Drive High while the vehicle is in motion may require that moderate force be applied to the shift lever for a few seconds before Four-Wheel Drive High can be engaged, especially in cold weather. In extremely cold weather, it may be necessary to slow or stop the vehicle to shift into Four-Wheel Drive High.
. While in Four-Wheel Drive High, the vehicle can be driven at any posted legal speed limit.
or Four-Wheel Drive Low you may experience reduced fuel economy.
. Avoid driving in four-wheel drive on clean, dry pavement. It may cause your tires to wear faster, make the transfer case harder to shift, and run noisier. If the transfer case shift lever is in the N (Neutral) position and you have difficulty reaching the selected transfer case mode, with the engine running, shift the transmission momentarily to D (Drive) and then back to N (Neutral). This will realign the gear teeth in the transfer case and allow you to complete the shift.
Shifting from Two-Wheel Drive High to Four-Wheel Drive High . Shifts between Two-Wheel Drive High and Four-Wheel Drive High can be made at any vehicle speed.
Chevrolet Silverado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
5853506) - 2014 - CRC 3rd Edition - 8/28/13
Black plate (44,1)
9-44
Driving and Operating
Shifting In or Out of Four-Wheel Drive Low
{ Caution
Shifting the transfer case into Four-Wheel Drive Low while moving at speeds faster than 5 km/h (3 mph) may cause premature wear to the transfer