2012 Chevrolet Avalanche Owners Manual

fluid reservoir.

Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for reservoir location.

Notice

. When using concentrated

washer fluid, follow the manufacturer's instructions for adding water.

. Do not mix water with

ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage the washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system.

. Fill the washer fluid tank only

three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.

. Do not use engine coolant

(antifreeze) in the windshield washer. It can damage the windshield washer system and paint.

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Brakes This vehicle has disc brakes. Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.

{ WARNING

The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to a crash. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.

Notice: Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair.

Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications in Capacities and Specifications on page 12‑2. Brake linings should always be replaced as complete axle sets. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service might be required.

Vehicle Care

10-25

Brake Adjustment Every time the brakes are applied, with or without the vehicle moving, the brakes adjust for wear. Replacing Brake System Parts The braking system on a vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. The vehicle was designed and tested with top-quality brake parts. When parts of the braking system are replaced, be sure to get new, approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes might not work properly. For example, installing disc brake pads that are wrong for the vehicle, can change the balance between the front and rear brakes — for the worse. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed.

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10-26

Vehicle Care

Brake Fluid

The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with DOT 3 brake fluid. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for the location of the reservoir. There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down:

The brake fluid level goes down because of normal brake lining wear. When new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up.

. A fluid leak in the brake

hydraulic system can also cause a low fluid level. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later the brakes will not work well.

Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

{ WARNING

Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine when to check the brake fluid. See Maintenance Schedule on page 11‑3. Checking Brake Fluid Check brake fluid by looking at the brake fluid reservoir. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6.

If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system. See “Checking Brake Fluid” in this section.

When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light on page 5‑20.

The fluid level should be above MIN. If it is not, have the brake hydraulic system checked to see if there is a leak.

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After work is done on the brake hydraulic system, make sure the level is above the MIN but not over the MAX mark.

What to Add Use only new DOT 3 brake fluid from a sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑11. Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. This helps keep dirt from entering the reservoir.

{ WARNING

With the wrong kind of fluid in the brake hydraulic system, the brakes might not work well. This could cause a crash. Always use the proper brake fluid.

Notice

. Using the wrong fluid can

badly damage brake hydraulic system parts. For example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in the brake hydraulic system can damage brake hydraulic system parts so badly that they will have to be replaced. Do not let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid.

. If brake fluid is spilled on the

vehicle's painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Be careful not to spill brake fluid on the vehicle. If you do, wash it off immediately.

Vehicle Care

10-27

Battery Refer to the replacement number shown on the original battery label when a new battery is needed. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for battery location.

{ WARNING

Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.

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10-28

Vehicle Care

Vehicle Storage

{ WARNING

Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting on page 10‑80 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.

Infrequent Usage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery to keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger.

To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface. If the level is below the bottom of the fill plug hole, some lubricant will need to be added. Add enough lubricant to raise the level to the bottom of the fill plug hole. Use care not to overtighten the plug.

When to Change Lubricant Refer to Maintenance Schedule on page 11‑3 to determine how often to change the lubricant.

What to Use Refer to Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑11 to determine what kind of lubricant to use.

Four-Wheel Drive

Transfer Case

When to Check Lubricant Refer to Maintenance Schedule on page 11‑3 to determine when to check the lubricant.

How to Check Lubricant

Active Transfer Case

A. Fill Plug B. Drain Plug

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Front Axle

When to Check and Change Lubricant It is not necessary to regularly check front axle fluid unless there is a leak suspected or an unusual noise is heard. A fluid loss could indicate a problem. Have it inspected and repaired.

How to Check Lubricant To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface.

Vehicle Care

10-29

What to Use Refer to Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑11 to determine what kind of lubricant to use.

Rear Axle

When to Check Lubricant It is not necessary to regularly check rear axle fluid unless you suspect there is a leak or you hear an unusual noise. A fluid loss could indicate a problem. Have it inspected and repaired. All axle assemblies are filled by volume of fluid during production. They are not filled to reach a certain level. When checking the fluid level on any axle, variations in the readings can be caused by factory fill differences between the minimum and the maximum fluid volume.

A. Fill Plug B. Drain Plug . When the differential is cold, add

enough lubricant to raise the level from 0 mm (0 in) to 3.2 mm (1/8 in) below the fill plug hole.

. When the differential is at

operating temperature (warm), add enough lubricant to raise the level to the bottom of the fill plug hole.

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10-30

Vehicle Care

Also, if a vehicle has just been driven before checking the fluid level, it may appear lower than normal because fluid has traveled out along the axle tubes and has not drained back to the sump area. Therefore, a reading taken five minutes after the vehicle has been driven will appear to have a lower fluid level than a vehicle that has been stationary for an hour or two. Remember that the rear axle assembly must be supported to get a true reading.

How to Check Lubricant

To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface. The proper level is from 1.0 mm to 19.0 mm (0.04 in to 0.75 in) below the bottom of the filler plug hole, located on the rear axle. Add only enough fluid to reach the proper level.

What to Use Refer to Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑11 to determine what kind of lubricant to use.

Starter Switch Check

{ WARNING When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle.

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2. Firmly apply both the parking brake and the regular brake. See Parking Brake on page 9‑42. Do not use the accelerator pedal, and be ready to turn off the engine immediately if it starts.

3. Try to start the engine in each gear. The vehicle should start only in P (Park) or N (Neutral). If the vehicle starts in any other position, contact your dealer for service.

Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control Function Check

{ WARNING When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle. It should be parked on a level surface.

2. Firmly apply the parking brake.

See Parking Brake on page 9‑42. Be ready to apply the regular brake immediately if the vehicle begins to move.

Vehicle Care

10-31

3. With the engine off, turn the

ignition on, but do not start the engine. Without applying the regular brake, try to move the shift lever out of P (Park) with normal effort. If the shift lever moves out of P (Park), contact your dealer for service.

Ignition Transmission Lock Check While parked, and with the parking brake set, try to turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF in each shift lever position.

The ignition should turn to LOCK/OFF only when the shift lever is in P (Park). The ignition key should come out only in LOCK/OFF.

Contact your dealer if service is required.

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To check the P (Park) mechanism's holding ability: With the engine running, shift to P (Park). Then release the parking brake followed by the regular brake.

Contact your dealer if service is required.

Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield wiper blades should be inspected for wear or cracking. See Maintenance Schedule on page 11‑3. Replacement blades come in different types and are removed in different ways.

To replace the wiper blade assembly: 1. Pull the windshield wiper arm

connector away from the windshield.

2. Squeeze the grooved areas on

each side of the blade, and rotate the blade assembly away from the arm connector.

10-32

Vehicle Care

Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check { WARNING

When you are doing this check, the vehicle could begin to move. You or others could be injured and property could be damaged. Make sure there is room in front of the vehicle in case it begins to roll. Be ready to apply the regular brake at once should the vehicle begin to move.

Park on a fairly steep hill, with the vehicle facing downhill. Keeping your foot on the regular brake, set the parking brake.

To check the parking brake's holding ability: With the engine running and the transmission in N (Neutral), slowly remove foot pressure from the regular brake pedal. Do this until the vehicle is held by the parking brake only.

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Headlamp Aiming The vehicle has a visual optical headlamp aiming system. The aim of the headlamps has been preset at the factory and should need no further adjustment. However, if the vehicle is damaged in a crash, the aim of the headlamps may be affected and adjustment may be necessary. If oncoming vehicles flash their high beams at you, this may mean the vertical aim of the headlamps needs to be adjusted. It is recommended that the vehicle be taken to your dealer for service if the headlamps need to be adjusted. It is possible, however, to re-aim the headlamps as described.

Vehicle Care

10-33

The vehicle should: . Be placed so the headlamps are

7.6 m (25 ft) from a light‐ colored wall.

. Have all four tires on a level

surface which is level all the way to the wall.

. Be placed so it is perpendicular

to the wall.

. Not have any snow, ice, or mud

on it.

. Be fully assembled and all other

work stopped while headlamp aiming is being performed.

. Be loaded with a full tank of fuel

and one person or 75 kg (160 lbs) sitting on the driver seat.

. Have the tires properly inflated. . Have the spare tire in its proper

location in the vehicle.

3.

Install the new blade onto the arm connector and make sure the grooved areas are fully set in the locked position.

For the proper type and size, see Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 11‑13.

Glass Replacement If the windshield or front side glass must be replaced, see your dealer to determine the correct replacement glass.

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10-34

Vehicle Care

Headlamp aiming is done with the vehicle's low-beam headlamps. The high-beam headlamps will be correctly aimed if the low-beam headlamps are aimed properly. To adjust the vertical aim: 1. Open the hood. See Hood on

page 10‑5

2. Locate the aim dot on the lens of

the low‐beam headlamp.

3. Record the distance from the ground to the aim dot on the low‐beam headlamp.

4. At a wall, measure from the

ground upward (A) to the recorded distance from Step 3 and mark it.

5. Draw or tape a horizontal line (B)

on the wall the width of the vehicle at the height of the mark in Step 4.

Notice: Do not cover a headlamp to improve beam cut-off when aiming. Covering a headlamp may cause excessive heat build-up which may cause damage to the headlamp.

6. Turn on the low-beam

headlamps and place a piece of cardboard or equivalent in front of the headlamp not being adjusted. This allows only the beam of light from the headlamp being adjusted to be seen on the flat surface.

7. Locate the vertical headlamp

aiming screws, which are under the hood near each headlamp assembly. The adjustment screw can be turned with an E8 Torx® socket.

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Bulb Replacement For the proper type of replacement bulbs, see Replacement Bulbs on page 10‑37. For any bulb‐changing procedure not listed in this section, contact your dealer.

Halogen Bulbs

{ WARNING

Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the bulb package.

8. Turn the vertical aiming screw

until the headlamp beam is aimed to the horizontal tape line. Turn it clockwise or counterclockwise to raise or lower the angle of the beam.

9. Make sure that the light from the

headlamp is positioned at the bottom edge of the horizontal tape line. The lamp on the left (A) shows the correct headlamp aim. The lamp on the right (B) shows the incorrect headlamp aim.

10. Repeat Steps 7 through 9 for

the opposite headlamp.

Vehicle Care

10-35

Taillamps, Turn Signal, Sidemarker, Stoplamps, and Back-Up Lamps

A. Back-up Lamp B. Stoplamp/Turn Signal/Taillamp C. Sidemarker Lamp

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10-36

Vehicle Care

To replace one of these bulbs, do the following: 1. Open the tailgate. See Tailgate

on page 2‑15 for more information.

2. Remove the two screws from the

taillamp assembly.

3. Pull the taillamp assembly

rearward until you disengage the outer pins on the taillamp assembly from the vehicle.

4. Turn the bulb socket

counterclockwise to remove it from the taillamp assembly. 5. Pull the old bulb straight out

from the bulb socket.

6. Press a new bulb into the bulb

socket and insert the bulb socket into the taillamp assembly. Turn the bulb socket clockwise into the taillamp assembly until it clicks.

7. Reinstall the taillamp assembly making sure to line up the pins with the vehicle.

License Plate Lamp

A. License Plate Lamp Housing B. Bulb C. Bulb Socket

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To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Using a small flat-bladed tool,

insert the blade end at the back edge of the rear license plate lamp housing (A).

2. Gently push forward while lifting

the back edge of the lamp housing from the bumper opening.

3. Turn the bulb socket (C)

one‐quarter turn to release the bulb socket from the lamp housing (A).

4. Pull the bulb (B) from the bulb

socket (C).

5. Reverse the steps to install.

Replacement Bulbs

Electrical System

Vehicle Care

10-37

Exterior Lamp

Back-up Lamp License Plate Lamp Rear Turn Signal Lamp, Taillamp, and Stoplamp Sidemarker Lamp

Bulb

Number

7441

168

3057K

194LL

For replacement bulbs not listed here, contact your dealer.

Electrical System Overload The vehicle has fuses and circuit breakers to protect against an electrical system overload. When the current electrical load is too heavy, the circuit breaker opens and closes, protecting the circuit until the current load returns to normal or the problem is fixed. This greatly reduces the chance of circuit overload and fire caused by electrical problems. Fuses and circuit breakers protect power devices in the vehicle. Replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. If there is a problem on the road and a fuse needs to be replaced, the same amperage fuse can be borrowed. Choose some feature of the vehicle that is not needed to use and replace it as soon as possible.

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10-38

Vehicle Care

Headlamp Wiring An electrical overload may cause the lamps to go on and off, or in some cases to remain off. Have the headlamp wiring checked right away if the lamps go on and off or remain off. Windshield Wipers If the wiper motor overheats due to heavy snow or ice, the windshield wipers will stop until the motor cools and will then restart. Although the circuit is protected from electrical overload, overload due to heavy snow or ice may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow from the windshield before using the windshield wipers. If the overload is caused by an electrical problem and not snow or ice, be sure to get it fixed.

Fuses and Circuit Breakers The wiring circuits in the vehicle are protected from short circuits by a combination of fuses, circuit breakers, and fusible thermal links. This greatly reduces the chance of fires caused by electrical problems. Look at the silver-colored band inside the fuse. If the band is broken or melted, replace the fuse. Be sure you replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. Fuses of the same amperage can be temporarily borrowed from another fuse location, if a fuse goes out. Replace the fuse as soon as you can.

Engine Compartment Fuse Block

The Engine Compartment Fuse Block is located in the engine compartment, on the driver side of the vehicle. Lift the cover for access to the fuse/relay block. Notice: Spilling liquid on any electrical component on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component. To remove fuses, hold the end of the fuse between your thumb and index finger and pull straight out.

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Vehicle Care

10-39

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Vehicle Care

The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.

Fuses

Usage Right Trailer Stop/Turn Lamp Electronic Stability Suspension Control, Automatic Level Control Exhaust Left Trailer Stop/Turn Lamp Engine Controls Engine Control Module, Throttle Control Trailer Brake Controller Front Washer Oxygen Sensors Antilock Brake System 2

Fuses

Usage

Fuses

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Trailer Back-up Lamps Driver Side Low-Beam Headlamp Engine Control Module (Battery) Fuel Injectors, Ignition Coils (Right Side) Transmission Control Module (Battery) Vehicle Back-up Lamps Passenger Side Low-Beam Headlamp Air Conditioning Compressor Oxygen Sensors

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28
29

30

Usage Transmission Controls (Ignition) Fuel Pump Fuel System Control Module Headlamp Washer Rear Windshield Washer Fuel Injectors, Ignition Coils (Left Side) Trailer Park Lamps Driver Side Park Lamps Passenger Side Park Lamps Fog Lamps Horn Passenger Side High-Beam Headlamp

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Vehicle Care

10-41

Fuses

Usage

Fuses

Usage

Fuses

Usage

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) (If Equipped) Driver Side High-Beam Headlamp Daytime Running Lamps 2
(If Equipped) Sunroof Key Ignition System, Theft‐ Deterrent System Windshield Wiper SEO B2 Upfitter Usage (Battery) Electric Adjustable Pedals Climate Controls (Battery) Airbag System (Ignition)

41
42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50
51

52

Amplifier Audio System Miscellaneous (Ignition), Cruise Control Liftgate Release Airbag System (Battery) Instrument Panel Cluster Not Used Auxiliary Climate Control (Ignition) Center High-Mounted Stoplamp (CHMSL) Rear Defogger Heated Mirrors SEO B1 Upfitter Usage (Battery)

53

54

55

56

Accessory Power Outlet, Cigarette Lighter (If Equipped) Automatic Level Control Compressor Relay Climate Controls (Ignition) Engine Control Module, Secondary Fuel Pump (Ignition)

J-Case Fuses

Usage

57

58

59

Cooling Fan 1
Automatic Level Control Compressor Heavy Duty Antilock Brake System

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10-42

Vehicle Care

J-Case Fuses

Usage

60

61

62

63

64

65

66
67

68

69

70

Cooling Fan 2
Antilock Brake System 1
Starter Stud 2 (Trailer Brakes) Left Bussed Electrical Center 1
Electric Running Boards Not Used Transfer Case Stud 1 (Trailer Connector Battery Power) Mid-Bussed Electrical Center 1
Climate Control Blower

J-Case Fuses

71

72

Usage

Power Liftgate Module Left Bussed Electrical Center 2

Relays

Usage

FAN HI

FAN LO

FAN CNTRL

HDLP LO/HID FOG LAMP A/C CMPRSR STRTR PWR/TRN FUEL PMP

Cooling Fan High Speed Cooling Fan Low Speed Cooling Fan Control Low-Beam Headlamp Front Fog Lamps Air Conditioning Compressor Starter Powertrain Fuel Pump

Relays PRK LAMP REAR DEFOG RUN/CRNK

Usage

Parking Lamps

Rear Defogger

Switched Power

Instrument Panel Fuse Block

The instrument panel fuse block access door is located on the driver side edge of the instrument panel. Pull off the cover to access the fuse block.

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Vehicle Care

10-43

Fuses

10

11

Usage Steering Wheel Controls Backlight Driver Door Module Dome Lamps, Driver Side Turn Signal Driver Side Turn Signal, Stoplamp Instrument Panel Back Lighting Passenger Side Turn Signal, Stoplamp Passenger Door Module, Driver Unlock Power Door Lock 2
(Unlock Feature) Power Door Lock 2
(Lock Feature)

The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.

Fuses

Usage

Rear Seats Rear Accessory Power Outlet

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Vehicle Care

Fuses

Usage

Fuses

12

13
14

15

16

17

18

19

Stoplamps, Center High‐Mounted Stoplamp Rear Climate Controls Power Mirror Body Control Module (BCM) Accessory Power Outlets Interior Lamps Power Door Lock 1
(Unlock Feature) Rear Seat Entertainment

20

21

22

23
24

25

26

Usage Ultrasonic Rear Parking Assist, Power Liftgate Power Door Lock 1
(Lock Feature) Driver Information Center (DIC) Rear Wiper Cooled Seats Driver Seat Module, Remote Keyless Entry System Driver Power Door Lock (Unlock Feature)

Circuit Breaker

LT DR

Usage

Driver Side Power Window Circuit Breaker

Harness Connector

LT DR

BODY BODY

Usage

Driver Door Harness Connection Harness Connector Harness Connector

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Vehicle Care

10-45

Circuit Breaker

CB1

CB2

CB3

CB4

Usage

Passenger Side Power Window Circuit Breaker Passenger Seat Circuit Breaker Driver Seat Circuit Breaker Rear Sliding Window

Center Instrument Panel Fuse Block The center instrument panel fuse block is located underneath the instrument panel, to the left of the steering column. Top View

Harness Connector

BODY 2

Usage

Body Harness Connector 2

Harness Connector

BODY 1

BODY 3

HEADLINER 3

HEADLINER 2

HEADLINER 1

SEO/

UPFITTER

Usage

Body Harness Connector 1
Body Harness Connector 3
Headliner Harness Connector 3
Headliner Harness Connector 2
Headliner Harness Connector 1
Special Equipment Option Upfitter Harness Connector

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Vehicle Care

Wheels and Tires

Tires Every new GM vehicle has high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. See the warranty manual for information regarding the tire warranty and where to get service. For additional information refer to the tire manufacturer.

{ WARNING . Poorly maintained and

improperly used tires are dangerous.

. Overloading the tires can

cause overheating as a result of too much flexing. There could be a blowout and a serious crash. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16.

(Continued)

WARNING (Continued)

WARNING (Continued)

. Underinflated tires pose the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting crash could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when the tires are cold.

. Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by a sudden impact— such as when hitting a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure.

. Worn or old tires can cause a

crash. If the tread is badly worn, replace them.

. Replace any tires that have been damaged by impacts with potholes, curbs, etc.

(Continued)

. Improperly repaired tires can

cause a crash. Only the dealer or an authorized tire service center should repair, replace, dismount, and mount the tires.

. Do not spin the tires in

excess of 56 km/h (35 mph) on slippery surfaces such as snow, mud, ice, etc. Excessive spinning may cause the tires to explode.

20‐Inch Tires If the vehicle has 20‐inch P275/55R20 size tires, they are classified as touring tires and are designed for on road use. The low‐profile, wide tread design is not recommended for off‐road driving. See Off-Road Driving on page 9‑6, for additional information.

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Notice: Low‐profile tires are more susceptible to damage from road hazards or curb impact than standard profile tires. Tire and/or wheel assembly damage can occur when coming into contact with road hazards like, potholes, or sharp edged objects, or when sliding into a curb. The warranty does not cover this type of damage. Keep tires set to the correct inflation pressure and, when possible, avoid contact with curbs, potholes, and other road hazards.

Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into the sidewall. The examples show a typical passenger and light truck tire sidewall.

Passenger (P‐Metric) Tire (A) Tire Size: The tire size code is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (B) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance

Vehicle Care

10-47

criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (C) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. (D) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture.

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(E) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (F) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG): Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. For more information, see Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 10‑62. (G) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load. For information on recommended tire pressure see Tire Pressure on page 10‑53 and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16.

GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (C) Dual Tire Maximum Load: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load when used in a dual configuration. For information on recommended tire pressure see Tire Pressure on page 10‑53
and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16. (D) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.

Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire

(A) Tire Size: The tire size code is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (B) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to

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(E) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (F) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (G) Single Tire Maximum Load: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load when used as a single. For information on recommended tire pressure see Tire Pressure on page 10‑53 and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16.

Tire Designations

Tire Size The examples show a typical passenger vehicle and light truck tire size.

Passenger (P‐Metric) Tire

(A) Passenger (P‐Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (B) Tire Width: The three‐digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall.

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(C) Aspect Ratio: A two‐digit number that indicates the tire height‐to‐width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 75, as shown in item C of the tire illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 75 percent as high as it is wide. (D) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted‐bias ply construction. (E) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches. (F) Service Description: These characters represent the load index and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carrying capacity a tire

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is certified to carry. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load.

Light Truck (LT‐Metric) Tire

(A) Light Truck (LT‐Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letters LT as the first two characters in the tire size mean a light truck tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (B) Tire Width: The three‐digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. (C) Aspect Ratio: A two‐digit number that indicates the tire height‐to‐width measurements.

For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 75, as shown in item C of the light truck (LT‐Metric) tire illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 75 percent as high as it is wide. (D) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted‐bias ply construction. (E) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches. (F) Load Range: Load Range. (G) Service Description: The service description indicates the load index and speed rating of a tire. If two numbers are given as in the example, 120/116, then

this represents the load index for single versus dual wheel usage (single/dual). The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load.

Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure: The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch). Accessory Weight: The combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio: The relationship of a tire's height to its width.

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Belt: A rubber coated layer of cords that is located between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials. Bead: The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Cold Tire Pressure: The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch) before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Tire Pressure on page 10‑53. Curb Weight: The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the

maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo. DOT Markings: A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16. GAWR FRT: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16.

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GAWR RR: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16. Intended Outboard Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire, that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa): The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT‐Metric) Tire: A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index: An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279
that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire. Maximum Inflation Pressure: The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall.

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Maximum Load Rating: The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire. Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight: The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight: The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 68 kg (150 lbs). See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16. Occupant Distribution: Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or

model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire. Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure: Vehicle manufacturer's recommended tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Tire Pressure on page 10‑53 and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16. Radial Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim: A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated.

Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating: An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate. Traction: The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators: Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1.6 mm (1/16 in) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 10‑60. UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards): A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a

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tire's traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 10‑62. Vehicle Capacity Weight: The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 68 kg (150 lbs) plus the rated cargo load. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16. Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire: Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard: A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle capacity weight and the original equipment tire size

and recommended inflation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16.

Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively. Notice: Neither tire underinflation nor overinflation is good. Underinflated tires, or tires that do not have enough air, can result in:

. Tire overloading and

overheating which could lead to a blowout.

. Premature or

irregular wear. . Poor handling. . Reduced fuel economy.

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Overinflated tires, or tires that have too much air, can result in:

. Unusual wear. . Poor handling. . Rough ride. . Needless damage from

road hazards.

The Tire and Loading Information label on the vehicle indicates the original equipment tires and the correct cold tire inflation pressures. The recommended pressure is the minimum air pressure needed to support the vehicle's maximum load carrying capacity. For additional information regarding how much weight the vehicle can carry, and an example of the Tire and Loading Information label, see Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑16.

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How the vehicle is loaded affects vehicle handling and ride comfort. Never load the vehicle with more weight than it was designed to carry.

When to Check Check the tires once a month or more. Do not forget the spare tire, if the vehicle has one. See Full-Size Spare Tire on page 10‑79 for additional information.

How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gauge to check tire pressure. Proper tire inflation cannot be determined by looking at the tire. Check the tire inflation pressure when the tires are cold, meaning the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours or no more than 1.6 km (1 mi).

Remove the valve cap from the tire valve stem. Press the tire gauge firmly onto the valve to get a pressure measurement. If the cold tire inflation pressure matches the recommended pressure on the Tire and Loading Information label, no further adjustment is necessary. If the inflation pressure is low, add air until the recommended pressure is reached. If the inflation pressure is high, press on the metal stem in the center of the tire valve to release air. Re-check the tire pressure with the tire gauge. Return the valve caps on the valve stems to prevent leaks and keep out dirt and moisture.

Tire Pressure Monitor System The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses radio and sensor technology to check tire pressure levels. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in your tires and transmit tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle. Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, you should determine the proper tire inflation pressure for those tires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire

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pressure telltale when one or more of your tires is significantly under‐inflated. Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should stop and check your tires as soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pressure. Driving on a significantly under‐inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under‐inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle's handling and stopping ability. Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire maintenance, and it is the driver's responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure, even if under‐inflation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not operating properly.

The TPMS malfunction indicator is combined with the low tire pressure telltale. When the system detects a malfunction, the telltale will flash for approximately one minute and then remain continuously illuminated. This sequence will continue upon subsequent vehicle start‐ups as long as the malfunction exists. When the malfunction indicator is illuminated, the system may not be able to detect or signal low tire pressure as intended. TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety of reasons, including the installation of replacement or alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale after replacing one or more tires or wheels on your vehicle to ensure that the replacement or alternate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to continue to function properly. See Tire Pressure Monitor Operation on page 10‑55 for additional information.

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Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules and with Industry Canada Standards See Radio Frequency Statement on page 13‑20 for information regarding Part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules and with Industry Canada Standards RSS-GEN/210/220/310.

Tire Pressure Monitor Operation This vehicle may have a Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS). The TPMS is designed to warn the driver when a low tire pressure condition exists. TPMS sensors are mounted onto each tire and wheel assembly, excluding the spare tire and wheel assembly. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in the tires and transmit the tire pressure readings to a receiver